Well-to-seismic error analysis method for deep domain seismic data, electronic device, medium

Abstract

The application discloses a well-seismic error analysis method of depth domain seismic data, an electronic device and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining full-area time domain seismic data, depth domain seismic data, drilled well logging curve data and drilled well layered data; obtaining a time domain synthetic seismogram based on the time domain seismic data and the drilled well logging curve data; obtaining time domain seismic data wave group characteristic information corresponding to a target layer section according to the time domain synthetic seismogram; identifying the time domain seismic data wave group characteristic information on the depth domain seismic data, and reading corresponding underwater true vertical depth; obtaining well-up true vertical depth according to the drilled well layered data and the depth domain seismic data; and obtaining well-seismic error of the depth domain seismic data according to the underwater true vertical depth and the well-up true vertical depth. In this way, reliable well-seismic error can be obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of seismic exploration API technology, and in particular to well-seismic error analysis methods, electronic equipment, and media for depth-domain seismic data. Background Technology

[0002] As oil and gas exploration and development progresses, the structural background becomes increasingly complex, demanding higher quality seismic data. Pre-stack depth migration (DSM) technology can accurately image complex structures, enabling better seismic interpretation and model simulation. Compared to pre-stack time migration, DDM overcomes the assumption of horizontally layered media, enabling the superposition of common reflection points and resulting in higher imaging accuracy. With accurate migration velocity fields, DDM imaging results can perfectly match the actual reservoir structure, making it a recognized technique for imaging complex structures. Therefore, combining depth-domain seismic data with well logging data for seismic interpretation is a trend. Seismic interpretation typically requires combining seismic and well logging data for a more accurate interpretation of underground oil and gas reservoirs. When the migration velocity is accurate, the obtained depth migration results perfectly match the actual structural morphology. Well logging data, obtained during oil drilling, reflects the actual underground conditions and can be used to study borehole geological profiles in detail; theoretically, the two can achieve a perfect match. However, in actual data imaging processes, due to factors such as complex subsurface structures and errors in the migration velocity field, the obtained migration imaging results will have certain errors compared to the actual data. Furthermore, due to differences in formation mechanisms and frequency bands between well logging data and seismic data, depth errors often occur in well-seismic matching. With the rapid development and increasingly widespread application of depth-domain seismic data, the well-seismic error problem in depth-domain seismic data can no longer be avoided.

[0003] For well-seismic error analysis of depth domain seismic data, the following two methods are currently mainly used: ① The depth domain seismic data is converted to the time domain through time-depth conversion, and after the synthetic seismic record is made, it is converted back to the depth domain. Then, the depth data of the target layer obtained by well-seismic calibration is compared with the geological stratification data of the drilled well to obtain the well-seismic error; ② Synthetic seismic records are made directly in the depth domain. The depth data of the target layer obtained by well-seismic calibration is compared with the geological stratification data of the drilled well to obtain the well-seismic error. Although the above methods can obtain the well-seismic error of depth domain seismic data, there is an accumulation of original errors in the process of obtaining the depth data of the target layer. Using this depth data with accumulated original errors to carry out well-seismic error analysis will inevitably lead to inaccurate results. In general, the current technical methods have the following two main problems: (1) Conventional depth domain synthetic records are also made by converting to the time domain using the time-depth relationship. After completion, they are converted back to the depth domain for interpretation. This will lead to the accumulation of errors between different domains and will also lose the high-frequency geological information carried by the depth domain seismic data and well logging data, which will greatly reduce the interpretation accuracy of the target layer. Based on the above well-seismic calibration results, the depth domain stratigraphic interpretation obtained has a large error. Furthermore, the well-seismic error obtained by comparing this stratigraphic depth data with the drilling geological stratification data is unreliable. In addition, in actual production, the depth domain stratigraphic interpretation work requires a lot of time and effort, resulting in reduced work efficiency. (2) Since the depth domain "wavelet" is depth-varying and does not satisfy the property of "linear time invariance", the convolution theorem cannot be used to synthesize depth domain seismic records directly. Although there are currently various methods for producing depth domain synthetic seismic records, none of them can change the objective fact that the depth domain wavelet is nonlinear and that the frequency, phase, and morphology of the wavelet vary greatly with depth. Moreover, it is irregular and very unstable. In other words, whether using well-side wavelet, seismic statistical wavelet, or other types of equivalent wavelet, none of them can reflect the real wavelet changes. The synthetic seismic records produced based on the above wavelets also cannot avoid the existence of their own errors, especially in deep strata, where the changes in wavelets are more obvious than in shallow strata. Therefore, the depth domain stratigraphic data obtained from well-seismic calibration also has significant errors, leading to inaccurate results in the final well-seismic error analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The well-seismic error analysis method, electronic equipment, and medium for depth-domain seismic data provided in this application can obtain reliable well-seismic errors.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a well-seismic error analysis method for depth-domain seismic data. The method includes: acquiring time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, well logging data from drilled wells, and well-layered data from drilled wells; obtaining a time-domain synthetic seismic record based on the time-domain seismic data and well logging data from drilled wells; obtaining wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer based on the time-domain synthetic seismic record; identifying the wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data on the depth-domain seismic data and reading the corresponding subsea true vertical depth; obtaining the true surface vertical depth based on the well-layered data and depth-domain seismic data; and obtaining the well-seismic error of the depth-domain seismic data based on the subsea true vertical depth and the true surface vertical depth.

