A geological disaster monitoring device

Abstract

This invention discloses a geological disaster monitoring device, comprising a ground surface, a multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component, a visual early warning component, and a triggering audible and visual alarm component. A column is installed on the upper surface of the ground surface, and the multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component is installed at the bottom of the ground surface. The visual early warning component is installed on the outer surface of the multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component, and the triggering audible and visual alarm component is installed on the outer surface of the column. This invention constructs a three-dimensional sensing network through the coordinated operation of a hollow monitoring rod, a sensing rod, and a fiber optic grating encapsulated sphere. This avoids the defects of single-point contact monitors, which are susceptible to false alarms due to localized rock or uneven soil compression. Through a multi-level, multi-depth distributed layout, it can continuously and completely capture the shear slip and compression creep of the soil at different levels, accurately identifying the overall deformation trend. Through the organic combination of an optical flow developing expansion body, a total reflection brightening film, and a convex lens, it achieves a zero-power, passive visual on-site early warning function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster early warning technology, and more specifically, to a geological disaster monitoring device. Background Technology

[0002] Geological disaster monitoring devices typically consist of a displacement sensor probe buried underground, a column, a monitoring box, a solar power panel, a battery, and a lightning rod. Their core principle is to directly sense the linear displacement changes of the soil through mechanical probes or wires.

[0003] When using existing geological disaster monitoring devices, the process typically involves first drilling holes and burying single-point displacement gauges at key locations at the leading edge of the landslide to ensure close contact between the probes and the sliding surface. Then, metal columns of the integrated monitoring box are erected, and lightning rods are installed on the top to prevent lightning strikes, and solar panels on the sides to collect solar energy. These are then connected to the battery pack inside the box for energy storage and voltage stabilization. Next, wiring is laid, and the signal lines of the underground sensors are connected to the data acquisition unit inside the monitoring box. The system is then powered on and the parameters are initialized. Finally, data is read through regular manual inspections or by waiting for the wireless module to automatically upload displacement curves.

[0004] In practical applications, existing technologies suffer from several drawbacks. Single-point contact geological monitors are prone to false alarms due to localized rock or uneven soil compression. Furthermore, they struggle to continuously and completely capture overall deformation trends, leading to frequent false alarms caused by localized interference and a lack of overall deformation trend data. This impacts the reliability of the early warning system and causes decision-makers to miss crucial opportunities. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a geological disaster monitoring device to address these technical issues. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a geological disaster monitoring device to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solution: A geological disaster monitoring device includes a ground surface, a multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component, a visual early warning component, and a triggering audible and visual alarm component. A column is installed on the upper surface of the ground surface, and the multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component is installed at the bottom of the ground surface. The visual early warning component is installed on the outer surface of the multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component, and the triggering audible and visual alarm component is installed on the outer surface of the column. The multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component includes hollow monitoring rods installed within the ground surface. Multiple sensing rods are arranged in a circular array along the axial direction and are inclined. Multiple fiber optic grating encapsulated spheres are fixedly connected to one end of each sensing rod.

