Curable composition

Abstract

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate functional prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyol having a Mn greater than 1,000 g / mol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler in an amount of greater than 50 wt% to 93 wt% based on the total weight of the composition. Also disclosed are methods for treating a substrate comprising contacting a surface of a substrate with one of the disclosed compositions. Also disclosed are substrates comprising a coating on a surface thereof formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein. Also disclosed are batteries comprising one of the substrates disclosed herein.

Description

[0001] Government Contract

[0002] This disclosure was made with government support under government contracts awarded by GVSC with designations NCMS FY2020 Ambient Cure Adhesives 2021007 and NCMS FY2023 Highly Filled Functional Adhesives 2023177. The U.S. government may have certain rights in the subject matter disclosed herein.

[0003] Cross-references to related applications

[0004] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 600,720, entitled “Curable Compositions,” filed November 19, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0005] This invention discloses the composition and its use. Background Technology

[0006] The composition (containing an adhesive) is used in a variety of applications to treat a variety of substrates or to bond two or more substrate materials together. Summary of the Invention

[0007] A composition is disclosed comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyol having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1000 g / mol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler, wherein the amount of the filler is greater than 50% by weight to 93% by weight based on the total weight of the composition; wherein the number-average molecular weight is determined using a separation module equipped with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, at 1 ml / min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent, and two separation columns were measured by gel permeation chromatography at a flow rate of [value missing].

[0008] A method for treating a substrate is also disclosed, the method comprising bringing the surface of the substrate into contact with any of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0009] This document also discloses a substrate having a coating on its surface formed from any of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0010] The battery, which includes one of the substrates disclosed herein, was also disclosed.

[0011] The vehicle, which contains the battery disclosed herein, was also revealed. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a top view of a cylindrical battery cell.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an exploded isometric view of an array of prismatic battery cells.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of an array of pouch cell units.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an isometric view of a cylindrical battery cell located within a battery module.

[0016] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an exploded perspective view of a battery pack that includes multiple battery cells.

[0017] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of isometric views of (A) battery cell, (B) battery module and (C) battery pack.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the battery pack's perspective view.

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cell-to-battery pack configuration.

[0020] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of an equidistant cross-section of the unit to the chassis battery assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0021] A composition is disclosed comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyol having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1,000 g / mol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler in an amount greater than 50% to 93% by weight based on the total weight of the composition; wherein Mn is separated using a separation module equipped with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, in 1 ml min -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent, and two separation columns were measured by gel permeation chromatography at a flow rate of [value missing].

[0022] Isocyanate functional compounds

[0023] The first component comprises an isocyanate-functionalized compound. The first component may comprise or consist substantially of an isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer. As used herein, "polyurethane prepolymer" refers to a prepolymer containing urethane bonds, thiourethane bonds, and / or urea bonds. The isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer may comprise reaction products of reactants, including diisocyanates and difunctional polyols, as described in more detail below. The isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer may have one or more free isocyanate functional groups (NCO). The free isocyanate functional groups may be terminal and / or side-grouped. The isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer may be preformed or may be... In situ Formed.

[0024] The isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer may comprise a difunctional isocyanate-functionalized prepolymer, as described in more detail below. Optionally, the first component may further comprise a second isocyanate-containing compound in addition to the difunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer. That is, the first component may comprise multiple isocyanate-functionalized compounds, as described in more detail below. For example, the first component may further comprise a monofunctional isocyanate-containing compound and / or a polyfunctional isocyanate-containing compound. The monofunctional isocyanate-containing compound may be a monomer, a small molecule, a polymer, and / or a prepolymer. The polyfunctional isocyanate-containing compound may be a monomer, a small molecule, a polymer, and / or a prepolymer. The monofunctional and polyfunctional isocyanate-containing prepolymers may be, for example, polyurethane prepolymers. For example, monofunctional isocyanate-containing prepolymers and / or polyfunctional isocyanate-containing prepolymers may each contain reaction products of reactants, including (i) monofunctional alcohols, polyols (such as triols, tetraols, and / or higher functional polyols), monofunctional amines, polyfunctional amines, monofunctional thiols, and / or polyfunctional thiols, and (ii) monofunctional isocyanates and / or polyfunctional isocyanates. As used herein, "monofunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer" refers to an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer containing one isocyanate functional group. As used herein, "bifunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer" refers to an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer containing two isocyanate functional groups. As used herein, "polyfunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer" refers to an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer containing more than two isocyanate functional groups. Isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymers may contain functional groups other than isocyanate functional groups.

[0025] Based on the total weight of isocyanate compounds in the first component, the first component may contain at least 50% by weight (e.g., at least 70% by weight, at least 85% by weight, at least 100% by weight, or at least 98% by weight) of isocyanate-functionalized bifunctional polyurethane prepolymer. Based on the total weight of isocyanates in the first component, the first component may contain from 50% by weight to 100% by weight (e.g., from 70% by weight to 100% by weight, from 85% by weight to 100% by weight, or from 85% by weight to 98% by weight) of isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer.

[0026] Based on the total weight of the second isocyanate-containing compound in the first component, the first component may further contain an isocyanate-containing compound in an amount not exceeding 50% by weight (e.g., not exceeding 30% by weight, not exceeding 15% by weight, not exceeding 2% by weight). Based on the total weight of isocyanates in the first component, the first component may further contain a second isocyanate-containing compound in an amount ranging from 2% by weight to 50% by weight (e.g., from 2% by weight to 30% by weight, from 2% by weight to 15% by weight).

[0027] Optionally, the composition may be substantially free of, substantially free of, or completely free of monofunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymers and / or polyfunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymers.

[0028] Bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers may contain at least 500 g / mol of Mn, such as at least 750 g / mol. Bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers may contain no more than 5,000 g / mol of Mn, such as no more than 2,500 g / mol. Bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers may contain 500 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol of Mn, such as 750 g / mol to 2,500 g / mol. Number-average molecular weight can be determined using a separation module equipped with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, at 1 ml / min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent, and two separation columns were measured by gel permeation chromatography at a flow rate of [value missing].

[0029] Bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers may contain at least 250 g / eq, such as at least 300 g / eq, of isocyanate equivalent weight. Bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers may contain no more than 2,500 g / eq, such as no more than 1,250 g / eq, of isocyanate equivalent weight. Bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers may contain from 250 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq, such as from 300 g / eq to 1,250 g / eq, of isocyanate equivalent weight.

[0030] Bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers may include aliphatic isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers (such as cyclic aliphatic isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers) and / or aromatic isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers.

[0031] Commercially available bifunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers that can be used in this disclosure include isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers from Covestro AG under the trade name Desmodur®, prepolymers from Lanxess under the trade name Adiprene®, and prepolymers from BASF under the trade name Lupranate®.

[0032] As discussed above, the difunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer can be a reaction product of reactants, including (i) monofunctional alcohols, diols and / or polyols and (ii) diisocyanates. For example, reactant (i) can be a difunctional polyol, a difunctional amine and / or a difunctional thiol.

[0033] Suitable polyols that can be used to form any of the prepolymers described above include diols, triols, tetraols, and / or higher functional polyols. Polyols may include polyalkyl alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, butanediol, pentylene glycol, hexanediol, cyclohexanediol, phenylenediol, 4,4'-isopropylidene dicyclohexanol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, bis(trimethylolpropane) or bis(pentaerythritol). Suitable polyols may also include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, acrylic polyols, polybutadiene polyols, hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and / or polysiloxane polyols. Polyamines corresponding to the polyols may also be used, and in this case, urea bonds will be formed with the isocyanate.

[0034] The polyols that can be used to form any of the above-described isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may include polycaprolactone-based polyols. Polycaprolactone-based polyols may include diols capped with primary hydroxyl groups. Commercially available polycaprolactone-based polyols include those sold by Ingevity under the trade name Capa®, such as, for example, Capa 2054, Capa 2077A, Capa 2085, Capa 2205, Capa 3031, Capa 3050, Capa 3091, and Capa 4101.

[0035] Polyols that can be used to form any of the above-described isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may include polyether polyols. Such polyols may be based on polyether chains derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, and mixtures thereof. Polyols may include polyols derived from epoxyalkyl groups in polyethers and reaction products comprising reactants of low molecular weight polyalkyl alcohols and epoxy alkyl groups, such as 1,2-epoxypropane, 1,2-epoxybutane, or 2,3-epoxybutane, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof, such as commercially available polyether polyols, including those marketed under the trade names Pluracol®, Vornanol®, Arcol®, and Carpol®. Polytetrahydrofuran-based polyols may include diols, triols, or tetraols terminated with primary hydroxyl groups. Commercially available polytetrahydrofuran-based polyols include those sold under the trade name Terathane® from Invista, such as Terathane® PTMEG 250, Terathane® PTMEG 650, and Terathane® PTMEG 1000, which are blends of linear diols in which the hydroxyl groups are separated by repeating tetramethylene ether groups. Alternatively, dimerized diol-based polyols sold under the trade names Pripol® (available from Cargill, Incorporated), Solvermol™, and Empol® (available from BASF), or bio-based polyols such as the tetrafunctional polyol Agrol 4.0 available from BioBased Technologies, can also be used.

[0036] In this example, the polyol used to prepare the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer may have at least 60 g / mol (e.g., at least 90 g / mol) of Mn and may have no more than 5,000 g / mol (e.g., no more than 2,000 g / mol) of Mn. The polyol may have an Mn content from 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol (e.g., from 90 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol). The number-average molecular weight can be determined using a separation module equipped with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, at a concentration of 1 ml / min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent, and two separation columns were measured by gel permeation chromatography at a flow rate of [value missing].

[0037] Isocyanates that can be used to form isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers may contain functional groups other than isocyanate functional groups. Isocyanates may contain C1 to C2 groups. 20 Linear, cyclic, aliphatic and / or aromatic bifunctional or polyfunctional isocyanates.

[0038] Aliphatic diisocyanates and polyisocyanates that can be used to form isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers include (i) alkylene isocyanates, such as: trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate; pentamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate and 2-methyl-1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate; hexamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate. 1,7-heptamethyl diisocyanate or mixtures thereof; heptamethyl diisocyanate, such as 1,2-heptamethyl diisocyanate; propylene diisocyanate, such as 1,2-propylene diisocyanate; butene diisocyanate, such as 1,2-butene diisocyanate, 2,3-butene diisocyanate, 1,3-butene diisocyanate and 1,4-butene diisocyanate; ethylene diisocyanate; decamethyl diisocyanate, such as 1,10-decamethyl diisocyanate; ethylene diisocyanate; butylene diisocyanate; and hexamethylene diisocyanate. Aliphatic polyisocyanates may also include (ii) cycloalkyl isocyanates, such as: cyclopentane diisocyanates, such as 1,3-cyclopentane diisocyanate; cyclohexane diisocyanates, such as 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,2-cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (“IPDI”), IPDI trimer (commercially available as Desmodur® Z 4470 SN); methylene bis(4-cyclohexyl isocyanate); polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; and mixed aralkyl diisocyanates, such as tetramethylxylyl diisocyanate, such as m-tetramethylxylyl diisocyanate (commercially available from Allnex SA from TMXDI®). Such isocyanates may also be used as the second isocyanate-containing compound described above.

[0039] Aromatic diisocyanates and polyisocyanates that can be used to form isocyanate-functional prepolymers include (i) arylene isocyanates, such as: phenylene diisocyanates, such as m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate and chlorophenylene 2,4-diisocyanate; naphthalene diisocyanates, such as 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate and 1,4-naphthalene diisocyanate. Aromatic polyisocyanates may also include (ii) arylene alkyl isocyanates, such as: methylene-block aromatic diisocyanates, such as 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and alkylated analogs, such as 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; toluene diisocyanates, such as 2,4-methylphenylene or 2,6-methylphenylene diisocyanate or mixtures thereof, bitoluene diisocyanate; and 4,4-toluidine diisocyanate; xylene diisocyanate; o-anisidine diisocyanate; xylene diisocyanate; and other alkylated benzene diisocyanates. Such isocyanates may also be used as the second isocyanate-containing compound described above.

[0040] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain at least 2% by weight (e.g., at least 5% by weight) of an isocyanate-containing compound. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain no more than 44% by weight (e.g., no more than 20% by weight) of an isocyanate-containing compound. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain from 2% by weight to 44% by weight (e.g., from 5% by weight to 20% by weight) of an isocyanate-containing compound. As used herein, when referring to the weight basis of isocyanates in the first component, "isocyanate-containing compound" means the total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds in the first component, including isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers and second isocyanate-containing compounds.

[0041] Isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers can have a strength of at least 0.1 Pa at 25°C. s (such as at least 10 Pa) The viscosity of isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers at 25°C can not exceed 100 Pa. s (such as not exceeding 50 Pa) The viscosity of isocyanate-functionalized prepolymers can be 0.1 Pa at 25°C. s to 100 Pa s (such as 10 Pa) s to 50 Pa The viscosity (s). Viscosity can be measured with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a viscosity of 1 s. -1 The shear rate was measured by parallel plate rheology.

[0042] Hydroxyl compounds

[0043] The second component contains a hydroxyl-containing compound. The second component may contain, or substantially consist of, a polyol having a Mn content greater than 1000 g / mol (e.g., at least 2000 g / mol). The polyol may have a Mn content not exceeding 8000 g / mol (e.g., not exceeding 4000 g / mol). The polyol may have a Mn content greater than 1000 g / mol to 8000 g / mol (e.g., from 2000 g / mol to 4000 g / mol). The number-average molecular weight can be determined using a separation module equipped with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, at a concentration of 1 ml / min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent, and two separation columns were measured by gel permeation chromatography at a flow rate of [value missing].

