Self-powered intelligent insulator and operation method and control method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-powered intelligent insulator and its operation and control methods, belonging to the technical field of high-voltage power transmission equipment. The self-powered intelligent insulator includes a power generation mechanism, a monitoring mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, and a power management mechanism. The power generation mechanism is directly integrated into the insulator body and includes a composite nano-triboelectric generator for converting environmental mechanical energy, such as wind energy, raindrop energy, vibration energy, or any combination thereof, into electrical energy. The battery management mechanism is electrically connected to the power generation mechanism to receive and manage the electrical energy converted by the power generation mechanism. The monitoring mechanism is electrically connected to the power management mechanism to monitor the operating status of the insulator and output monitoring signals. The cleaning mechanism is electrically connected to the power management mechanism to perform anti-icing or decontamination operations based on the monitoring signals. This invention utilizes wind and raindrop energy in the environment to convert them into electrical energy, solving the problems of unstable sensor power supply under severe weather conditions and difficulties in maintaining the insulator surface against contamination and de-icing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of high-voltage power transmission equipment, specifically relating to a self-powered intelligent insulator and its operation and control methods. Background Technology

[0002] The statements herein provide only background information in relation to this invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Insulators are critical equipment in transmission lines, and their operating status directly affects the safety and stability of the power grid. In cold and humid environments, icing on insulators significantly reduces their insulation performance and increases mechanical load, potentially leading to flashover accidents in severe cases. Currently, insulator anti-icing and de-icing methods mainly rely on passive protection or expensive manual maintenance, such as coating anti-icing, mechanical de-icing, and thermal de-icing. However, these methods generally suffer from problems such as passive protection, reliance on manual labor, high energy consumption, and slow response.

[0004] In recent years, self-powered systems based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology have provided a new approach to solving the aforementioned problems. Existing technologies disclose a triboelectric-electromagnetic composite self-powered sensing and monitoring device suitable for transmission lines, which powers the sensors by collecting line vibration energy. However, as an independent grid-connected node, it is not deeply integrated with the insulator body and lacks active anti-icing and decontamination functions. Existing technologies also disclose a multi-energy complementary self-powered monitoring node device, which collects various environmental energies, but similarly fails to solve the problem of integrated intelligent protection of the insulator body. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a self-powered intelligent insulator and its operation and control methods, which can utilize wind energy and raindrop energy in the environment to convert them into electrical energy and store them in the power management mechanism, thereby solving the problems of unstable power supply to sensors under severe weather conditions and the difficulty of anti-fouling and de-icing maintenance of insulator surfaces.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the technical solution of the present invention provides a self-powered intelligent insulator, comprising: a power generation mechanism, a monitoring mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, and a power management mechanism; The power generation mechanism is directly integrated into the insulator body to collect mechanical energy from the environment and convert it into electrical energy. The battery management system is electrically connected to the power generation system and is used to receive and manage the electrical energy converted by the power generation system. The monitoring agency is electrically connected to the power management agency and is used to monitor the operating status of the insulators and output monitoring signals. The cleaning unit is electrically connected to the power management structure and is used to perform anti-icing or decontamination operations based on monitoring signals. The power generation mechanism includes a composite nano-triboelectric generator, which is used to convert environmental mechanical energy such as wind energy, raindrop energy, vibration energy, or any combination thereof into electrical energy.

[0007] In at least one embodiment, the composite nano-triboelectric generator includes one or a combination of several of the following: a cup-type nano-triboelectric generator, a bearing-type nano-triboelectric generator, and a solid-liquid nano-triboelectric generator.

[0008] In at least one embodiment, the monitoring mechanism includes an impedance analysis module, a leakage current detection module, and a pollution detection module; wherein, the impedance analysis module is used to apply an excitation signal to the insulator and collect the corresponding voltage and current signals, and calculate complex impedance parameters as a basis for judging the degree of icing; the leakage current detection module is used to monitor the leakage current flowing through the insulator; and the pollution detection module is used to monitor the humidity and chemical pollutant concentration on the surface of the insulator.

[0009] In at least one embodiment, the impedance analysis module includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a complex impedance calculation module; wherein the voltage sensor is mounted at both ends of the insulator core rod; the current sensor is arranged around the insulator core rod; and the complex impedance calculation module is connected to the voltage sensor and the current sensor.

[0010] In at least one embodiment, the leakage current detection module employs a high-precision current sensor, which is directly mounted on the mandrel.

