A multi-dimensional security and stability constraint operation mode emergency disposal decision method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-dimensional safe stable constraint operation mode emergency disposal decision method and system, belong to power system stability prevention control technical field.The method includes: constructing synchronous generator motion equation;Run traditional optimal power flow to obtain initial operating point;Determine the set containing multiple types of faults;Transient simulation is carried out to the fault causing power angle stability problem and the stability margin is calculated;According to the fault type, construct transient power angle stability constraint and transient frequency stability constraint;The above constraint is embedded in the traditional optimal power flow model to obtain the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model;Solve the model and iteratively verify until system stability.The application reduces dimension by single-machine equivalent method and linearizes stability margin sensitivity, converts complex transient stability problem into solvable optimization problem, realizes the collaborative optimization of power angle and frequency safety, maximizes operation economy on the premise of ensuring system resistance to multiple fault types.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power system stability prevention and control technology, specifically relating to an emergency response decision-making method and system for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation modes. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the uncertainties of new energy sources, the low immunity and weak support of equipment, and the direct impact of frequent extreme weather events have made the system operating environment increasingly complex. This has led to a rapid increase in uncertainties regarding operating modes and anticipated faults in the analysis and control of new power systems, exacerbating the risks to system safety. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct research on emergency response decision-making for multi-dimensional safety and stability constrained operating modes under various fault conditions, in order to improve the ability of new power systems to prevent and resist various types of risk events.

[0003] However, the timescale of transient power angle and frequency stability security problems is on the order of seconds, usually characterized by a system of differential equations, while system operation optimization is a steady-state optimization problem on the order of 15 minutes to hours. How to coordinate system transient security and stability with steady-state operation, and achieve a balance between power system security, stability, and economy, is an urgent problem to be solved. Transient stability-constrained optimal operation, because it can analyze system economy and security within the same framework, has become an effective means to solve this problem. Within this research framework, scholars at home and abroad have conducted considerable research on Transient AngleStability Constrained Optimal Power Flow (TASC-OPF) and Transient Frequency Stability Constrained Optimal Scheduling (TFSC-OS). However, current research on transient security and stability-constrained optimal operation still has some limitations and is difficult to meet the security and stability requirements under the complex operating scenarios of new power systems: First, there is a lack of consideration for the coupling of multi-dimensional transient safety and stability constraints. Existing research on transient power angle stability constraint optimization and transient frequency stability constraint optimization are relatively independent, targeting different fault scenarios. Few studies consider the intertwined coupling relationship between transient power angle and frequency stability, making it difficult to adapt to the diverse fault scenarios required during power system transition. In power system operation, the generator operating point setting to prevent transient power angle instability affects the reservation of primary frequency regulation capacity, directly impacting the transient frequency safety of the system after disturbances. Furthermore, drastic changes in system frequency may lead to grid disconnection of renewable energy equipment or synchronous motor control misalignment, triggering transient power angle problems.

[0004] Secondly, there is a lack of consideration for multiple types of fault scenarios. Existing transient stability constraint optimization frameworks are mostly designed for single types of faults (such as power angle stability control specifically for short-circuit faults, and frequency stability control for unit tripping / faults), which are difficult to adapt to the diversified and complex fault scenarios of new power systems, and the effectiveness of the decisions made is difficult to guarantee. There is an urgent need to carry out research on emergency response decision-making for multi-dimensional (transient power angle, frequency) safety and stability constraint operation modes adapted to multiple types of fault conditions, so as to improve the system's ability to cope with multiple types of faults. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing an emergency response decision-making method and system for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation modes. By constructing transient power angle stability constraints and transient frequency stability constraints and embedding them into the optimal power flow model, the operation mode is adjusted. Under the premise of ensuring the safety and stability of the system in the event of a anticipated accident, the system's operational economy is maximized. This invention addresses the technical problem that existing transient stability constraint optimization methods lack consideration of the coupling relationship between power angle and frequency multi-dimensional safety constraints and are difficult to adapt to the complex scenarios of multiple types of faults in new power systems. As a result, the formulated operation mode has safety blind spots or poor economy when facing compound faults, thus improving the power system's ability to prevent different types of faults.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: An emergency response decision-making method for a multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode includes the following steps: S1. Construct the equations of motion for synchronous generators in a power system at per-unit values; S2. Run the traditional optimal power flow calculation program to obtain the initial running point; S3. Determine the set of faults that includes multiple types of faults; S4. Determine whether there is a fault in the fault set that causes the power angle stability problem. If so, perform transient simulation based on the initial operating point and the motion equation to obtain the power angle change data after the system fault. S5. For the fault that causes the power angle instability problem, establish a single-machine infinite bus model according to the single-machine equivalent method, and calculate the system stability margin based on the power angle change data. S6. Construct transient safety and stability constraints based on the fault types in the fault set, and embed the transient safety and stability constraints into the traditional optimal power flow model to obtain the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model. Wherein, if the fault type is a fault that causes power angle stability problems, then a transient power angle stability constraint is constructed based on the system stability margin; if the fault type is a fault that causes frequency stability problems, then a transient frequency stability constraint is constructed. S7. Solve the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model to obtain the system operating point, and perform transient stability simulation verification on the system operating point; if the system does not reach a stable state, repeat steps S5 to S6 and verify again until the system reaches a stable state.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the expression for the equation of motion is:

[0008] in, , , , and They represent motors i The rotor angle, angular velocity, coefficient of inertia, mechanical power of the prime mover, and electromagnetic power of the generator. For the system's power frequency angular velocity, This represents the number of generators in the system.

