Mechanical fitting ultrasonic forming grinding device and method

Abstract

This invention provides an ultrasonic forming grinding apparatus and method for mechanical parts, belonging to the field of ultrasonic forming grinding technology for mechanical parts. Its structure includes a three-axis vertical machine tool body, with a forming grinding head vertically mounted on the upper end of the three-axis vertical machine tool body. A force measuring system is installed on the worktable of the three-axis vertical machine tool body. An ultrasonic vibration device is installed on the top surface of the force measuring instrument body, and a grinding temperature acquisition device is sleeved at the front end of the ultrasonic vibration device. Using this apparatus, various parameters of the mechanical parts can be accurately measured and analyzed to obtain the influence of different processing parameters on grinding force, grinding temperature, residual stress, and surface roughness. Furthermore, the microstructure of the ground surface can be analyzed, effectively solving the problems of easy burning and difficulty in ensuring precision during grinding of difficult-to-machine material mechanical parts, thus achieving high-precision and high-efficiency grinding processing of mechanical parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an ultrasonic forming and grinding apparatus and method for mechanical parts, belonging to the field of ultrasonic forming and grinding technology for mechanical parts. Background Technology

[0002] As core components in mechanical transmission, the machining accuracy of mechanical parts directly determines the noise, lifespan, and reliability of the transmission system. Currently, the final machining of high-precision mechanical parts mainly employs form grinding or generating grinding. However, with the increasing performance requirements for mechanical parts in fields such as high-speed transportation, aerospace, and new energy vehicles, the application of mechanical parts made of titanium alloys, high-temperature alloys, and hard and brittle materials is becoming increasingly widespread. Conventional grinding of these materials presents challenges such as high grinding force, high grinding temperature, easy clogging and burning of the grinding wheel, and the formation of micro-cracks and residual tensile stress on the ground surface, making it difficult to balance machining efficiency with surface integrity (such as surface roughness and residual compressive stress).

[0003] Ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding, as a novel special composite machining technology, produces effects such as micro-differentiation, hardening, sharpening of the cutting edge, and concentration of stress and energy during the machining process. This alters the shape of the grinding chips, effectively reducing grinding force and grinding specific energy, minimizing wheel clogging and wear, and improving material removal rate and surface integrity. Currently, this machining technology is widely used in the processing of aerospace materials such as titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining applies high-frequency micro-amplitude vibrations to the tool or workpiece, altering the material removal mechanism and achieving intermittent cutting, effectively reducing grinding force and grinding heat.

[0004] However, research on the forming grinding mechanism, process parameter optimization, and thermal damage suppression mechanism of 12Cr2Ni4A, a typical material for heavy-duty aerospace machinery parts, under ultrasonic assistance is still lacking. Existing ultrasonic-assisted grinding devices are mostly designed for simple surface grinding or cylindrical grinding, and there is a lack of dedicated ultrasonic vibration system solutions suitable for forming grinding of mechanical parts that can be integrated with general-purpose vertical machining centers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ultrasonic-assisted forming grinding method for high-strength alloy steel mechanical parts such as 12Cr2Ni4A. To address the above needs, this invention proposes an ultrasonic forming grinding processing device and method for mechanical parts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ultrasonic forming and grinding device and method for mechanical parts, so as to solve the existing problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: an ultrasonic forming grinding processing device and method for mechanical parts, the structure of which includes a three-axis vertical machine tool body, and a forming grinding head is vertically arranged at the upper end of the three-axis vertical machine tool body. A force measuring system is arranged on the worktable of the three-axis vertical machine tool body. The force measuring system is composed of a force measuring instrument body, a charge amplifier and a data acquisition card electrically connected together. An ultrasonic vibration device is installed on the top surface of the force measuring instrument body, and a grinding temperature acquisition device is sleeved at the front end of the ultrasonic vibration device. A computer body is also arranged next to the three-axis vertical machine tool body and electrically connected to the three-axis vertical machine tool body, the forming grinding head, the force measuring system, the ultrasonic vibration device and the grinding temperature acquisition device. The ultrasonic vibration device includes an L-shaped frame, with an installation opening in the middle of the L-shaped frame. An ultrasonic vibration mechanism is horizontally inserted through the installation opening, and a mechanical accessory is movably installed at the right end of the ultrasonic vibration mechanism. The ultrasonic vibration mechanism is electrically connected to the main body of an ultrasonic transmitter. The grinding temperature acquisition device includes a support, and a thermocouple acquisition mechanism for collecting temperature by rolling against the rear side of the mechanical parts is laterally mounted on the right side of the support. A slag-proof cover is laterally mounted on the upper front side of the thermocouple acquisition mechanism. The thermocouple acquisition mechanism is electrically connected to the thermocouple acquisition instrument body. The right end of the support is laterally provided with an adjustment slide for the thermocouple acquisition mechanism to adapt and adjust the mechanical parts. The thermocouple acquisition mechanism includes a telescopic device, and a sliding seat that passes through the adjustable sliding opening is longitudinally arranged at the left end of the telescopic device. A buffer seat is provided at the front end of the sliding seat, and a temperature acquisition head is provided at the front end of the buffer seat. The temperature acquisition head includes a pressure-collecting base, and an installation chamber is provided in the middle of the pressure-collecting base. Multiple thermocouples and infrared sensors are respectively installed in the installation chamber. A spherical base is also provided on the right side of the pressure-collecting base. The telescopic mechanism drives the sliding seat to move left and right within the adjustable sliding port. Through the cooperation of the buffer seat and the ball seat, the front ends of each of the multiple thermocouples can be distributed 2mm inward on the back side of the ground joint of the mechanical parts.