[0011] In at least one embodiment, the contamination detection module comprises a humidity chemical sensor integrated on the surface of the insulator skirt.

[0012] In at least one embodiment, the cleaning mechanism includes an anti-icing module and a decontamination module; wherein the anti-icing module mainly includes a heating resistance wire and an ice-covering feedback control system; and the decontamination module mainly includes composite fibers integrated in the lower part of the wind cup device.

[0013] Secondly, the technical solution of the present invention also provides a method for operating a self-powered intelligent insulator, which uses a self-powered intelligent insulator as described in the first aspect, and specifically includes the following steps: A composite nano-triboelectric generator integrated on the insulator body collects one or more of the following energy sources from the environment: wind energy, raindrop energy, and vibration energy, and converts them into electrical energy. The power management system rectifies, filters, stores, and manages the converted electrical energy. The monitoring agency monitors the operating status of the insulators in real time and generates monitoring signals; the monitoring signals include one or more of the following: complex impedance parameters, leakage current values, and pollution status parameters. Based on the monitoring signals, the power management unit generates control signals in conjunction with the current energy storage level to control the start and stop of the cleaning unit and adjust the operating power of the cleaning unit. Based on the control signals from the power management mechanism, the cleaning mechanism performs anti-icing or decontamination operations on the insulators.

[0014] Thirdly, the technical solution of the present invention also provides a control method for a self-powered intelligent insulator, which uses a self-powered intelligent insulator as described in the first aspect, and specifically includes the following steps: Obtain insulator operating status parameters collected by the monitoring agency. The operating status parameters include at least two of the insulator's complex impedance parameters, leakage current values, and pollution status parameters. Based on the operating status parameters, a comprehensive judgment is made on the degree of icing and / or pollution of the insulator; Based on the judgment results and combined with the energy storage level information of the power management agency, a power control command is generated; Power control commands are sent to the power management unit to control the electrical energy output to the cleaning unit, so that the cleaning unit operates at a power level that matches the current state.

[0015] In at least one embodiment, when the power management mechanism generates a power control command, if the energy storage level of the power management mechanism is lower than a preset threshold, it limits the operating power of the cleaning mechanism or delays its start-up. When the complex impedance parameter indicates that the degree of icing is increasing, increase the operating power of the cleaning mechanism; When leakage current values ​​and / or contamination status parameters indicate that the insulator surface contamination has worsened, the cleaning mechanism should be started earlier or its operating time extended.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solution of the present invention are as follows: 1) The self-powered smart insulator of the present invention integrates a composite nano-triboelectric generator directly onto the insulator body, which can effectively convert vibrations caused by the external environment into electrical energy and store it in the power management mechanism, reducing dependence on external energy and realizing self-sufficient energy supply. This energy collection and storage method can effectively reduce energy consumption in traditional de-icing methods and promote technological progress in energy collection, storage and self-regulation of power transmission systems.

[0017] 2) This invention, through its integrated intelligent anti-icing composite insulator system, can complete the de-icing task without external power support. It can also ensure the stable operation of the system in remote or unattended areas through self-powered operation, avoiding frequent maintenance problems caused by power outages or equipment failures, thus improving the reliability of the equipment and reducing operating and maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the self-powered smart insulator structure disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the cup-shaped nano-triboelectric generator disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the solid-liquid nano-triboelectric generator structure disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the self-powered smart insulator disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power management mechanism structure disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the boost / buck module disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the impedance analysis module disclosed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Cup-shaped nano-triboelectric generator; 2. Solid-liquid nano-triboelectric generator; 3. Bearing-type TENG electrode; 4. Bearing-type TENG friction layer; 5. Cup device; 6. Upper friction layer of cup-shaped TENG; 7. Lower friction layer of cup-shaped TENG; 8. Cup-shaped TENG electrode layer; 9. Upper electrode ring of solid-liquid TENG; 10. Solid-liquid TENG friction layer; 11. Lower electrode of solid-liquid TENG; 12. Voltage sensor; 13. Current sensor; 14. Humidity and chemical sensor; 15. Power management mechanism; 16. High-precision current sensor; 17. Heating resistance wire; 18. Rectifier and filter module; 19. Energy storage battery module; 20. Inductive switch; 21. Buck-boost module; 22. Control unit; 23. Power regulation module; 24. Logic unit; 25. Complex impedance calculation module; 26. Synchronous sampling ADC module; 27. Voltage sensor receiver; 28. DDS excitation and gain amplifier; 29. ​​Current sensor receiver; 30. Composite fiber. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0022] As described in the background section, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a self-powered intelligent insulator and its operation and control methods, which can utilize wind energy and raindrop energy in the environment to convert them into electrical energy and store them in the power management mechanism 15, thereby solving the problems of unstable power supply to sensors under severe weather conditions and the difficulty of anti-fouling and de-icing maintenance of the insulator surface.