[0009] Preferably, in step S2, the traditional optimal power flow calculation uses minimizing power generation cost as the objective function, and the constraints include node active power balance equations, node reactive power balance equations, node voltage magnitude constraints, active power output constraints, and reactive power output constraints, as detailed below: Objective function:

[0010] Active and reactive power balance equations at nodes:

[0011]

[0012] Node voltage amplitude, active power output, and reactive power output constraints:

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] in, For nodes The coefficient of the quadratic term in the quadratic function of the generator's power generation cost. For nodes The coefficient of the first term in the quadratic function of the generator's power generation cost. For nodes The constant term of the quadratic function of generator power generation cost. This represents the total number of generator nodes participating in the optimal power flow calculation in the power system. For nodes The reactive power output of the generator. For nodes The lower limit of the voltage amplitude at that point. For nodes The upper limit of the voltage amplitude at that point, For nodes The lower limit of the active power output of the generator. For nodes The upper limit of the active power output of the generator. This represents the lower limit of the reactive power output of the generator at node i. For nodes The upper limit of the reactive power output of the generator. Representing nodes respectively The active and reactive power output of the generator and the active and reactive power load power. For nodes Voltage amplitude and phase angle at the point, For the line ij The phase angle difference of the voltages across the node, For nodes j Voltage amplitude at that point The lines are respectively ij Its electrical conductivity and susceptivity.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, determining the fault set containing multiple types of faults specifically includes: The faults are screened based on their probability of occurrence and their harm to the system; the resulting fault set includes single-type faults or combinations of different types of faults; the single-type faults include three-phase grounding faults or generator set faults; the combinations of different types of faults include combinations of faults that cause transient power angle problems and faults that cause frequency safety problems.

[0017] Preferably, in step S5, the step of establishing a single-machine infinite bus model based on the single-machine equivalent method specifically includes: The generators in the system are divided into critical and non-critical groups; the equivalent power angle and equivalent angular velocity of the critical and non-critical groups are calculated; based on the equivalent power angle and equivalent angular velocity, the equivalent mechanical power and equivalent electromagnetic power of the single-machine infinite bus model are calculated, and thus the acceleration power is obtained.

[0018] Preferably, in step S5, the stability margin of the computational system specifically includes the handling of the following three cases: When the trajectory of a single-machine infinite bus system satisfies the instability condition and the angular velocity is zero, the instability margin is calculated using the difference between the deceleration area and the acceleration area. When the system is stable and the area of ​​the deceleration region of the power angle characteristic is larger than the area of ​​the acceleration region, the stability margin is calculated using the angular velocity and acceleration power that meet the preset stability conditions. When the mechanical power and electromagnetic power of a single-machine infinite bus system have no intersection, the stability margin is calculated using a preset formula.

[0019] Preferably, in step S6, the construction of transient power angle stability constraints based on the system stability margin specifically includes: A functional relationship is constructed between the system stability margin and the mechanical power of the synchronous generator; the functional relationship is expanded in first order at the initial operating point to obtain a transient power angle stability constraint expression that includes the sensitivity coefficient of the stability margin to the mechanical power of the synchronous generator; wherein, the sensitivity coefficient is calculated using corresponding formulas according to general instability, stable conditions or extremely unstable conditions, or described by differential-algebraic equations of the dynamic characteristics of the power system and solved using numerical methods.

[0020] Preferably, in step S6, the construction of transient frequency stability constraints specifically includes: Obtain the amplitude of primary frequency regulation reserve, power deficit, system power frequency, minimum frequency, and dead zone frequency at the node; based on the amplitude of primary frequency regulation reserve, power deficit, system power frequency, minimum frequency, and dead zone frequency, construct a frequency stability constraint formula.

[0021] Preferably, in step S6, the obtained transient stability-constrained optimal power flow model includes the following two forms: The first type of model embeds the transient power angle stability constraint. The objective function is to minimize the generation cost. The constraints include the node active and reactive power balance equation, node voltage amplitude constraint, active power output constraint, reactive power output constraint, and the transient power angle stability constraint. The second type of model embeds both the transient power angle stability constraint and the transient frequency stability constraint. The objective function includes the generation cost and the primary frequency regulation reserve cost. The constraints include the node active and reactive power balance equation, the node voltage amplitude constraint, the active power output constraint, the reactive power output constraint, the transient power angle stability constraint, and the transient frequency stability constraint.

[0022] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide an emergency response decision-making system for a multi-dimensional safe and stable constrained operation mode, comprising: The equation module is used to construct the motion equations of synchronous generators in a power system at per-unit values. The initial module is used to run a traditional optimal power flow calculation program to obtain the initial running point; The fault module is used to identify a fault set that includes multiple types of faults; The power angle module is used to determine whether there is a fault in the fault set that causes a power angle instability problem. If so, transient simulation is performed based on the initial operating point and the motion equation to obtain power angle change data after the system fault. The margin module is used to establish a single-machine infinite bus model based on the single-machine equivalent method for the fault that causes the power angle instability problem, and to calculate the system stability margin based on the power angle change data. The constraint module is used to construct transient safety and stability constraints based on the fault types in the fault set, and to embed the transient safety and stability constraints into the traditional optimal power flow model to obtain a transient stability constraint optimal power flow model; wherein, if the fault type is a fault that causes power angle stability problems, then transient power angle stability constraints are constructed based on the system stability margin; if the fault type is a fault that causes frequency stability problems, then transient frequency stability constraints are constructed. The decision module is used to solve the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model to obtain the system operating point, and to perform transient stability simulation verification on the system operating point; if the system does not reach a stable state, the margin module and constraint module are controlled to work repeatedly and the verification is performed again until the system reaches a stable state.