[0007] A further improvement is that the forming grinding head is composed of a grinding wheel driver body and a forming grinding wheel drive connection. The forming grinding wheel and the mechanical accessories are arranged radially. The diameter of the forming grinding wheel is 80-180mm and the grinding wheel grit size is 400μm.

[0008] A further improvement is that the ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes a servo rotator body, and a transducer body is drivenly connected to the right end of the servo rotator body. An amplitude transformer body is laterally mechanically connected to the right end of the transducer body. A mechanical component clamp is laterally connected to the right end of the amplitude transformer body. The amplitude transformer body drives the mechanical component to perform axial ultrasonic vibration.

[0009] A further improvement is that the support has a through opening in the middle for the front end of the amplitude rod to pass through.

[0010] A further improvement is that the upper end of the sliding seat is connected to a slag-proof hinge for telescopically covering the right end of the adjustable sliding port, and the slag-proof cover is fitted onto the upper end of the slag-proof hinge.

[0011] A further improvement is that the buffer seat includes a buffer base, and a buffer groove is provided in the middle of the buffer base, and a buffer rod and a spring are fitted inside the buffer groove.

[0012] A further improvement is that the right side of the sampling pressure seat is equipped with a foot seat for inserting and fixing the various legs of multiple thermocouples after they extend outward. The foot seat includes a foot seat body, and the right end of the foot seat body has a grinding wheel movable through-hole that is horizontally aligned with the forming grinding wheel. The grinding wheel movable through-hole is trapezoidal in shape, and multiple foot through-holes for inserting the front ends of the various legs of multiple thermocouples are spaced apart on the side of the opening of the grinding wheel movable through-hole.

[0013] Further improvements are made to the fact that the main body of the three-axis vertical machine tool, the main body of the computer, the main body of the ultrasonic transmitter, the main body of the thermocouple acquisition instrument, the main body of the grinding wheel driver, the main body of the force gauge, the charge amplifier, the data acquisition card, the main body of the servo rotator, the main body of the transducer, and the main body of the amplitude transformer are all existing technologies, and their structures will not be described in detail here.

[0014] A further improvement is that the forming grinding head is fixedly mounted on the Z-axis of the three-axis vertical machine tool body, and the force gauge body is fixedly mounted on the X / Y axis worktable of the three-axis vertical machine tool body.

[0015] A further improvement is that the mechanical parts are made of 12Cr2Ni4A material.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for ultrasonic forming and grinding of mechanical parts, the above-mentioned processing method being as follows: First, install the mechanical parts onto the mechanical parts fixture at the output end of the amplitude transformer body, and ensure that it is coaxial with the ultrasonic vibration mechanism.

[0017] Then, adjust the position of the temperature acquisition head according to the diameter of the mechanical parts so that the movable opening of the grinding wheel on the support can be positioned on the side of the grinding opening to be made on the mechanical parts.