[0006] Among them, the wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer is obtained from the time-domain synthetic seismic record, including: projecting the well onto the time-domain seismic profile through the location of the drilled well; and obtaining the wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer based on the time-domain synthetic seismic record and the time-domain seismic profile.

[0007] Among them, the wave group characteristic information of time-domain seismic data includes the morphological characteristics, phase characteristics, and amplitude energy characteristics of the longitudinal wave group variation of the target layer and its overlying and underlying strata.

[0008] Among them, identifying wave group characteristics of time-domain seismic data on depth-domain seismic data includes: projecting wells onto depth-domain seismic profiles based on the locations of drilled wells, and comparing time-domain and depth-domain seismic profiles to identify wave group characteristics of time-domain seismic data on depth-domain seismic data.

[0009] The process of reading the corresponding underwater true vertical depth includes: marking the depth domain profile position corresponding to the drilled target layer on the depth domain seismic profile; and reading the underwater true vertical depth corresponding to the depth domain profile position.

[0010] The process of obtaining the true vertical depth of the well based on the drilled layer data and depth domain seismic data includes: projecting the drilled layer data onto the depth domain seismic profile and reading the true vertical depth of the well.

[0011] The well-seismic error of depth-domain seismic data is obtained based on the actual underwater vertical depth and the actual surface vertical depth. This includes: statistically analyzing the actual underwater vertical depth and the actual surface vertical depth corresponding to all target layers to obtain the well-seismic error of depth-domain seismic data.

[0012] The well logging data for drilled wells includes: sonic curves and density curves.

[0013] In a second aspect, this application provides an electronic device including a processor and a memory connected to the processor; the memory is used to store a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, is used to implement the method provided in the first aspect.

[0014] Thirdly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the method provided in the first aspect.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: Unlike existing technologies, the well-seismic error analysis method, electronic equipment, and medium provided in this application for depth-domain seismic data acquire full-area time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, drilled well logging curve data, and drilled well stratification data; obtain time-domain synthetic seismic records based on time-domain seismic data and drilled well logging curve data; obtain wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer based on the time-domain synthetic seismic records; identify the wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data on the depth-domain seismic data and read the corresponding underwater true vertical depth; obtain the surface true vertical depth based on the drilled well stratification data and depth-domain seismic data; and obtain the well-seismic error of the depth-domain seismic data based on the underwater true vertical depth and the surface true vertical depth. This effectively avoids the error accumulation problem caused by multiple time-depth conversions, enabling the acquisition of reliable depth data. It also avoids the inaccuracy of synthetic seismic records caused by variations in the depth-domain wavelet itself, thus obtaining reliable well-seismic errors. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the deployment method of the three-dimensional observation system provided in this application;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the electronic device provided in this application;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the computer-readable storage medium provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining this application and not for limiting it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to this application are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all structures. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0022] As oil and gas exploration and development progresses, the structural background becomes increasingly complex, demanding higher quality seismic data. Pre-stack depth migration (DSM) technology can accurately image complex structures, enabling better seismic interpretation and model simulation. Compared to pre-stack time migration, DDM overcomes the assumption of horizontally layered media, enabling the superposition of common reflection points and resulting in higher imaging accuracy. With accurate migration velocity fields, DDM imaging results can perfectly match the actual reservoir structure, making it a recognized technique for imaging complex structures. Therefore, combining depth-domain seismic data with well logging data for seismic interpretation is a trend. Seismic interpretation typically requires combining seismic and well logging data for a more accurate interpretation of underground oil and gas reservoirs. When the migration velocity is accurate, the obtained depth migration results perfectly match the actual structural morphology. Well logging data, obtained during oil drilling, reflects the actual underground conditions and can be used to study borehole geological profiles in detail; theoretically, the two can achieve a perfect match. However, in actual data imaging processes, due to factors such as complex subsurface structures and errors in the migration velocity field, the obtained migration imaging results will have certain errors compared to the actual data. Furthermore, due to differences in formation mechanisms and frequency bands between well logging data and seismic data, depth errors often occur in well-seismic matching. With the rapid development and increasingly widespread application of depth-domain seismic data, the well-seismic error problem in depth-domain seismic data can no longer be avoided.