[0023] Thirdly, a computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-mentioned emergency response decision-making method for multidimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode.

[0024] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium including a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the above-described emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode.

[0025] Fifthly, a chip includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-mentioned multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode emergency response decision-making method.

[0026] Sixthly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by the electronic device, it implements the steps of the above-mentioned emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: An emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constrained operation modes unifies two types of safety indicators—transient power angle stability and frequency stability—which have different time scales and different physical mechanisms, into solvable algebraic constraints and embeds them into the OPF model. Through an iterative mechanism, this method can automatically identify the instability risk at the initial operating point under anticipated faults and dynamically adjust generator output using stability margin sensitivity until the system simultaneously satisfies economic efficiency and multi-dimensional safety. This "prevention control + online correction" strategy not only solves the complex stability problems caused by the coupling of multiple types of faults in new power systems, but also avoids the high cost and high risk of traditional post-event emergency control, realizing the system's proactive defense capability under extreme operating conditions and significantly improving the resilience of the power grid to complex faults such as three-phase short circuits and unit tripping.

[0028] Furthermore, the dynamic relationship between the motor rotor angle, angular velocity, mechanical power, and electromagnetic power was precisely characterized, providing a precise mathematical basis for subsequent transient simulations. Compared to traditional unstandardized equations of motion, the per-unit form eliminates the dimensional differences in parameters across different units, improving the universality and accuracy of simulation calculations and enabling adaptation to power systems composed of synchronous generators of different capacities and types. Directly correlated with the core operating parameters of the generator, it can accurately reflect the dynamic response of the motor after a fault, laying a precise model foundation for the acquisition of power angle change data and subsequent stability margin calculations, ensuring the reliability of subsequent transient simulation results, and serving as the core dynamic support for the entire decision-making method.

[0029] Furthermore, with the goal of minimizing generation costs, the initial operating point is solved by considering multiple constraints such as node active / reactive power balance, voltage amplitude, and output. This ensures both the economic efficiency of the initial operating state and compliance with the basic rules of steady-state power system operation. Serving as the baseline state for subsequent fault simulation and constraint optimization, this addresses the lack of economic considerations in existing simulation baselines. Simultaneously, the clearly defined constraints ensure that the initial operating point meets the actual operating limits of the power system, avoiding invalid solutions in subsequent optimization processes and guaranteeing the continuity of the decision-making process.

[0030] Furthermore, the screening principles and typological composition of fault sets were clarified. Screening was based on the probability of fault occurrence and the degree of system hazard, ensuring the practicality and relevance of the fault sets, avoiding meaningless fault analysis, and improving decision-making efficiency. At the same time, faults were classified into single-type and composite-type faults, precisely matching the diverse and complex characteristics of faults in new power systems, and overcoming the limitations of existing technologies that only designed solutions for single faults.

[0031] Furthermore, the stability problem of a system of differential equations, which is difficult to solve directly through optimization, is transformed into an intuitive single-machine energy balance problem. This significantly reduces computational complexity, improves the real-time performance of online decision-making, and preserves the essential characteristics of the system's instability modes.

[0032] Furthermore, the calculation method for system stability margin was refined for different stable operating conditions. Calculation methods were designed for three scenarios: general instability, stability, and extreme instability. This accurately adapts to different transient power angle response states after power system faults, solving the problem that existing margin calculation methods are singular and cannot cover all operating conditions. Based on the equal area criterion, the calculation method transforms the physical essence of transient power angle stability into a quantifiable area difference, realizing the quantitative calculation of stability margin and providing a quantifiable basis for the subsequent construction of transient power angle stability constraints.

[0033] Furthermore, based on the functional relationship between stability margin and synchronous machine mechanical power, a constraint expression is obtained through first-order Taylor expansion, realizing the linearization transformation of transient power angle stability constraints and solving the technical problem of embedding nonlinear transient constraints into the OPF model. Simultaneously, sensitivity coefficients are calculated according to different operating conditions, allowing the constraint expression to accurately adapt to different transient stability states, thus improving the pertinence of the constraints.

[0034] Furthermore, the engineering requirements for frequency stability are transformed into quantifiable mathematical constraints that can be directly embedded into the optimal power flow model, solving the problem of separation between frequency stability control and power flow optimization in existing technologies. Simultaneously, actual operating parameters such as primary frequency regulation reserve, frequency dead zone, and minimum value are incorporated, making the constraints more closely aligned with the actual operating rules of power system frequency regulation. The constructed constraints can effectively ensure that the system frequency remains within safe limits after a fault, avoiding problems such as renewable energy disconnection and synchronous motor control misalignment caused by drastic frequency fluctuations, thus improving the system's resilience to frequency faults.

[0035] Furthermore, the first type of model retains the objective of minimizing power generation costs, adapts to single power angle faults, and reduces power generation costs as much as possible while ensuring power angle stability. The second type of model incorporates primary frequency regulation reserve costs, adapts to complex faults, and achieves a balance between power angle and frequency stability and dual optimization of power generation and reserve costs. Both models are based on the traditional OPF model with embedded transient constraints, ensuring model compatibility and solution efficiency, solving the problem of difficulty in integrating transient constraints and power flow optimization in existing technologies, and realizing personalized coordinated optimization of transient safety and stability and system economy under different fault scenarios.

