Atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device

Abstract

The application discloses an atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device and belongs to the technical field of clean energy power generation. The application solves the problems of the existing renewable energy power generation, such as dependence on light and wind speed, insufficient all-weather capability, low efficiency and difficulty in engineering. The device comprises an atmospheric water mist collection and regulation system, a polarization power generation core array, an electric energy conversion and grid connection system, an intelligent monitoring and protection system and an auxiliary system. The core array adopts 1m*1m standard units in series and parallel connection, and couples four effects of water mist polarization, nanometer pore channel charge separation and the like, so that stable power generation is realized under the environment of RH greater than or equal to 30% and-30 DEG C to +60 DEG C, and the system efficiency is greater than or equal to 18%. The device is suitable for all-weather zero-emission power supply in the scenes of distributed grid-connected / off-grid power stations, remote areas, islands and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of clean energy power generation technology, specifically to a power generation device based on atmospheric water mist interface polarization, nanopore charge separation, and the coupling effect of flow potential and interface triboelectricity. It is particularly suitable for all-weather zero-emission power supply in scenarios such as 100kW-level distributed grid-connected / off-grid power stations, remote areas, islands, and cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, mainstream renewable energy sources have significant application shortcomings: photovoltaic power generation depends on sunlight conditions and cannot generate electricity at night or during cloudy and rainy weather, with annual utilization hours generally below 5,000 hours; wind power generation is constrained by wind speed fluctuations, resulting in poor power generation stability, and both have high requirements for terrain and site, with extremely poor adaptability in extreme temperature and humidity environments; traditional hydropower generation requires large-scale water resource infrastructure, making it impossible to achieve distributed and small-scale deployment, with long construction cycles and high investment costs.

[0003] Existing nano-humidity power generation and hydro-voltaic power generation technologies can only achieve low-power, intermittent power output, with low power density and poor system integration, failing to achieve power plant-level engineering applications. Furthermore, these technologies rely solely on charge separation mechanisms, failing to realize the multi-effect coupling of water mist polarization, flow potential, and interfacial triboelectricity, resulting in power generation efficiency that is difficult to exceed 10%. They also suffer from high self-consumption rates, instability in low-temperature / low-humidity environments, and complex operation and maintenance. In addition, existing technologies lack standardized modular design, hindering rapid expansion and deployment; the materials have poor weather resistance, making it difficult to meet the requirements of a 20-year long-life operation, thus restricting the industrialization and large-scale promotion of new hydro-voltaic energy technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing clean energy power generation technologies, such as lack of all-weather power generation capability, narrow environmental adaptability, low power generation efficiency, and difficulty in engineering application, this invention provides an atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device. Through multi-effect coupling, it realizes the continuous conversion of atmospheric water mist internal energy and interface energy into stable electrical energy, achieving zero fuel, zero emissions, wide temperature and humidity range, and all-weather power generation. At the same time, it achieves modular integration, low maintenance, long lifespan operation, and is suitable for the large-scale construction of distributed power stations.

[0006] Technical solution

[0007] This invention discloses an atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device, which includes an atmospheric water mist collection and control system, a polarization power generation core array, a power conversion and grid connection system, an intelligent monitoring and protection system, and an auxiliary system. The air outlet of the atmospheric water mist collection and control system is connected to the air inlet of the polarization power generation core array. The power output of the polarization power generation core array is sequentially connected to the power conversion and grid connection system. The intelligent monitoring and protection system is electrically connected to each of the above systems. The auxiliary system provides ventilation and heat dissipation, atomization circulation, fire protection, and water supply and drainage support for the overall device.

[0008] The atmospheric water mist collection and control system consists of a high-efficiency filter, an axial flow fan unit, a humidity sensor, an atomizing module, and a flow regulating valve, with a processing air volume adapted to 6000–10000 m³ / h. 3 The system can generate uniform micron-sized water mist with a D50 of 5 to 10 μm per hour, with a humidity control accuracy of ±3%RH. The system's self-consumption power is ≤8% of the total power generation. The air source can be natural atmosphere or a closed-loop atomizing air source.