[0023] For well-seismic error analysis of depth domain seismic data, the following two methods are currently mainly used: ① The depth domain seismic data is converted to the time domain through time-depth conversion, and after the synthetic seismic record is made, it is converted back to the depth domain. Then, the depth data of the target layer obtained by well-seismic calibration is compared with the geological stratification data of the drilled well to obtain the well-seismic error; ② Synthetic seismic records are made directly in the depth domain. The depth data of the target layer obtained by well-seismic calibration is compared with the geological stratification data of the drilled well to obtain the well-seismic error. Although the above methods can obtain the well-seismic error of depth domain seismic data, there is an accumulation of original errors in the process of obtaining the depth data of the target layer. Using this depth data with accumulated original errors to carry out well-seismic error analysis will inevitably lead to inaccurate results. In general, the current technical methods have the following two main problems: (1) Conventional depth domain synthetic records are also made by converting to the time domain using the time-depth relationship. After completion, they are converted back to the depth domain for interpretation. This will lead to the accumulation of errors between different domains and will also lose the high-frequency geological information carried by the depth domain seismic data and well logging data, which will greatly reduce the interpretation accuracy of the target layer. Based on the above well-seismic calibration results, the depth domain stratigraphic interpretation obtained has a large error. Furthermore, the well-seismic error obtained by comparing this stratigraphic depth data with the drilling geological stratification data is unreliable. In addition, in actual production, the depth domain stratigraphic interpretation work requires a lot of time and effort, resulting in reduced work efficiency. (2) Since the depth domain "wavelet" is depth-varying and does not satisfy the property of "linear time invariance", the convolution theorem cannot be used to synthesize depth domain seismic records directly. Although there are currently various methods for producing depth domain synthetic seismic records, none of them can change the objective fact that the depth domain wavelet is nonlinear and that the frequency, phase, and morphology of the wavelet vary greatly with depth. Moreover, it is irregular and very unstable. In other words, whether using well-side wavelet, seismic statistical wavelet, or other types of equivalent wavelet, none of them can reflect the real wavelet changes. The synthetic seismic records produced based on the above wavelets also cannot avoid the existence of their own errors, especially in deep strata, where the changes in wavelets are more obvious than in shallow strata. Therefore, the depth domain stratigraphic data obtained from well-seismic calibration also has significant errors, leading to inaccurate results in the final well-seismic error analysis.

[0024] Based on this, this application proposes to acquire time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, drilled well logging data, and drilled well stratification data for the entire area; to obtain time-domain synthetic seismic records based on time-domain seismic data and drilled well logging data; to obtain wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer based on the time-domain synthetic seismic records; to identify wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data on depth-domain seismic data and read the corresponding underwater true vertical depth; to obtain the surface true vertical depth based on drilled well stratification data and depth-domain seismic data; and to obtain the well-seismic error of depth-domain seismic data based on the underwater true vertical depth and the surface true vertical depth. This approach effectively avoids the error accumulation problem caused by multiple time-depth conversions, enabling the acquisition of reliable depth data. It also avoids the inaccuracy of synthetic seismic records caused by variations in the depth-domain wavelet itself, thus obtaining reliable well-seismic errors. See any of the following embodiments or any combination of embodiments for details.

[0025] See Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the well-seismic error analysis method for depth-domain seismic data provided in this application. The method includes:

[0026] Step 11: Obtain time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, well logging data, and well layer data for the entire region.

[0027] The time domain (or time field) refers to a domain where the independent variable is time, i.e., the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents the change in the signal. In seismology, the dynamic signal x(t) is a function describing the value of the signal at different times.

