Method for making pit mud-based nutrient soil and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for preparing cellar mud-based nutrient soil and its application, belonging to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization and soil improvement technology. The invention involves air-drying and pulverizing waste fermentation cellar mud from a soy sauce-flavored liquor brewing process, then mixing it with fresh distiller's grains, biogas slurry, or fermentation water. A controlled, medium-high temperature stacking fermentation process is used for fermentation, yielding the cellar mud-based nutrient soil. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as low organic matter utilization and insufficient microbial activity caused by direct mixing or short-term aging of cellar mud and distiller's grains. The actively controlled fermentation process achieves deep decomposition and transformation of the cellar mud and distiller's grains. The resulting nutrient soil has high organic matter content, strong microbial activity, and good water and fertilizer retention properties. This nutrient soil can be used as a seedling substrate, potted plant fertilizer, or soil conditioner. This invention realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste such as cellar mud and distiller's grains, offering significant economic and environmental benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization and soil improvement technology, specifically to a method and its application of actively controlled stacking fermentation to prepare nutrient soil using waste cellar mud from the brewing of soy sauce-flavored liquor as the main raw material, combined with fresh distiller's grains and biogas slurry / fermentation water. Background Technology

[0002] The fermentation pit mud produced during the brewing of Maotai-flavor baijiu is a special purplish-red mud rich in organic matter, humic acid, and unique brewing microorganisms (such as caproic acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria), which is a key source of baijiu flavor. Traditionally, waste fermentation pit mud is mostly disposed of as solid waste, which not only wastes resources but may also cause environmental pollution.

[0003] Currently, some studies have attempted to use cellar mud and distiller's grains to prepare cultivation substrates or nutrient soil.

[0004] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN119586519B discloses a flower cultivation soil based on waste pit mud and distiller's grains, and its preparation method. The method involves grading and screening the waste pit mud, mixing the purplish-red mud with sand and gravel in a specific ratio, then mixing it with distiller's grains, adding lime and surfactants, and finally allowing it to stand and accumulate to obtain the flower cultivation soil. However, this technical solution uses a physical mixing method and does not degrade the large molecular organic matter in the pit mud and distiller's grains, making it difficult for plants to directly absorb and utilize, resulting in a slow release of fertilizer effects.

[0005] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN115974617A discloses a method for producing flower nutrient soil using waste distiller's grains and cellar mud. The method involves composting and fermenting raw materials such as distiller's grains and cellar mud to produce mature materials, which are then combined with modified biochar, peat moss, perlite, vermiculite, compound microbial agents, compound absorbent resin, earthworm castings, and other components to obtain the nutrient soil. However, this technical solution has a complex raw material composition (more than 7 components), a cumbersome preparation process, and the product is a compound of multiple components, not a single fermentation product.

[0006] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN119039085A discloses a method for preparing organic fertilizer based on waste from liquor brewing. The method involves mixing cellar mud, sludge, and distiller's grains, followed by self-fermentation (25-40℃, 7-15 days), and then adding earthworms for cultivation to obtain earthworm castings organic fertilizer. However, this technical solution employs low-temperature, short-cycle self-fermentation and must be combined with earthworm cultivation, making the process complex and time-consuming (total cycle 37-60 days). Furthermore, the raw materials must include sludge or cellar bottom mud.

[0007] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preparing cellar mud-based nutrient soil. By introducing an actively controlled medium-high temperature stacking fermentation process, combined with biogas slurry or fermentation water with specific physicochemical properties, deep decomposition and transformation of cellar mud and distiller's grains are achieved. Compared to D1, this invention uses a fermentation process instead of physical mixing, significantly improving the availability of organic matter. Compared to D2, this invention has a simpler raw material composition (only cellar mud, distiller's grains, and biogas slurry / fermentation water), and the product is a single fermentation product, requiring no additional components. Compared to D3, this invention uses medium-high temperature fermentation (55-60℃), has a moderate fermentation cycle (28-32 days), requires no earthworm farming, and has a simpler process and shorter cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for preparing cellar mud-based nutrient soil and its application, thereby solving the technical problems in the prior art, such as low organic matter utilization rate, insufficient microbial activity, complex raw material composition, and cumbersome process in the resource utilization of cellar mud and distiller's grains. Technical solution

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for preparing a pit mud-based nutrient soil includes the following steps: Step (1): After removing impurities from the waste fermentation pit mud of soy sauce-flavored liquor, air dry it under natural conditions until the moisture content is 15%-20%, then crush it through a 40-80 mesh sieve to obtain pit mud powder.