[0036] It is understood that the beneficial effects of the second to sixth aspects mentioned above can be found in the relevant descriptions in the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.

[0037] In summary, this invention achieves coordinated optimization of power angle and frequency safety by constructing a multidimensional stability constraint-embedded OPF model. Dimensionality reduction improves computational efficiency, case-specific margin calculations ensure accuracy, linearized constraints enable rapid solutions, and multi-fault scenario coverage enhances robustness. Ultimately, while ensuring the system's ability to withstand complex faults, it maximizes operational economy, solving the dilemma of balancing safety and efficiency.

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the clustering process using the SIME method. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equal area rule; Figure 3 This is a quasi-linear relationship between the system's initial power angle and stability margin. Figure 4 The diagram shows the system frequency response under the action of the speed controller. Figure 5 A conservative estimate of the climbing ability of the motor speed controller; Figure 6 Here is the flowchart for the TSC-OPF2 program; Figure 7 This is a diagram of the IEEE 10-machine, 39-node system architecture. Figure 8 The frequency response diagram is for simulation verification; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a block diagram of a chip according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0040] Among them, 60. Computer equipment; 61. Processor; 62. Memory; 63. Computer program; 600. Electronic device; 610. Processing unit; 620. Storage unit; 6201. Random access memory unit; 6202. Cache memory unit; 6203. Read-only memory unit; 6204. Program / utility; 6205. Program module; 630. Bus; 640. Display unit; 650. Input / output interface; 660. Network adapter; 700. External device. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0043] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0044] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this invention generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" relationship.

[0045] It should be understood that although terms such as first, second, third, etc., may be used in the embodiments of the present invention to describe the preset range, these preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the preset ranges from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present invention, the first preset range may also be referred to as the second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range may also be referred to as the first preset range.

[0046] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used here can be interpreted as "when," "when," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrase "if determination" or "if detection (of the stated condition or event)" can be interpreted as "when determination," "in response to determination," "when detection (of the stated condition or event)," or "in response to detection (of the stated condition or event)."

[0047] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0048] This invention provides an emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation modes. First, it overcomes the limitations of separate analysis of power angle and frequency stability by coupling multi-dimensional constraints, considering their coupling relationship to construct an integrated transient safety and stability constraint. Second, it adapts to multiple fault scenarios by screening and forming a fault set containing single / compound faults, and constructs targeted constraints for different fault types to adapt to the diverse fault characteristics of new power systems. Third, it coordinates transient and steady-state conditions by embedding quantitative transient constraints based on stability margin into the traditional optimal power flow model, achieving unified optimization of second-level transient safety and minute-level steady-state economy. Fourth, it iterative optimization verification forms a closed loop through simulation verification and constraint iterative updates to ensure the effectiveness of the decision-making scheme. This invention effectively solves the problems of isolated constraints, single fault scenarios, and disconnect between transient and steady-state conditions in existing technologies. Simulation verification shows that it can maximize power generation economy while ensuring the safety and stability of the system under multiple types of faults, avoiding excessive adjustments to power generation plans, and significantly improving the safe operation and emergency response capabilities of new power systems.

[0049] Please see Figure 11 This invention provides an emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation modes, comprising the following steps: S1. Construct the equations of motion for synchronous generators in a power system at per-unit values; (1) in, , , , and They represent motors i The rotor angle, angular velocity, coefficient of inertia, mechanical power of the prime mover, and electromagnetic power of the generator. For the system's power frequency angular velocity, This represents the number of generators in the system.

[0050] S2. Run the traditional optimal power flow calculation program to obtain the initial running point; The traditional OPF model expression is as follows: The objective function is to minimize the power generation cost, as follows: (2) Equations (3)-(4) are the active and reactive power balance equations at the nodes, as follows: (3) (4) Equations (5)-(7) represent the node voltage amplitude, active power output, and reactive power output constraints, respectively, as follows: (5) (6) (7) in, Representing nodes respectively i The active and reactive power output of the generator and the active and reactive load power. For nodes i Voltage amplitude and phase angle at the point, For the line ij The phase angle difference of the voltages across the node, The lines are respectively ij Its electrical conductivity and susceptivity.

[0051] S3. Determine the set containing multiple types of faults; A fault set is formed by filtering faults based on their probability of occurrence and the harm they cause to the system. This fault set may contain a single type of fault or different types of faults.

[0052] S4. If the fault set includes faults that cause power angle stability problems, perform transient simulation at the initial operating point obtained in step S2 to obtain power angle change data of the system after the fault occurs. S5. Establish a single-machine infinite bus (OMIB) model based on the single-machine equivalent method (SIME) and calculate the stability margin; S501. After obtaining the power angle change data, the motors in the system are grouped, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shows that generators with rapidly changing power angles and asynchronous operation with other generators are classified as "critical generator groups" (CMs), while the remaining generators are classified as "non-critical generator groups" (NMs).