[0018] Then, adjust the main body of the ultrasonic transmitter according to the test requirements so that the mechanical parts can obtain longitudinal vibration with a preset frequency controlled within the range of 20-36kHz and a preset amplitude of 0-6.4μm.

[0019] Then, the grinding wheel driver body drives the forming grinding wheel to perform forming grinding on the vibrating mechanical parts at a preset spindle speed of 1000-5000 r / min and a preset feed speed of 0.4-1.2 m / min, with the radial feed controlled at 30μm.

[0020] Then, during the grinding process, the force measuring system and grinding temperature acquisition device are started simultaneously. The grinding force and grinding temperature data under different parameter combinations are recorded in real time using the main body of the force measuring instrument and multiple thermocouples. This data is used for subsequent analysis of the mechanism by which ultrasonic vibration improves the grinding process.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides an ultrasonic forming grinding apparatus and method for mechanical parts. The apparatus comprises a three-axis vertical machine tool body, a forming grinding head, a force measuring system, an ultrasonic vibration device, a grinding temperature acquisition device, and a computer body. The three-axis vertical machine tool body drives the forming grinding head and ultrasonic vibration device for radial feed grinding. During radial feed, the ultrasonic vibration device induces axial vibration in the mechanical parts, resulting in intermittent high-frequency contact between the forming grinding wheel and the mechanical parts, thereby reducing grinding temperature. The force measuring system can monitor and sense the grinding force at different feed rates in real time. The grinding temperature acquisition device is designed to be adjustable using infrared sensing. Near the surface of a mechanical part of the same diameter to be ground, temperature data is collected and recorded in real time. This system performs grinding without coolant to explore the effect of ultrasonic vibration on grinding temperature suppression. Using this device, various parameters of mechanical parts can be accurately measured and analyzed to obtain the influence of different processing parameters on grinding force, grinding temperature, residual stress and surface roughness. The microstructure of the ground surface can also be analyzed. Furthermore, it significantly reduces grinding force, improves processing stability, improves surface quality, enhances surface finish, and effectively controls grinding temperature. This effectively solves the problems of easy burning and difficulty in ensuring precision when grinding mechanical parts made of difficult-to-machine materials, and realizes high-precision and high-efficiency grinding of mechanical parts. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of an ultrasonic forming and grinding device for mechanical parts according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a left view of a partial structure of an ultrasonic forming and grinding device for mechanical parts according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding temperature acquisition device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the thermocouple acquisition mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer seat and temperature acquisition head structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the image. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0024] Please see Figures 1-7This invention provides an ultrasonic forming grinding device and method for mechanical parts: its structure includes a three-axis vertical machine tool body 1, with a forming grinding head 2 vertically mounted on the upper end of the three-axis vertical machine tool body 1, and a force measuring system 3 mounted on the worktable of the three-axis vertical machine tool body 1. The force measuring system 3 is composed of a force measuring instrument body 31, a charge amplifier 32, and a data acquisition card 33 electrically connected together. An ultrasonic vibration device 4 is mounted on the top surface of the force measuring instrument body 31, and a grinding temperature acquisition device 5 is sleeved at the front end of the ultrasonic vibration device 4. A device connected to the three-axis vertical machine tool body 1 and the forming grinding head 2 is also provided on one side of the three-axis vertical machine tool body 1. A computer body 6 is electrically connected to the grinding head 2, force measuring system 3, ultrasonic vibration device 4, and grinding temperature acquisition device 5. The ultrasonic vibration device 4 includes an L-shaped frame 41, with a mounting opening 42 in the middle. An ultrasonic vibration mechanism 43 is laterally fitted inside the mounting opening 42, and a mechanical accessory 44 is movably mounted at the right end of the ultrasonic vibration mechanism 43. An ultrasonic transmitter body 45 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration mechanism 43. The grinding temperature acquisition device 5 includes a support 51, and a buffer roller is laterally fitted on the right side of the support 51 for temperature acquisition by friction with the rear side of the mechanical accessory 44. A thermocouple acquisition mechanism 52 is provided, with a slag-proof cover 53 horizontally fitted onto its upper front side. The thermocouple acquisition mechanism 52 is electrically connected to a thermocouple acquisition instrument body 54. A right-side support 51 has a horizontally opening for adjusting the thermocouple acquisition mechanism 52 to accommodate and adjust the mechanical parts 44. The thermocouple acquisition mechanism 52 includes a telescopic member 521, with a sliding seat 522 extending longitudinally through the adjusting slide 512 at its left end. A buffer stop 523 is located at the front end of the sliding seat 522, and a temperature acquisition head 525 is located at the front end of the buffer stop 523. The head 525 includes a collection pressure seat 5251, and the collection pressure seat 5251 has an installation chamber 5252 in the middle. Multiple thermocouples 5253 and infrared sensors 5256 are respectively installed in the installation chamber 5252. A spherical abutment 5255 is also provided on the right side of the collection pressure seat 5251. The sliding seat 522 moves left and right in the adjustable sliding port 512 by the extension and retraction of the telescopic device 521. After the cooperation of the buffer abutment 523 and the spherical abutment 5255, the front ends of each support of the multiple thermocouples 5253 can be distributed inward 2mm to the side of the ground joint of the mechanical part 44.