[0007] The visual early warning component includes multiple support wires fixedly connected inside the hollow monitoring rod, and optical flow developing expansion bodies are fixedly connected between the multiple support wires; the triggering sound and light alarm component includes a fixing plate fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column, an alarm light fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixing plate, a horn fixedly connected to the side of the fixing plate, and an intelligent control early warning box installed on the outer surface of the column.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, a wear-resistant layer is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fiber grating encapsulation sphere, and a filling layer is fixedly connected to the inside of the fiber grating encapsulation sphere. A wavelength-coded strain sensing core is installed inside the filling layer, and the filling layer is filled with orange high-viscosity silicone oil. The wear-resistant layer resists the friction of underground sand and gravel, effectively protecting the internal precision components from physical damage. This multi-layer composite structure ensures that the wavelength-coded strain sensing core only produces accurate wavelength drift under real geological deformation, significantly improving the anti-interference capability and long-term stability of data acquisition, and providing a reliable source for subsequent early warning.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, a flow chamber is provided inside the plurality of sensing rods, and a connecting pipe is connected to the interior of the filling layer and the flow chamber. One end of the connecting pipe is connected to the interior of the optical flow developing expansion body. By connecting the flow chamber, the connecting pipe, the filling layer and the optical flow developing expansion body, a closed hydraulic transmission network is formed. This structure uses orange high-viscosity silicone oil as a medium to accurately convert the tiny underground geological deformations into fluid pressure waves and transmit them to the surface display end without loss. The high viscosity characteristics not only ensure the high sensitivity of signal transmission, but also utilize fluid damping to naturally filter out instantaneous high-frequency interference such as wind vibration and vehicle traffic.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, a fiber optic grating demodulator is fixedly connected inside the intelligent control and early warning box, and an edge computing control unit is also fixedly connected inside the intelligent control and early warning box. The fiber optic grating demodulator is responsible for capturing and analyzing the wavelength changes of the sensing core in real time, converting them into accurate displacement and strain data. The edge computing control unit executes complex algorithms locally, determines the disaster level in milliseconds, and decides whether to trigger an alarm. This localized processing mode greatly reduces data transmission latency and bandwidth dependence. Even in communication-limited environments, it can independently achieve accurate diagnosis and linkage control, ensuring the intelligent and highly reliable process from data perception to audible and visual alarms and remote push.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, a monitoring box is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column via a connecting block, a mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column, and a solar power supply panel is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the mounting bracket. The monitoring box is used to house the core control circuit, the mounting bracket provides stable physical support, and the solar panel directly converts light energy into electrical energy for storage.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, a satellite receiving antenna is fixedly connected to one end of the column, and a lightning rod is installed on the outer surface of the column through a support block. The satellite antenna utilizes the wide-area coverage characteristics to ensure that real-time transmission of monitoring data and command issuance can still be achieved in the signal blind zone of the ground base station. The lightning rod, through the principle of tip discharge, safely conducts the lightning current to the ground, protecting precision electronic equipment from damage by lightning strikes.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, a protective mesh is installed on the outer surface of the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation ball. The protective mesh is composed of a flexible mesh structure woven from corrosion-resistant metal wires. The protective mesh can effectively resist the impact of falling rocks, soil compression, and rodent gnawing, preventing the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation ball from breaking and causing silicone oil leakage or damage to the sensing core. Its flexible mesh structure provides high-strength protection and allows the geological body to move with slight deformations without hindering the sensing accuracy, avoiding stress concentration that may occur with a rigid shell.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, a viewing cover is fixedly connected to one end of the hollow monitoring rod, a micro switch is fixedly connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the viewing cover, a support spring is sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the micro switch, one end of the support spring is connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the viewing cover, and a push plate is fixedly connected to the other end of the support spring. When the optical flow developing expander is compressed and expands, the pushing fluid pressure drives the push plate to move up and compress the spring and touch the switch, instantly completing the electrical signal closure. Once the pressure is released, the support spring immediately provides a reset force to restore the system to standby state.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pressing plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the push plate. The pressing plate, the push plate, and the microswitch are all made of transparent acrylic material, and the optical flow developing expander is made of transparent thermoplastic polyurethane elastic material. By using transparent acrylic material for the pressing plate, the push plate, and the microswitch, and combining them with an optical flow developing expander made of transparent thermoplastic polyurethane, a fully transparent internal optical path channel is constructed, eliminating the obstruction of vision by traditional opaque components, allowing the flow trajectory, liquid level changes, and expansion morphology of the internal orange silicone oil to be clearly observed from the outside.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, a convex lens is fixedly connected to the top of the viewing cover, and a total reflection brightening film is fixedly connected to the inside of the viewing cover. The convex lens uses the principle of refraction to amplify the tiny changes in the liquid surface or color signals inside, making the observation at a distance clearer. The total reflection film concentrates light through multiple reflections, which significantly improves the brightness and contrast of the orange silicone oil inside in a low-light environment.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: This solution constructs a three-dimensional sensing network through the coordinated operation of hollow monitoring rods, sensing rods, and fiber optic grating-encapsulated spheres. This avoids the shortcomings of single-point contact monitors, which are susceptible to false alarms caused by local stones or uneven soil compression. Through a multi-level, multi-depth distributed layout, it can continuously and completely capture the shear slip and compression creep of the soil at different levels, accurately identify the overall deformation trend, and fundamentally solve the problem of frequent false alarms caused by local interference. At the same time, it avoids the lack of overall deformation trend data, significantly improves the reliability of the early warning system, and ensures that decision-makers can respond in a timely manner based on accurate data, avoiding missing the best evacuation opportunity.

