A high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of chemical equipment, and particularly discloses a high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying, which comprises a desulfurization tower body, a spraying pipe network and a spraying head; the spraying pipe network is arranged below a demister in the desulfurization tower body, and multiple layers of the spraying pipe network are arranged along the flow direction of flue gas at intervals; the spraying pipe network comprises at least two layers of branch-shaped spraying pipes, and there is a relative rotation angle between adjacent branches of the spraying pipes to form a three-dimensional staggered spraying pipe network; the spraying head is uniformly arranged on each layer of the spraying pipes of the spraying pipe network to ensure that the spraying area completely covers the cross section of the desulfurization absorption tower body. Compared with the prior art, the application adopts a layered staggered spraying pipe network arrangement to replace the traditional one-way branch arrangement, and the wear-resistant adjustable anti-blocking spiral atomizing spraying head is used to uniformly transport, efficiently atomize and stably spray the desulfurization slurry, so that the internal spraying of the desulfurization absorption tower is fully covered, the gas-liquid contact is sufficient and uniform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical equipment technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial production generates large amounts of sulfur-containing flue gas. To meet national environmental emission standards, this flue gas must be desulfurized before being released. Among these methods, limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization accounts for over 97% of the desulfurization market in newly built power plants in China due to its mature technology and high processing efficiency. As the core equipment of wet desulfurization, the structure of the spray pipes in the internal spray layer of the desulfurization absorption tower directly determines the atomization effect of the desulfurization slurry, the spray coverage rate, and the contact efficiency between the flue gas and the slurry, thus affecting the overall desulfurization performance.

[0003] As the core equipment of the limestone-gypsum wet desulfurization system, the design of the spray pipe structure of the internal spray layer of the desulfurization absorption tower is crucial. It directly determines the atomization effect of the desulfurization slurry, the spray coverage rate inside the tower, and the contact area and contact efficiency between sulfur-containing flue gas and desulfurization slurry. In turn, it directly affects the desulfurization efficiency, operational stability and energy consumption level of the entire desulfurization system. It is a key core component to ensure that the desulfurization system meets emission standards.

[0004] The existing spray pipe structure of desulfurization absorption towers has many shortcomings: First, most spray pipes are arranged in a single layer or a few layers in parallel, and the angle of each layer is the same, which makes it easy for spray droplets to converge during the fall, resulting in uneven spraying in the absorption zone of the tower, dead zones for flue gas short circuits, and reduced gas-liquid contact rate; Second, conventional atomizing spray heads have no directional adjustment function, and installation errors can easily lead to tower wall erosion, spray overlap, or blind spots. Moreover, under high pressure environments containing solid slurry, the sealing structure of the spray head is prone to failure and particle jamming problems; Third, all spray pipes are mostly controlled by the same drive device, which cannot flexibly adjust the number of spray layers and slurry flow rate, resulting in high energy consumption.

[0005] There is an urgent need to develop a desulfurization absorption tower with a reasonable structure, uniform spraying, flexible adjustment, and energy saving. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. Addressing the shortcomings of existing equipment, it employs a layered, staggered spray network arrangement instead of the traditional unidirectional branch arrangement, and uses wear-resistant, adjustable, anti-clogging spiral atomizing spray heads to uniformly transport, efficiently atomize, and stably spray the desulfurization slurry. This achieves full coverage of the desulfurization absorption tower's interior, sufficient and uniform gas-liquid contact, effectively improving desulfurization efficiency and effect, enhancing the long-term stability and reliability of the equipment, extending its service life, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying includes a desulfurization tower body, a spray pipe network, and spray heads. The spray pipe network is located below the demister inside the desulfurization tower body, and the spray pipe network is arranged in multiple layers at intervals along the flue gas flow direction. The spray pipe network includes at least two layers of branched spray pipes, and there is a relative rotation angle between adjacent branches of the spray pipes to form a three-dimensional interlaced spray pipe network. The spray heads are evenly arranged on each layer of spray pipes in the spray pipe network to ensure that the spraying area completely covers the cross section of the desulfurization absorption tower body.