[0023] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 7 As shown, this embodiment discloses a self-powered intelligent insulator, including a power generation mechanism, a monitoring mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, and a power management mechanism 15. The mechanisms work together to achieve self-collection of energy, self-sensing of insulator status, and active anti-icing and decontamination functions.

[0024] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the power generation mechanism includes a composite nano-triboelectric generator (TENG), which consists of a bearing-type nano-triboelectric generator, a cup-type nano-triboelectric generator 1, and a solid-liquid nano-triboelectric generator 2 installed in sequence, with one or more of these components combined. Specifically, the cup-type nano-triboelectric generator 1 in the power generation mechanism has a cup structure designed as two symmetrical parts, connected at the joint surface by a strongly magnetic magnet. It is installed on the outside of an insulator and within a skirt structure with the solid-liquid nano-triboelectric generator 2, used to collect high-entropy mechanical energy from the environment and convert it into electrical energy.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the cup-shaped nano-triboelectric generator 1 consists of a cup device 5, an upper friction layer 6 (PTFE) of the cup-shaped TENG, a lower friction layer 7 (PA) of the cup-shaped TENG, and an electrode layer 8 of the cup-shaped TENG. When the wind in the environment drives the cup device 5 to rotate, the upper friction layer 6 (PTFE) and the lower friction layer 7 (PA) of the cup-shaped TENG periodically contact and separate, generating an alternating current signal, thus realizing the conversion of wind energy and electrical energy in the environment.

[0026] The core components of the bearing-type nano-triboelectric generator include the bearing-type TENG electrode 3 and the bearing-type TENG friction layer 4 (PTFE). By utilizing the slight oscillation or vibration of the insulator under wind load, the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy through the bearing structure, realizing the conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy.

[0027] like Figure 3As shown, the solid-liquid nano-triboelectric generator 2 consists of a solid-liquid TENG upper electrode ring 9, a solid-liquid TENG friction layer 10 (PTFE), and a solid-liquid TENG lower electrode 11. When raindrops impact the solid-liquid TENG friction layer 10 on the surface of the insulator skirt, the charge transfer effect at the solid-liquid interface generates pulsed electrical energy, realizing the conversion of raindrop energy into electrical energy.

[0028] The output wires of the aforementioned composite nano-triboelectric generator are all connected to the AC input terminal of the power management mechanism 15, realizing the multi-source complementary collection of wind energy, raindrop energy, and vibration energy. It can effectively convert vibrations caused by the external environment into electrical energy and store it in the power management mechanism 15, reducing dependence on external energy and achieving self-sufficiency in energy supply. This energy collection and storage method can effectively reduce energy consumption in traditional de-icing methods and promote technological progress in energy collection, storage, and self-regulation of power transmission systems.

[0029] In this embodiment, the monitoring mechanism is electrically connected to the power management mechanism 15 and is used to monitor the operating status of the insulator in real time and output monitoring signals. It includes an impedance analysis module, a leakage current detection module, and a pollution detection module.

[0030] The impedance analysis module includes a DDS excitation and gain amplifier 28, multiple voltage sensors 12, multiple current sensors 13, and a complex impedance calculation module 25. The voltage sensors 12 are uniformly mounted on the connectors at both ends of the composite insulator core rod, and the current sensors 13 are uniformly arranged around the composite insulator core rod, monitoring the complex impedance changes of the composite insulator caused by icing in real time. The DDS excitation and gain amplifier 28 provides a specific frequency excitation to both ends of the composite insulator, providing voltage and current signals with insulator impedance characteristics to the voltage sensors 12 and current sensors 13. The voltage and current sensors 12 and 13 transmit the synchronously acquired voltage and current signals to the synchronous sampling ADC module 26 for analog-to-digital conversion via voltage sensor receiver 27 and current sensor receiver 29. The complex impedance calculation module 25 then calculates the complex impedance parameters that sensitively reflect the dielectric characteristic changes caused by icing on the insulator surface, and transmits them to the control unit 22 and logic unit 24 for analysis and judgment.