[0018] By using a wavelength-coded strain sensing core inside a fiber Bragg grating encapsulated sphere, the long-term compression deformation of the soil is converted into the wavelength shift of an optical signal and transmitted to a fiber Bragg grating demodulator. After the demodulator collects the data and the edge computing control unit performs preliminary analysis, the data is pushed to a remote monitoring center in real time. This not only provides accurate raw data support for disaster logic judgment, but also enables patrol personnel and remote experts to grasp the subtle changes in the soil in advance, thereby realizing the transformation from post-disaster alarm to early intervention and proactive prevention before disasters.

[0019] Meanwhile, the protective netting effectively prevents sharp stones from piercing the fiber optic grating encapsulation sphere and transmits soil stress without damage. Combined with the external wear-resistant layer, it resists long-term soil friction, while the internally filled orange high-viscosity silicone oil is both adaptable to long-term creep and resistant to instantaneous impacts. This ensures that the device can maintain the stability of high-precision digital strain acquisition and fluid signal transmission even in harsh environments where it is buried deep, reducing maintenance costs.

[0020] This solution utilizes the hydrodynamic properties of orange high-viscosity silicone oil in the connecting pipe. When encountering instantaneous high-frequency interference such as rockfall impact or vehicle vibration, the silicone oil cannot flow for a short time due to its extremely high viscosity resistance, effectively absorbing and dissipating energy and keeping the system silent. Only when a landslide undergoes true overall and continuous extrusion deformation can the silicone oil overcome resistance and slowly flow into the optical flow imaging expansion body. This process naturally filters out more than 99% of environmental noise, completely blocking false alarm paths and ensuring that early warning signals only appear when a real disaster occurs, greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring.

[0021] This solution achieves a zero-power, passive, visual on-site early warning function by organically combining an optical flow developing expander, a total internal reflection brightening film, and a convex lens. When a disaster signal is confirmed, orange silicone oil accumulates and rises to form a high-brightness orange light column. After optical magnification and brightening processing, it can be clearly identified from a distance even at night or in severe weather conditions such as fog and haze. Patrol personnel do not need to use any electronic instruments; they can intuitively judge underground anomalies simply by observing with their naked eyes. This provides solid and intuitive visual evidence for daily manual patrols, makes up for the shortcomings of pure electronic monitoring that may fail in extreme environments, and constructs a human-machine complementary dual confirmation mechanism.

[0022] This solution achieves millisecond-level disaster diagnosis and alarm push through the linkage of micro-switches, edge computing control units, and satellite communication modules. Once the optical flow development dilatant triggers the micro-switch, it immediately drives the alarm light and horn to issue an emergency evacuation command, and synchronizes multi-dimensional diagnostic information, including slip surface depth, displacement rate, and evolution prediction, to the remote monitoring center. This dual safety line, combining manual visual detection and unattended automatic alarm, not only protects the lives of on-site construction personnel, but also provides accurate decision support for remote experts, truly realizing intelligent and efficient closed-loop management of geological disaster prevention and control. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the entire invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the overall monitoring rod of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the audible and visual alarm component of the present invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged view of the structure at point B; Figure 9 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component of the present invention; Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged view of the structure at point C.