[0028] The depth domain concerns the characteristics of seismic waves as they propagate through the Earth's interior. Seismic waves encounter different geological layers during propagation, each with varying densities, velocities, and compositions, which affect their propagation speed and attenuation. By analyzing the propagation characteristics of seismic waves at different depths, it is possible to infer the structure and composition of the Earth's interior.

[0029] Depth-domain seismic data can more realistically and intuitively reflect changes in underground structural features, and has a significant advantage, especially in imaging complex geological structures.

[0030] In some embodiments, the well logging data includes: sonic curves and density curves.

[0031] Acoustic curves are used to measure the speed at which sound waves propagate through rocks in a formation, and can help determine the density and elastic modulus of rocks.

[0032] Density curve: By measuring the absorption capacity of rays in a rock, the density of the rock can be estimated, thereby assessing porosity and saturation.

[0033] In other embodiments, logging curves also include natural gamma logging curves, resistivity logging curves, neutron logging curves, etc. These curves are typically plotted with depth on the x-axis and physical quantities on the y-axis, and can be drawn as graphs or cross-sectional diagrams.

[0034] Step 12: Obtain time-domain synthetic seismic records based on time-domain seismic data and well logging data from drilled wells.

[0035] In some embodiments, time-domain synthetic seismic records may include time-domain seismic data and well logging data from drilled wells.

[0036] The creation of time-domain synthetic seismic records can be performed as follows:

[0037] By utilizing the time-depth relationship, the acoustic and density logging curves are converted to the time domain, the reflection coefficient is calculated, the wavelet of the time-domain seismic data is extracted, and the two are then convolved to obtain the synthetic seismic record.

[0038] Step 13: Obtain the wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer based on the time-domain synthesized seismic record.

[0039] In some embodiments, the well is projected onto a time-domain seismic profile through the location of the drilled well; wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target segment is obtained based on the time-domain synthetic seismic record and the time-domain seismic profile.

[0040] Among them, the wave group characteristic information of time-domain seismic data includes the morphological characteristics, phase characteristics, and amplitude energy characteristics of the longitudinal wave group variation of the target layer and its overlying and underlying strata.

[0041] The calibration results of synthetic seismic records can be used to clarify the stratigraphic information corresponding to the target segment.

[0042] Step 14: Identify wave group characteristics of time-domain seismic data on depth-domain seismic data and read the corresponding true underwater vertical depth.

[0043] In some embodiments, wells are projected onto a depth-domain seismic profile based on the location of the drilled wells, according to depth-domain seismic data; the time-domain seismic profile and the depth-domain seismic profile are compared to identify wavegroup characteristics of the time-domain seismic data on the depth-domain seismic data.

[0044] Furthermore, the depth domain profile location corresponding to the drilled target layer is marked on the depth domain seismic profile; the actual underwater vertical depth corresponding to the depth domain profile location is read.

[0045] Step 15: Obtain the true vertical depth above ground based on the drilled well layer data and depth domain seismic data.

[0046] In some embodiments, drilled layered data is projected onto a depth-domain seismic profile to read the actual vertical depth above the well.

[0047] Step 16: Obtain the well-seismic error of the depth domain seismic data based on the actual underwater vertical depth and the actual surface vertical depth.

[0048] The drilled layered data is projected onto the depth domain seismic profile to read the actual vertical depth above the well.

[0049] Depth-domain seismic data is derived from time-domain seismic data as input, based on high-precision velocity modeling. Therefore, assuming accurate velocity field modeling, the actual stratigraphic information reflected by both is consistent; that is, the wavegroup characteristics in the time and depth domains corresponding to any target layer are the same. Thus, the specific location of the target layer on the depth-domain seismic profile can be accurately described by the wavegroup characteristic relationship corresponding to the target layer calibrated in the time domain. This provides a reliable data foundation for subsequent well-seismic error analysis. Well-seismic integration can be used for the accurate analysis of well-seismic errors in depth-domain seismic data.