[0008] A further improvement of the present invention is that the spray pipe includes a main pipe, the inlet end of which is connected to the desulfurization tower body. The main pipe has a stepped diameter changing structure, with the main pipe having diameters of 700-500mm, 500-300mm, and 300-100mm from the inlet section to the end section of the desulfurization tower body, preferably 600mm, 400mm, and 200mm from the inlet section to the end section of the desulfurization tower body. The sections of the main pipe are connected by flanges, and several branch pipes are radially extended and connected around the main pipe. A support frame is connected to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower body. The main pipe enters the desulfurization tower body horizontally along the radial direction and rests on the support frame. The support frame includes a circular frame connected to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower body, and horizontal and vertical interwoven support rods are connected inside the frame.

[0009] A further improvement of the present invention is that the spray pipe has three layers, and the three main pipes at the top and bottom have the same angle. The main pipe of the first / third layer extends four branch pipes radially from the center to the periphery of the desulfurization tower body, and the angle between the four branch pipes and the main pipe is 45°. The main pipe of the second layer extends six branch pipes radially from the center to the periphery of the desulfurization tower body, and the angle between the six branch pipes and the main pipe is 90°. This makes the relative rotation angle between the branch pipes of the adjacent two layers of spray pipes 45°, so as to form a three-dimensional interlaced spray pipe network, thereby eliminating spray dead angles.

[0010] A further improvement of the present invention is that the spacing between adjacent spray pipes gradually increases from bottom to top, the distance between the bottom spray pipe and the top of the flue gas inlet is 3-5m, preferably 4m, the spacing between the bottom and middle spray pipes is 5-7m, preferably 6m, the spacing between the middle and top spray pipes is 7-9m, preferably 8m, and the distance between the top spray pipe and the demister is 1.5-2m, preferably 1.7m.

[0011] A further improvement of the present invention is that the spray head includes a nozzle, and a universal ball is threadedly connected to the top of the nozzle. The spherical surface of the universal ball is clearance-fitted with the bottom end of the locking nut. A connecting nut is threadedly fitted to the top of the locking nut, and one end of the connecting nut is threadedly fitted to the main pipe or branch pipe. When the locking nut is tightened, one end of the connecting nut abuts against the universal ball to fix the angle of the nozzle. When the locking nut is loosened, the connecting nut moves away from the top of the universal ball to adjust the angle of the nozzle. The angle adjustment range of the universal ball is horizontal ±45° and pitch ±30°.

[0012] A further improvement of the present invention is that the nozzle housing is provided with a swirling channel, and a spiral guide vane is provided in the swirling channel to make the incoming slurry form a high-speed rotating flow.

[0013] A further improvement of the present invention is that the nozzle housing sidewall is provided with a slag discharge channel communicating with the outer wall area of ​​the swirl channel, and a slag discharge valve is connected to the outer end of the slag discharge channel.

[0014] A further improvement of the present invention is that the nozzle is made of stainless steel, the inner wall of the swirl channel of the nozzle is coated with silicon carbide ceramic, and the swirl channel of the nozzle has an elevation angle of 30°; the spray angle of the nozzle near the tower wall is inclined towards the vertical center of the desulfurization tower body, and the nozzle in the central area of ​​the desulfurization tower body sprays vertically.

[0015] A further improvement of the present invention is that the inlet end of the main pipe is connected to a liquid supply pipe, three liquid supply pipes converge and are connected to the outlet of the circulating pump, and the suction port of the circulating pump is connected to the desulfurization slurry storage tank through a suction pipe; a pressure sensor is connected to the manifold of the liquid supply pipes, a flow sensor is connected to the liquid supply pipes, and a flow regulating valve is connected downstream of the flow sensor.

[0016] A further improvement of the present invention includes several infrared sensors for detecting spray, the infrared sensors being connected to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower body and located above each layer of the spray pipe network.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying of the present invention achieves the effect of full spraying coverage and sufficient and uniform gas-liquid contact inside the desulfurization absorption tower through the optimized design of the spraying pipe structure, while effectively improving the desulfurization efficiency.

[0018] The high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying of the present invention has a stepped variable diameter structure in the main pipe, which avoids pipe wear and excessive noise caused by excessive flow velocity, or slurry deposition and blockage caused by excessive flow velocity. It ensures that the slurry flow velocity in each section of the main pipe is stable within the optimal range, reduces pressure loss along the pipe, and achieves balanced distribution of slurry pressure and flow in each branch pipe.