[0009] The core array for polarization power generation is constructed using standardized modular series-parallel units. Each standard unit measures 1m x 1m and consists of a nanoporous composite polarization substrate, a porous top electrode, a laser-induced graphene bottom electrode, a busbar, and a weather-resistant insulating encapsulation layer. The open-circuit voltage of a single unit is approximately 12V, and the short-circuit current is 0.8–1.2A. A 100kW-class array is configured with 840 standard units, using a 14-series x 60-parallel wiring configuration. Power is collected through layered busbars and independent fuses. The array frame tilt angle is set at 5°–15° to accommodate drainage and ventilation requirements. The polarization substrate uses a nanoporous silica / carbon-based composite film and a modified hydrogel electret film. The electrodes are made of porous aluminum foil and laser-induced graphene electrodes. The encapsulation layer uses an ETFE weather-resistant film and polyurethane edge sealing. The unit is designed for a lifespan of ≥20 years.

[0010] The power conversion and grid-connected system includes a DC combiner cabinet, an MPPT DC boost module, a grid-connected inverter, and a metering and protection unit. The combiner cabinet uses copper busbars and integrates overcurrent, short circuit, and reverse connection protection functions. The DC boost module boosts the voltage to DC 750V with a conversion efficiency of ≥97%. The 100kW isolated grid-connected inverter outputs AC 0.4kV with a harmonic distortion rate (THD) of <3%, and features low voltage ride-through and islanding protection functions. It is equipped with a bidirectional meter to achieve power metering, and the overall grid-connected power factor is ≥0.99.

[0011] The intelligent monitoring and protection system integrates temperature and humidity, mist volume, electrical parameters, and insulation performance monitoring modules. It is equipped with the MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm and can automatically adjust the air volume and atomization volume to adapt to environmental changes. It has multi-level protection functions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, overheat, lightning protection, and leakage current protection. It can achieve remote communication with the cloud platform via Ethernet / 4G, and is equipped with a touch screen and mobile APP to realize local + remote monitoring. It supports seamless switching between off-grid, grid-connected, and microgrid modes.

[0012] The auxiliary system includes a ventilation and heat dissipation unit, a closed-loop atomization circulation unit, a fire protection unit, and a water supply and drainage unit. The ventilation and heat dissipation adopts a combination of natural ventilation and forced exhaust to control the membrane module's operating temperature to <50℃. The closed-loop circulation unit is optional and adaptable to the water-saving needs of arid regions, with a water-saving rate of over 90%. The fire protection adopts an aerosol fire extinguishing device and a fire alarm module, eliminating the risk of open flames. All condensate is collected and reused, with no wastewater discharged externally.

[0013] The core power generation coupling mechanism of the device consists of four main mechanisms: water mist polarization effect causes water molecules to align dipoles in a directional charge layer; <100nm nanopores enable selective water vapor permeation and carrier separation; continuous flow potential is generated at the droplet / water film interface; and triboelectricity at the interface enhances charge output through droplet impact and sliding, resulting in an overall system power generation efficiency of ≥18%. The device is adaptable to operating environments with RH ≥30% and temperatures ranging from -30℃ to +60℃, with a total footprint of approximately 180m² for a 100kW-class device. 2 Annual utilization hours ≥ 6500h.

[0014] Beneficial effects

[0015] 1. Stable power generation around the clock: It is free from the limitations of sunlight and wind speed, with an annual utilization of ≥6500 hours. It can operate stably in a wide temperature and humidity range environment with RH≥30% and -30℃~+60℃, and its environmental adaptability is far superior to traditional renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and wind power.

[0016] 2. Green, efficient and zero-pollution: No fuel consumption, no emissions of waste gas, wastewater, and solid waste; noise level <45dB; no electromagnetic pollution; recyclable power generation materials; system efficiency ≥18%; self-consumption rate ≤8%; closed-loop water saving effect; fully compliant with green energy standards.

[0017] 3. Modular and easy to engineer: Standardized power generation units can be mass-produced industrially. A 100kW-level device can be completed in 6 months. It occupies little land and does not occupy arable land. It supports rapid deployment and power expansion and is suitable for various scenarios such as industrial parks, islands, border defense, and areas without electricity.

[0018] 4. Outstanding economic operation and maintenance advantages: operation and maintenance cost ≤ 0.08 yuan / kWh, annual operation and maintenance fee ≤ 12% of total power generation revenue, realizes unattended operation, low cost of vulnerable parts, investment payback period of 5 to 7 years, and life-cycle benefits are better than traditional distributed photovoltaic.