[0025] The forming grinding head 2 is composed of a grinding wheel driver body 21 and a forming grinding wheel 22 connected by transmission. The forming grinding wheel 22 and the mechanical accessories 44 are arranged radially. The diameter of the forming grinding wheel 22 is 80-180mm and the grinding wheel grit size is 400μm.

[0026] The ultrasonic vibration mechanism 43 includes a servo rotator body 431, and a transducer body 432 is connected to the right end of the servo rotator body 431. The transducer body 432 is mechanically connected to the right end of the transducer body 432 laterally. The right end of the transducer body 433 is connected to a mechanical accessory clamp 434 laterally. The transducer body 433 drives the mechanical accessory 44 to perform axial ultrasonic vibration.

[0027] The support 51 has a through opening 511 in the middle for the front end of the amplitude rod body 433 to pass through.

[0028] The upper end of the sliding seat 522 is connected to a slag-proof hinge 524 for telescopically covering the right end of the adjustable sliding port 512, and the slag-proof cover 53 is fitted onto the upper end of the slag-proof hinge 524.

[0029] The buffer seat 523 includes a buffer seat 5231, and a buffer groove 5232 is provided in the middle of the buffer seat 5231. A buffer rod 5233 and a spring 5234 are installed inside the buffer groove 5232.

[0030] The right side of the collecting pressure seat 5251 is equipped with a foot seat 5254 for inserting and fixing the legs of multiple thermocouples 5253 after they extend outward. The foot seat 5254 includes a foot seat body 52541, and the right end of the foot seat body 52541 has a grinding wheel movable through-hole 52542 that is horizontally aligned with the forming grinding wheel 22. The grinding wheel movable through-hole 52542 is trapezoidal in shape. Multiple foot through-holes 52543 for inserting the front ends of the legs of multiple thermocouples 5253 are spaced apart on the side of the opening of the grinding wheel movable through-hole 52542.

[0031] Working principle: First, install the mechanical component 44 onto the mechanical component clamp 434 at the output end of the amplitude transformer body 433, and ensure that it is coaxial with the ultrasonic vibration mechanism 43.

[0032] Then, adjust the position of the temperature acquisition head 525 according to the diameter of the mechanical part 44, so that the grinding wheel movable through-hole 52542 of the support 5254 can be positioned on the side of the grinding hole to be opened on the mechanical part 44.

[0033] During adjustment, the telescopic mechanism 521 extends and retracts, causing the sliding seat 522 to move laterally left and right within the adjusting slide 512. (Refer to the attached diagram.) Figure 4 The expansion joint 521 is located on the rear side of the adjustable sliding port 512 and is fixed to the rear side of the support 51. The anti-slag hinge 524 will also be pulled to adapt and close the right port of the adjustable sliding port 512. During the adjustment process, the outer edge of the mechanical accessory 44 is sensed in real time by the infrared sensor 5256, so that the support 5254 can be adapted to the position on the side of the grinding port to be opened on the mechanical accessory 44.

[0034] In addition, the cooperation between the buffer seat 523 and the ball seat 5255 allows the front ends of each of the multiple thermocouples 5253 to be distributed 2mm inward on the back side of the grinding joint of the mechanical part 44 for temperature sensing of the grinding joint.