[0044] Polyols may include liquid polyols. As used herein, when referring to polyols, "liquid" means, when referring to dielectric coating compositions, "liquid" means having a Pa value of less than 100,000 at 60°C. Materials with a viscosity of s, such as those with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a viscosity of 1 s. -1 The shear rate was measured by parallel plate rheology.

[0045] Polyols having a Mn concentration greater than 1,000 g / mol may include bifunctional and / or polyfunctional polyols, including any of the triols, tetraols, and / or higher functional polyols mentioned above. As used herein, a “bifunctional polyol” refers to a molecule containing two hydroxyl functional groups. As used herein, a “polyfunctional polyol” refers to a molecule containing more than two hydroxyl functional groups.

[0046] Suitable difunctional polyols include, but may also include, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, acrylic polyols, polybutadiene polyols, hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and / or polysiloxane polyols. Polyamines corresponding to the polyols may also be used, and in this case, urea bonds will be formed with the isocyanate.

[0047] Polyols can be products of reactions between polyether chains derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, and low molecular weight polyalkyl alcohols and epoxides (such as 1,2-epoxypropane, 1,2-epoxybutane, or 2,3-epoxybutane), tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof, and ultimately facilitated by an initiator molecule having two or more active hydrogen atoms (such as, for example, water, ammonia) or a compound having two or more OH or NH groups (such as, for example, 1,2-ethylene glycol). The polymerization is carried out using 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, isomeric dipropylene glycol and tripropylene glycol, isomeric butanediol, pentylene glycol, hexanediol, heptaethylene glycol, octyl glycol, nonanediol, decanediol, undecanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanediethanol and 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, 1,1,1-trimethylolethane, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, glycerol, aniline, and mixtures of the above compounds. Commercially available polyether polyols, including those sold under the trade names Pluracol®, Vornanol®, and Carpol®, can be used. Ethylene oxide-terminated polyoxypropylene glycols or triols are also particularly suitable. The latter is a special polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene polyol, which is obtained, for example, by alkoxylating a linear polyoxypropylene polyol with ethylene oxide after polypropoxylation, and thus contains primary hydroxyl groups.

[0048] Polyols may include tetrahydrofuran-based polyols. Polytetrahydrofuran-based polyols may include diols capped with primary hydroxyl groups. Commercially available polytetrahydrofuran-based polyols include those sold under the trade name Terathane® from Invista, such as Terathane® PTMEG 1000, which is a blend of linear diols in which the hydroxyl groups are separated by repeating tetramethylene ether groups. Alternatively, dimerized diol-based polyols sold under the trade name Pripol® from Cargill, Incorporated, under the trade names Solvermol™ and Empol® from BASF, or bio-based polyols from BioBased Technologies may also be used.

[0049] Polyols may include polycaprolactone-based polyols. Polycaprolactone-based polyols may include diols capped with primary hydroxyl groups. Commercially available polycaprolactone-based polyols include those sold by Ingevity under the trade name Capa®, such as, for example, Capa 2054, Capa 2077A, Capa 2085, and Capa 2205.

[0050] Based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compounds, the composition may contain at least 60% by weight (e.g., at least 70% by weight, at least 95% by weight, at least 99% by weight, at least 100% by weight) of a polyol having at least 1,000 g / mol of Mn. Based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compounds, the composition may contain from 60% by weight to 100% by weight (e.g., from 70% by weight to 100% by weight, from 95% by weight to 100% by weight, from 70% by weight to 99% by weight) of a polyol having at least 1,000 g / mol of Mn.

[0051] In addition to polyols having a Mn concentration greater than 1,000 g / mol, the composition may further comprise a second polyol comprising monofunctional alcohols and / or polyols (bifunctional and / or multifunctional), including any of the triols, tetraols, and / or higher functional polyols described above. As used herein, the term "second polyol" includes monofunctional alcohols, bifunctional polyols, and multifunctional polyols. The second polyol may comprise monomers, small molecules, or polymers. The second polyol may be present in the second component and / or the third component. As used herein, "monofunctional alcohol" refers to a molecule containing one hydroxyl functional group. As used herein, "multifunctional polyol" refers to a molecule containing more than two hydroxyl functional groups.

[0052] Suitable second polyols can include small molecule diols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol, 3,3,5-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol, 2,3,5-trimethylpentanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol, decanediol, dodecanediol, etc.

[0053] Examples of such second polyols include polyols based on polyether chains derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, hexanediol, and mixtures thereof. Polyols can also be based on polyester chains produced by the ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone (hereinafter referred to as polycaprolactone-based polyols). Suitable polyols may also include polyether polyols, polyurethane polyols, polyurea polyols, acrylic polyols, polyester polyols, polybutadiene polyols, hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polysiloxane polyols, and combinations thereof.

[0054] The second polyol may contain functional groups other than the hydroxyl functional group.

[0055] Based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compounds in the second component, the composition may contain a second polyol in an amount not exceeding 40% by weight (e.g., not exceeding 30% by weight, not exceeding 5% by weight, not exceeding 1% by weight). Based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compounds in the second component, the composition may contain a second polyol in an amount ranging from 1% by weight to 40% by weight (e.g., from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, from 5% by weight to 40% by weight, from 5% by weight to 30% by weight).

[0056] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain at least 2% by weight (e.g., at least 5% by weight based on the total weight of the composition) of a hydroxyl-containing compound (i.e., a polyol having 1,000 g / mol of Mn and a second polyol). Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain no more than 20% by weight (e.g., no more than 27% by weight) of a hydroxyl-containing compound. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain from 2% by weight to 27% by weight (e.g., from 5% by weight to 20% by weight) of a hydroxyl-containing compound. As used herein, when referring to the weight basis of the hydroxyl-containing compound in the second component, "hydroxyl-containing compound" means the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compound in the second component, including polyols having more than 1,000 g / mol of Mn and a second polyol.

[0057] Aromatic diamines

[0058] The composition contains an aromatic diamine. As used herein, "aromatic diamine" means a compound comprising an aromatic ring and two amine functional groups bonded to that aromatic ring. The aromatic diamine may be present in the second and / or third component. As used herein with respect to the compound, references to "first," "second," "third," etc., are for convenience only and do not indicate the order in which they are added to the composition.

[0059] Aromatic diamines can be sterically hindered aromatic diamines. As used herein, "sterically hindered aromatic diamine" means (i) an aromatic diamine containing a substituent (such as a C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, or C1-C4 alkylthio group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, or isobutoxy, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, or isobutylthio) in at least one position adjacent to each amino group; and / or (ii) an aromatic diamine wherein the amine nitrogen further comprises a substituent, such as an alkyl substituent. Aromatic diamines may contain liquids under ambient conditions.

[0060] Suitable aromatic diamines include phenylenediamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4-diaminotrimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-triethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, 1-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4-diaminobenzene, isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate, methylenebis(o-aminobenzoate), and trimethylenediol di- p -Aminobenzoic acid ester, dimethylthiotoluene diamine obtainable as Ethacure 300, diethyltoluene diamine obtainable as Ethacure 100, 4,4'-bis( Zhong (-Butylamino)diphenylmethane, or combinations thereof.

[0061] Aromatic diamines may contain a molecular weight of at least 100 g / mol (such as at least 125 g / mol) as measured by mass spectrometry, such as... Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (As described in the third edition, 2018, edited by Jürgen Gross). Aromatic diamines can contain molecular weights not exceeding 750 g / mol (such as not exceeding 500 g / mol) as measured by mass spectrometry, such as... Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (Third edition, 2018, edited by Jürgen Gross). Aromatic diamines can contain molecular weights from 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol (such as 125 g / mol to 500 g / mol) as measured by mass spectrometry, such as... Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook As stated in (Third edition, 2018, edited by Jürgen Gross).

[0062] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain at least 0.2% by weight (e.g., at least 0.5% by weight) of an aromatic diamine. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain no more than 6% by weight (e.g., no more than 3% by weight) of an aromatic diamine. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain from 0.2% by weight to 6% by weight (e.g., from 0.5% by weight to 3% by weight) of an aromatic diamine.

[0063] Accelerator

[0064] The composition may contain a promoter. As used herein, a "promoter" is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction or lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction compared to the same reaction in the absence of a promoter. A promoter may be a "catalyst," i.e., one that does not undergo any permanent chemical change itself; or it may be reactive, i.e., capable of undergoing a chemical reaction and encompassing any level of reaction from partial to complete reaction of the reactants.

[0065] Accelerators can include nitrogen-based catalysts, such as amine catalysts. Accelerators can include tertiary amines, N - Heterocyclic carbene or amidine / guanidine. Suitable promoters that can be used in this disclosure include N,N -Dimethylcyclohexylamine, N , N -Dimethylethanolamine, N 2,2'-Dimorpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholine diethyl ether, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, triethylenediamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether, N , N , N '-Trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, N , N , N' , N' -Tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, 1,3,5-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)-hexahydro-s-triazine, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, N -(3-aminopropyl)imidazolium, 1,2-dimethylimidazolium, 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene or 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene.

[0066] Accelerators can be organic acids, such as diphenyl phosphate, methanesulfonic acid, or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.

[0067] Accelerators can be inorganic accelerators, such as organometallic complexes. Suitable inorganic accelerators include: titanates, such as tetrabutyl titanate or tetrapropyl titanate; tin compounds, such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, tin octanoate, or dibutyltin oxide; or other metal compounds, such as bismuth, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, or iron, or their chelates, such as zirconium acetylacetonate or iron acetylacetonate.

[0068] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain at least 0.0001% by weight, such as at least 0.001% by weight, such as at least 0.01% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain no more than 5% by weight, such as no more than 1% by weight, such as no more than 0.25% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain from 0.0001% by weight to 5% by weight, such as from 0.001% by weight to 1% by weight, such as from 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight.

[0069] filler

[0070] The composition contains fillers. Useful fillers that can be included in the composition include cellulose, starch, acrylic resin, glass fiber, fibrous titanium dioxide, whisker-type calcium carbonate (aragonite), carbon fibers (including graphite and carbon nanotubes), borosilicates, aluminosilicates, calcium carbonate, etc. The fillers can be thermally conductive fillers, such as, for example, boron nitride, aluminum trihydrate, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, graphite, graphene, etc. The fillers can also be non-thermally conductive fillers, such as, for example, mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, glass microspheres, clay, silica, etc.

[0071] The filler may include thermally conductive and electrically insulating fillers (referred to herein as “TC / EI fillers” and described in more detail below) and / or thermally conductive and electrically conductive fillers (referred to herein as “TC / EC fillers” and described in more detail below). TC / EI and / or TC / EC (collectively, “thermally conductive fillers”) may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or the third component. The thermally conductive filler may comprise organic or inorganic materials and may comprise particles of a single type of filler material, or particles of two or more types of TC / EI fillers and / or two or more types of TC / EC fillers. That is, the filler may include a first TC / EI filler, and may further include at least a second (i.e., second, third, fourth, etc.) TC / EI filler in addition to the first TC / EI filler. Similarly, the filler may include a first TC / EC filler, and may further include at least a second (i.e., second, third, fourth, etc.) TC / EC filler in addition to the first TC / EC filler. As used herein with respect to the type of filler, references to “first,” “second,” etc., are for convenience only and do not refer to the order in which they are added to the composition, etc.

[0072] Based on the total volume of the filler, the composition may contain 100% by volume (e.g., not more than 90% by volume, or not more than 80% by volume) of thermally conductive filler material. Based on the total volume of the filler, the composition may contain at least 20% by volume (e.g., at least 50% by volume) of thermally conductive filler material. Based on the total volume of the filler, the composition may contain from 20% by volume to 90% by volume (e.g., from 50% by volume to 80% by volume) of thermally conductive filler material.

[0073] The filler may include non-thermally conductive fillers. That is, the compositions disclosed herein may also include non-thermally conductive, electrically insulating fillers (referred to herein as "NTC / EI" fillers). NTC / EI fillers may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or the third component. NTC / EI fillers may comprise organic or inorganic materials and may comprise particles of a single type of filler material, or particles of two or more types of NTC / EI fillers. That is, the composition may comprise a first NTC / EI filler, and in addition to the first NTC / EI filler, may further comprise at least a second (i.e., second, third, fourth, etc.) NTC / EI filler.

[0074] Based on the total volume of the filler, the composition may contain at least 10 vol% (e.g., at least 20 vol%) of non-thermal conductive filler. Based on the total volume of the filler, the composition may contain no more than 80 vol% (e.g., no more than 50 vol%) of non-thermal conductive filler. Based on the total volume of the filler, the composition may contain from 10 vol% to 80 vol% (e.g., from 20 vol% to 50 vol%) of non-thermal conductive filler.

[0075] Optionally, any filler in the packing may include a surface coating. The surface coating may include silanes, aminosilanes, and / or multidentate polymers.

[0076] The filler may have a reported average particle size of at least 0.01 μm (e.g., at least 2 μm, at least 10 μm) in at least one dimension, and may have a reported average particle size of no more than 500 μm (e.g., no more than 400 μm, no more than 300 μm, no more than 100 μm) in at least one dimension, as reported by the manufacturer. The filler may have an average particle size of 0.01 μm to 500 μm (e.g., 0.1 μm to 400 μm, 2 μm to 300 μm, 10 μm to 100 μm) in at least one dimension. The particle size may be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), such as a Quanta 250 FEG SEM or an equivalent instrument. For example, the powder may be dispersed on a carbon ribbon fragment attached to an aluminum rod and coated with Au / Pd for 20 seconds. The sample can then be analyzed in SEM under high vacuum (accelerating voltage 10 kV and spot size 3.0) to measure 30 particles from three different regions to provide the average particle size for each sample. Those skilled in the art will recognize that variations in the fundamental elements preserving microscopic imaging and average representative size can exist in this procedure. Alternatively, the particle size can be reported by the manufacturer.