[0019] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The reasonable arrangement of the support frame ensures the stability of the spraying pipeline structure, avoids pipeline shaking during spraying, and further improves the operational stability of the entire system.

[0020] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The spacing between adjacent spray pipes gradually increases from bottom to top. This spacing is matched with the desulfurization reaction kinetics, and the residence time of flue gas in the tower is adapted to the falling time of the atomized slurry droplets, thereby improving the desulfurization reaction efficiency.

[0021] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The spacing between adjacent spray pipes gradually increases from bottom to top, which matches the desulfurization reaction kinetics. The residence time of flue gas in the tower is matched with the falling time of the atomized droplets of slurry, thereby improving the desulfurization reaction efficiency.

[0022] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The relative rotation angle between the branch pipes of two adjacent spraying pipes is 45° to form a three-dimensional interlaced spraying network, thereby eliminating spraying dead angles.

[0023] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The nozzle angle is adjustable, which significantly improves the installation adaptability and operational flexibility of the nozzle, effectively avoiding problems such as spray blind spots, wall flow and spray overlap, thereby improving spray uniformity and gas-liquid contact efficiency.

[0024] The present invention provides a high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The internal swirl channel of the nozzle adopts a structure with smooth transition and no obvious stagnation dead zone to reduce particle deposition. At the same time, a slag discharge valve is provided on the slag discharge channel of the nozzle to discharge the slurry with enriched particles.

[0025] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The spray head and the branch pipe are detachably connected, and the main pipe sections are also detachably connected. When inspecting or replacing the nozzles, the nozzles can be removed by simply unscrewing the nozzle connection nuts, without disassembling the branch pipes. If a section of the main pipe is damaged, it can be replaced as a whole through the flanges at both ends, without cutting the pipe. Overall maintenance only requires periodic inspection and cleaning of the nozzles and the main pipe diameter change points, ensuring more convenient equipment maintenance.

[0026] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The pressure sensor can detect the spraying pressure inside the main liquid supply pipeline in real time, providing pressure data support for the controller and ensuring that the controller can keep abreast of the pipeline pressure status. When the pressure is too high or too low, the controller automatically adjusts the output power of the slurry circulation pump according to the detection data to maintain pressure stability and save energy.

[0027] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The flow sensor is mainly used to detect the liquid supply flow rate of the main liquid supply pipeline in real time. In conjunction with the pressure sensor, it provides the controller with complete liquid supply parameters. Based on the flow data, the controller coordinates the output power of the circulating pump and the opening of the flow regulating valve to ensure a stable liquid supply flow rate and avoid excessive or insufficient flow rate from affecting the spraying effect. At the same time, the flow data can serve as a basis for monitoring the system's operating status, promptly detecting problems such as insufficient liquid supply and pipeline blockage, and assisting in the intelligent control of the system.

[0028] The present invention provides a highly efficient desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying. The infrared sensor can detect the coverage status of the spray in the target area in real time, providing accurate data support for the dynamic correction of the spray coverage range. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first / third layer spray pipe structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second-layer spray pipe structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spray head structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the spray head of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the sensor installation according to the present invention.

[0036] In the diagram: 1-Desulfurization tower body, 101-Demister, 102-Flue gas inlet, 2-Spray pipe, 201-Main pipe, 202-Branch pipe, 3-Spray head, 301-Nozzle, 302-Universal ball, 303-Locking nut, 304-Connecting nut, 305-Swirl channel, 306-Helical guide vane, 307-Slag discharge channel, 4-Support bracket, 401-Frame, 402-Support rod, 5-Liquid supply pipe, 6-Circulating pump, 7-Pressure sensor, 8-Flow sensor, 9-Flow regulating valve, 10-Infrared sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Example 1: As Figures 1-4As shown, a high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying includes a desulfurization tower body 1, a spray pipe network, and spray heads 3. The spray pipe network is located below the demister 101 inside the desulfurization tower body 1, and the spray pipe network is arranged in multiple layers at intervals along the flue gas flow direction. The spray pipe network includes at least two layers of branched spray pipes 2, and there is a relative rotation angle between adjacent branches of the spray pipes 2 to form a three-dimensional interlaced spray pipe network. The spray heads 3 are evenly arranged on each layer of spray pipes 2 of the spray pipe network to ensure that the spraying area completely covers the cross section of the desulfurization absorption tower body.