[0024] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Ground; 101. Column; 102. Monitoring box; 103. Solar power panel; 104. Lightning rod; 105. Mounting bracket; 106. Satellite receiving antenna; 2. Multidimensional anti-interference sensing components; 201. Hollow monitoring rod; 202. Sensing rod; 203. Fiber grating encapsulation sphere; 204. Wear-resistant layer; 205. Filling layer; 206. Wavelength-coded strain sensing core; 207. Protective net; 3. Visual warning component; 301. Optical flow developing expander; 302. Support wire; 303. Connecting tube; 304. Pressing plate; 305. Micro switch; 306. Supporting spring; 307. Push plate; 308. Visible cover; 309. Convex lens; 310. Total reflection brightening film layer; 4. Triggering sound and light alarm components; 401. Speaker; 402. Alarm light; 403. Intelligent control and early warning box; 404. Fiber optic grating demodulator; 405. Edge computing control unit. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 A geological disaster monitoring device includes a ground surface 1, a column 101 installed on the upper surface of the ground surface 1, a monitoring box 102 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column 101 via a connecting block, a mounting bracket 105 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column 101, a solar power supply panel 103 fixedly connected to the outer surface of the mounting bracket 105, a satellite receiving antenna 106 fixedly connected to one end of the column 101, and a lightning rod 104 installed on the outer surface of the column 101 via a support block.

[0027] A multi-dimensional anti-disturbance sensing component 2 is installed at the bottom of ground surface 1. The multi-dimensional anti-disturbance sensing component 2 includes hollow monitoring rods 201 installed within ground surface 1. The hollow monitoring rods 201 are arranged in a ring array along the axial direction and have multiple sensing rods 202 inclinedly positioned. One end of each sensing rod 202 is fixedly connected to multiple fiber optic grating encapsulated spheres 203. The multi-dimensional anti-disturbance sensing component 2 is deeply buried in the potential landslide deformation zone below ground surface 1. The hollow monitoring rods 201 serve as a mechanical transmission framework and fluid transmission channel, with multiple sensing rods 202 extending inclinedly from their outer surface at different depths along the axial direction. This layered, inclined layout aims to construct a three-dimensional sensing network to sensitively capture shear slip and compression creep of the soil at different levels. Both the hollow monitoring rods 201 and the sensing rods 202 are made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy steel pipes, and they operate and sense objects through the fiber optic grating encapsulated spheres 203. The hollow monitoring rod 201 and sensing rod 202 are designed to improve overall stability. Their core function is to provide a robust physical protective barrier for the internal multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component 2 and visual early warning component 3. The alloy steel pipe's excellent compressive and shear strength can effectively resist the enormous pushing force of the landslide body and the impact of external forces on the ground, preventing the hollow monitoring rod 201 and sensing rod 202 from structural collapse or non-geological mechanical deformation. This ensures that the fiber optic grating encapsulation ball 203 only senses the actual geological displacement rather than external interference. The hollow monitoring rod 201 also integrates a reference fiber optic grating temperature sensor, which collects underground environmental temperature data in real time. The edge computing control unit 405 uses this temperature data to dynamically correct the wavelength drift of the wavelength-encoded strain sensing core 206 through a dual-grating decoupling algorithm, accurately eliminating measurement errors caused by thermal expansion and contraction, and ensuring the purity of the strain data.

[0028] A wear-resistant layer 204 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fiber optic grating encapsulation ball 203. The wear-resistant layer 204 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene material to further resist long-term soil friction. A filling layer 205 is fixedly connected inside the fiber optic grating encapsulation ball 203. A wavelength-coded strain sensing core 206 is installed inside the filling layer 205. The filling layer 205 is filled with orange high-viscosity silicone oil. The orange high-viscosity silicone oil has a specific viscosity coefficient. It can flow under long-term slow soil creep and landslide precursors, and can also exhibit solid-like damping characteristics under instantaneous impacts such as falling rocks and vehicle vibrations, thereby filtering interference at the physical level.

[0029] The outer surface of the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation sphere 203 is equipped with a protective net 207. The protective net 207 is a flexible mesh structure woven from corrosion-resistant metal wires. The protective net 207 can prevent sharp stones from piercing the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation sphere 203 and transmit soil stress to the interior without damage, avoiding rigid shielding. When the surrounding soil undergoes continuous compression deformation that conforms to the characteristics of a landslide, the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation sphere 203 produces micro-deformation that directly acts on the wavelength-coded strain sensing core 206 to achieve high-precision digital strain acquisition. At the same time, the pressurized orange high-viscosity silicone oil overcomes viscous resistance under the fluid damping filtering mechanism and slowly flows into the inner cavity of the hollow monitoring rod 201 through the internal flow chamber of the sensing rod 202 and the connecting pipe 303. This converts the underground mechanical deformation into transmittable fluid signals and optical signals, realizing multi-dimensional, interference-resistant, and accurate perception of geological disaster precursors.