[0077] Thermally conductive fillers may include particles and their agglomerates, each of which has, for example, a plate-like, spherical, needle-like, or irregular shape. As used herein, “plate-like” refers to a two-dimensional material having a substantially flat surface and a thickness in one direction of less than 25% of its maximum dimension.

[0078] Thermally conductive fillers (i.e., TC / EI and / or TC / EC fillers) can have at least 5% thermal conductivity at 25°C. W / m K (such as at least 18W / m) K, such as at least 55 W / m The thermal conductivity (K) can be no more than 3,000 at 25°C. W / m K (e.g., not exceeding 1,400 W / m) K, such as not exceeding 450 W / m The thermal conductivity of the filler (K) is [value missing]. The thermally conductive filler can have a conductivity of 5 [value missing] at 25°C. W / m K up to 3,000W / m K (such as 18 W / m) K up to 1,400 W / m K, such as 55 W / m K up to 450 W / m Thermal conductivity (K). Thermal conductivity can be measured according to ASTM D7984-21.

[0079] Non-thermal conductive fillers can have a temperature of less than 5 at 25°C. W / m K (e.g., not exceeding 3 W / m) K, such as not exceeding 1 W / m K, such as not exceeding 0.1 W / m K, such as not exceeding 0.05 W / m K, such as 0.02 W / m at 25℃ K up to 25℃ 5 W / m Thermal conductivity (K) (measured according to ASTM D7984-21). Thermal conductivity can be measured as described above.

[0080] The filler can be electrically insulating. Electrically insulating fillers can have a strength of at least 1 Ω. . m (such as at least 10 Ω) . m, such as at least 100 Ω . Volume resistivity (m). Electrical insulation can be measured according to ASTM D257-19.

[0081] The filler can be conductive. Conductive fillers can have a conductivity of less than 1 Ω. . m (such as less than 0.1 Ω) . Volume resistivity (m). Conductivity can be measured according to ASTM D257-19.

[0082] Suitable TC / EI fillers include: boron nitride (e.g., available from Saint-Gobain as CarboTherm, from Momentive as CoolFlow and PolarTherm, and from Panadyne as hexagonal boron nitride powder), silicon nitride or aluminum nitride (e.g., available from Micron Metals Inc. as aluminum nitride powder, and from Toyal as Toyalnite); metal oxides, such as boehmite, pseudoboehmite, alumina (e.g., available from Micron Metals Inc. as aluminum nitride powder, and from Toyal as Toyalnite); and metal oxides such as gibbsite, boehmite, and alumina (e.g., available from Micron Metals Inc. as aluminum nitride powder). Abrasives are commercially available from Microgrit, Nabaltec (Nabalox), Huber (Martoxid), Evonik (Aeroxide), and Imerys (Alodur); magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, or tin oxide; metal hydroxides, such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide; arsenides, such as boron arsenide; carbides, such as silicon carbide; minerals, such as agate and corundum; ceramics, such as ceramic microspheres (e.g., available from Zeeospheres Ceramics or 3M); silicon carbide; and diamond. These fillers can also be surface-modified, such as PYROKISUMA 5301K available from Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. These thermally conductive fillers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0083] Suitable TC / EC fillers include metals such as silver, zinc, copper, gold, or metal-coated hollow particles; carbon compounds such as graphite (e.g., Timrex available from Imerys or ThermoCarb available from Asbury Carbons), carbon black (e.g., available from Cabot Corporation as Vulcan), carbon fibers (e.g., available from Zoltek as ground carbon fibers), graphene and graphene carbon particles (e.g., xGnP graphene nanosheets available from XG Sciences and / or graphene particles, as described below); carbonyl iron; copper (e.g., spheroidal powders available from SigmaAldrich); zinc (e.g., Ultrapure available from Purity Zinc Metals and zinc powders XL and XLP available from US Zinc), etc. Examples of “graphene carbon particles” include carbon particles having a structure of one or more single-atom-thick planar sheets containing sp2-bonded carbon atoms, these carbon atoms being tightly packed in a honeycomb lattice. The average number of stacked layers can be less than 100, for example less than 50. The average number of stacked layers can be 30 or less, such as 20 or less, such as 10 or less, such as 5 or less. The graphene carbon particles can be substantially flat; however, at least a portion of the planar sheet can be substantially curved, curled, wrinkled, or buckled. The particles generally do not have a spherical or isometric morphology. Suitable graphene carbon particles are described in paragraphs

[0059] through

[0065] of U.S. Publication No. 2012 / 0129980, the referenced portion of which is incorporated herein by reference. Other suitable graphene carbon particles are described in U.S. Patent No. 9,562,175, 6:6 through 9:52, the referenced portion of which is incorporated herein by reference. As used herein, the term “substantially flat” means planar; “curved” or “curled” means that the material deviates from planarity due to having a non-zero curvature; and “wrinkled” or “bent” means that at least a portion of the area is thicker than a sheet, such that the plane is folded in half or folded itself.

[0084] Suitable NTC / EI fillers include, but are not limited to: mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, glass microspheres, clay, silica, or combinations thereof.

[0085] As used herein, the term "mica" generally refers to a flaky silicate (layered silicate) mineral. Mica can include muscovite. Muscovite is a layered silicate mineral containing aluminum and potassium, with the chemical formula KAl2(AlSi3O3). 10(F,OH)2 or (KF)2(Al2O3)3(SiO2)6(H2O). Exemplary, non-limiting, commercially available muscovite includes products sold under the trade name DakotaPURE™ from Pacer Minerals, such as DakotaPURE™ 700, DakotaPURE™ 1500, DakotaPURE™ 2400, DakotaPURE™ 3000, DakotaPURE™ 3500, and DakotaPURE™ 4000. Wollastonite comprises calcium silicate minerals (CaSiO3) that may contain small amounts of iron, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, titanium, and / or potassium. Wollastonite may have a thickness of 1.5 to 2.1 m. 2 BET surface area per g, such as 1.8 m² 2 / g, and the median particle size can be 6 micrometers to 10 micrometers, such as 8 micrometers. Non-limiting examples of commercially available wollastonite include NYAD 400, which is available from NYCO Minerals, Inc.

[0086] Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) can include precipitated calcium carbonate or heavy calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate may or may not undergo surface treatment, such as treatment with stearic acid. Non-limiting examples of commercially available precipitated calcium carbonate include Ultra-Pflex®, Albafil®, and Albacar HO® available from Specialty Minerals, and Winnofil® SPT available from Solvay. Non-limiting examples of commercially available heavy calcium carbonate include Duramite available from IMERYS. TM And Marblewhite®, available from Specialty Minerals.

[0087] Useful clay minerals include nonionic plate-like fillers such as talc, pyrophyllite, chlorite, vermiculite, or combinations thereof.

[0088] Glass microspheres can be hollow borosilicate glass. Non-limiting examples of commercially available glass microspheres include 3M glass bubble types VS, K series, and S series, which are available from 3M.

[0089] The packing material may include thermally stable packing material and / or thermally unstable packing material.

[0090] Based on the total weight of the composition, the filler may be present in the composition in an amount greater than 50% by weight, such as at least 60% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the filler may be present in the composition in an amount not exceeding 93% by weight, such as not exceeding 85% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the filler may be present in the composition in an amount greater than 50% by weight to 93% by weight, such as 60% by weight to 85% by weight.

[0091] thermal expansion materials

[0092] The compositions disclosed herein may further comprise a thermally expanding material. The thermally expanding material may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or the third component. As used herein, the term "thermally expanding" means pigments, fillers, encapsulating agents, thermoplastics, inorganic powders, capsules, microcapsules, etc., that undergo an increase in volume in at least one dimension upon heating.

[0093] Suitable examples of thermally expandable materials may include inorganic salts and / or thermally expandable graphite, such as thermally expandable graphite available from ACSMaterial.

[0094] Thermally expanding materials may include thermally expanding capsules. Thermally expanding capsules may include thermally expanding hollow capsules. Thermally expanding capsules may contain thermoplastic resins and / or volatile materials, such as volatile hydrocarbons and / or volatile gases. Thermally expanding capsules may contain a thermoplastic resin shell with a core of volatile material. Suitable thermally expanding materials include: Expancel, available from Nouryon, Advancell, available from Sekisui, etc.

[0095] The thermally expandable material may have an average initial (i.e., before expansion) particle size of at least 0.5 µm (e.g., at least 1 µm, at least 2 µm, at least 3 µm, at least 5 µm, at least 10 µm) as measured by methods known to those skilled in the art (such as laser diffraction or small-angle laser light scattering (LALLS)). The thermally expandable material may have an average initial (i.e., before expansion) particle size of no more than 100 µm (e.g., no more than 80 µm, at least 60 µm, at least 50 µm) as measured by methods known to those skilled in the art (such as laser diffraction or small-angle laser light scattering (LALLS)). The thermally expandable material may have an average initial (i.e., before expansion) particle size of 0.5 µm to 100 µm (e.g., 1 µm to 80 µm, at least 2 µm to 60 µm, at least 3 µm to 50 µm, at least 5 µm to 50 µm, at least 10 µm to 50 µm) as measured by methods known to those skilled in the art (such as laser diffraction or small-angle laser light scattering (LALLS)).

[0096] Thermally expandable materials may have an expansion temperature of at least 60°C (such as at least 70°C, at least 80°C, at least 90°C, at least 100°C, at least 110°C, at least 120°C, at least 130°C, at least 140°C, at least 150°C, at least 160°C, at least 170°C, at least 180°C, at least 190°C, at least 200°C, or not exceeding 250°C). As used herein, when referring to thermally expandable materials, the term "expansion temperature" means the temperature at which the particle size begins to increase due to an increase in volume at at least one latitude. In the case of thermally expandable capsules, the increase in particle size may be, for example, a result of the volatile material beginning to expand while the thermoplastic resin shell softens.

[0097] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain at least 0.5 wt% (e.g., at least 1 wt%) of thermally expanding material. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain no more than 20 wt% (e.g., no more than 10 wt%) of thermally expanding material. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain from 0.5 wt% to 20 wt% (e.g., from 1 wt% to 10 wt%) of thermally expanding material.

[0098] Dehumidifier

[0099] The composition may optionally include a desiccant. As used herein, a "desiccant" means a material capable of absorbing water or reacting with water to prevent it from reacting with other components of the composition.

[0100] Examples of suitable dehumidifiers that may be used in this disclosure include physical and chemical dehumidifiers. Suitable physical dehumidifiers include zeolites / molecular sieves. Suitable chemical dehumidifiers include oxazolidine, toluenesulfonyl isocyanate, orthoformate, alkoxysilane, or vinylsilane.

[0101] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain at least 0.1% by weight (e.g., at least 1% by weight) of desiccant. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain no more than 10% by weight (e.g., no more than 5% by weight) of desiccant. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight (e.g., from 1% by weight to 5% by weight) of desiccant.

[0102] plasticizer

[0103] The composition may optionally include a plasticizer. The plasticizer may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or the third or higher components. As used herein, the term "plasticizer" refers to a molecule or compound that does not have functional groups capable of reacting with molecules or compounds in the composition under the curing conditions of the composition, is non-volatile under ambient conditions, and is added to the composition to increase its plasticity, reduce its viscosity, lower its glass transition temperature (Tg), impart flexibility, and / or reduce friction during the processing of its manufacture.

[0104] Examples of plasticizers include diisononyl phthalate (Jayflex, available from ExxonMobil). TM DINP), diisodecyl phthalate (available from ExxonMobil, Jayflex) TM DIDP and alkyl benzyl phthalate (Santicizer 278, available from Valtris); benzoate plasticizers, such as dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (K-Flex®, available from Emerald Performance Materials); and other plasticizers, including dioctyl terephthalate terephthalate (DEHT, available from Eastman Chemical Company), alkyl sulfonates of phenol (Mesamoll, available from Borchers), and diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (Hexamoll DINCH, available from BASF). These plasticizers can be polymers such as polyacrylates.

[0105] Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain at least 0.1% by weight (e.g., at least 1% by weight) of plasticizer. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain no more than 20% by weight (e.g., no more than 10% by weight) of plasticizer. Based on the total weight of the composition, the composition may contain from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight (e.g., from 1% by weight to 10% by weight) of plasticizer.

[0106] additive

[0107] The composition may optionally include additives. Additives may be present in the first component, second component, and / or third or higher components. As used herein, “additive” includes rheology modifiers, including thixotropic agents, tackifiers, thermoplastic polymers, surfactants, dispersants, flame retardants, corrosion inhibitors, UV stabilizers, colorants, dyes, solvents, tackifiers, antioxidants, silanes, stabilizers, oils, and / or foaming agents. For example, certain thermally conductive materials (such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide) may also be flame retardants; or, for the purposes of calculations of weight percent herein, such materials are considered thermally conductive. As used herein, “flame retardant” refers to a material that slows or prevents the spread of fire or reduces its intensity. Flame retardants may be available in powder form, which may be mixed with the composition, foam, or gel. In examples, when the compositions disclosed herein contain flame retardants, such compositions may form a coating on a substrate surface, and such coating may act as a flame retardant. Flame retardants may include: minerals, organic compounds, organohalogen compounds, organophosphorus compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0108] Based on the total weight of the composition, the additive may be present in the composition in an amount of at least 0.1% by weight, such as at least 1% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the additive (if present) may be present in the composition in an amount of no more than 20% by weight, such as no more than 10% by weight. Based on the total weight of the composition, the additive (if present) may be present in the composition in an amount of 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, such as 1% by weight to 10% by weight.