[0039] The spray pipe 2 includes a main pipe 201, the liquid inlet end of which is welded to the desulfurization tower body 1, and several branch pipes 202 are radially extended around the main pipe 201; a support frame 4 is connected to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower body 1, and the main pipe 201 is horizontally inserted into the desulfurization tower body 1 along the radial direction and rests on the support frame 4; the support frame 4 includes a circular frame 401 connected to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower body 1, and horizontal and vertical interwoven support rods 402 are connected inside the frame 401.

[0040] The main pipe 201 has a stepped diameter variable structure, with each section connected by flanges. The main pipe 201 has diameters of 600mm, 400mm, and 200mm respectively from the inlet section to the end section of the desulfurization tower body 1. This ensures that the slurry flow velocity in each section of the main pipe 201 remains stable within the optimal range of 1.5-2.5 m / s, reducing pressure loss along the pipe and achieving a balanced distribution of slurry pressure and flow rate in each branch pipe 202. The diameter of the main pipe 201 can be determined through hydraulic calculations using the following formula:

[0041] Where d is the inner diameter of the pipe (m), Q is the total flow rate of each layer of spraying (m³ / s), and v is the slurry velocity in the pipe (m / s).

[0042] For this type of desulfurization absorption tower, after hydraulic calculation optimization based on the design flow parameters, the three pipe diameters are reasonably matched with the corresponding flow rates and velocities, so that the flow velocity is always within a reasonable range. This effectively avoids pipe wear caused by excessive flow velocity and medium deposition caused by excessive flow velocity, ensuring long-term stable operation of the pipeline.

[0043] The diameter of the spray pipe branch is precisely determined based on the flow rate and velocity of the medium in the branch, adapting to the overall layout requirements of the desulfurization absorption tower. The flow velocity in the branch is strictly controlled within a reasonable range of 1.2~2.0m / s to ensure balanced medium distribution in each branch pipe with no significant flow deviation, thereby improving the overall operating efficiency and stability of the equipment.

[0044] The spray pipe 2 has three layers, and the three main pipes 201 at the top and bottom have the same angle. The main pipe 201 of the first / third layer extends four branch pipes 202 radially from the center to the periphery of the desulfurization tower body 1. The angle between the four branch pipes 202 and the main pipe 201 is 45°. The main pipe 201 of the second layer extends six branch pipes 202 radially from the center to the periphery of the desulfurization tower body 1. The angle between the six branch pipes 202 and the main pipe 201 is 90°. This makes the relative rotation angle between the branch pipes 202 of the adjacent two layers of spray pipe 2 45°. This angle has been verified to increase the spray coverage from 85% to 98% and the gas-liquid contact efficiency by 25%, forming a three-dimensional interlaced spray pipe network, thereby eliminating spray dead zones.

[0045] The spacing between adjacent spray pipes 2 gradually increases from bottom to top. The distance between the bottom spray pipe 2 and the top of the flue gas inlet 102 is 4m, the spacing between the bottom and middle spray pipes 2 is 6m, the spacing between the middle and top spray pipes 2 is 8m, and the distance between the top spray pipe 2 and the demister 101 is 1.7m. This spacing setting is matched with the desulfurization reaction kinetics, and the residence time of the flue gas in the tower is adapted to the falling time of the slurry atomized droplets, thereby improving the desulfurization reaction efficiency.

[0046] Example 2: This example is a further improvement on Example 1. The main improvement is that, in Example 1, the conventional atomizing spray head 3 lacks directional adjustment, and installation errors can easily lead to tower wall erosion, spray overlap, or blind spots. Furthermore, under high pressure conditions containing solid slurry, the sealing structure of the spray head 3 is prone to failure and particle jamming. In this example, the above defects can be avoided. Specifically: like Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the spray head 3 includes a nozzle 301, with a universal ball 302 threadedly connected to the top of the nozzle 301. The spherical surface of the universal ball 302 is clearance-fitted with the bottom of the locking nut 303, with a clearance of 0.5mm. A connecting nut 304 is threadedly fitted to the top of the locking nut 303, with one end of the connecting nut 304 threadedly fitted to the main pipe 201 or branch pipe 202. When the locking nut 303 is tightened, one end of the connecting nut 304 abuts against the universal ball 302 to fix the angle of the nozzle 301. When the locking nut 303 is loosened, the connecting nut 304 moves away from the top of the universal ball 302 to adjust the angle of the nozzle 301. The angle adjustment range of the universal ball 302 is horizontal ±45° and pitch ±30°. This mechanism allows manual adjustment of the spray angle during operation / shutdown without the need for complete disassembly of the pipeline, adapting to the cross-sectional angle adjustment requirements of the desulfurization absorption tower. Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, this structure significantly improves the installation adaptability and operational flexibility of the nozzle 301, effectively avoiding problems such as spray blind spots, wall flow, and spray overlap, thereby improving spray uniformity and gas-liquid contact efficiency.