[0053] The equivalent work angle for critical and noncritical machine groups is: (8) (9) in, and These are the equivalent power angles for critical and noncritical machine groups, respectively. , Similarly, the equivalent angular velocities of critical and non-critical clusters are also expressed as: (10) (11) The equivalent OMIB work angle and angular velocity are expressed as: (12) (13) The formulas for calculating the equivalent mechanical power and electromagnetic power of OMIB are as follows: (14) (15) in, From equations (14) and (15), the accelerating power of the OMIB system can be obtained as follows: (16) According to the equal area criterion, the stability margin of the system is defined as follows: (17) in, , Represent Figure 2 shown The deceleration and acceleration areas in the curve. When When the value is less than zero, the system's acceleration energy is greater than its deceleration energy, and the system is unstable. When the value is greater than zero, the system's acceleration energy is less than its deceleration energy, and the system is stable.

[0054] S502, Assume the system is in t A fault occurred at time 0. Fault removal at all times, subscript r and u The values ​​represent the parameter values ​​when the system is stable and unstable, respectively. The stability margin calculation method under different conditions is obtained according to equation (17).

[0055] 3) General instability When the trajectory of the OMIB system satisfies (18) and When the system is unstable, the formula for calculating the system's instability margin is: (19) 2) Stability When the system is stable, the area of ​​the deceleration region of the power angle characteristic is larger than the area of ​​the acceleration region. At this time, the angular velocity and acceleration power of the OMIB satisfy the following condition: (20) The formula for calculating the stability margin of the system is as follows: (twenty one) 3) Extremely unstable situation When the mechanical power and electromagnetic power of the OMIB system have no intersection, equation (19) no longer applies. It can be calculated by equation (22) replace.

[0056] (twenty two) S6. Based on the fault type, construct corresponding transient safety and stability constraints.

[0057] S601. If the OMIB system calculated in step S6 is unstable in power angle under fault conditions, then it is necessary to construct transient power angle stability constraints. Using transient power angle stability constraints based on stability margin sensitivity, the functional expression of the system stability margin and the synchronous machine mechanical power is first constructed as follows: (twenty three) in: .

[0058] Equations (19) and (21) are applied at the initial running point. Performing a first-order Taylor expansion at that point, we obtain... (twenty four) (25) Ignoring higher-order terms, the transient work angle stability constraint can be obtained as follows: (26) in: To ensure stability at the initial operating point Synchronous generator s The sensitivity coefficient of mechanical power. The expression for calculating this coefficient under different conditions is as follows: 1) General instability (27) (28) 2) Stability (29) (30) (31) (32) 3) Extremely unstable situation (33) The formula for calculating the sensitivity coefficient under different conditions , It cannot be obtained through analytical expressions, but it can be solved through the dynamic characteristics of the power system.

[0059] The dynamic characteristics of the power system can be described by the differential-algebraic equations of equations (34) and (35). (34) (35) in, For system state variable vectors, such as rotor angle angular velocity wait, These are vectors of algebraic variables, such as the voltage magnitude and phase angle at each node. These are system parameter variables.

[0060] Find the equation about both sides The partial derivatives of the partial derivatives yield the partial derivatives of ... and of ; (36) (37) Differences between equations (34) and (37) are obtained using the trapezoidal method: (38) (39) (40) (41) in, h Representing the integration step size, the solutions to equations (38) and (39) can be obtained using Newton's method. Then, by solving the system of linear equations (42), we can obtain... and The value of .

[0061] (42) S602. If there are faults in the fault cluster that cause system frequency instability problems, then frequency stability constraints need to be constructed.

[0062] (43) (44) in, For nodes i One frequency modulation standby, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, This represents the magnitude of the power deficit. , and These are the system power frequency, minimum frequency, and dead zone frequency, respectively.

[0063] S603. Embed the transient power angle and frequency stability constraints constructed in the above steps into the traditional OPF model to obtain the following three types of transient stability constraint OPF models.

[0064] (TSC-OPF 1) (45) (3)-(7)(46) (47) (TSC-OPF 2) (48) (3)-(7)(49) (50) (51) (52) (53) It should be noted that TSC-OPF1 is an OPF model with embedded transient power angle stability constraints based on stability margin sensitivity, and its program flowchart is as follows. Figure 6 As shown. TSC-OPF2 is an OPF model that incorporates transient power angle stability constraints and transient frequency stability constraints based on stability margin sensitivity. The objective function of TSC-OPF2 includes... This is the backup cost coefficient for primary frequency regulation.

[0065] Please see Figure 3 The horizontal axis represents the initial power angle of each generator in the system, and the vertical axis represents the transient power angle stability margin of the system calculated based on the equal area criterion. The curves in the figure show a clear quasi-linear positive correlation, that is, when the initial power angle of the system increases within a reasonable range, the transient power angle stability margin of the system shows an approximately linear increasing trend. Moreover, within the power angle range applicable to actual engineering, this quasi-linear relationship remains good and there is no obvious nonlinear distortion.

[0066] S7. Solve for the system operating point based on the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model constructed in step S6, and perform transient stability simulation to verify whether the system has transitioned from the unstable state after the fault to the stable state. If not, repeat steps S5-S6 and perform verification again until the control system reaches stability.

[0067] In another embodiment of the present invention, an emergency response decision system for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode is provided. This system can be used to implement the above-mentioned emergency response decision method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode. Specifically, the emergency response decision system for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode includes an equation module, an initialization module, a fault module, a power angle module, a margin module, a constraint module, and a decision module.