[0109] Composition

[0110] The composition may contain an isocyanate equivalent to active hydrogen equivalent ratio of at least 0.75:1 (such as at least 1:1) (“NCO:OH+NH2”). The composition may contain an isocyanate equivalent to active hydrogen equivalent ratio of no more than 1.7:1 (such as no more than 1.4:1). The composition may contain an isocyanate equivalent to active hydrogen equivalent ratio of 0.75:1 to 1.7:1 (such as 1:1 to 1.4:1).

[0111] The first component and / or the second component can have a Pa at 25°C of at least 0.1 Pa. S (such as at least 10 Pa) The viscosity of the first and / or second components at 25°C may not exceed 3,000 Pa. s (such as not exceeding 50 Pa) The viscosity of the first and / or second components at 25°C can be 0.1 Pa. s to 3,000 Pa s (such as 10 Pa) s to 1,000 Pa The viscosity (s). Viscosity can be measured with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a viscosity of 1 s. -1 The shear rate was measured by parallel plate rheology.

[0112] The compositions disclosed herein can be formulated as, for example, coating compositions, such as adhesive compositions, such as structural adhesive compositions, potting compositions, foams, prepregs, liquid gasket compositions, sealant compositions, or gap filler compositions.

[0113] Under thermal conditions at at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expanding material, the thermally expanding material may have an expansion volume ratio (i.e., volume after expansion / volume before expansion) of at least 5 (e.g., at least 10, at least 20, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 125, at least 175, at least 200). Under thermal conditions at at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expanding material, the thermally expanding material may have a measured expansion volume ratio (i.e., volume after expansion / volume before expansion) of no more than 250. Under thermal conditions at at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expanding material, the thermally expanding material may have an expansion volume ratio (i.e., volume after expansion / volume before expansion) of 5 to 250 (e.g., 10 to 250, at least 20 to 250, at least 50 to 250, at least 75 to 250, at least 100 to 250, at least 125 to 250, at least 175 to 250, at least 200 to 250). The volume after expansion and the volume before expansion of the thermally expanding material can be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as SEM, laser diffraction, or LALLS.

[0114] Methods and Cured Coatings

[0115] The above compositions can be applied alone or as part of a system that can be deposited onto various substrates in a variety of different ways. Therefore, methods for treating substrates are disclosed herein, comprising or substantially comprising: contacting a surface of a substrate with any of the compositions disclosed herein. "Contacting a surface of the substrate" encompasses contacting a surface of a substrate that has been treated with another coating, as described herein. Optionally, the method may include mixing a first component and a second component to form a composition. The compositions can be applied to the surface of a substrate in various ways, non-limiting examples of which include brushes, rollers, films, pellets, putty knives, scrapers, dippers, spray guns, and applicator guns for forming coatings on substrate surfaces.

[0116] After being applied to a substrate, the composition can be cured. For example, the composition can be allowed to cure at room temperature or under mild heat for any desired period of time (e.g., 5 minutes to 1 hour) sufficient for the composition to cure on the substrate. Optionally, after contacting the substrate surface with the composition, the composition can be further cured by heating at elevated temperatures (e.g., below 90°C, below 80°C, below 70°C, below 60°C but above ambient temperature, above 40°C, above 50°C) for any desired period of time (e.g., 5 minutes to 1 hour) sufficient for the composition to cure on the substrate, provided that in a composition containing a thermally expanding material, the thermal conditions are below the expansion initiation temperature of that thermally expanding material. After curing, the composition can form a coating on the substrate surface. The coating can be, for example, an adhesive, such as a structural adhesive, potting compound, prepreg, liquid gasket, sealant, or gap filler. The composition can be cured to form an article, such as by additive manufacturing, such as three-dimensional (“3D”) printing as described below.

[0117] In compositions containing thermally expanding materials, the coatings disclosed herein can be cured to form a thermally expanding coating before the thermally expanding materials expand.

[0118] The method may optionally further include contacting the surface of the second substrate with the composition such that the composition is positioned between the first and second substrates. For example, the composition may be applied to one or both of the first and second substrates, such that the composition is positioned between the first and second substrates. In examples, the substrates may be aligned, and pressure and / or spacers may be added to control the bonding thickness.

[0119] The compositions can be applied to clean or unclean (i.e., oil-containing or oiled) substrate surfaces. The compositions disclosed herein can also be applied to substrates that have been pretreated, coated with an electrodepositable coating, and / or coated with additional coatings such as primers, undercoats, or topcoats.

[0120] The composition can be injected or otherwise placed in a die-casting machine or mold and dried or cured under ambient conditions or by exposure to an external energy source, such as by heating to a temperature below 180°C (such as below 130°C, such as below 90°C) to form a part or component and optionally can be machined into a specific configuration.

[0121] The compositions disclosed herein can be applied to a substrate surface and cured as described above to form a coating. The coating can be, for example, an adhesive, such as a structural adhesive, sealant, gap filler, potting compound, and / or liquid gasket.

[0122] Surprisingly, the coating exhibits one of the following:

[0123] (a) At -35°C, at least 3 The lap shear strength of MPa, the tensile strength at break of at least 10 MPa, the elongation at break of at least 10% and / or the Young's modulus of 100 MPa to 1,000 MPa.

[0124] (b) Under environmental conditions, a lap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa, a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%, and / or a Young's modulus of 6 MPa to 700 MPa; and / or

[0125] (c) At 60°C, at least 0.5 The lap shear strength is at least 4 MPa, the tensile strength at break is at least 4 MPa, the elongation at break is at least 10%, and / or the Young's modulus is from 6 MPa to 500 MPa.

[0126] Under environmental conditions, the lap shear strength of the sample containing thermally expandable material decreased by at least 12% after expansion, compared to the lap shear strength before expansion.

[0127] The thermal expansion coatings disclosed herein can exhibit a value of at least 0.5 at 25°C, as measured using an improved transient planar source instrument according to ASTM D7984-21. W / m K (relative to the thermal conductivity before expansion, such as at least 1 W / m) K, such as at least 2 W / m K, such as at least 3 W / m K, such as at least 4 W / m K, such as at least 5 W / m Thermal conductivity of K before expansion.

[0128] The thermally expandable coatings disclosed herein may have a reduction in thermal conductivity of at least 10% (such as at least 25%, at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%) after exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material relative to the thermal conductivity before expansion (measured at 25°C using an improved transient planar source instrument according to ASTM D7984-21).

[0129] After exposure to thermal conditions (at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expanding material), when measured at 25°C and by methods known to those skilled in the art (such as SEM, laser diffraction, or LALLS), the thermally expanding material may have an expansion volume ratio (i.e., volume after expansion / volume before expansion) greater than 1 (such as at least 1.1, at least 1.2, at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 10, at least 20, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 125, at least 175, at least 200).

[0130] The thermally expanding coatings disclosed herein may have an expanded volume ratio greater than 1 (such as at least 1.1, at least 1.2, at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 3, at least 5, at least 10, at least 20), wherein the expanded volume ratio = expanded volume (measured at 25°C after exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expanding material) / unexpanded volume (measured at 25°C before exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expanding material), and wherein the volume is measured using calipers and the coating is viscous / non-fragile.

[0131] 3D printing

[0132] The compositions disclosed herein can be applied or deposited using any suitable method, including those described above. Alternatively, the compositions can be cast, extruded, molded, or machined to form parts or components in a cured state.

[0133] The composition can be used in any suitable additive manufacturing technology, such as 3D printing, extrusion, jetting, and binder jetting. Additive manufacturing refers to the process of producing parts or components by building them layer by layer (such as one layer at a time).

[0134] This disclosure also relates to the use of additive manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing, to produce structural articles, such as acoustic damping liners, printed gaskets, or seals, as non-limiting examples. 3D printing refers to a computerized process, optionally including artificial intelligence modulation, in which material is printed or deposited in successive layers to produce 3D parts or components, such as acoustic damping liners in a battery assembly, as a non-limiting example. 3D parts or components can be produced by depositing successive portions or layers on a base of any spatial configuration, and then depositing additional portions or layers on and / or adjacent to the previously deposited portions or layers to produce 3D-printed parts or components.

[0135] It should be understood that the configuration of the 3D printing process (including the selection of suitable deposition equipment) depends on factors such as deposition volume, viscosity of the composition, and complexity of the part being manufactured. Any suitable mixing, delivery, and 3D printing equipment known to those skilled in the art can be used. The composition can be printed or deposited in droplets or extrusions of any size and / or shape and in any pattern to produce 3D structures.

[0136] The compositions disclosed herein can be applied or deposited using any suitable 3D printing method known to those skilled in the art. The first and second components of the 2K composition can be mixed and then deposited, or the first and second components can be deposited separately, such as simultaneously and / or sequentially.

[0137] The first and second components can be premixed, i.e., mixed, before application and then deposited. The mixture may react or become thermosetting during material deposition. The deposited reaction mixture can react after deposition and may also react with previously deposited portions of the article and / or subsequently deposited portions (such as the underlying layer or overlay of the article).

[0138] In a non-limiting example, the first and second components may be released from their respective storage containers and propelled (e.g., pumped) through conduits (e.g., hoses) to a mixer (e.g., a static or dynamic mixer), where the compositions can be mixed for a time sufficient to homogenize them, and the compositions can then be released through an outlet. The outlet may be a deposition device (e.g., a printhead), and / or the material may exit the mixing unit and be propelled (e.g., by pump) through conduits (e.g., hoses) to the printhead. The printhead may optionally be mounted on a 3D rotary robotic arm to allow the 3D printing composition to be delivered to any substrate in any spatial configuration, and / or the substrate may be manipulated in any spatial configuration during the 3D printing process.

[0139] Alternatively, the first and second components can be deposited independently of different printheads. The first component can be deposited from one printhead and the second component can be deposited from a second printhead. The first and second components can be deposited in any pattern, such that the first and second components, including any deposited layers, can react together and with the underlying and / or upper layers to produce 3D printed parts or components.

[0140] The method provided in this disclosure includes printing a composition onto a manufactured part. The method provided in this disclosure also includes directly printing the part.

[0141] Using the methods provided in this disclosure, components can be manufactured. The entire component can be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein, one or more portions of the component can be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein, one or more distinct portions of the component can be formed using the compositions disclosed herein, and / or one or more surfaces of the component can be formed from the compositions provided in this disclosure. Additionally, internal regions of the component can be formed from the compositions provided in this disclosure. In addition to a coating formed from one of the aforementioned compositions (i.e., a “second” coating), any of the substrates disclosed herein may also contain a dielectric coating. A substrate may include a dielectric coating on a first substrate surface and a second coating on a second substrate surface.

[0142] This document also discloses a coating system. The coating system may include: a dielectric coating composition for application to a first substrate surface; and any of the compositions disclosed herein for application to a second substrate surface. In a cured state, the dielectric coating composition can form a dielectric coating. In a cured state, the composition can form a second coating.

[0143] This document also discloses a dielectric coating kit. The coating kit may include: a dielectric coating composition for application to a first substrate surface; and any of the compositions disclosed herein for application to a second substrate surface. Optionally, the kit may include instructions for applying the dielectric coating composition and the disclosed compositions to the substrate surface.

[0144] As used herein, with respect to dielectric coatings and second coatings, and systems and kits comprising compositions for forming these coatings, the first substrate surface and the second substrate surface may be on a single substrate or may be on the first substrate and the second substrate, respectively.

[0145] The dielectric coating composition and the composition can form continuous or discontinuous coatings, provided that these coatings overlap to form a coating stack, for example, a second coating formed by the composition on a dielectric coating formed by the dielectric coating composition. Such a coating stack does not preclude the possibility of coatings other than the dielectric coating and the second coating, wherein such additional coatings may or may not be located between the dielectric coating and the second coating. Optionally, the coating stack may be formed between two substrates.

[0146] As used herein, “dielectric” means a composition or coating that contains a dielectric strength of at least 10 kV / mm (such as at least 12 kV / mm, such as at least 15 kV / mm) as measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second drop).

[0147] The dielectric coating composition may include a binder comprising a film-forming resin. As used herein, "film-forming resin" refers to one or more monomers, oligomers, prepolymers, and / or polymers, such as homopolymers and / or copolymers, that can form a coating upon reaction with a curing agent or crosslinking agent, upon solvent evaporation, and / or upon light or thermal activation. The dielectric coating composition may contain any suitable film-forming resin, including organic and / or inorganic film-forming resins, such as silicon-based film-forming resins. Examples of suitable film-forming resins include, but are not limited to: polyesters, alkyd resins, urethanes, isocyanates, polyureas, epoxy resins, acrylics, polyethers, polysulfides, polyamines, polyamides, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysiloxanes, amine-aldehydes, resin polyols, phosphorylated polyepoxides, phosphorylated acrylic polymers, amino plastics, or combinations thereof.

[0148] The dielectric coating composition may optionally include a curing agent and / or a crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking with the film-forming resin to cure the dielectric coating composition. Any suitable curing agent and / or crosslinking agent capable of crosslinking with the film-forming resin may be used. Examples of suitable curing agents include, but are not limited to: amines; amino plastics; phenolic plastics; polyisocyanates, including terminal isocyanates; polyepoxides; β-hydroxyalkylamides; polybasic acids; organometallic acid functional materials; polyamines; polyamides; polysulfides; polythiols; polyolefins, such as polyacrylates; polyols; polysilanes; and combinations thereof.