[0047] The nozzle 301 has a swirling channel 305 inside its housing, and spiral guide vanes 306 are installed inside the swirling channel 305 to make the incoming slurry form a high-speed rotating flow. The side wall of the nozzle 301 housing has a slag discharge channel 307 that communicates with the outer wall area of ​​the swirling channel 305, and a slag discharge valve is connected to the outer end of the slag discharge channel 307.

[0048] During operation, the slurry enters the swirl channel 305 through the inlet and forms a swirl through the spiral guide vanes 306. Large particles are enriched on the outer wall under centrifugal force and discharged through the slag discharge channel 307. The relatively clean slurry enters the spiral nozzle 301 and is sprayed out to form an atomized spray, thereby achieving stable spraying of slurry containing particles and significantly reducing the risk of nozzle 301 clogging.

[0049] The nozzle is made of stainless steel. The inner wall of the swirl channel 305 of the nozzle 301 is coated with silicon carbide ceramic, which is suitable for solid slurry (solid content 15%-25%) and highly corrosive working conditions. The swirl channel 305 of the nozzle 301 has a rise angle of 30°.

[0050] The nozzle 301, near the tower wall, has a spray angle that is 30° inclined towards the vertical center of the desulfurization tower body 1, with a flow rate of 8 m³ / h, a working pressure of 0.3 MPa, and a spray cone angle of 120°, to completely prevent slurry from flowing along the wall. The nozzle 301 in the central area of ​​the desulfurization tower body 1 sprays vertically with a flow rate of 5 m³ / h, a working pressure of 0.25 MPa, and a spray cone angle of 90°, to improve the spray atomization effect.

[0051] The installation spacing of the spray heads 3 on the branch pipe 202 of the spray pipe 2 is 1.2m. The number of spray heads 3 in the first / third layer of the spray pipe 2 is 23 respectively, and the number of spray heads 3 in the second layer of the spray pipe 2 is 20, for a total of 66 in the three layers. Combined with the uniform feeding of the variable diameter main pipe 201, the uniform distribution of spray droplets in the cross section of the absorption tower is ensured.

[0052] The spray head 3 is detachably connected to the branch pipe 202, and each section of the main pipe 201 is also detachably connected. During maintenance, the operator can enter the desulfurization tower body 1 through the manhole. When replacing the nozzle 301, the nozzle 301 can be removed by simply unscrewing the nozzle 301 connecting nut 304, without disassembling the branch pipe 202. If a section of the main pipe 201 is damaged, it can be replaced as a whole through the flanges at both ends without cutting the pipe. Overall maintenance only requires periodic inspection and cleaning of the nozzle 301 and the diameter change of the main pipe 201, making equipment maintenance more convenient.

[0053] Apart from the above, this embodiment is exactly the same as Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0054] Example 3: This example is a further improvement on Example 1. The main improvement is that in Example 1, all spray pipes 2 are controlled by the same drive device, making it impossible to flexibly adjust the number of spray layers and slurry flow rate, resulting in high energy consumption. In this example, the above defects can be avoided. Specifically: like Figure 7 As shown, the inlet end of the main pipe 201 is connected to a liquid supply pipe 5. The three liquid supply pipes 5 converge and are connected to the outlet of the circulating pump 6. The suction port of the circulating pump 6 is connected to the desulfurization slurry storage tank through a suction pipe. A pressure sensor 7 is connected to the manifold of the liquid supply pipes 5, a flow sensor 8 is connected to the liquid supply pipes 5, and a flow regulating valve 9 is connected downstream of the flow sensor 8.