[0030] A visual early warning component 3 is installed on the outer surface of the multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component 2. The visual early warning component 3 includes multiple support wires 302 fixedly connected inside the hollow monitoring rod 201. Optical flow developing expansion bodies 301 are fixedly connected between the multiple support wires 302. Flow chambers are opened inside the multiple sensing rods 202. A connecting pipe 303 connects the filling layer 205 and the interior of the flow chamber. One end of the connecting pipe 303 is connected to the interior of the optical flow developing expansion body 301. A viewing cover 308 is fixedly connected to one end of the hollow monitoring rod 201. The visual early warning component 3 uses the principle of fluid dynamics to realize the conversion of analog quantities into visual signals. Only when multiple sensing rods 202 of different depths are in contact with each other will the signal be displayed. When subjected to continuous and stable soil compression, i.e., overall creep of the landslide, the orange high-viscosity silicone oil can overcome viscous resistance, slowly flow into the connecting pipe 303 and inject the photo-flow developing expander 301, causing it to gradually expand and appear as a bright orange column, transmitting an accurate disaster signal to the ground 1. Conversely, if it encounters a brief, instantaneous impact such as rockfall, vehicle vibration, or local blasting, due to the extremely short duration of the impact, the orange high-viscosity silicone oil exhibits solid-like hindrance characteristics within the connecting pipe 303, and cannot complete long-distance flow instantly. The energy is effectively absorbed and dissipated, thus completely blocking the false alarm path at the physical source and ensuring that the warning signal only appears when a real landslide disaster occurs.

[0031] The optical flow imaging expansion body 301 is made of transparent thermoplastic polyurethane elastic material. The connecting pipes 303 from sensing rods 202 at different depths converge into the same optical flow imaging expansion body 301 in parallel, which gives the fluid system itself a physical multi-pore linkage characteristic: only when soil at three or more depths is continuously squeezed at the same time can the silicone oil flow be superimposed to overcome the resistance and make the expansion body 301 significantly full and trigger the micro switch 305. Local disturbances at a single depth cannot trigger mechanical action due to insufficient flow. This physical design and the multi-pore linkage logic algorithm running on the edge computing unit 405 form a double redundancy verification of software and hardware, which further improves the anti-interference capability of the system.

[0032] A convex lens 309 is fixedly connected to the top of the viewing cover 308, and a total reflection brightening film layer 310 is fixedly connected inside the viewing cover 308. When orange high-viscosity silicone oil flows into the optical flow developing expander 301 and rises to the area of ​​the viewing cover 308, a very bright orange light column is formed under the magnification effect of the convex lens 309 and the reflection of the total reflection brightening film layer 310, which can be identified from a distance even at night or in hazy weather.

[0033] A micro switch 305 is fixedly connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the viewing cover 308. A support spring 306 is sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the micro switch 305. One end of the support spring 306 is connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the viewing cover 308, and the other end of the support spring 306 is fixedly connected to a push plate 307. A pressing plate 304 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the push plate 307. The pressing plate 304, the push plate 307, and the micro switch 305 are all made of transparent acrylic material. When the orange high-viscosity silicone oil rises to the limit height in the optical flow developing expander 301, the optical flow developing expander 301 will push the pressing plate 304 and the push plate 307 upward, compress the support spring 306, and trigger the micro switch 305, completing the physical switch from visual warning to electrical signal triggering.

[0034] Furthermore, when initial creep or local compression occurs in the underground soil, the inclined sensing rods 202 buried at different depths are simultaneously subjected to force, causing micro-deformation of the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation sphere 203. At this time, the wavelength-coded strain sensing core 206 inside the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation sphere 203 instantly senses the strain and changes the reflected wavelength. The data is collected by the fiber Bragg grating demodulator 404 and preliminarily analyzed by the edge computing control unit 405, and then pushed to the remote monitoring center in real time. This process not only provides raw data support for subsequent logical judgments, but also allows patrol personnel or remote experts to grasp the subtle changes in the soil in advance and achieve early intervention.