[0149] The dielectric coating composition may optionally further comprise colorants, pigments, additives, and / or fillers. Suitable fillers that can be used in the dielectric coating composition include TC / EI filler materials, TC / EC filler materials, and / or thermally insulating and electrically insulating filler materials.

[0150] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermosetting coating composition, wherein the coating composition cures upon crosslinking of a film-forming resin with a curing agent and / or a crosslinking agent. Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermoplastic coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises a film-forming resin that cures upon evaporation of water and / or solvent. Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermosetting or thermoplastic coating composition that cures upon exposure to photochemical radiation, such as ultraviolet light.

[0151] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a liquid coating composition or a powder coating composition. As used herein, when referring to a dielectric coating composition, "liquid" means having a Pa value of less than 100,000 at 25°C. A material with a viscosity of s, which, when passed through a plate with a diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s. -1 The parallel plate rheology is used for measurement.

[0152] Suitable liquid coating compositions include, but are not limited to, electrodepositable coating compositions, single-component coating compositions, and / or multi-component coating compositions.

[0153] For example, a liquid dielectric coating composition may comprise an electrodepositable coating composition. The electrodepositable coating composition may comprise one or more film-forming resins containing cationic or anionic salt groups, which can be deposited onto a metal or other conductive substrate under the influence of an applied potential (i.e., by electrodeposition).

[0154] In other examples, the liquid dielectric coating composition may comprise a UV-curable coating composition comprising a film-forming resin capable of curing upon exposure to UV radiation. Any suitable UV-curable film-forming resin may be used, such as a radical polymerizable resin containing alkenyl unsaturation or alkene double bonds and / or a film-forming resin that can be reacted via a cationic photopolymerization mechanism. Examples of suitable UV-curable coating compositions that may be used include, but are not limited to, the RAYCRON series of UV-curable coatings commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc.

[0155] Other suitable liquid dielectric coating compositions include, but are not limited to, solvent-based coating compositions from the SPECTRACRON series and water-based coating compositions from the AQUACRON series, all of which are commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc. Liquid dielectric coatings can also be applied as two-component compositions, wherein the film-forming resin and the reactive curing agent and / or crosslinking agent are mixed immediately prior to the application of the coating composition, and can optionally be cured under ambient conditions without any external energy source.

[0156] Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a powder coating composition. As used herein, “powder coating composition” means any dielectric coating composition in particulate form, in the form of a co-reactive solid, which may be substantially free of, substantially free of, or completely free of water and / or solvents. Suitable film-forming resins that may be used in dielectric powder coating compositions include those discussed in paragraphs

[0006] to

[0042] ,

[0057] to

[0068] ,

[0088] to

[0105] , and

[0128] to

[0139] of PCT Publication WO 2021 / 173941A1, which are incorporated herein by reference. Non-limiting examples of suitable powder compositions that may be used in this disclosure include: polyester-based ENVIROCRON series powder coating compositions (commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc.), silicone-modified polyester compositions, epoxy-polyester blends, and / or UV-curable powder compositions.

[0157] The dielectric coating composition can be applied to a substrate by any suitable method known in the art, including but not limited to electrodeposition, roll coating, spraying (such as electrostatic spraying), flow coating, spin coating, curtain coating, brush coating, dip coating, hot melt extrusion, application of self-supporting films, and / or the use of a fluidized bed. Once applied to the substrate, the dielectric coating composition can be cured by any method known in the art, such as baking, induction heating, infrared heating, and / or exposure to photochemical radiation (such as UV).

[0158] The dielectric coating formed from the dielectric coating composition disclosed herein may contain a dielectric strength of at least 10 kV / mm (such as at least 12 kV / mm, such as at least 15 kV / mm). The dielectric coating may contain a dielectric strength not exceeding 120 kV / mm (such as not exceeding 100 kV / mm). The dielectric coating may contain a dielectric strength from 10 kV / mm to 120 kV / mm (such as 12 kV / mm to 100 kV / mm, such as 15 kV / mm to 100 kV / mm). The dielectric strength can be measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second drop).

[0159] Substrate

[0160] The compositions described herein can be coated or deposited on, or otherwise contacted with, any substrate, such as, but not limited to, metals or metal alloys, polymeric materials (such as plastics, including filled and unfilled thermoplastic or thermosetting materials), and / or composite materials. Other suitable substrates include, but are not limited to, glass or natural materials (such as wood). The substrate may include two or more of any combination of different materials, such as, but not limited to, two different metals; or metals and metal alloys; or metals and metal alloys with one or more composite materials.

[0161] Suitable substrates may include, but are not limited to, flexible and rigid metallic substrates, such as ferrous metals, aluminum, aluminum alloys, magnesium, titanium, copper, and other metallic and alloy substrates. Ferrous metal substrates may include, for example, iron, steel, and their alloys. Non-limiting examples of available steel materials include: cold-rolled steel, nickel-plated cold-rolled steel, galvanized (zinc-coated) steel, electro-galvanized steel, stainless steel, pickled steel, zinc-iron alloys (such as GALVANNEAL), and combinations thereof. Aluminum alloys, such as, for example, aluminum alloys of the 1XXX, 2XXX, 3XXX, 4XXX, 5XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX, or 8XXX series, as well as clad aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys, such as, for example, clad aluminum alloys of the A356, 1XX.X, 2XX.X, 3XX.X, 4XX.X, 5XX.X, 6XX.X, 7XX.X, or 8XX.X series, may also be used as substrates. The substrate may also include, for example, magnesium, such as magnesium alloys of the AZ31B, AZ91C, AM60B or EV31A series, titanium and / or titanium alloys, such as titanium alloys of grades 1-36, including H-grade variants, copper and copper alloys or other non-ferrous metals, and alloys of these materials. The substrate may include composite materials, such as plastics, glass fiber and / or carbon fiber composites.

[0162] It should also be understood that the substrate may include a bare substrate, or the substrate may be at least partially pretreated or pre-coated with one or more layers. Suitable pretreatment solutions may include, but are not limited to, zinc phosphate pretreatment solutions, such as those described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,793,867 and 5,588,989, or zirconium-containing pretreatment solutions, such as those described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 7,749,368 and 8,673,091, which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0163] The substrate can be in any form, such as, but not limited to, sheets, foils, laminated foils, pads, prefabricated parts, components, or articles. Compositions containing the materials disclosed herein can be used to coat substrates, such as by depositing, applying, or contacting the composition with the substrate surface. Compositions in a at least partially cured state can be used in any form, such as, but not limited to, coatings, sealants, adhesives, potting or encapsulating agents (such as solids or gels), such as in-situ formed pads or discrete prefabricated or pre-formed pads.

[0164] In the example, the substrate may be a multi-metal article. As used herein, the term “multi-metal article” means (1) an article having at least one surface containing a first metal and at least one surface containing a second metal different from the first metal, (2) a first article having at least one surface containing a first metal and a second article having at least one surface containing a second metal different from the first metal, or (3) both (1) and (2).

[0165] The compositions disclosed herein are not limited and are particularly suitable for use in a wide range of industrial or transportation applications, including automotive, commercial transportation, rail locomotives, marine, and / or aerospace applications. Suitable substrates for use in this disclosure include substrates used in components of vehicle bodies (e.g., but not limited to doors, body panels, trunk lids, top panels, hoods, top and / or longitudinal beams, rivets, landing gear assemblies, and / or skins used on aircraft), vehicle frames, vehicle parts, motorcycles, wheels, and industrial structures and components. As used herein, “vehicle” or variations thereof include, but are not limited to, civil vehicles, light and heavy commercial vehicles, civil and military aircraft, and / or land vehicles such as automobiles, motorcycles, and / or trucks. Other suitable substrates include armored components (such as armored components on tanks) or protective clothing (such as body armor, personal armor, armored suits, etc.).

[0166] Figures 1 to 9 Non-limiting examples of battery assembly components and constructions are shown, as well as non-limiting applications or uses of the compositions disclosed herein in said battery assemblies. Although Figures 1 to 9 Specific examples of cell shapes and cell arrangements are shown, but cells can be arranged in any configuration known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, the compositions disclosed herein, in a at least partially cured state, can be used to form gaskets, adhesives, coatings, potting compounds, etc., to provide thermal protection between battery cells, within battery modules, and / or battery packs. These materials can be used on any surface or in any space within such battery assemblies. For example, the compositions disclosed herein can also be used in battery assemblies, including but not limited to cell-to-module (C / C) modules. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6B ) Module to Group ( Figure 6C , Figure 7 Unit to group () Figure 8 ), and the unit to chassis battery assembly ( Figure 9 Such battery assemblies can be used in, but are not limited to, any of the applications described above.

[0167] A battery assembly can be any combination of one or more battery cells, interconnects that provide conductivity between battery cells, and auxiliary components, such as control electronics and components that, in non-limiting instances, ensure the structural, mechanical, and environmental requirements necessary for the operation of a particular battery (e.g., but not limited to, cell interconnects such as wires, battery pack housings including trays and covers, module housings, module frames and frame plates, module supports, cooling and heating assemblies including cooling plates, cooling fins and cooling tubes, electrical busbars, battery management systems, battery thermal management systems, chargers, inverters, and converters).

[0168] Battery cell 10 is typically a single-cell energy storage container that can be connected in series or parallel. The battery cell can be any suitable size or shape known to those skilled in the art, such as, but not limited to, cylindrical. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 9 ), prismatic ( Figure 2 , Figures 5 to 8 ) and / or bag-shaped ( Figure 3 The battery cell 10 is enclosed to provide the desired mechanical protection and environmental isolation for the cell. For example, cylindrical and prismatic cells can be encased in metal cans, boxes, and lids, while pouch cells can be encased in multilayer laminated foil. Battery terminals 1 connect the electrodes inside the battery cell to an external circuitry, with one terminal being the positive terminal and the other the negative terminal. Figure 4 As shown, the battery cell 10 can be connected in series or in parallel with other battery cells 10 via the interconnect wire 5 so that current can flow between the cells 10.

[0169] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, battery cells 10 can be arranged in a module 100 comprising multiple cells 10 connected in series or parallel. Module 100 may include at least a portion of the housing of the arranged battery cells 10. Auxiliary components, such as those described above, may be included. Spaces of any size may be located between any inner surfaces of the multiple cells, auxiliary components, base and / or module walls or other housings 120.

[0170] Figure 1 A top view of a cylindrical battery cell 10 having a terminal 1 is shown. As shown, the cells are arranged in rows, with cooling tubes 3 or dielectric insulating paper (e-paper) 4 between the rows. As shown, materials optionally formed from compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as adhesives 6 and / or potting compounds 7, may be positioned between the cells 10, the cooling tubes 3, and / or the e-paper 4.

[0171] Figure 2An exploded isometric view of an array of prismatic cell units 10 is shown. As shown, each prismatic cell 10 may include a top 11, a bottom, and a wall 13 positioned between the top and bottom, each having a surface. As shown, a material formed from the composition disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as a gasket 8, may be positioned between the surfaces of the cell walls 13 of adjacent cells 10.

[0172] Figure 3 A cross-sectional front view of an array of pouch cell units 10 in module 100 is shown. Module walls 120 at least partially surround the units 10. As shown, a material formed from the composition disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as a gasket 8, may be positioned between the surfaces of the units 10.

[0173] Figure 4 An isometric view of cylindrical cells 10 in a battery module 100 is shown. Each cell may include a top 11, a bottom 12, and a wall 13 positioned between the top and bottom, each having a surface. The top 11 and bottom 12 may be terminals with opposite charges, one terminal being a positive terminal 1 and the other a negative terminal (not shown). Battery cells may be connected at their terminals via interconnects, such as wires 5, to allow current to flow between electrical cells. Module 100 or module wall 120 may form a space with a volume. Cell 10 may be positioned within the space to consume a portion of the volume. A material formed from the compositions disclosed herein, such as potting compound 7, may be positioned within the space to consume at least a portion of the volume, such that the material is adjacent to the surface of cell wall 13 and / or the inner surface of at least one of the walls 120 of module 100.

[0174] Figure 5 An exploded perspective view of a battery module 100 is shown, which includes one or more arrays of battery cells 10, cooling fins 230, and a cooling plate 240. Materials formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as gaskets 8, may be positioned between the cells 10. Additional gaskets 8 may be positioned between the cells 10, the inner surfaces of the cooling fins 230, the cooling plate 240, and / or the wall 120. Other gaskets 8 may be positioned adjacent to the outer surface of the wall 120.

[0175] Figure 6 shows battery cell 10 ( Figure 6A ) to battery module 100 ( Figure 6B ) to battery pack 200 ( Figure 6C Isometric view of the battery assembly. Battery module 100 includes a plurality of battery cells 10, and battery pack 200 includes a plurality of battery modules 100.

[0176] Figure 7A perspective view of a cutout in the battery pack 200 is shown. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules 100 and cells 10 located within each module 100. The base of the battery pack 200 includes a cooling plate 240. A material formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as adhesive 9, may be positioned between the cooling plate 240 and the inner surface of the wall of the battery pack 200. A material formed from the compositions disclosed herein in a at least partially cured state, such as gasket 8, may be positioned between the cells 10 within the module 100.

[0177] Figure 8 An isometric view of the assembly from unit 10 to battery pack 200 is shown. Unit 10 is arranged within pack 200 (rather than in a separate module).