[0068] Among them, the equation module is used to construct the motion equations of synchronous generators in the power system at per-unit values; The initial module is used to run a traditional optimal power flow calculation program to obtain the initial running point; The fault module is used to identify a fault set that includes multiple types of faults; The power angle module is used to determine whether there is a fault in the fault set that causes a power angle instability problem. If so, transient simulation is performed based on the initial operating point and the motion equation to obtain power angle change data after the system fault. The margin module is used to establish a single-machine infinite bus model based on the single-machine equivalent method for the fault that causes the power angle instability problem, and to calculate the system stability margin based on the power angle change data. The constraint module is used to construct transient safety and stability constraints based on the fault types in the fault set, and to embed the transient safety and stability constraints into the traditional optimal power flow model to obtain a transient stability constraint optimal power flow model; wherein, if the fault type is a fault that causes power angle stability problems, then transient power angle stability constraints are constructed based on the system stability margin; if the fault type is a fault that causes frequency stability problems, then transient frequency stability constraints are constructed. The decision module is used to solve the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model to obtain the system operating point, and to perform transient stability simulation verification on the system operating point; if the system does not reach a stable state, the margin module and constraint module are controlled to work repeatedly and the verification is performed again until the system reaches a stable state.

[0069] This invention provides a terminal device comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, graphics processing units (GPUs), tensor processing units (TPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to achieve corresponding method flows or corresponding functions. The processor described in this embodiment can be used in the operation of an emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation modes, including: The process involves: constructing the equations of motion for synchronous generators in a power system at per-unit values; obtaining an initial operating point by running a traditional optimal power flow calculation program; determining a fault set containing various types of faults; determining whether any fault in the fault set causes a power angle stability problem; if so, performing transient simulation based on the initial operating point and the equations of motion to obtain power angle change data after the system fault; for the fault causing the power angle stability problem, establishing a single-unit infinite bus model using the single-unit equivalent method, and calculating the system stability margin based on the power angle change data; constructing transient safety and stability constraints based on the fault types in the fault set, and embedding these constraints into the traditional optimal power flow model to obtain a transient stability constraint optimal power flow model; wherein, if the fault type causes a power angle stability problem, constructing transient power angle stability constraints based on the system stability margin; if the fault type causes a frequency stability problem, constructing transient frequency stability constraints; solving the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model to obtain the system operating point, and performing transient stability simulation verification on the system operating point; if the system does not reach a stable state, repeating the process and verifying again until the system reaches a stable state.

[0070] Please see Figure 9The terminal device is a computer device. In this embodiment, the computer device 60 includes a processor 61, a memory 62, and a computer program 63 stored in the memory 62 and executable on the processor 61. When executed by the processor 61, the computer program 63 implements the emergency response decision-making method for the multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode in this embodiment. To avoid repetition, these details are not elaborated here. Alternatively, when executed by the processor 61, the computer program 63 implements the functions of each model / unit in the emergency response decision-making system for the multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode in this embodiment. To avoid repetition, these details are not elaborated here.

[0071] Computer device 60 can be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, cloud server, or other computing device. Computer device 60 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 61 and a memory 62. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 9 This is merely an example of computer device 60 and does not constitute a limitation on computer device 60. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, computer device may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0072] The processor 61 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, graphics processing units (GPUs), tensor processing units (TPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0073] The memory 62 can be an internal storage unit of the computer device 60, such as a hard disk or memory of the computer device 60. The memory 62 can also be an external storage device of the computer device 60, such as a plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc. equipped on the computer device 60.

[0074] Furthermore, the memory 62 may include both internal storage units of the computer device 60 and external storage devices. The memory 62 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the computer device. The memory 62 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0075] Please see Figure 10 The terminal device is an electronic device 600, which is manifested in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device may include, but are not limited to: at least one processing unit 610, at least one storage unit 620, a bus 630 connecting different platform components (including storage unit 620 and processing unit 610), a display unit 640, etc.

[0076] The storage unit stores program code, which can be executed by the processing unit 610 to perform the steps described in the method section of this specification according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For example, the processing unit 610 can perform actions such as... Figure 11 The steps are shown in the figure.

[0077] Storage unit 620 may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile storage unit, such as random access memory (RAM) 6201 and / or cache memory 6202, and may further include a read-only memory (ROM) 6203.

[0078] Storage unit 620 may also include a program / utility 6204 having a set (at least one) program module 6205, such program module 6205 including but not limited to: operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules and program data, each or some combination of these examples may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0079] Bus 630 can represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory cell bus or memory cell controller, a peripheral bus, a graphics acceleration port, a processing unit, or a local bus using any of the multiple bus structures.

[0080] Electronic device 600 can also communicate with one or more external devices 700 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, Bluetooth device, etc.), and with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with electronic device 600, and / or with any device that enables electronic device 600 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., router, modem). This communication can be performed via input / output interface 650. Furthermore, electronic device 600 can also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., local area network, wide area network, and / or public network, such as the Internet) via network adapter 660. Network adapter 660 can communicate with other modules of electronic device 600 via bus 630. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figures, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with electronic device 600, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage platforms.