[0035] While performing optical sensing, the orange high-viscosity silicone oil filling layer 205 inside the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation sphere 203 flows towards the connecting pipe 303 under pressure. If the pressure source is an instantaneous high-frequency interference such as rockfall impact or mechanical vibration, the high-viscosity silicone oil exhibits extremely high viscous resistance similar to a solid in the slender connecting pipe 303, and cannot complete long-distance flow instantly. The system remains silent. Only when a true integral and continuous extrusion deformation occurs at the leading edge of the landslide, causing the multi-layer fiber Bragg grating encapsulation sphere 203 to be subjected to a long-term stable thrust, can the orange high-viscosity silicone oil overcome the resistance and slowly and continuously flow from the filling layer. 205. The optical flow developing expansion body 301 is fed into the connecting pipe 303. After confirming that it is a real disaster signal, the orange high-viscosity silicone oil accumulates and rises in the optical flow developing expansion body 301. It forms a conspicuous orange liquid column through the optical flow developing expansion body 301. The brightness of the liquid column is enhanced by the total reflection brightening film layer 310 in the visible cover 308, and is magnified and projected by the top convex lens 309 to form a high-contrast orange warning column on the ground 1. Even at night, in fog or haze or in bad weather, the optical flow developing expansion body 301 can be clearly identified from a distance, thereby achieving zero power consumption and passive on-site intuitive early warning.

[0036] Example 2: Please see Figure 1 - Figure 10 Based on Embodiment 1, a triggering audible and visual alarm component 4 is installed on the outer surface of the column 101. The triggering audible and visual alarm component 4 includes a fixing plate fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column 101, an alarm light 402 fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixing plate, and a speaker 401 fixedly connected to the side of the fixing plate. A smart control early warning box 403 is installed on the outer surface of the column 101. A fiber optic grating demodulator 404 is fixedly connected inside the smart control early warning box 403. An edge computing control unit 405 is fixedly connected inside the smart control early warning box 403. The fiber optic grating demodulator 404 captures and analyzes wavelength codes from various depths underground in real time with microsecond-level precision. The spectral drift data of the strain sensor core 206 is converted into quantitative strain values. At the same time, the edge computing control unit 405 runs an advanced multi-pore linkage logic algorithm, which not only filters and denoises the single-point data, but also analyzes the spatial coupling distribution and temporal evolution trend of multi-depth strain data locally in real time. Once it is determined that the characteristics of landslide instability are met, an audible and visual alarm is immediately issued in cooperation with the horn 401 and the alarm light 402. Multi-dimensional diagnostic information including disaster level, potential slip surface depth and evolution prediction is simultaneously pushed to the remote monitoring center, realizing a millisecond-level closed-loop response from microscopic sensing data to macroscopic decision-making instructions.

[0037] The multi-pore linkage logic algorithm is a distributed disaster identification strategy based on spatial correlation analysis. Its core lies in abandoning the traditional single-point threshold triggering mode and instead using the edge computing control unit 405 to analyze in real time the strain data fed back by wavelength-coded strain sensing cores 206 from different depths and locations. The algorithm utilizes the physical characteristics of the integrity and continuity of landslide deformation, sets strict spatiotemporal correlation rules (such as multi-point unidirectional displacement or deep acceleration trend), and only determines it as a real geological disaster and triggers an early warning when the rules are met. This effectively filters out single-point false signals caused by local soil loosening, biological activity, human touch, or temperature transients, greatly reducing the false alarm rate. As an existing mature technology that has been widely used in geotechnical engineering monitoring, bridge health monitoring, and oil and gas pipeline safety, this algorithm ensures the reliability of the device's decision-making and anti-interference ability in complex environments.

[0038] The power supply system consists of a solar power panel 103, a battery pack in the monitoring box 102, and a power management module, enabling self-sufficiency in the field without mains power. The satellite receiving antenna 106 is used to obtain high-precision time synchronization and location information and remotely transmit alarm data to the monitoring center. The lightning rod 104 protects the entire electronic equipment from lightning strikes. Once the alarm conditions are met, whether it is the signal from the micro switch 305 of the visual warning component 3 or the data anomaly determined by the edge computing control unit 405, the edge computing control unit 405 immediately drives the high-frequency flashing light 402 and the high-volume siren 401 to work, emitting a strong sound and light signal to forcibly remind the on-site construction personnel to evacuate.