[0178] In other cases, the battery cells may be arranged on or within the article, such as, but not limited to, Figure 9 The units shown are used to construct the battery assembly from the chassis, wherein one or more units are used to build the battery assembly without prior assembly of the units into modules and / or groups. Figure 9 An isometric sectional view of the unit to the chassis battery assembly 300 is shown. The unit 10 is arranged on a base that includes a chassis 55 and is supported by a vehicle frame 45 and located below the vehicle interior floor 35.

[0179] Any battery assembly may further include a thermal management system comprising air or fluid circuitry, which may be liquid-based (e.g., ethylene glycol solution) or based on a direct refrigerant.

[0180] Uses of the composition and coating

[0181] The compositions disclosed herein can be used to form coatings having at least one of the following properties:

[0182] (a) At -35°C, at least 3 The lap shear strength of MPa, the tensile strength at break of at least 10 MPa, the elongation at break of at least 10% and / or the Young's modulus of 100 MPa to 1,000 MPa.

[0183] (b) Under environmental conditions, a lap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa, a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%, and / or a Young's modulus of 6 MPa to 700 MPa; and / or

[0184] (c) At 60°C, at least 0.5 The lap shear strength is at least 4 MPa, the tensile strength at break is at least 4 MPa, the elongation at break is at least 10%, and / or the Young's modulus is from 6 MPa to 500 MPa.

[0185] Furthermore, the compositions containing thermally expanding materials disclosed herein can be used to form coatings, wherein:

[0186] (a) Under environmental conditions, the lap shear strength of the expanded coating decreases by at least 12%;

[0187] (b) The coating exhibits a strength of at least 0.5 at 25°C, as measured using an improved transient planar source instrument according to ASTM D7984-21. W / m Thermal conductivity before expansion, K (such as at least 2 W / mK);

[0188] (c) The expanded coating has a thermal conductivity reduction of at least 10% (such as at least 25%) relative to its pre-expansion thermal conductivity; a

[0189] (d) After exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expanding material, the thermally expanding material has an expansion volume ratio greater than 1, such as at least 2, as measured by SEM; and / or

[0190] (e) The coating has an expanded volume ratio greater than 1 (such as at least 2), wherein the volume is measured using calipers and the coating is viscous / non-fragmentable.

[0191] definition

[0192] For the purposes of this detailed description, it should be understood that alternative variations and sequences of steps may be taken in this disclosure, except where expressly stated otherwise.

[0193] Report the values ​​listed in the specific implementation as accurately as possible. However, any value inherently contains some error that is necessarily caused by the standard deviation found in its corresponding test measurement results.

[0194] Furthermore, all numerical ranges described herein are intended to encompass all subranges described herein. For example, the range “1 to 10” is intended to include (and encompass) all subranges between the stated minimum value of 1 and the stated maximum value of 10, i.e., a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.

[0195] As used herein, the terms “comprising,” “containing,” and similar terms are understood in the context of this application to be synonymous with “comprising” and are therefore open-ended, not excluding the presence of additional undescribed or unstated elements, materials, components, or method steps. As used herein, “consisting of” is understood in the context of this application to exclude the presence of any unspecified elements, components, or method steps. As used herein, “generally consisting of” is understood in the context of this application to include the specified elements, materials, components, or method steps “as well as elements, materials, components, or method steps that do not materially affect the essential and novel features of the described content.” As used herein, open-ended terms include closed-ended terms such as “generally consisting of” and “consisting of”.

[0196] In addition, in this application, unless otherwise expressly stated, the use of “or” means “and / or”, even if “and / or” can be explicitly used in certain situations.

[0197] As used herein, the terms “on,” “to,” “applied to,” “formed on,” “deposited on,” “deposited onto,” etc., mean to form, cover, deposit, or be disposed on a substrate surface, but not necessarily in contact with the substrate surface. For example, a composition “applied to” a substrate surface does not exclude the presence of one or more other intermediate coatings or films of the same or different compositions located between the composition and the substrate surface.

[0198] As used herein, "composition" or "coating composition" refers to a solution, mixture, or dispersion capable of forming a coating on a substrate surface. "Coating" as used herein includes films, layers, etc.

[0199] As used herein, “sealant composition” refers to a coating composition that forms a sealant in its cured state.

[0200] As used herein, “sealant” refers to a coating having a tensile strength of at least 0.05 MPa, which is measured according to ISO-37 TYPE 2 using an Instron 4443 machine in tensile mode at a pulling rate of 10 mm / min.

[0201] As used herein, "gap filler composition" refers to a coating composition that forms a gap filler in its cured state.

[0202] As used herein, “gap filler” refers to filler that fills gaps and has a strength of at least 0.001 N / mm² as measured according to ASTM D2095. 2 The coating enhances the strength of the mating joint.

[0203] As used herein, "adhesive composition" refers to a coating composition that forms an adhesive in its cured state.

[0204] As used herein, “adhesive” refers to a coating that produces a load-bearing joint (such as a load-bearing joint with an lap shear strength of at least 0.05 MPa, as determined by using an Instron 5567 machine in tensile mode at a pull rate of 1 mm / min, according to ASTM D1002-10).

[0205] As used herein, “structural adhesive” refers to a cured coating that produces a load-bearing joint having an lap shear strength of at least 5 MPa, measured in tensile mode using an Instron 5567 machine according to ASTM D1002-10 at a pull rate of 1.3 mm / min.

[0206] As used herein, “potting compound composition” refers to a curable composition that forms a potting compound when cured.

[0207] As used in this article, "encapsulating agent" refers to an encapsulating agent.

[0208] As used herein, "prepreg" refers to a composition in which reinforcing fibers are prepreged before curing.

[0209] As used herein, “liquid gasket composition” refers to a curable composition that forms a liquid gasket when cured.

[0210] As used in this article, "liquid gasket" refers to a coating that eliminates gaps between substrate surfaces.

[0211] As further defined herein, environmental conditions generally refer to room temperature (e.g., 23°C) and indoor humidity conditions, or temperature and humidity conditions typically found in the area where the composition is applied to the substrate, such as at 10°C to 40°C and 5% to 80% relative humidity, while microthermal conditions are temperatures slightly above ambient temperature but generally below the expansion initiation temperature of the composition (i.e., in other words, temperatures and humidity conditions below which the reactive components will readily react and cure, such as at > (At 40°C and below 220°C, and relative humidity of 20% to 80%).

[0212] As used herein, the terms "two-component" or "2K" refer to compositions in which, when mixed, the reactive components readily associate to form interactions or react to form bonds (physical or chemical), i.e., to cure without activation from an external energy source, such as under ambient or microthermal conditions. Those skilled in the art will understand that the two components of the composition are stored separately and mixed just before application. Two-component compositions may optionally be heated or baked, as described below.

[0213] As used herein, “reactive component” refers to a component of a composition containing isocyanates or active hydrogen functional groups, including difunctional isocyanate-containing prepolymers, first and second difunctional polyols, monofunctional isocyanate molecules, polyfunctional isocyanate molecules, monofunctional alcohols, polyfunctional polyols, additives having hydrogen functional groups (such as amines, thiols, or hydroxyl-terminated functional groups), and aromatic amines.

[0214] As used herein, the terms “cure” and similar terms refer to the cross-linking (i.e., interaction and / or reaction) of the reactive components of a composition to form a coating or bond. In the case of 2K compositions, the composition begins to cure when the components are mixed, thereby causing reactions of the reactive functional groups of the components and / or physical interactions between the components.

[0215] When used in conjunction with a coating composition, the term "curable" means that the composition can be cured under ambient and / or microthermal conditions.

[0216] As used herein, “dielectric” means a coating or composition having a dielectric strength of at least 50 kV / mm as measured according to ASTM D149-09 using a Sefelec dielectric strength tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax limit 0.1 mA, 19-second ramp, 20-second dwell, 2-second drop).

[0217] As used in this article, “Mn” is the exponentially average molecular weight, for example, when using a Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer, polystyrene standards, at 1 mL min -1 The theoretical values ​​were determined by gel permeation chromatography using tetrahydrofuran as the eluent and two PL gels mixed with a C1 column for separation at a flow rate of [value missing].

[0218] As used herein, "isocyanate equivalent weight" refers to the total weight of the isocyanate-containing component divided by the molar equivalent of the isocyanate functional groups. The value can be determined as per the isocyanate content measured according to ASTM D2572.

[0219] As used herein, “active hydrogen” refers to hydrogen that can be replaced when a nitrogen-containing, oxygen-containing, and / or sulfur-containing functional group reacts as a nucleophile with a suitable electrophile, and can be determined, for example, by the Zerewitinoff test. Examples of functional groups containing active hydrogen include amines, hydroxyl groups, and thiols.

[0220] As used herein, “active hydrogen equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of the component containing active hydrogen divided by the molar equivalent of the active hydrogen functional group. For clarity, this paper assumes that the primary amine has one active hydrogen for the reaction with isocyanate. The active hydrogen equivalent weight can be determined from the amine equivalent weight and the hydroxyl equivalent weight.

[0221] "Amine equivalent weight" refers to the total weight of the amine-containing components divided by the molar equivalent of the amine functional groups, which can be determined according to ASTM D6979-03.

[0222] "Hydroxy equivalent weight" refers to the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing components divided by the molar equivalent of the hydroxyl functionality, which can be determined, for example, according to ASTM D4247-23.

[0223] As used in this article, "aromatic" when referring to a compound means that the compound contains at least one aromatic ring.

[0224] As used in this article, when referring to a specific functional group, the term "monofunctional" refers to a molecule containing only one such functional group.

[0225] As used in this article, when referring to a specific functional group, the term "bifunctional" refers to a molecule containing two such functional groups.

[0226] As used in this article, when referring to a specific functional group, the term "multifunctional" refers to a molecule containing more than two functional groups.

[0227] As used in this article, “polymer” refers to oligomers, homopolymers, and copolymers.

[0228] As used herein, "small molecule" refers to a molecule that contains a discrete chemical structure, has a molecular weight of less than 400 g / mol, and is not a polymer (i.e., not composed of repeating units). The molecular weight of small molecules can be determined by mass spectrometry. Many references, such as Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook Appropriate mass spectrometry methods for various types of small molecules are provided in (3rd edition, 2018, edited by Jürgen Gross).

[0229] As used herein, the terms "thermally conductive filler" or "TC filler" refer to fillers with a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W / m at 25°C. thermal conductivity of K (according to ASTM) Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders (measured by D7984-21).

[0230] As used herein, the terms "non-thermal conductive filler" or "NTC filler" refer to fillers with a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W / m at 25°C. thermal conductivity of K (according to ASTM) Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders (measured by D7984-21).

[0231] As used herein, the terms "electrically insulating filler" or "EI filler" refer to fillers with a dielectric strength of at least 1 Ω. . Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders with a volume resistivity of m (measured according to ASTM D257-19).

[0232] As used herein, the terms "conductive filler" or "EC filler" refer to fillers with a conductivity of less than 1 Ω. . Pigments, fillers, or inorganic powders with a volume resistivity of m (measured according to ASTM D257-19).

[0233] As used herein, the term "solvent" refers to a molecule or compound that is used to reduce the viscosity of a resin, is volatile under ambient conditions, and does not have reactive functional groups that can react with the molecules or compounds in the composition.

[0234] As used herein, the term "reactive diluent" refers to a molecule or compound that is used to reduce the viscosity of a resin but has at least one functional group capable of reacting with molecules or compounds in the composition.

[0235] As used herein, the term "system" refers to a variety of compositions applied to a substrate surface to result in the formation of multiple layers on the substrate surface. This system may be part of a production line (such as a factory production line) that produces finished substrates or treated substrates suitable for use in another production line. Unless otherwise indicated, references to "first composition," "second composition," etc., when used with respect to "system" are not intended to suggest a particular processing sequence, but are merely for ease of reference.

[0236] As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the term "substantially free" means that the specific material has not been intentionally added to the mixture or composition individually, and is present only in trace amounts of less than 0.05% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture or composition. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the term "largely free" means that the specific material is present only in amounts of less than 0.01% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture or composition. As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the term "completely free" means that the mixture or composition does not contain the specific material individually, i.e., the mixture or composition contains 0% by weight of such material.

[0237] In view of the foregoing description, this disclosure therefore relates specifically to, but is not limited to, aspects 1 to 101.

[0238] aspect

[0239] 1. A composition comprising:

[0240] The first component comprises an isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer;

[0241] The second component comprises a polyol having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1000 g / mol;

[0242] Aromatic diamines; and

[0243] The filler, based on the total weight of the composition, is present in an amount greater than 50% by weight and up to 93% by weight.

[0244] The number-average molecular weight is determined using a separation module equipped with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, at a concentration of 1 ml / min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent, and two separation columns were measured by gel permeation chromatography at a flow rate of [value missing].

[0245] 2. The composition according to aspect 1, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer comprises a diisocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer.

[0246] 3. The composition according to aspect 2, wherein the diisocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer comprises the reaction product of reactants, the reactants including diisocyanate and difunctional polyol.

[0247] 4. The composition according to aspect 2 or aspect 3, comprising at least 50% by weight, such as at least 70% by weight, of a diisocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer based on the total weight of the isocyanate-containing composition.

[0248] 5. The composition according to any one of aspects 2 to 4, comprising at least 85% by weight, such as 100% by weight, of a diisocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer based on the total weight of the isocyanate-containing compound.

[0249] 6. The composition according to any one of aspects 2 to 5, comprising, based on the total weight of the isocyanate-containing compound, an amount not exceeding 98% by weight of a diisocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer.