[0010] Step (2): By weight, take 140-160 kg of pit mud powder and 20-40 kg of fresh distiller's grains and mix them evenly. Add biogas slurry or distiller's grain water. The amount of biogas slurry or distiller's grain water added is 80-100 kg per ton of compound fermentation material.

[0011] Step (3): Use the stacking fermentation method, control the temperature of the pile to 55-60℃, turn the pile once every 2 days, and the fermentation cycle is 28-32 days, so that the organic matter in the cellar mud and lees can be fully degraded into small molecules that can be absorbed by plants, and cellar mud-based nutrient soil is obtained.

[0012] Preferably, the waste cellar mud is waste purplish-red mud from the brewing of soy sauce-flavored baijiu, and its physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 5.24-8.87, EC value 2.08-1670 us / cm, organic matter 19.42-278.11 g / kg, total nitrogen 0.26-0.81%, total phosphorus 0.18-0.19%, total potassium 0.26-0.33%, available phosphorus 82.89-1144.98 mg / kg, available potassium 1618.55-3994.83 mg / kg, CaO 1.67-17.16 g / kg, MgO 3.78-16.27 g / kg, and Fe2O3 24.71-72.10 g / kg.

[0013] Preferably, the fresh lees are by-products of soy sauce-flavored baijiu brewing, and their physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 4.00-4.86, water content 54.96-56.38%, total nitrogen 4.24-4.51%, total phosphorus 0.57-0.73%, total potassium 0.64-0.70%, organic carbon 41.5-44.0%, and C / N ratio 8.45-9.76.

[0014] Preferably, the biogas slurry is the product obtained after anaerobic fermentation of soy sauce-flavored liquor lees, and its physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 8.41-8.46, organic matter 39.26-39.80 g / L, humic acid 2.97-3.23 g / L, total free amino acids 1.51-1.78 g / L, total nitrogen 4.81-5.81 g / L, total phosphorus 1.19-2.39 g / L, total potassium 4.18-7.31 g / L, total calcium 1.45-2.67 g / L, total magnesium 0.14-0.29 g / L, total iron 93.94-232.64 mg / L, total zinc 13.81-27.84 mg / L, total boron 2.41-19.29 mg / L, and total molybdenum 0.08-0.16 mg / L.

[0015] Preferably, the leachate from the fermented grains is the filtrate after the fermentation of soy sauce-flavored liquor, and its physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 4.28-4.57, organic matter 246.09-246.52 g / L, humic acid 0.93-1.00 g / L, total free amino acids 1.20-1.39 g / L, total nitrogen 1.96-2.02 g / L, total phosphorus 2.85-3.36 g / L, total potassium 4.40-5.45 g / L, total calcium 2.84-3.40 g / L, total magnesium 1.11-1.35 g / L, total iron 451.34-516.44 mg / L, total zinc 16.99-20.51 mg / L, total boron 5.46-7.44 mg / L, and total molybdenum 0.03-0.07 mg / L.

[0016] An application of a cellar mud-based nutrient soil: when used as a seedling substrate, the cellar mud-based nutrient soil can be used alone or mixed with traditional nutrient soil at a volume ratio of 1:1; when used as potted fertilizer, it can be mixed with garden soil at a volume ratio of 1:2-1:3; when used as a soil conditioner, it can be directly applied at a rate of 400-500 kg / mu. Beneficial effects

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Simple raw material composition: This invention uses only pit mud, fresh distiller's grains, biogas slurry or distiller's grains water as raw materials, without the need to add surfactants, lime, biochar, perlite, vermiculite, compound bacterial agents, water-absorbing resin, earthworm castings and other external components. The raw material cost is low and the process is simple.

[0018] 2. Deep composting and transformation: This invention uses medium-high temperature stacking fermentation at 55-60℃ for 28-32 days, which fully degrades the macromolecular organic matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the cellar mud and lees into small molecular substances that can be absorbed by plants, thus significantly improving the utilization rate of organic matter.