[0019] 5. Safe, reliable and long life: Equipped with multi-level electrical protection, resistant to level 12 winds and level 7 earthquakes, integrated design for lightning protection and corrosion resistance, 10-year unit warranty, 20-year design life, automatic shutdown in case of failure, and long-term operational stability meets standards. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to a standard 100kW grid-connected embodiment. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0021] Example 1: 100kW grid-connected atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device

[0022] 1. System Component Setup

[0023] (1) Atmospheric water mist collection and control system: A combination of primary and medium-efficiency high-efficiency filters is used, with a maximum air volume of 10,000 m³ / h. 3 / h; Configured with 2 axial flow induced draft fans (1 in use and 1 on standby), matching 6000~10000m 3 / h airflow adjustment range; equipped with a micron-level ultrasonic atomization module to control the droplet size D50=8μm, a humidity sensor to collect ambient humidity in real time, a flow regulating valve to maintain humidity control accuracy ±3%RH, and the system's self-consumption is controlled at 7% of the total power generation.

[0024] (2) Polarization power generation core array: Each unit adopts a nanoporous silicon oxide / carbon-based composite polarization film, aluminum foil porous top electrode, laser-induced graphene bottom electrode, and ETFE weather-resistant film + polyurethane edge sealing; the array is configured with 14 strings × 60 and 840 standard units, and each branch of the hierarchical combiner cabinet is equipped with an independent fuse; the frame is made of hot-dip galvanized steel, installed at an angle of 10°, meeting the requirements of wind resistance level 12 and earthquake resistance level 7, and the protection level is IP65.

[0025] (3) Power conversion and grid connection system: The copper busbar combiner cabinet integrates overcurrent, short circuit and reverse connection protection; the MPPT DC boost module boosts the output voltage to DC750V with a conversion efficiency of 97.5%; the 100kW isolated grid-connected inverter realizes AC0.4kV three-phase four-wire output with THD=2.8%, and is equipped with a first-level + second-level surge protector, islanding protection device, bidirectional energy meter, and grid-connected power factor of 0.99.

[0026] (4) Intelligent monitoring and protection system: Real-time monitoring of ambient temperature and humidity, fog volume, unit voltage and current, insulation performance, MPPT algorithm to track the maximum power point in real time, and automatically adjust air volume and atomization volume; triggers multi-level protection actions in case of fault, uploads data to the cloud platform through 4G communication, and is equipped with a local touch screen to support remote operation and maintenance via mobile APP.

[0027] (5) Auxiliary system: natural ventilation + forced exhaust linkage, control the working temperature of the membrane module ≤48℃; adopt natural open air source, fire protection configuration includes aerosol extinguishing device and fire alarm module, condensate is collected and reused in the atomization system, and there is no external wastewater discharge.

[0028] 2. Operating parameters

[0029] Rated power 100kW, peak power 120kW, annual power generation ≈650,000 kWh, system efficiency 18.5%, operation and maintenance cost 0.07 yuan / kWh, total footprint 180m² 2 It can operate continuously without failure for ≥3000 hours and is suitable for humidity ≥30% and temperature -20℃~+50℃.

[0030] 3. Operation and Maintenance Mode

[0031] The unit operates in a fully automated mode. After startup, it sequentially executes the processes of induced draft, atomization, polarization power generation, and grid connection. The MPPT (Multi-Pulse Test Device) adapts to environmental changes in real time. The station's power supply uses a dual-path automatic switching between self-generated and mains power, automatically shutting down and triggering an alarm in case of a fault. Routine maintenance is achieved through remote monitoring and data statistics. Quarterly filter cleaning, electrode inspection, and insulation testing are conducted. Annual comprehensive inspection, performance calibration, and corrosion protection maintenance are performed. A major overhaul and performance evaluation of the membrane module is carried out every 5 years. The entire process is unattended.

[0032] Example 2: Off-grid 10kW atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device for cold regions

[0033] Optimized for -30℃ cold region environments, the polarization substrate was replaced with a modified hydrogel electret film to improve low-temperature polarization stability; a closed-loop atomization circulation system was configured, achieving a water saving rate of 92%; and the power generation unit was adjusted to 4 series × 20 parallel, with a total footprint of 25m². 2 The power system is equipped with an energy storage battery pack, which outputs AC220V single-phase power off the grid. It is suitable for border defense base stations and power supply to remote households without electricity. The operating temperature range is -30℃ to +40℃, and it can generate electricity continuously and stably under the condition of RH≥30%.

[0034] This invention achieves high-efficiency power generation through the coupling of four major effects: water mist polarization, nanopore charge separation, flow potential, and interfacial triboelectricity. Its modular design takes into account both miniaturized applications and MW-level scale expansion. It is green, environmentally friendly, economical, and reliable, and can be widely used in distributed power supply, microgrid construction, and independent power supply in special areas, promoting the industrialization of new zero-carbon clean energy technologies.