[0055] Industrial-grade pipeline pressure sensor 7 is selected, prioritizing high precision, strong anti-interference capabilities, and compatibility with the working pressure range of the spray system. The material must be compatible with the supplied liquid medium, and the output signal uses a standard electrical signal to ensure efficient compatibility with the controller. It can accurately capture minute changes in spray pressure within the pipeline, meeting the system's stable control requirements. A pipeline electromagnetic flow sensor 8 is selected, featuring high precision and a wide measurement range, adaptable to the flow range of the five main supply pipes. It is resistant to impurity interference and does not affect the pipeline's supply efficiency after installation. Its output signal is consistent with pressure sensor 7, facilitating unified data acquisition and analysis by the controller, ensuring accurate and real-time flow detection. Pressure sensor 7 is directly installed on the main supply pipe (line 5). The installation location must avoid areas prone to flow field disturbance, such as pipe bends and valves, and be selected on a straight section of the pipeline to ensure the authenticity of the detection data. The pressure sensor 7 is installed between the circulation pump 6 and the inlet side of the flow regulating valve 9 to accurately detect the actual spray pressure of the supplied liquid. The flow sensor 8 is installed downstream of the pressure sensor 7 and upstream of the flow regulating valve 9 to ensure that the flow rate before pressure regulation is detected, providing accurate basic data for the controller adjustment. The core function of the pressure sensor 7 is to detect the spray pressure inside the main liquid supply pipe 5 in real time, providing pressure data support for the controller and ensuring that the controller can grasp the pipeline pressure status in a timely manner. When the pressure is too high or too low, the controller automatically adjusts the output power of the circulation pump 6 according to the detection data to maintain pressure stability. The flow sensor 8 is mainly used to detect the supply flow rate of the main liquid supply pipe 5 in real time. In conjunction with the pressure sensor 7, it provides the controller with complete supply parameters. According to the flow data, the controller coordinates the adjustment of the output power of the slurry circulation pump 6 and the opening of the flow regulating valve 9 to ensure stable supply flow and avoid excessive or insufficient flow affecting the spraying effect. At the same time, the flow data can be used as a monitoring basis for the system operation status, timely detection of problems such as insufficient supply and pipeline blockage, and assistance in realizing intelligent system control.

[0056] It also includes several infrared sensors 10 for detecting spray, which are connected to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower body 1 and located above each layer of spray pipe network.

[0057] The infrared sensor 10 features real-time detection and resistance to environmental interference, accurately capturing the spray distribution status and supporting the detection of parameters such as spray coverage, coverage boundary position, and distribution uniformity. Its output signal is directly compatible with the control unit, offering fast response and detection accuracy sufficient for dynamic spray coverage correction. It adapts to the detection range of the spray area, facilitating installation and debugging. The infrared sensor 10 is positioned outside the spray area, with its installation height exceeding the maximum spray height of the spray pipe 2 and spray head 3. The installation angle should face the center of the spray area to ensure complete coverage of the entire target spray area without blind spots. Simultaneously, direct spraying of the sensor should be avoided to prevent water mist from affecting detection accuracy. The installation position must be firmly fixed to prevent sensor displacement due to vibration during spray system operation, which could affect the accuracy of the detection data. The core function of the infrared sensor 10 is to detect the spray coverage status in the target area in real time, providing accurate data support for dynamic correction of the spray coverage range. By acquiring information on spray coverage, coverage boundary location, and distribution uniformity, the controller can accurately analyze the deviation between the actual coverage and the target coverage model. Based on this deviation, the control unit generates targeted control commands, and the operator adjusts the angle of the nozzle 301 according to the commands to achieve dynamic correction of the spray coverage range. This reduces system oscillation and improves adjustment accuracy, ultimately ensuring that the spray can uniformly and comprehensively cover the target area and guarantee that the spraying effect meets the preset requirements.

[0058] Apart from the above, this embodiment is exactly the same as Embodiment 1, and will not be described again here.

[0059] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent transformations or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying, characterized in that: The system includes a desulfurization tower body (1), a spray pipe network, and spray heads (3). The spray pipe network is located below the demister (101) inside the desulfurization tower body (1), and the spray pipe network is arranged in multiple layers at intervals along the flue gas flow direction. The spray pipe network includes at least two layers of branched spray pipes (2). There is a relative rotation angle between adjacent branches of the spray pipes (2) to form a three-dimensional interlaced spray pipe network. The spray heads (3) are evenly arranged on each layer of spray pipes (2) of the spray pipe network to ensure that the spray area completely covers the cross section of the desulfurization absorption tower body.