[0081] This invention also provides a storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium, which is a memory device in a terminal device for storing programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both built-in storage media in the terminal device and extended storage media supported by the terminal device; it can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor, which can be one or more computer programs (including program code). More specific examples of the computer-readable storage medium include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random access memory, read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory, optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0082] Computer-readable storage media also include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying readable program code. Such propagated data signals can take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable storage medium can also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium that can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the readable storage medium can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical fiber, radio frequency, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0083] Program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can execute entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's computing device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving remote computing devices, the remote computing device can be connected to the user's computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0084] One or more instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by a processor to implement the corresponding steps of the emergency response decision-making method for the multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode in the above embodiments; one or more instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are loaded and executed by the processor in the following steps: The process involves: constructing the equations of motion for synchronous generators in a power system at per-unit values; obtaining an initial operating point by running a traditional optimal power flow calculation program; determining a fault set containing various types of faults; determining whether any fault in the fault set causes a power angle stability problem; if so, performing transient simulation based on the initial operating point and the equations of motion to obtain power angle change data after the system fault; for the fault causing the power angle stability problem, establishing a single-unit infinite bus model using the single-unit equivalent method, and calculating the system stability margin based on the power angle change data; constructing transient safety and stability constraints based on the fault types in the fault set, and embedding these constraints into the traditional optimal power flow model to obtain a transient stability constraint optimal power flow model; wherein, if the fault type causes a power angle stability problem, constructing transient power angle stability constraints based on the system stability margin; if the fault type causes a frequency stability problem, constructing transient frequency stability constraints; solving the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model to obtain the system operating point, and performing transient stability simulation verification on the system operating point; if the system does not reach a stable state, repeating the process and verifying again until the system reaches a stable state.

[0085] The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0086] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0087] Please see Figure 7 The IEEE 10-machine 39-node system was used as the test system. Transient power angle stability simulation was performed using the PST toolbox in MATLAB, and system frequency response simulation was performed using the MATLAB / Simulink simulation platform. Three contingency scenarios were considered: contingency scenarios a and b primarily cause transient power angle problems, while contingency scenario c causes frequency security problems.

[0088] a. A three-phase ground fault occurred on line 25-26 near system node 25 at t=0.01s, and line 25-26 was disconnected and the fault was cleared at t=0.35s.

[0089] b. A three-phase ground fault occurred on line 28-29 near system node 28 at t=0.01s, and line 28-29 was disconnected and the fault was cleared at t=0.35s.

[0090] c. The system suddenly experienced a power deficit of 200MW. Table 1 shows the TSC-OPF1 calculation results under a single anticipated fault (a). Table 1 also shows the TSC-OPF2 calculation results under multiple anticipated faults (a, b). Table 2 shows the iterative TSC-OPF2 calculation results under anticipated faults (a, c). The frequency response diagram is as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0091] Table 1. TSC-OPF1 Calculation Results under Multiple Anticipated Faults {a,b}

[0092] Table 2. Calculation results of TSC-OPF2 under multiple anticipated faults {a, c}

[0093] As can be seen from the above results, the present invention (based on TSC-OPF2) integrates transient power angle and frequency stability constraints, and the proposed emergency response decision scheme for operation mode can comprehensively consider the stability of the system under different types of fault conditions, so that the system can ensure the economy of the system and avoid excessive adjustment of the power generation plan under the condition of satisfying multi-dimensional safety and stability constraints.

[0094] In summary, this invention provides an emergency response decision-making method and system for multi-dimensional safety and stability constrained operation modes, effectively solving the challenge of coordinating safety, stability, and economic operation in new power systems under the coupling of multiple types of faults. By transforming transient power angle and frequency stability indices into algebraic constraints embedded in the optimal power flow model, it achieves a shift from reactive emergency control to proactive preventative control. Employing SIME dimensionality reduction and sensitivity linearization techniques significantly improves computational speed and convergence, enabling online generation of operation modes that balance economy and safety. Simulation results show that, when facing complex faults such as three-phase short circuits and unit tripping, it can automatically adjust generator output and reserve distribution, eliminating instability risks, avoiding large-scale power outages, and minimizing generation and reserve costs, significantly improving the resilience of the power grid in the face of extreme events and the scientific nature of emergency response decisions.

[0095] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0096] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this invention can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0098] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / terminals and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / terminal embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0099] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0100] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0101] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a random-access memory (RAM), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunication signal, and a software distribution medium, etc.

[0102] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus, and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0103] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0104] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0105] The above content is only for illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications made to the technical solution based on the technical concept proposed in this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. An emergency response decision-making method for a multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Construct the equations of motion for synchronous generators in a power system at per-unit values; S2. Run the traditional optimal power flow calculation program to obtain the initial running point; S3. Determine the set of faults that includes multiple types of faults; S4. Determine whether there is a fault in the fault set that causes the power angle stability problem. If so, perform transient simulation based on the initial operating point and the motion equation to obtain the power angle change data after the system fault. S5. For the fault that causes the power angle instability problem, establish a single-machine infinite bus model according to the single-machine equivalent method, and calculate the system stability margin based on the power angle change data. S6. Construct transient safety and stability constraints based on the fault types in the fault set, and embed the transient safety and stability constraints into the traditional optimal power flow model to obtain the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model. Wherein, if the fault type is a fault that causes power angle stability problems, then a transient power angle stability constraint is constructed based on the system stability margin; if the fault type is a fault that causes frequency stability problems, then a transient frequency stability constraint is constructed. S7. Solve the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model to obtain the system operating point, and perform transient stability simulation verification on the system operating point; if the system does not reach a stable state, repeat steps S5 to S6 and verify again until the system reaches a stable state.

2. The emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the expression for the equation of motion is: in, , , , and They represent motors i The rotor angle, angular velocity, coefficient of inertia, mechanical power of the prime mover, and electromagnetic power of the generator. For the system's power frequency angular velocity, This represents the number of generators in the system.