[0250] 7. The composition according to any one of aspects 2 to 6, comprising, based on the total weight of the isocyanate-containing compound, an amount of 50% to 100% by weight, such as 70% to 100% by weight, of a diisocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer.

[0251] 8. The composition according to any one of aspects 2 to 7, comprising, based on the total weight of the isocyanate-containing compound, an amount of 85% to 100% by weight, such as 85% to 98% by weight, of a diisocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer.

[0252] 9. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects further comprises a second isocyanate-containing compound, such as (i) a monofunctional isocyanate-containing monomer, small molecule, polymer and / or prepolymer and / or (ii) a polyfunctional monofunctional isocyanate-containing monomer, small molecule, polymer and / or prepolymer.

[0253] 10. The composition according to aspect 9, comprising, based on the total weight of the isocyanate-containing compound, an amount not exceeding 50% by weight, such as not exceeding 30% by weight, of a second isocyanate-containing compound.

[0254] 11. The composition according to aspect 9 or aspect 10, comprising, based on the total weight of the isocyanate-containing composition, an amount not exceeding 15% by weight, such as not exceeding 2% by weight, of a second isocyanate-containing compound.

[0255] 12. The composition according to any one of aspects 9 to 11, comprising, based on the total weight of the isocyanate-containing compound, an amount of 2% to 50% by weight, such as 2% to 30% by weight, of a second isocyanate-containing compound.

[0256] 13. The composition according to any one of aspects 9 to 12, comprising a second isocyanate compound in an amount of 2% to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the isocyanate compound.

[0257] 14. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the composition is substantially free of, or substantially free of, or completely free of monofunctional isocyanate compounds and / or polyfunctional isocyanate compounds.

[0258] 15. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, and can be processed in 1 ml min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent at a flow rate of at least 500 g / mol, and Mn, such as at least 750 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography on both separation columns.

[0259] 16. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, and can be processed in 1 ml min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran used as eluent at a flow rate of no more than 5,000 g / mol and Mn such as no more than 2,500 g / mol, as measured by gel permeation chromatography on two separation columns.

[0260] 17. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, and can be processed in 1 ml min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran was used as the eluent at flow rates of 500 g / mol to 3,000 g / mol, and Mn was measured by gel permeation chromatography on two separation columns, ranging from 750 g / mol to 2,500 g / mol.

[0261] 18. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has an isocyanate equivalent weight of at least 250 g / eq, such as at least 300 g / eq.

[0262] 19. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has an isocyanate equivalent weight of not more than 2,500 g / eq, such as not more than 1,250 g / eq.

[0263] 20. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has an isocyanate equivalent weight of 250 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq, such as 300 g / eq to 1,250 g / eq.

[0264] 21. The composition according to any one of aspects 3 to 20, wherein the reactants comprising the polyol have a separation module having a differential refractometer and a polystyrene standard, at 1 ml min -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent at a flow rate of at least 60 g / mol, and Mn, such as at least 90 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography on both separation columns.

[0265] 22. The composition according to any one of aspects 3 to 21, wherein the reactants comprising polyols have a separation module having a differential refractometer and a polystyrene standard, at 1 ml min -1 Tetrahydrofuran used as eluent at a flow rate of no more than 5,000 g / mol and Mn such as no more than 2,000 g / mol, as measured by gel permeation chromatography on two separation columns.

[0266] 23. The composition according to any one of aspects 3 to 22, wherein the reactants comprising the polyol have a separation module having a differential refractometer and a polystyrene standard, at 1 ml min -1 Tetrahydrofuran was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, and Mn was measured by gel permeation chromatography on two separation columns, ranging from 90 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol.

[0267] 24. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, comprising at least 2% by weight, such as at least 5% by weight, of an isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer based on the total weight of the composition.

[0268] 25. The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects comprises, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount not exceeding 44% by weight, such as not exceeding 20% ​​by weight, of an isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer.

[0269] 26. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount of 2% to 44% by weight, such as 5% to 20% by weight, of an isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer.

[0270] 27. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a 1 s -1 The shear rate measured by parallel plate rheology at 25°C is at least 0.1 Pa. S such as at least 10 Pa The viscosity of s.

[0271] 28. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a 1 s -1 The shear rate measured by parallel plate rheology at 25°C is not more than 100 Pa. S such as not exceeding 50 Pa The viscosity of s.

[0272] 29. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer has a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a 1 s -1 The shear rate measured by parallel plate rheology at 25°C was 0.1 Pa. s to 100 Pa s such as 10 Pa s to 50 Pa The viscosity of s.

[0273] 30. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the polyol of the second component has a separation module having a differential refractometer and a polystyrene standard, and can be separated in 1 ml min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent at a flow rate of [value missing], and Mn at a rate of at least 2,000 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography on both separation columns.

[0274] 31. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the polyol of the second component has a separation module having a differential refractometer and a polystyrene standard, and can be separated in 1 ml min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent at a flow rate of [value missing], and Mn, measured by gel permeation chromatography on two separation columns, not exceeding 8,000 g / mol.

[0275] 32. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the polyol of the second component has a separation module having a differential refractometer and a polystyrene standard, and can be separated in 1 ml min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent at flow rates of [missing information], and Mn, such as 2,000 g / mol to 4,000 g / mol, were measured by gel permeation chromatography on two separation columns at flow rates greater than 1,000 g / mol to 8,000 g / mol.

[0276] 33. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the polyol of the second component comprises a bifunctional polyol and / or a polyfunctional polyol.

[0277] 34. The composition according to aspect 33, comprising at least 60% by weight, such as at least 70% by weight, of the bifunctional polyol and / or the polyfunctional polyol based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compounds in the second component.

[0278] 35. The composition according to aspect 33 or aspect 34, comprising, based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compound in the second component, 100% by weight or at least 99% by weight of the bifunctional polyol and / or the polyfunctional polyol.

[0279] 36. The composition according to any one of aspects 33 to 35, comprising, based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compound in the second component, an amount of 60% to 100% by weight, such as 50% to 100% by weight, of the bifunctional polyol and / or the polyfunctional polyol.

[0280] 37. The composition according to any one of aspects 33 to 36, comprising, based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compound in the second component, an amount of 60% to 99% by weight, such as 70% to 99% by weight, of the difunctional polyol and / or the polyfunctional polyol.

[0281] 38. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects further comprises a second polyol in addition to a polyol having more than 1,000 g / mol of Mn, the second polyol comprising a monofunctional alcohol, a difunctional polyol and / or a polyfunctional polyol.

[0282] 39. The composition according to aspect 38, comprising, based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compound in the second component, an amount not exceeding 40% by weight, such as not exceeding 30% by weight, of the second polyol.

[0283] 40. The composition according to aspect 38 or aspect 39, comprising, based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compound in the second component, an amount not exceeding 5% by weight, such as not exceeding 1% by weight, of the second polyol.

[0284] 41. The composition according to any one of aspects 38 to 40, comprising, based on the total weight of the hydroxyl-containing compound in the second component, an amount of 1% to 40% by weight, such as 1% to 30% by weight, of the second polyol.

[0285] 42. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises the polyol having 1,000 g / mol of Mn and the second polyol in an amount of at least 2% by weight, such as at least 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0286] 43. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises the polyol having 1,000 g / mol of Mn and the second polyol, in an amount not exceeding 27% by weight, such as not exceeding 20% ​​by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0287] 44. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises the polyol having 1,000 g / mol of Mn and the second polyol in an amount of 2% to 27% by weight, such as at least 5% to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0288] 45. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the aromatic amine comprises a sterically hindered aromatic amine and / or a liquid amine.

[0289] 46. ​​The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the aromatic amine comprises a molecular weight of at least 100 g / mol, such as at least 125 g / mol, as measured by mass spectrometry.

[0290] 47. The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the aromatic amine comprises a molecular weight of not more than 750 g / mol, such as not more than 500 g / mol, as measured by mass spectrometry.

[0291] 48. The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the aromatic amine comprises a molecular weight of 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol, such as 125 g / mol to 500 g / mol, as measured by mass spectrometry.

[0292] 49. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, comprising at least 0.2% by weight, such as at least 0.5% by weight, of an aromatic diamine based on the total weight of the composition.

[0293] 50. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, comprising, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount not exceeding 6% by weight, such as not exceeding 3% by weight, of the aromatic diamine.

[0294] 51. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, comprising, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount of 0.2% to 6% by weight, such as 0.5% to 3% by weight, of the aromatic diamine.

[0295] 52. The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects, wherein the filler comprises (i) a thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler; (ii) a thermally conductive and electrically conductive filler; and / or (iii) a non-thermally conductive and electrically insulating filler.

[0296] 53. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, comprising, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount greater than 50% to 93% by weight, such as 60% to 93% by weight, of the filler.

[0297] 54. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, comprising at least 60% to 85% by weight of the filler based on the total weight of the composition.

[0298] 55. The composition according to aspect 53 or aspect 54, comprising, based on the total volume of the filler, an amount of 100 vol% such as not exceeding 90 vol% of thermally conductive filler.

[0299] 56. The composition according to any one of aspects 53 to 55, comprising, based on the total volume of the filler, an amount not exceeding 80% by volume of the thermally conductive filler.

[0300] 57. The composition according to any one of aspects 53 to 56, comprising, based on the total volume of the filler, at least 20 vol% such as at least 50 vol% of a thermally conductive filler material.

[0301] 58. The composition according to any one of aspects 53 to 57, comprising, based on the total volume of the filler, an amount of 20 vol% to 90 vol% such as 50 vol% to 80 vol% of the thermally conductive filler material.

[0302] 59. The composition according to any one of aspects 53 to 58, comprising at least 10 vol% such as at least 20 vol% of non-thermal conductive filler based on the total volume of the filler.

[0303] 60. The composition according to any one of aspects 53 to 59, comprising, based on the total volume of the filler, an amount not exceeding 80% by volume, such as not exceeding 50% by volume, of the non-thermal conductive filler.

[0304] 61. The composition according to any one of aspects 53 to 60, comprising, based on the total volume of the filler, an amount of 10 vol% to 80 vol% such as 20 vol% to 50 vol% of the non-thermal conductive filler.

[0305] 62. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects further comprises a thermally expanding material, such as an inorganic salt, thermally expanding graphite, and / or a thermally expanding capsule, such as a thermally expanding capsule comprising a thermoplastic resin and / or a volatile material.

[0306] 63. The composition according to aspect 62, wherein the thermally expanding material has an expansion temperature of at least 60°C, such as at least 90°C.

[0307] 64. The composition according to aspect 62 or aspect 63, wherein the thermally expanding material has an expansion temperature not exceeding 250°C, such as 60°C to 250°C.

[0308] 65. The composition according to any one of aspects 62 to 64, comprising at least 0.5% by weight, such as at least 1% by weight, of the thermally expanding material based on the total weight of the composition.

[0309] 66. The composition according to any one of aspects 62 to 65, comprising, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount not exceeding 20% ​​by weight, such as not exceeding 10% by weight, of the thermally expanding material.

[0310] 67. The composition according to any one of aspects 62 to 66, comprising, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount of 0.5% to 20% by weight, such as 1% to 10% by weight, of the thermally expanding material.

[0311] 68. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects further comprises a desiccant, a plasticizer, and / or an additive.

[0312] 69. The composition according to aspect 68, comprising at least 0.1% by weight, such as at least 1% by weight, of the plasticizer based on the total weight of the composition.

[0313] 70. The composition according to aspect 68 or aspect 69, comprising, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount not exceeding 20% ​​by weight, such as not exceeding 10% by weight, of the plasticizer.

[0314] 71. The composition according to any one of aspects 68 to 70, comprising, based on the total weight of the composition, an amount of 0.1% to 20% by weight, such as 1% to 10% by weight, of the plasticizer.

[0315] 72. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises at least a ratio of isocyanate equivalent to active hydrogen equivalent of at least 0.75:1, such as at least 1:1.

[0316] 73. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises an isocyanate equivalent to an active hydrogen equivalent ratio of not more than 1.7:1, such as not more than 1.4:1.

[0317] 74. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects comprises an isocyanate equivalent to an active hydrogen equivalent of 0.75:1 to 1.7:1, such as 1:1 to 1.4:1.

[0318] 75. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the first component and / or the second component comprises a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a time of 1 s. -1 The shear rate measured by parallel plate rheology at 25°C is at least 0.1 Pa. S such as at least 10 Pa The viscosity of S.

[0319] 76. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the first component and / or the second component comprises a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a time of 1 s. -1 The shear rate measured by parallel plate rheology at 25°C is not more than 3,000 Pa. s such as not exceeding 50 Pa The viscosity of S.

[0320] 77. The composition according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the first component and / or the second component comprises a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a time of 1 s. -1 The shear rate measured by parallel plate rheology at 25°C was 0.1 Pa. s to 3,000 Pa s such as 10 Pa s to 1,000 Pa The viscosity of s.

[0321] 78. The composition according to any one of the preceding aspects, formulated as a coating composition, such as an adhesive composition, such as a structural adhesive composition, a potting compound composition, a foam, a prepreg, a liquid gasket composition, a sealant composition, or a gap filler composition.

[0322] 79. The composition according to any one of aspects 62 to 78, wherein the thermally expanding material has an expansion volume ratio of at least 5, such as at least 25.

[0323] 80. The composition according to any one of aspects 62 to 79, wherein the thermally expanding material has an expansion volume ratio of not more than 250.

[0324] 81. The composition according to any one of aspects 62 to 80, wherein the thermally expanding material has an expansion volume ratio of 5 to 250, such as 25 to 250.