2. The high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spray pipe (2) includes a main pipe (201), the liquid inlet end of which is connected to the desulfurization tower body (1). The main pipe (201) has a stepped diameter structure. The main pipe (201) is 700-500mm, 500-300mm, and 300-100mm from the inlet section to the end section of the desulfurization tower body (1). The sections of the main pipe (201) are connected by flanges, and several branch pipes (202) are radially extended around the main pipe (201). The inner wall of the desulfurization tower body (1) is connected to a support frame (4). The main pipe (201) is horizontally inserted into the desulfurization tower body (1) along the radial direction and rests on the support frame (4). The support frame (4) includes a circular frame (401) connected to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower body (1). The frame (401) is connected to horizontally and vertically interwoven support rods (402).

3. The high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The spray pipe (2) has three layers, and the three main pipes (201) at the top and bottom have the same angle. The main pipe (201) of the first / third layer extends four branch pipes (202) radially from the center to the desulfurization tower body (1) around the perimeter. The angle between the four branch pipes (202) and the main pipe (201) is 45°. The main pipe (201) of the second layer extends six branch pipes (202) radially from the center to the desulfurization tower body (1) around the perimeter. The angle between the six branch pipes (202) and the main pipe (201) is 90°. This makes the relative rotation angle between the branch pipes (202) of the two adjacent spray pipe layers (2) 45°, so as to form a three-dimensional interlaced spray pipe network and eliminate spray dead angles.

4. A high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent spray pipes (2) gradually increases from bottom to top. The distance between the bottom spray pipe (2) and the top of the flue gas inlet (102) is 3-5m. The spacing between the bottom and middle spray pipes (2) is 5-7m. The spacing between the middle and top spray pipes (2) is 7-9m. The distance between the top spray pipe (2) and the demister (101) is 1.5-2m.

5. The high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spray head (3) includes a nozzle (301), and a universal ball (302) is threadedly connected to the top of the nozzle (301). The spherical surface of the universal ball (302) is clearance-fitted with the bottom of the locking nut (303). A connecting nut (304) is threadedly fitted to the top of the locking nut (303). One end of the connecting nut (304) is threadedly fitted to the main pipe (201) or the branch pipe (202). When the locking nut (303) is tightened, one end of the connecting nut (304) abuts against the universal ball (302) to fix the angle of the nozzle (301). When the locking nut (303) is loosened, the connecting nut (304) moves away from the top of the universal ball (302) to adjust the angle of the nozzle (301). The angle adjustment range of the universal ball (302) is horizontal ±45° and pitch ±30°.

6. The high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The nozzle (301) has a swirling channel (305) inside its housing, and a spiral guide vane (306) is provided inside the swirling channel (305) to make the incoming slurry form a high-speed rotating flow.

7. The high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The nozzle (301) housing sidewall is provided with a slag discharge channel (307) that communicates with the outer wall area of ​​the swirl channel (305), and a slag discharge valve is connected to the outer end of the slag discharge channel (307).

8. A high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The nozzle is made of stainless steel. The inner wall of the swirl channel (305) of the nozzle (301) is coated with silicon carbide ceramic, and the swirl channel (305) of the nozzle (301) has an elevation angle of 30°. The spray angle of the nozzle (301) near the tower wall area is inclined towards the vertical center of the desulfurization tower body (1), and the nozzle (301) in the central area of ​​the desulfurization tower body (1) sprays vertically.

9. The high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The inlet end of the main pipe (201) is connected to a liquid supply pipe (5). The three liquid supply pipes (5) converge and are connected to the outlet of the circulating pump (6). The suction port of the circulating pump (6) is connected to the desulfurization slurry storage tank through a suction pipe. A pressure sensor (7) is connected to the confluence pipe of the liquid supply pipe (5). A flow sensor (8) is connected to the liquid supply pipe (5). A flow regulating valve (9) is connected downstream of the flow sensor (8).

10. A high-efficiency desulfurization absorption tower with uniform spraying as described in claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: It also includes several infrared sensors (10) for detecting spray, which are connected to the inner wall of the desulfurization tower body (1) and located above each layer of spray pipe network.

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