[0050] In this embodiment, time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, drilled well logging data, and drilled well stratification data for the entire area are acquired. A time-domain synthetic seismic record is obtained based on the time-domain seismic data and drilled well logging data. Wavegroup characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer is obtained from the time-domain synthetic seismic record. Wavegroup characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data is identified on the depth-domain seismic data, and the corresponding subsea true vertical depth is read. The true vertical depth above ground is obtained based on the drilled well stratification data and depth-domain seismic data. The well-seismic error of the depth-domain seismic data is obtained based on the subsea true vertical depth and the true vertical depth above ground. This effectively avoids the error accumulation problem caused by multiple time-depth conversions, enabling the acquisition of reliable depth data. It also avoids the inaccuracy of the synthetic seismic record caused by variations in the depth-domain wavelet itself, thus obtaining reliable well-seismic error.

[0051] See Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electronic device provided in this application. The electronic device 20 includes a processor 21 and a memory 22 connected to the processor 21; the memory 22 is used to store a computer program, which, when executed by the processor 21, is used to implement the following methods:

[0052] Acquire time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, drilled well logging data, and drilled well stratification data for the entire area; obtain time-domain synthetic seismic records based on time-domain seismic data and drilled well logging data; obtain wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer based on the time-domain synthetic seismic records; identify wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data on depth-domain seismic data and read the corresponding subsea true vertical depth; obtain the true surface vertical depth based on drilled well stratification data and depth-domain seismic data; obtain well-seismic error of depth-domain seismic data based on the subsea true vertical depth and the true surface vertical depth.

[0053] In some embodiments, when executed by processor 21, the computer program is used to implement the following method: projecting a well onto a time-domain seismic profile through the location of the drilled well; and obtaining wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target segment based on the time-domain synthetic seismic record and the time-domain seismic profile.

[0054] In some embodiments, the wave group characteristic information of time-domain seismic data includes the seismic profile morphology, phase characteristics, and amplitude energy characteristics of wave group changes in the longitudinal direction of the target layer and its overlying and underlying strata.

[0055] In some embodiments, when executed by processor 21, the computer program is used to implement the following method: projecting a well onto a depth-domain seismic profile through the location of the drilled well based on depth-domain seismic data; comparing the time-domain seismic profile and the depth-domain seismic profile, and identifying wavegroup characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data on the depth-domain seismic data.

[0056] In some embodiments, when the computer program is executed by the processor 21, it is used to implement the following method: marking the depth domain profile position corresponding to the drilled target layer on the depth domain seismic profile; and reading the actual underwater vertical depth corresponding to the depth domain profile position.

[0057] In some embodiments, when executed by processor 21, the computer program is used to implement the following method: projecting drilled layered data onto a depth-domain seismic profile to read the actual vertical depth above the well.

[0058] In some embodiments, when the computer program is executed by the processor 21, it is used to implement the following method: statistically analyze the underwater true vertical depth and the surface true vertical depth corresponding to all target layers to obtain the well-seismic error of the depth domain seismic data.

[0059] In some embodiments, the well logging data includes: sonic curves and density curves.

[0060] It is understood that when the computer program is executed by the processor 21, it is also used to implement the methods of any of the above embodiments.

[0061] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the computer-readable storage medium provided in this application. The computer-readable storage medium 30 is used to store a computer program 31, which, when executed by a processor, implements the following method:

[0062] Acquire time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, drilled well logging data, and drilled well stratification data for the entire area; obtain time-domain synthetic seismic records based on time-domain seismic data and drilled well logging data; obtain wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer based on the time-domain synthetic seismic records; identify wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data on depth-domain seismic data and read the corresponding subsea true vertical depth; obtain the true surface vertical depth based on drilled well stratification data and depth-domain seismic data; obtain well-seismic error of depth-domain seismic data based on the subsea true vertical depth and the true surface vertical depth.

[0063] In some embodiments, when executed by a processor, computer program 31 is used to implement the following method: projecting a well onto a time-domain seismic profile through the location of the drilled well; and obtaining wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target segment based on the time-domain synthetic seismic record and the time-domain seismic profile.

[0064] Among them, the wave group characteristic information of time-domain seismic data includes the morphological characteristics, phase characteristics, and amplitude energy characteristics of the longitudinal wave group variation of the target layer and its overlying and underlying strata.

[0065] In some embodiments, when executed by a processor, computer program 31 is used to implement the following method: projecting a well onto a depth-domain seismic profile through the location of the drilled well based on depth-domain seismic data; comparing the time-domain seismic profile and the depth-domain seismic profile, and identifying wavegroup characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data on the depth-domain seismic data.

[0066] In some embodiments, when the computer program 31 is executed by the processor, it is used to implement the following method: marking the depth domain profile position corresponding to the drilled target layer on the depth domain seismic profile; and reading the actual underwater vertical depth corresponding to the depth domain profile position.