[0035] Among them, the grinding temperature acquisition device 5 is used to monitor the temperature change in the grinding arc zone in real time. The system includes multiple thermocouples 5253 and a thermocouple acquisition instrument body 54. Considering that the temperature in the grinding zone is high and changes rapidly, multiple thermocouples 5253 with fast response speed are selected. The above structure is used to precisely adjust the distance and closely attach them to the back surface of the mechanical parts 44 of different diameters to be ground, so as to collect and record temperature data in real time.

[0036] Then, adjust the main body 45 of the ultrasonic transmitter according to the test requirements so that the mechanical parts can obtain longitudinal vibration with a preset frequency controlled within the range of 20-36kHz and a preset amplitude of 0-6.4μm.

[0037] The ultrasonic transmitter body 45 serves as an ultrasonic power source, transmitting high-frequency electrical signals to the transducer body 432. The transducer body 432 converts the received high-frequency electrical signals into high-frequency mechanical vibrations through the inverse piezoelectric effect of its internal piezoelectric ceramic element. The amplitude transformer body 433 is mechanically connected to the transducer body 432, amplifying the amplitude of the mechanical vibrations generated by the transducer body 432 and transmitting the amplified mechanical vibrations to the mechanical accessory 44 connected to it, thereby causing the mechanical accessory 44 to generate axial longitudinal vibrations.

[0038] The ultrasonic amplitude was set to multiple levels, including 0μm, 1.6μm, 3.2μm, 4.8μm, and 6.4μm, for comparative testing.

[0039] Then, the grinding wheel driver body 21 drives the forming grinding wheel 22 to perform forming grinding on the vibrating mechanical parts 44 at a preset spindle speed of 1000-5000 r / min and a preset feed speed of 0.4-1.2 m / min, with the radial feed controlled at 30 μm.

[0040] The rotational speed of the forming grinding wheel 22 driven by the wheel drive body 21 is set to multiple levels: 1000r / min, 2000r / min, 3000r / min, 4000r / min, and 5000r / min.

[0041] The feed speed of the X / Y axis worktable on the main body 1 of the three-axis vertical machine tool is set to multiple levels: 0.4 m / min, 0.6 m / min, 0.8 m / min, 1.0 m / min, and 1.2 m / min.

[0042] In addition, after the mechanical part 44 grinds a grinding hole, the servo rotator body 431 drives the mechanical part 44 to rotate by the distance of one grinding hole.

[0043] Then, during the grinding process, the force measuring system 3 and the grinding temperature acquisition device 5 are started simultaneously. The grinding force and grinding temperature data under different parameter combinations are recorded in real time using the force measuring instrument body 31 and multiple thermocouples 5253, which are used for subsequent analysis of the improvement mechanism of ultrasonic vibration on the grinding process.

[0044] The force measurement system 3 includes a force measuring instrument body 31, a charge amplifier 32, and a data acquisition card 33. The force measuring instrument body 31 is installed on the workbench of the machining center, located below the mechanical parts 44, and is used to convert the grinding force signal into an electrical signal. The charge amplifier 32 is electrically connected to the force measuring instrument body 31 and is used to receive and amplify the electrical signal so that the data acquisition card 33 can record and analyze it.

[0045] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic forming and grinding processing device for mechanical parts, characterized in that: Its structure includes a three-axis vertical machine tool body, with a forming grinding head vertically mounted on the upper end of the three-axis vertical machine tool body. A force measuring system is installed on the worktable of the three-axis vertical machine tool body. The force measuring system consists of a force measuring instrument body, a charge amplifier, and a data acquisition card electrically connected together. An ultrasonic vibration device is installed on the top surface of the force measuring instrument body, and a grinding temperature acquisition device is sleeved at the front end of the ultrasonic vibration device. A computer body is also installed next to the three-axis vertical machine tool body, which is electrically connected to the three-axis vertical machine tool body, the forming grinding head, the force measuring system, the ultrasonic vibration device, and the grinding temperature acquisition device. The ultrasonic vibration device includes an L-shaped frame, with an installation opening in the middle of the L-shaped frame. An ultrasonic vibration mechanism is horizontally inserted through the installation opening, and a mechanical accessory is movably installed at the right end of the ultrasonic vibration mechanism. The ultrasonic vibration mechanism is electrically connected to the main body of an ultrasonic transmitter. The grinding temperature acquisition device includes a support, and a thermocouple acquisition mechanism for collecting temperature by rolling against the rear side of the mechanical parts is laterally mounted on the right side of the support. A slag-proof cover is laterally mounted on the upper front side of the thermocouple acquisition mechanism. The thermocouple acquisition mechanism is electrically connected to the thermocouple acquisition instrument body. The right end of the support is laterally provided with an adjustment slide for the thermocouple acquisition mechanism to adapt and adjust the mechanical parts. The thermocouple acquisition mechanism includes a telescopic device, and a sliding seat that passes through the adjustable sliding opening is longitudinally arranged at the left end of the telescopic device. A buffer seat is provided at the front end of the sliding seat, and a temperature acquisition head is provided at the front end of the buffer seat. The temperature acquisition head includes a pressure-collecting base, and an installation chamber is provided in the middle of the pressure-collecting base. Multiple thermocouples and infrared sensors are respectively installed in the installation chamber. A spherical base is also provided on the right side of the pressure-collecting base. The telescopic mechanism drives the sliding seat to move left and right within the adjustable sliding port. Through the cooperation of the buffer seat and the ball seat, the front ends of each of the multiple thermocouples can be distributed 2mm inward on the back side of the ground joint of the mechanical parts.