[0031] The leakage current detection module uses a high-precision current sensor 16, which is directly mounted on the mandrel to monitor the microampere-level leakage current flowing through the insulator in real time, thereby achieving accurate perception of the insulator's condition.

[0032] The contamination detection module consists of a humidity chemical sensor 14 integrated on the surface of the umbrella skirt, used to monitor the ambient temperature and humidity as well as the concentration of corrosive pollutants.

[0033] The cleaning unit is electrically connected to the power management structure and includes an anti-icing module and a decontamination module, used to perform anti-icing or decontamination operations based on monitoring signals. Specifically, the anti-icing module mainly includes a heating resistance wire 17 and an icing feedback control system, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the heating resistance wire 17 is embedded inside the insulator skirt in a wrapped manner to ensure that the heat energy is evenly distributed on the surface, and its power supply is provided by the step-up and step-down module 21 of the power management mechanism 15.

[0034] The cleaning module mainly includes composite fiber 30 integrated in the lower part of the wind cup device 5. When the wind cup device 5 collects wind energy and rotates, the composite fiber rotates on the surface of the insulator skirt. Since the composite fiber has a more easily lost electron triboelectric property than silicone rubber, it is easier for the composite fiber to become positively charged and adsorb dust.

[0035] In this embodiment, the battery management mechanism is electrically connected to the composite nano-triboelectric generator via wires, receiving and managing the electrical energy converted by the composite nano-triboelectric generator. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the power management mechanism 15 includes a rectifier and filter module 18, a buck-boost module 21, and an energy storage battery module 19. The rectifier and filter module 18 uses a full-bridge rectifier circuit to receive irregular AC power from the composite nano-triboelectric generator, rectify and filter it into stable DC power, and then store it in the energy storage battery module 19 after RC circuit filtering. The buck-boost module 21 adopts a Buck-Boost topology, with its input connected to the energy storage battery module 19 and its output connected to the cleaning mechanism and monitoring mechanism via an inductive switch 20. The buck-boost module 21 includes a power regulation module 23, which is communicatively connected to the monitoring mechanism. This power regulation module 23 can dynamically adjust the voltage and / or power output to the cleaning mechanism by integrating at least two of the following information: the complex impedance parameters output by the monitoring mechanism, the leakage current value, the pollution concentration, and the energy storage level of the energy storage battery module 19.

[0036] As a further implementation, the entire power management mechanism 15 is encapsulated in a sealed box with waterproof, dustproof and anti-aging properties to adapt to complex outdoor environments.

[0037] Example 2 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment discloses an operation method for a self-powered smart insulator, using a self-powered smart insulator disclosed in Embodiment 1, specifically including the following steps: S1. Collect one or more of wind energy, raindrop energy, and vibration energy from the environment by integrating a composite nano-triboelectric generator on the insulator body, and convert it into electrical energy; S2. The converted electrical energy is rectified, filtered, stored and managed by the power management mechanism 15; S3. The monitoring agency monitors the operating status of the insulator in real time and generates monitoring signals; the monitoring signals include one or more of the following: complex impedance parameters, leakage current values, and pollution status parameters; S4. Based on the monitoring signal, the power management mechanism 15 generates a control signal in combination with the current energy storage level to control the start and stop of the cleaning mechanism and adjust the operating power of the cleaning mechanism; S5. Based on the control signal of the power management mechanism 15, the cleaning mechanism performs anti-icing or decontamination operations on the insulators.

[0038] Example 3 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, this embodiment provides a control method for a self-powered smart insulator, using a self-powered smart insulator disclosed in Embodiment 1, specifically including the following steps: T1. Obtain insulator operating status parameters collected by the monitoring agency, including at least two of the insulator's complex impedance parameters, leakage current values, and pollution status parameters; T2. Based on operating status parameters, comprehensively judge the degree of icing and / or pollution of the insulator; T3. Based on the judgment result and combined with the energy storage level information of the power management mechanism 15, generate a power control command; T4. Send a power control command to the power management unit 15 to control the electrical energy output to the cleaning unit, so that the cleaning unit operates at a power level that matches the current state.