[0067] In some embodiments, when executed by a processor, computer program 31 is used to implement the following method: projecting drilled layered data onto a depth-domain seismic profile to read the actual vertical depth above the well.

[0068] In some embodiments, when the computer program 31 is executed by the processor, it is used to implement the following method: statistically analyze the underwater true vertical depth and the surface true vertical depth corresponding to all target layers to obtain the well-seismic error of the depth domain seismic data.

[0069] In some embodiments, the well logging data includes: sonic curves and density curves.

[0070] It is understood that when computer program 31 is executed by a processor, it is also used to implement the methods of any of the above embodiments.

[0071] In summary, the effects of this application are mainly reflected in the following three aspects:

[0072] Compared to methods that convert depth-domain seismic data to the time domain via time-depth conversion, create synthetic seismic records, and then convert them back to the depth domain, followed by comparison of the target layer depth data obtained from well-seismic calibration with drilled geological stratification data, while providing well-seismic error data, the multiple conversions between different domains inevitably lead to error accumulation and the loss of high-frequency geological information carried by both depth-domain seismic and well-logging data, significantly reducing the interpretation accuracy of the target layer. Furthermore, depth-domain layer interpretation based on the aforementioned well-seismic calibration results inherently contains significant errors, and comparing this layer depth data with drilled geological stratification data yields unreliable well-seismic errors. This application, constrained by the wave group characteristics reflected by the actual target layer, precisely locates the depth-domain profile position corresponding to the target layer by carefully comparing the reflection characteristics of the target layer in the time-domain and depth-domain seismic profiles. This effectively avoids the error accumulation problem caused by multiple time-depth conversions and enables the acquisition of reliable depth data.

[0073] Compared to directly creating synthetic seismic records in the depth domain and comparing the depth data of the target section obtained from well-seismic calibration with the geological stratification data of the drilled wells to obtain well-seismic errors, the aforementioned methods, while capable of obtaining well-seismic errors from depth-domain seismic data, all involve the accumulation of original errors during the acquisition of the target section depth data. Using this depth data with accumulated original errors for well-seismic error analysis inevitably leads to inaccurate results. This application, based on the wavegroup characteristics reflected by the actual target section as a constraint, effectively avoids the inaccuracy of synthetic seismic records caused by variations in the depth-domain wavelet itself, and can obtain reliable depth data more quickly and directly.

[0074] Compared to methods like time-depth conversion or direct synthesis of seismic records in the depth domain, which aim to obtain depth-domain stratigraphic data for the target segment based on well-seismic calibration results and require significant time and effort for interpretation in actual production, resulting in reduced efficiency, this application uses wavegroup characteristics reflected by the actual target segment as constraints. It can accurately locate the actual position of the target segment directly in the depth-domain seismic profile, and the software can easily obtain the true underwater vertical depth at that location, eliminating the need for extensive seismic stratigraphic interpretation and thus significantly improving work efficiency.

[0075] Furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of the technical method presented in this application, the well-seismic error analysis method based on wavegroup characteristic consistency in depth-domain seismic data developed in this application was applied to a research area in the eastern sea area. This research area has complete seismic and well data, which can meet the data foundation required for the technical application. Using the technical method of this application, with the wavegroup characteristic information reflected by the actual target layer as a constraint, and based on careful comparison of time-domain and depth-domain seismic profiles, the wavegroup characteristic information of the target layer obtained from the time-domain seismic data is accurately located. The depth-domain profile position corresponding to the drilled target layer is accurately marked directly on the depth-domain seismic profile, and the TVDSS depth data corresponding to the depth-domain profile position is read. This method can not only effectively avoid the error accumulation problem caused by multiple time-depth conversions, but also avoid the inaccuracy of the synthetic seismic record caused by the variation of the depth-domain wavelet itself, thereby obtaining reliable well-seismic error data. First, time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, well logging data, and layered data of the study area are acquired. The quality of sonic and density curves is analyzed in detail. For anomalous density curve segments, correction analysis is required to lay the foundation for subsequent synthetic seismic record production. Based on time-domain seismic data and corrected well logging data, a time-domain synthetic seismic record is completed. Based on the synthetic seismic record results, the morphological characteristics, phase characteristics, and amplitude energy characteristics of wave group variations in the longitudinal direction of the target layer and its overlying and underlying strata are accurately identified. Then, based on depth-domain seismic data, wells are deployed onto the depth-domain seismic profile through the drilled well locations. Through careful comparison of the time-domain and depth-domain seismic profiles, the wave group characteristics of the target layer obtained from the time-domain seismic data are accurately located and identified on the depth-domain seismic data. Based on these wave group characteristics, the depth-domain profile positions corresponding to the drilled target layer are accurately marked on the depth-domain seismic profile. The TVDSS depth data corresponding to the depth-domain profile positions are read. The actual layered data of the drilled wells are deployed onto the depth-domain seismic profile, and the actual vertical depth of the wells is read. This process is repeated continuously, and the TVDSS depth data corresponding to all target layer depth-domain profiles requiring well-seismic error analysis and the actual vertical depth of the drilled wells are statistically analyzed to obtain the well-seismic error of the depth-domain seismic data.