3. The emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the traditional optimal power flow calculation uses minimizing generation cost as the objective function. The constraints include node active power balance equations, node reactive power balance equations, node voltage magnitude constraints, active power output constraints, and reactive power output constraints, as detailed below: Objective function: Active and reactive power balance equations at nodes: Node voltage amplitude, active power output, and reactive power output constraints: in, For nodes The coefficient of the quadratic term in the quadratic function of the generator's power generation cost. For nodes The coefficient of the first term in the quadratic function of the generator's power generation cost. For nodes The constant term of the quadratic function of generator power generation cost. This represents the total number of generator nodes participating in the optimal power flow calculation in the power system. For nodes The reactive power output of the generator. For nodes The lower limit of the voltage amplitude at that point. For nodes The upper limit of the voltage amplitude at that point, For nodes The lower limit of the active power output of the generator. For nodes The upper limit of the active power output of the generator. This represents the lower limit of the reactive power output of the generator at node i. For nodes The upper limit of the reactive power output of the generator. Representing nodes respectively The active and reactive power output of the generator and the active and reactive power load power. For nodes Voltage amplitude and phase angle at the point, For the line ij The phase angle difference of the voltages across the node, For nodes j Voltage amplitude at that point The lines are respectively ij Its electrical conductivity and susceptivity.

4. The emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, determining the fault set containing multiple types of faults specifically includes: The faults are screened based on their probability of occurrence and their harm to the system; the resulting fault set includes single-type faults or combinations of different types of faults; the single-type faults include three-phase grounding faults or generator set faults; the combinations of different types of faults include combinations of faults that cause transient power angle problems and faults that cause frequency safety problems.

5. The emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, establishing the single-machine infinite bus model based on the single-machine equivalent method specifically includes: The generators in the system are divided into critical and non-critical groups; the equivalent power angle and equivalent angular velocity of the critical and non-critical groups are calculated; based on the equivalent power angle and equivalent angular velocity, the equivalent mechanical power and equivalent electromagnetic power of the single-machine infinite bus model are calculated, and thus the acceleration power is obtained.

6. The emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the calculation of the system stability margin specifically includes the handling of the following three cases: When the trajectory of a single-machine infinite bus system satisfies the instability condition and the angular velocity is zero, the instability margin is calculated using the difference between the deceleration area and the acceleration area. When the system is stable and the area of ​​the deceleration region of the power angle characteristic is larger than the area of ​​the acceleration region, the stability margin is calculated using the angular velocity and acceleration power that meet the preset stability conditions. When the mechanical power and electromagnetic power of a single-machine infinite bus system have no intersection, the stability margin is calculated using a preset formula.

7. The emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the construction of transient power angle stability constraints based on the system stability margin specifically includes: A functional relationship is constructed between the system stability margin and the mechanical power of the synchronous generator; the functional relationship is expanded in first order at the initial operating point to obtain a transient power angle stability constraint expression that includes the sensitivity coefficient of the stability margin to the mechanical power of the synchronous generator; wherein, the sensitivity coefficient is calculated using corresponding formulas according to general instability, stable conditions or extremely unstable conditions, or described by differential-algebraic equations of the dynamic characteristics of the power system and solved using numerical methods.

8. The emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safe and stable constrained operation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the construction of transient frequency stability constraints specifically includes: Obtain the amplitude of primary frequency regulation reserve, power deficit, system power frequency, minimum frequency, and dead zone frequency at the node; based on the amplitude of primary frequency regulation reserve, power deficit, system power frequency, minimum frequency, and dead zone frequency, construct a frequency stability constraint formula.

9. The emergency response decision-making method for multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the obtained transient stability-constrained optimal power flow model includes the following two forms: The first type of model embeds the transient power angle stability constraint. The objective function is to minimize the generation cost. The constraints include the node active and reactive power balance equation, node voltage amplitude constraint, active power output constraint, reactive power output constraint, and the transient power angle stability constraint. The second type of model embeds both the transient power angle stability constraint and the transient frequency stability constraint. The objective function includes the generation cost and the primary frequency regulation reserve cost. The constraints include the node active and reactive power balance equation, the node voltage amplitude constraint, the active power output constraint, the reactive power output constraint, the transient power angle stability constraint, and the transient frequency stability constraint.

10. An emergency response decision-making system with multi-dimensional safety and stability constraint operation mode, characterized in that, include: The equation module is used to construct the motion equations of synchronous generators in a power system at per-unit values. The initial module is used to run a traditional optimal power flow calculation program to obtain the initial running point; The fault module is used to identify a fault set that includes multiple types of faults; The power angle module is used to determine whether there is a fault in the fault set that causes a power angle instability problem. If so, transient simulation is performed based on the initial operating point and the motion equation to obtain power angle change data after the system fault. The margin module is used to establish a single-machine infinite bus model based on the single-machine equivalent method for the fault that causes the power angle instability problem, and to calculate the system stability margin based on the power angle change data. The constraint module is used to construct transient safety and stability constraints based on the fault types in the fault set, and to embed the transient safety and stability constraints into the traditional optimal power flow model to obtain a transient stability constraint optimal power flow model; wherein, if the fault type is a fault that causes power angle stability problems, then transient power angle stability constraints are constructed based on the system stability margin; if the fault type is a fault that causes frequency stability problems, then transient frequency stability constraints are constructed. The decision module is used to solve the transient stability constraint optimal power flow model to obtain the system operating point, and to perform transient stability simulation verification on the system operating point; if the system does not reach a stable state, the margin module and constraint module are controlled to work repeatedly and the verification is performed again until the system reaches a stable state.

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