[0039] As a further implementation, in step T3, when the power management mechanism 15 generates a power control command, if the energy storage level of the power management mechanism 15 is lower than a preset threshold, it limits the operating power of the cleaning mechanism or delays its start-up. When the complex impedance parameter indicates that the degree of icing is increasing, increase the operating power of the cleaning mechanism; When leakage current values ​​and / or contamination status parameters indicate that the insulator surface contamination has worsened, the cleaning mechanism should be started earlier or its operating time extended.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered intelligent insulator, characterized in that, include: Power generation organizations, monitoring organizations, cleaning organizations, and power management organizations; The power generation mechanism is directly integrated into the insulator body to collect mechanical energy from the environment and convert it into electrical energy. The battery management system is electrically connected to the power generation system and is used to receive and manage the electrical energy converted by the power generation system. The monitoring agency is electrically connected to the power management agency and is used to monitor the operating status of the insulators and output monitoring signals. The cleaning unit is electrically connected to the power management structure and is used to perform anti-icing or decontamination operations based on monitoring signals. The power generation mechanism includes a composite nano-triboelectric generator, which is used to convert environmental mechanical energy such as wind energy, raindrop energy, vibration energy, or any combination thereof into electrical energy.

2. The self-powered intelligent insulator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Composite nano-triboelectric generators include one or more of the following: cup-type nano-triboelectric generators, bearing-type nano-triboelectric generators, and solid-liquid nano-triboelectric generators.

3. The self-powered intelligent insulator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring system includes an impedance analysis module, a leakage current detection module, and a pollution detection module. The impedance analysis module is used to apply an excitation signal to the insulator and collect the corresponding voltage and current signals to calculate complex impedance parameters, which serve as the basis for judging the degree of icing. The leakage current detection module is used to monitor the leakage current flowing through the insulator. The pollution detection module is used to monitor the humidity and chemical pollutant concentration on the surface of the insulator.

4. A self-powered intelligent insulator as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The impedance analysis module includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a complex impedance calculation module; wherein, the voltage sensor is installed at both ends of the insulator core rod; the current sensor is arranged around the insulator core rod; and the complex impedance calculation module is connected to the voltage sensor and the current sensor.

5. A self-powered intelligent insulator as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The leakage current detection module uses a high-precision current sensor, which is directly mounted on the mandrel.

6. A self-powered intelligent insulator as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The contamination detection module consists of a humidity chemical sensor integrated into the surface of the insulator skirt.

7. A self-powered intelligent insulator as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning mechanism includes an anti-icing module and a decontamination module; the anti-icing module mainly includes a heating resistance wire and an ice-covering feedback control system; the decontamination module mainly includes composite fibers integrated in the lower part of the wind cup device.

8. A method for operating a self-powered intelligent insulator, characterized in that, The self-powered smart insulator as described in any one of claims 1-7 specifically includes the following steps: A composite nano-triboelectric generator integrated on the insulator body collects one or more of the following energy sources from the environment: wind energy, raindrop energy, and vibration energy, and converts them into electrical energy. The power management system rectifies, filters, stores, and manages the converted electrical energy. The monitoring agency monitors the operating status of the insulators in real time and generates monitoring signals; the monitoring signals include one or more of the following: complex impedance parameters, leakage current values, and pollution status parameters. Based on the monitoring signals, the power management unit generates control signals in conjunction with the current energy storage level to control the start and stop of the cleaning unit and adjust the operating power of the cleaning unit. Based on the control signals from the power management mechanism, the cleaning mechanism performs anti-icing or decontamination operations on the insulators.

9. A control method for a self-powered intelligent insulator, characterized in that, The self-powered smart insulator as described in any one of claims 1-7 specifically includes the following steps: The insulator operating status parameters collected by the monitoring agency are obtained, and the operating status parameters include at least two of the insulator's complex impedance parameters, leakage current values, and pollution status parameters; Based on the operating status parameters, a comprehensive judgment is made on the degree of icing and / or pollution of the insulator; Based on the judgment results and combined with the energy storage level information of the power management agency, a power control command is generated; Power control commands are sent to the power management unit to control the electrical energy output to the cleaning unit, so that the cleaning unit operates at a power level that matches the current state.

10. The control method for a self-powered intelligent insulator as described in claim 9, characterized in that, When the power management mechanism generates power control commands, if the energy storage level of the power management mechanism is lower than a preset threshold, it will limit the operating power of the cleaning mechanism or delay its start-up. When the complex impedance parameter indicates that the degree of icing is increasing, increase the operating power of the cleaning mechanism; When leakage current values ​​and / or contamination status parameters indicate that the insulator surface contamination has worsened, the cleaning mechanism should be started earlier or its operating time extended.

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