[0076] In summary, the deployment method, electronic equipment, and readable storage medium of the three-dimensional observation system provided in this application, based on given unit template parameters (sensor point parameters and shot point parameters), perform regional matching according to the deployment boundary of the work area, and fill in the sensor points and shot points, so that physical points are deployed to the maximum extent within the deployment boundary of the work area without exceeding the deployment boundary of the work area, thereby improving the deployment efficiency of the three-dimensional observation system, and the deployment result is regular and convenient for construction.

[0077] Furthermore, by using the surface element attribute analysis method of the three-dimensional observation system and the deployment effect of boundary monitoring in the work area, technicians are freed from the inconvenience of matching and testing each pair of shot checkpoints of the observation system one by one, improving calculation efficiency, simplifying operation procedures, and bringing convenience to seismic exploration technicians in quickly deploying the three-dimensional observation system in the work area.

[0078] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods and devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0079] If the integrated units in the other embodiments described above are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) or processor to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0080] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A well-seismic error analysis method for depth-domain seismic data, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire time-domain seismic data, depth-domain seismic data, well logging curves of drilled wells, and well layered data of drilled wells for the entire region; A time-domain synthetic seismic record is obtained based on the time-domain seismic data and the well logging curves of the drilled wells; Based on the time-domain synthetic seismic record, wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer is obtained; The wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data is identified on the depth-domain seismic data, and the corresponding underwater true vertical depth is read. The actual vertical depth of the well is obtained based on the drilled layer data and the depth domain seismic data. The well-seismic error of the depth-domain seismic data is obtained based on the actual underwater vertical depth and the actual surface vertical depth.

2. The well vibration error analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining wavegroup characteristic information of time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target segment based on the time-domain synthesized seismic record includes: Project the drilled well onto the time-domain seismic profile at the location of the drilled well; Based on the time-domain synthetic seismic record and the time-domain seismic profile, wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data corresponding to the target layer is obtained.

3. The well vibration error analysis method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The wave group characteristics of the time-domain seismic data include the morphological characteristics, phase characteristics, and amplitude energy characteristics of the wave group variation in the longitudinal direction of the target layer and its overlying and underlying strata.

4. The well vibration error analysis method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of identifying wavegroup feature information of time-domain seismic data on the depth-domain seismic data includes: Based on the depth-domain seismic data, the well is projected onto the depth-domain seismic profile through the drilled well location; By comparing the time-domain seismic profile and the depth-domain seismic profile, wave group characteristic information of the time-domain seismic data is identified on the depth-domain seismic data.

5. The well vibration error analysis method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reading of the corresponding underwater true vertical depth includes: Mark the depth domain profile location corresponding to the drilled target layer on the depth domain seismic profile; Read the actual underwater vertical depth corresponding to the depth domain profile position.

6. The well vibration error analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the actual vertical depth above ground based on the drilled layered data and the depth-domain seismic data includes: The drilled layered data is projected onto the depth domain seismic profile to read the actual vertical depth of the well.

7. The well vibration error analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The well-seismic error obtained from the depth-domain seismic data based on the actual underwater vertical depth and the actual surface vertical depth includes: By statistically analyzing the actual underwater vertical depth and the actual surface vertical depth corresponding to all target layers, the well-seismic error of the depth-domain seismic data is obtained.

8. The well vibration error analysis method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The well logging data from the drilled wells includes: sonic curves and density curves.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a processor and a memory connected to the processor; the memory is used to store a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, is used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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