[0325] 82. A substrate having a coating formed on its surface by the composition of any one of the preceding claims.

[0326] 83. The substrate according to aspect 82, further comprising a dielectric coating on the surface.

[0327] 84. A battery comprising a substrate as described in aspect 82 or aspect 83.

[0328] 85. Use of the composition according to any one of aspects 1 to 81 for forming a coating having an lap shear strength of at least 3 MPa at -35°C.

[0329] 86. The use according to aspect 85, wherein the use forms a coating having a tensile strength at break of at least 10 MPa at -35°C.

[0330] 87. The use according to aspect 85 or aspect 86, wherein the use forms a coating having a tensile elongation at break of at least 10% at -35°C.

[0331] 88. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 87, wherein the use is formed at -35°C having 100 Coatings with Young's modulus ranging from MPa to 1,000 MPa.

[0332] 89. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 88, wherein the use forms a coating having an overlap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa under ambient conditions.

[0333] 90. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 89, wherein the use forms a coating having a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa under ambient conditions.

[0334] 91. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 90, wherein the use forms a coating having a tensile elongation at break of at least 10% under ambient conditions.

[0335] 92. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 91, wherein the use forms a coating having a Young's modulus of 6 MPa to 700 MPa under ambient conditions.

[0336] 93. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 92, wherein the use is formed at 60°C having a temperature of at least 0.5 Coating with an overlap shear strength of MPa.

[0337] 94. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 93, wherein the use is formed at 60°C having at least 4 Coating with a tensile strength at break of MPa.

[0338] 95. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 94, wherein the use forms a coating having a tensile elongation at break of at least 10% at 60°C.

[0339] 96. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 95, wherein the use is formed at 60°C having a pressure of 6 MPa to 500 MPa. Coating with a Young's modulus of MPa.

[0340] 97. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 96, wherein the use forms a coating having a lap shear strength reduction of at least 12% relative to the lap shear strength before expansion after expansion under ambient conditions.

[0341] 98. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 97, wherein the use is formed at 25°C having at least 0.5 W / m² as measured using an improved transient planar source instrument according to ASTM D7984-21. K, such as a coating with an expansion thermal conductivity of at least 2 W / mK.

[0342] 99. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 98, wherein the use forms a coating having a thermal conductivity reduction of at least 10%, such as at least 25%, relative to the thermal conductivity before expansion.

[0343] 100. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 99, wherein the use forms a coating, wherein after exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expanding material, the thermally expanding material has an expansion volume ratio greater than 1, such as at least 2, when measured by SEM.

[0344] 101. The use according to any one of aspects 85 to 100, wherein the use forms a coating having an expanded volume ratio greater than 1, such as at least 2, wherein the volume is measured using calipers and the coating is internally viscous / non-fragmented.

[0345] The following examples illustrate this disclosure; however, these examples should not be construed as limiting this disclosure to its details.

[0346] Example

[0347] Unless otherwise indicated, all portions and percentages in the following examples are by weight.

[0348] Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymers

[0349] Add a mixture of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (107.0 g, 0.410 equivalent NCO) to a round-bottom flask and heat the mixture to 70 °C. In a separate flask, mix a polytetrahydrofuran-based diol (Mw = 1000 g / mol, 124.2 g, 0.0828 equivalent OH) and a polypropylene oxide-based diol (Mw = 1000 g / mol, 57.3 g, 0.0382 equivalent OH). Add the polyol mixture over approximately 1 hour, ensuring the temperature of the mixture does not exceed 90 °C. Maintain the mixture at 70 °C for approximately 1 hour until the measured isocyanate equivalent weight of the mixture is 333 g / eq. Add 1,4-butanediol (11.4 g, 0.084 equivalent OH) to the mixture over approximately 1 hour, ensuring the temperature of the mixture does not exceed 90 °C. The mixture was kept at 70°C for approximately 1 hour until the measured isocyanate equivalent weight of the mixture was 504 g / eq, as determined by titration. Titration was performed by dissolving the isocyanate sample in a solution of dibutylamine in toluene (as solvent), stirring the mixture for 20 minutes, and then diluting with isopropanol. Excess dibutylamine was back-titrated with HCl solution.

[0350] Preparation of Examples 1 to 11

[0351] Unless otherwise specified, all compositions and test samples were prepared as follows: Polyols and additives were combined in a DAC cup and mixed for one minute at 2200 rpm on a Hauschild 600.1 FVZ SpeedMixer. If the polyol was solid at room temperature, it was heated to its melting point until it became liquid before mixing. Solid additives (if used) were added one at a time, mixed for one minute at 2200 rpm between each addition. Final mixing was performed on a SMART DAC 1100.3 VAC-P using the following configuration parameters: 1. 500 rpm, 3.6 counter rpm for 45 seconds. 2. 1000 rpm, 2.0 counter rpm for 120 seconds. 3. 1000 rpm, 3.6 counter rpm for 75 seconds. 4. 1000 rpm, 8.0 counter rpm for 120 seconds, while degassing at 0 bar pressure. If Part A contains multiple resins, premix them in a SpeedMixer at 2200 rpm for one minute. Measure the viscosity of the first and second components (i.e., Part A and Part B) using an MCR-92 parallel plate rheometer instrument (25 mm spindle diameter) from Anton Paar according to ISO 3219:1993. To combine the mixture containing isocyanate and polyol, combine the two parts in a cup and immediately mix in a SpeedMixer at 2200 rpm for one minute before use.

[0352] The lap-cut samples were prepared using 0.063'' 2024 T3 aluminum stock ordered from BRALCO Metals according to ASTM D1002-10. Before etching in ChemDeox 395 (PPG), the panel surface was cleaned with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) by first wetting the substrate in DI water for one minute, then immersing it in the etching solution heated to 38°C for one minute, and finally rinsing it in DI water for one minute.

[0353] Apply the freshly mixed composition to an overlapped shear sample and lightly and evenly sprinkle 30 mil glass spacer beads (MO-SCI Online) onto the surface. Clamp the composition and beads to a second substrate at the desired overlap size and secure them together using small binders to form a 1'' x ½'' bond size. Remove excess composition from the joint using a metal spatula. All samples were cured at 25°C and 50% relative humidity for at least seven days. The "pie" for the cut stretch sample was formed by pouring in the freshly mixed composition in an open PTFE mold to a thickness of [missing information]. Level the sample. Cure the sample as described above. Once cured, cut test samples from the pie using an ISO 37-2 mold. Perform lap shear and tensile tests on an INSTRON 68TM-50 machine according to ASTM D1002-10 and ISO 527. The lap shear test was performed at a rate of 13 mm / min. Thermal conductivity samples were prepared by casting the sample into a mold to obtain a sample with a diameter of at least 30 mm and a height of 5 mm and allowing the composition to cure as described above. The thermal conductivity of the sample was then measured according to ASTM D7984-21 using a modified transient planar source MTPS instrument from C-Therm Technologies Ltd.

[0354] Place the sample containing the expanding material in an oven at 120°C for 30 minutes to allow the expansion process / swelling to occur. Cool the sample to ambient temperature before testing mechanical properties at the specified temperature.

[0355] Table 1. Effect of thermally conductive filler loading on mechanical and thermal properties

[0356]

[0357] Table 1 shows compositions with increased amounts of thermally conductive filler (measured as filler weight % of the total composition). These results indicate that compositions with 50% or less filler loading have a thermal conductivity of 0.49 ± 0.02 W / mK or less. Compositions without thermally conductive filler (Example 2) exhibit strength and flexibility but are not thermally conductive. Example 4, including thermally conductive filler, demonstrates that systems loaded with thermally conductive filler also achieve lap shear and tensile strengths above 1 MPa, as well as high lap shear displacement and elongation at break over a certain temperature range.

[0358] Table 2. Effect of isocyanate equivalent weight on mechanical and thermal properties

[0359]

[0360] Table 2 shows compositions containing different isocyanate prepolymers with different equivalent weights. Examples 1, 5, and 6 were formulated with different equivalent weights (544, 880, and 263, respectively) and each exhibited a value higher than 1 at 25°C. The material exhibits a tensile strength of MPa and an elongation at break of over 20%. At -35°C, the material becomes harder, and the elongation at break decreases with increasing tensile strength. Furthermore, increasing the equivalent weight of the polymer results in a harder sample, as evidenced by an increase in Young's modulus over the tested temperature range (Examples 5 and 6).

[0361] Table 3. Effects of isocyanates on mechanical and thermal properties

[0362]

[0363] Table 3 illustrates the effects of using a polymeric isocyanate component to replace the isocyanate prepolymer in the preparation of thermally conductive adhesive materials. In Example 7, the isocyanate prepolymer was replaced with a polymeric isocyanate. As shown in Examples 7 and 8, replacing the isocyanate prepolymer with a polymeric isocyanate resulted in unusable materials. In Example 7, using the same molar composition ratio as in Example 1, the sample immediately generated a large exothermic reaction upon mixing (i.e., the sample had a short pot life), which prevented the formation of a sample usable for analysis. Therefore, the mechanical and thermal properties of Example 7 could not be evaluated. In Example 8, a similar weight ratio as in Example 1 was maintained, and a sample was formed for the evaluation of some mechanical and thermal properties. However, by adjusting based on the weight ratio rather than the equivalence ratio, the isocyanate equivalence ratio was changed, and therefore the sample formed in Example 8 was more brittle and harder than the sample formed in Example 1, and had lower mechanical and thermal properties compared to the sample made with the isocyanate prepolymer (Example 1). These examples demonstrate that excluding the prepolymer and replacing it with a polymer resulted in samples unusable for testing due to their short pot life.

[0364] Table 4. Effects of aromatic diamines on mechanical and thermal properties

[0365]

[0366] Table 4 shows a comparison between Example 1, which contains an aromatic diamine, and Example 9, which does not contain an aromatic diamine. The inclusion of an aromatic diamine (Example 1) improves the mechanical properties. Example 9 (which does not contain an aromatic diamine) exhibits a lower lap shear strength (<1) at 25°C. (MPa), and the overall mechanical properties decrease within the temperature range during testing.

[0367] Table 5. Mechanical and thermal properties of compositions containing thermally expandable fillers

[0368]

[0369] Table 5 shows a comparison between Example 1 and Examples 10 and 11, which contain thermally expanding materials. The results indicate that adding thermally expanding materials allows the thermally conductive adhesive to be transformed into an insulating adhesive material, as shown by the reduction in thermal conductivity before and after expansion. Surprisingly, the addition of thermally expanding materials, in addition to a high content of filler, resulted in a reduction in thermal conductivity of over 95% after the expansion process.

[0370] While specific aspects of this disclosure have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alternatives to those details can be developed based on the general teachings of this disclosure. Therefore, the specific arrangements disclosed are intended to be illustrative only and not to limit the scope of this disclosure, which is defined by the full scope of the appended claims and any and all their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: The first component comprises an isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer; The second component comprises a polyol having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1000 g / mol; Aromatic diamines; and The filler, based on the total weight of the composition, is in an amount greater than 50% by weight and up to 93% by weight. The number-average molecular weight is determined using a separation module equipped with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, at a concentration of 1 ml / min. -1 Tetrahydrofuran, used as the eluent, and two separation columns were measured by gel permeation chromatography at a flow rate of [value missing].

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein: (a) The polyol comprises a liquid; (b) The isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer comprises an isocyanate equivalent weight of 250 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq; (c) The isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer comprises a separation module using a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, in 1 ml min -1 Tetrahydrofuran used as eluent at flow rates of 500 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol and Mn measured by gel permeation chromatography on two separation columns; (d) The polyol comprises a separation module equipped with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, in 1 ml min -1 Tetrahydrofuran used as eluent at a flow rate of [missing information] and Mn greater than 1,000 g / mol to 8,000 g / mol as measured by gel permeation chromatography on both separation columns; and / or (e) The aromatic diamine has a molecular weight of 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol as measured by mass spectrometry.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer comprises a difunctional isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer.

4. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer comprises the reaction product of reactants, said reactants comprising (i) diisocyanate and (ii) difunctional polyol.

5. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a second isocyanate-containing compound.

6. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyol having more than 1000 g / mol of Mn comprises a bifunctional polyol.

7. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises: (a) The isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of 2% to 44% by weight; (b) 2% to 27% by weight of the said polyol having a Mn concentration greater than 1,000 g / mol; and / or (c) The aromatic diamine in an amount of 0.2% to 6% by weight; Wherein the weight % is based on the total weight of the composition.

8. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a second polyol.

9. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aromatic diamine comprises a liquid aromatic diamine and / or a sterically hindered aromatic diamine.

10. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the filler comprises a thermally conductive filler.

11. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises an isocyanate equivalent to an active hydrogen equivalent ratio of 0.75:1 to 1.7:

1.

12. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the isocyanate-functionalized polyurethane prepolymer comprises a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a 1 s -1 The shear rate was measured by parallel plate rheology, and the viscosity ranged from 0.1 Pa*S to 100 Pa*S at 25°C.

13. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first component and / or the second component comprises a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a time of 1 s. -1 The shear rate was measured by parallel plate rheology, and the viscosity ranged from 0.1 Pa*S to 3,000 Pa*S at 25 °C.

14. A method for treating a substrate, the method comprising: The surface of the substrate is brought into contact with the composition according to any one of the preceding claims.

15. A substrate having a coating on its surface, the coating being formed from a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

16. The substrate of claim 15, further comprising a dielectric coating on the surface.

17. The substrate according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a battery cell.

18. A battery comprising a battery cell according to claim 17 and optionally a battery assembly.

19. A vehicle comprising the battery according to claim 18.

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