[0019] 3. High microbial activity: This invention activates the inherent functional microorganisms (such as caproic acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria) in the pit mud through an actively controlled fermentation process, giving the nutrient soil high microbial activity.

[0020] 5. No earthworm treatment required: Compared with D3, this invention does not require earthworm farming, the process is simpler, the production cycle is shorter (only 28-32 days), and the production efficiency is higher.

[0021] 5. Excellent product performance: The cellar mud-based nutrient soil prepared by this invention has high organic matter content, strong microbial activity, and good water and fertilizer retention performance. It can be used directly as a seedling substrate, potted plant fertilizer, or soil conditioner.

[0022] 6. Waste resource utilization: This invention realizes the synergistic treatment of various winery wastes such as cellar mud, lees, biogas slurry, and fermentation water, which has good economic and environmental benefits. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Example

[0024] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take the waste cellar mud from the brewing of sauce-flavored liquor, air dry it naturally until the moisture content is 18%, and crush it through a 60-mesh sieve.

[0025] (2) Compound fermentation: Take 160 kg of pit mud powder and 20 kg of fresh distiller's grains, mix them evenly, add 15 kg of biogas slurry, and pile them up for fermentation for 25 days, controlling the temperature of the pile at 55-60℃, and turning the pile over every 2 days. After fermentation, let it air dry naturally to obtain pit mud-based nutrient soil A. Example

[0026] (1) Raw material pretreatment: Take the waste cellar mud from the brewing of sauce-flavored liquor, air dry it naturally until the moisture content is 18%, and crush it through a 60-mesh sieve.

[0027] (2) Compound fermentation: Take 140 kg of pit mud powder and 40 kg of fresh distiller's grains, mix them evenly, add 15 kg of distiller's grains water, and pile them up for fermentation for 25 days, controlling the temperature of the pile at 55-60℃, and turning the pile over every 2 days. After fermentation, let it air dry naturally to obtain pit mud-based nutrient soil B.

[0028] Application examples The pit mud-based nutrient soil A prepared in Example 1 and the pit mud-based nutrient soil B prepared in Example 2 were mixed with traditional nutrient soil C (peat moss: perlite: vermiculite = 3:1:1) in a certain proportion and used as sorghum seedling substrate. A total of 9 treatments were set up, and the experimental treatments are shown in Table 1.

[0029]

[0030] The experiment used floating seedling raising, with two sorghum seeds sown in each hole. Each treatment was replicated in three trays, and each treatment was raised in a separate seedbed to ensure consistent water and nutrient supply. After 30 days of seedling raising, the sorghum seedling emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, and other indicators were measured.

[0031] Experimental results: (1) Effect of pit mud-based nutrient soil on sorghum seedling emergence rate As shown in Table 2, the average emergence rate of sorghum seedlings using general-purpose nutrient soil (T1) was 94.00%, while the emergence rate of sorghum seedlings using pit mud-based sorghum nutrient soil (T2-T9) was 92.00-96.67%. Among them, the emergence rates of treatments T2, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9 were all higher than those of treatment T1.

[0032]

[0033] (2) Effect of pit mud-based nutrient soil on the height of sorghum seedlings From the perspective of sorghum seedling height (Table 3), compared with traditional nutrient soil (T1), the seedling height of sorghum seedlings in pit mud-based sorghum nutrient soil (T2-T9) increased by 18.21-39.68%. The average seedling height of sorghum seedlings prepared with raw materials A and C was 58.66 cm, while the average seedling height of sorghum seedlings prepared with raw materials B and C was 59.41 cm. Furthermore, as the proportion of A and B decreased, the seedling height of sorghum seedlings showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with a volume ratio of A (or B):C of 5:5 being the most suitable.

[0034]

[0035] (3) Effect of pit mud-based nutrient soil on the stem diameter of sorghum seedlings From the perspective of sorghum seedling stem diameter (Table 4), compared with traditional nutrient soil (T1), the stem diameter of sorghum seedlings prepared with pit mud-based sorghum nutrient soil (T2-T9) increased by 30.80-74.14%. The average stem diameter of sorghum seedlings prepared with nutrient soil using raw materials A and C was 3.62 mm, while the average stem diameter of sorghum seedlings prepared with nutrient soil using raw materials B and C was 3.67 mm. Furthermore, as the proportion of A and B decreased, the stem diameter of sorghum seedlings showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with a volume ratio of A (or B):C of 5:5 being the most suitable.