Claims

1. An atmospheric water mist polarized power generation device, characterized by, It includes an atmospheric water mist collection and control system, a polarized power generation core array, a power conversion and grid connection system, an intelligent monitoring and protection system, and an auxiliary system. The air outlet of the atmospheric water mist collection and control system is connected to the air inlet of the polarized power generation core array. The power output of the polarized power generation core array is connected in sequence to the power conversion and grid connection system. The intelligent monitoring and protection system is electrically connected to the atmospheric water mist collection and control system, the polarized power generation core array, the power conversion and grid connection system, and the auxiliary system. The auxiliary system provides supporting protection for the entire device.

2. The atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device according to claim 1, characterized by, The atmospheric water mist collecting and regulating system comprises an efficient filter, an axial flow air induction unit, a humidity sensor, a atomization module and a flow regulating valve, the system handles air volume of 6000-10000m 3 / h, generates mist droplet particle size D50=5-10μm, controls humidity accuracy of ±3%RH, self-consumption power is ≤8% of total power generation, and the air source adopts natural atmosphere or closed cycle atomization air source.

3. The atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device according to claim 1, characterized by, The polarization power generation core array is composed of standardized power generation units connected in series and parallel. Each standard unit is 1m×1m in size and includes a nanoporous composite polarization substrate, a porous top electrode, a laser graphene bottom electrode, a busbar, and a weather-resistant insulating encapsulation layer. The open-circuit voltage of a single unit is 12V, and the short-circuit current is 0.8~1.2A. The 100kW-level array is configured with 840 standard units, using a 14 series×60 parallel wiring method, and the array frame tilt angle is 5°~15°.

4. The atmospheric water mist polarized power generation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The nanoporous composite polarization substrate is selected from nanoporous silica / carbon-based composite film or modified hydrogel electret film, the porous top electrode is aluminum foil porous electrode, the weather-resistant insulating encapsulation layer is ETFE weather-resistant film and polyurethane edge sealing, and the power generation unit is designed to have a lifespan of ≥20 years.

5. The atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power conversion and grid connection system includes a DC combiner cabinet, an MPPT DC boost module, a grid-connected inverter, and a metering and protection unit. The DC combiner cabinet uses copper busbars and integrates overcurrent, short circuit, and reverse connection protection. The MPPT DC boost module boosts the voltage to DC 750V with a conversion efficiency of ≥97%. The grid-connected inverter is a 100kW isolated type with an output AC 0.4kV, a harmonic distortion rate (THD) of <3%, and a grid-connected power factor of ≥0.

99.

6. The atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring and protection system integrates temperature and humidity, fog volume, electrical parameters, and insulation performance monitoring modules. It is equipped with the MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm and has multi-level protection functions such as overvoltage, overcurrent, overheat, lightning protection, and leakage current protection. It is also equipped with an Ethernet / 4G communication module, a touch screen, and a mobile APP, and supports seamless switching between off-grid, grid-connected, and microgrid modes.

7. The atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary system includes a ventilation and heat dissipation unit, a closed-loop atomization circulation unit, a fire protection unit, and a water supply and drainage unit. The ventilation and heat dissipation unit adopts a combination of natural ventilation and forced exhaust. The closed-loop atomization circulation unit has a water saving rate of over 90%. The fire protection unit adopts an aerosol fire extinguishing device and a fire alarm module. The water supply and drainage unit realizes the full collection and reuse of condensate.

8. The atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device couples four power generation mechanisms, i.e. water mist polarization, nanochannel charge separation, streaming potential and interfacial triboelectricity. The overall power generation efficiency of the system is ≥18%, the working environment is adapted to humidity RH≥30% and temperature -30℃~+60℃, and the total floor area of a 100kW device is ≈180m 2 , with annual utilization hours ≥6500h.

9. The atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core array frame of the polarization power generation is made of hot-dip galvanized steel, with a wind resistance level of 12, an earthquake resistance level of 7 degrees, an outdoor protection level of IP65, an indoor electrical control protection level of IP54, an overall grounding resistance of ≤4Ω, and is equipped with first-level + second-level surge protection.

10. The atmospheric water mist polarization power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unit's operation and maintenance cost is ≤0.08 yuan / kWh, and the annual operation and maintenance fee is ≤12% of the total power generation revenue. The station's power supply adopts automatic switching between self-generated and grid power, and supports unattended fully automatic operation.