2. The ultrasonic forming and grinding device for mechanical parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forming grinding head consists of a grinding wheel driver body and a forming grinding wheel drive connection. The forming grinding wheel and the mechanical accessories are arranged radially. The diameter of the forming grinding wheel is 80-180mm and the grinding wheel grit size is 400μm.

3. The ultrasonic forming and grinding device for mechanical parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ultrasonic vibration mechanism includes a servo rotator body, and a transducer body is drivenly connected to the right end of the servo rotator body. An amplitude transformer body is laterally mechanically connected to the right end of the transducer body. A mechanical component clamp is laterally connected to the right end of the amplitude transformer body. The amplitude transformer body drives the mechanical component to perform axial ultrasonic vibration.

4. The ultrasonic forming and grinding device for mechanical parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The support has a through opening in the middle for the front end of the amplitude rod to pass through.

5. The ultrasonic forming and grinding device for mechanical parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end of the sliding seat is connected to a slag-proof hinge for telescopically covering the right end of the adjustable sliding port, and the slag-proof cover is fitted onto the upper end of the slag-proof hinge.

6. The ultrasonic forming and grinding apparatus for mechanical parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The buffer seat includes a buffer base, and a buffer groove is provided in the middle of the buffer base, and a buffer rod and a spring are installed inside the buffer groove.

7. The ultrasonic forming and grinding apparatus for mechanical parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The right side of the collection pressure seat is equipped with a foot seat for inserting and fixing the various legs of multiple thermocouples after they extend outward. The foot seat includes a foot seat body, and the right end of the foot seat body has a grinding wheel movable through-hole that is horizontally aligned with the forming grinding wheel. The grinding wheel movable through-hole is trapezoidal in shape. Multiple foot through-holes for inserting the front ends of the various legs of multiple thermocouples are spaced apart on the side of the opening of the grinding wheel movable through-hole.

8. A method for using the ultrasonic forming and grinding apparatus for mechanical parts as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The processing method is as follows: First, install the mechanical parts onto the mechanical parts clamp at the output end of the amplitude transformer body, and ensure that it is coaxial with the ultrasonic vibration mechanism; Then, adjust the position of the temperature acquisition head according to the diameter of the mechanical parts so that the movable through-hole of the grinding wheel on the support can be positioned on the side of the grinding hole to be opened on the mechanical parts. Then, adjust the main body of the ultrasonic transmitter according to the test requirements so that the mechanical parts can obtain longitudinal vibration within the preset frequency range of 20-36kHz and the preset amplitude range of 0-6.4μm; Then, the grinding wheel driver body drives the forming grinding wheel to perform forming grinding on the vibrating mechanical parts at a preset spindle speed of 1000-5000 r / min and a preset feed speed of 0.4-1.2 m / min, with the radial feed controlled at 30μm; Then, during the grinding process, the force measuring system and grinding temperature acquisition device are started simultaneously. The grinding force and grinding temperature data under different parameter combinations are recorded in real time using the main body of the force measuring instrument and multiple thermocouples. This data is used for subsequent analysis of the mechanism by which ultrasonic vibration improves the grinding process.

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