[0036]

[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art can make modifications and improvements based on the present invention. Therefore, any modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of making a pit mud-based nutrient soil, characterized by, Includes the following steps: Step (1): After removing impurities from the waste fermentation pit mud of soy sauce-flavored liquor, air dry it under natural conditions until the moisture content is 15%-20%, then crush it through a 40-80 mesh sieve to obtain pit mud powder. Step (2): By weight, take 140-160 kg of pit mud powder and 20-40 kg of fresh lees and mix them evenly. Add biogas slurry or lees water. The amount of biogas slurry or lees water added is 80-100 kg per ton of compound fermentation material. Step (3): Use the stacking fermentation method, control the temperature of the pile to 55-60℃, turn the pile once every 2 days, and the fermentation cycle is 28-32 days, so that the organic matter in the cellar mud and lees can be fully degraded into small molecules that can be absorbed by plants, and cellar mud-based nutrient soil is obtained.

2. A method of making a pit mud based nutrient soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The waste cellar mud is a purplish-red mud discarded from the brewing of soy sauce-flavored baijiu, and its physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 5.24-8.87, EC value 2.08-1670 us / cm, organic matter 19.42-278.11 g / kg, total nitrogen 0.26-0.81%, total phosphorus 0.18-0.19%, total potassium 0.26-0.33%, available phosphorus 82.89-1144.98 mg / kg, available potassium 1618.55-3994.83 mg / kg, CaO 1.67-17.16 g / kg, MgO 3.78-16.27 g / kg, and Fe2O3 24.71-72.10 g / kg.

3. The method of making a pit mud based nutrient soil according to claim 1, wherein, The fresh lees are by-products of the brewing of soy sauce-flavored baijiu, and their physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 4.00-4.86, water content 54.96-56.38%, total nitrogen 4.24-4.51%, total phosphorus 0.57-0.73%, total potassium 0.64-0.70%, organic carbon 41.5-44.0%, and C / N ratio 8.45-9.

76.

4. The method of making a pit mud based nutrient soil according to claim 1, wherein, The biogas slurry is a product obtained from the anaerobic fermentation of fermented grains of a soy sauce-flavored liquor, and its physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 8.41-8.46, organic matter 39.26-39.80 g / L, humic acid 2.97-3.23 g / L, total free amino acids 1.51-1.78 g / L, total nitrogen 4.81-5.81 g / L, total phosphorus 1.19-2.39 g / L, total potassium 4.18-7.31 g / L, total calcium 1.45-2.67 g / L, total magnesium 0.14-0.29 g / L, total iron 93.94-232.64 mg / L, total zinc 13.81-27.84 mg / L, total boron 2.41-19.29 mg / L, and total molybdenum 0.08-0.16 mg / L.

5. The method of making a pit mud based nutrient soil according to claim 1, wherein, The leachate from the fermented grains is the filtrate after the fermentation of soy sauce-flavored liquor. Its physicochemical properties are as follows: pH 4.28-4.57, organic matter 246.09-246.52 g / L, humic acid 0.93-1.00 g / L, total free amino acids 1.20-1.39 g / L, total nitrogen 1.96-2.02 g / L, total phosphorus 2.85-3.36 g / L, total potassium 4.40-5.45 g / L, total calcium 2.84-3.40 g / L, total magnesium 1.11-1.35 g / L, total iron 451.34-516.44 mg / L, total zinc 16.99-20.51 mg / L, total boron 5.46-7.44 mg / L, and total molybdenum 0.03-0.07 mg / L.

6. Use of the pit mud-based nutrient soil produced according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, When the pit mud-based nutrient soil is used as a seedling substrate, it can be used alone or mixed with traditional nutrient soil at a volume ratio of 1:

1. When used as potted fertilizer, it can be mixed with garden soil at a volume ratio of 1:2 to 1:

3. When used as a soil conditioner, it can be applied directly at a rate of 400-500 kg / mu.

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