[0039] Furthermore, when the orange liquid column continues to rise and reaches its limit position, it pushes the pressing plate 304 and the pushing plate 307 upward to compress the support spring 306, physically triggering the micro switch 305. This action is not used to activate the system, but serves as the ultimate physical confirmation signal of the disaster. The edge computing control unit 405, which is already in a real-time online working state, performs multi-dimensional fusion analysis with the multi-aperture linkage data continuously collected and analyzed by the fiber optic demodulator 404 and the mechanical confirmation signal. Based on this, the system directly determines that it is the highest level of disaster and immediately activates the emergency response procedure, driving the alarm light 402 on the column 101 to flash at high frequency and the horn 401 to emit a high-decibel evacuation alarm. It also synchronously pushes complete diagnostic data, including slip surface depth, displacement rate, and disaster prediction, to the remote monitoring center through the satellite receiving antenna 106, thereby completing the entire closed-loop from electronic early warning to electromechanical dual confirmation and intelligent sound and light linkage.

[0040] Working principle: When in use, the device is first installed in the potential deformation zone at the leading edge of the landslide. When the underground soil undergoes initial creep or local compression, the inclined sensing rods 202 buried at different depths are simultaneously subjected to force, causing the fiber Bragg grating encapsulation ball 203 wrapped with the protective net 207 to produce micro-deformation. At this time, the wavelength-coded strain sensing core 206 (fiber Bragg grating) inside instantly senses the strain and changes the reflected wavelength. The data is collected by the fiber Bragg grating demodulator 404 and preliminarily analyzed by the edge computing control unit 405, and then pushed to the remote monitoring center in real time. This process not only provides raw data support for subsequent logical judgments, but also allows patrol personnel or remote experts to grasp the subtle changes in the soil in advance and achieve early intervention.

[0041] Simultaneously with optical sensing, the orange high-viscosity silicone oil filling layer 205 within the fiber optic grating encapsulation sphere 203 flows under pressure towards the connecting pipe 303. Its flow behavior strictly follows the principle of viscous resistance in fluid mechanics. When encountering instantaneous high-frequency interference such as rockfall impacts, mechanical vibrations, or animal activity, due to the extremely short duration and drastic changes, the high-viscosity silicone oil exhibits extremely high viscous resistance similar to a solid within the slender connecting pipe 303, preventing it from completing long-distance displacement instantaneously. The system thus remains silent, naturally filtering out over 99% of environmental noise. Only when a true landslide occurs at the leading edge... The overall and continuous extrusion deformation causes the multi-layer fiber grating encapsulation ball 203 to be subjected to a long-term stable thrust. Only then can the orange high-viscosity silicone oil overcome the resistance and slowly and continuously flow from the filling layer 205 through the connecting tube 303 into the optical flow developing expander 301, driving the optical flow developing expander 301 to gradually fill and expand. During this process, the support wire 302 plays a key role in supporting and limiting the optical flow developing expander 301, ensuring that it expands regularly along a predetermined trajectory without structural collapse, thereby ensuring that only real disaster precursors can trigger subsequent physical actions.

[0042] As confirmed signals of a real disaster continue to be input, orange high-viscosity silicone oil accumulates and rises within the optical flow developing expander 301, forming a conspicuous orange liquid column. This liquid column is enhanced in brightness by a total internal reflection brightening film layer 310 within the visible cover 308, and magnified and projected by a top convex lens 309, forming a high-contrast orange warning column on the ground 1. Even at night, in foggy or inclement weather, the optical flow developing expander 301 can be clearly identified from a distance, thus achieving zero-power, passive, and intuitive on-site early warning. Patrol personnel do not need any electronic instruments; they only need to observe the appearance of the orange light column with their naked eyes to directly determine that there is abnormal compression underground. This provides a solid and intuitive visual basis for daily manual inspections, making up for the shortcomings of pure electronic monitoring that may fail in extreme environments, and constructing a dual confirmation mechanism that complements human and machine capabilities.

[0043] As the disaster intensifies and the orange liquid column continues to rise, it will push the pressing plate 304 and the pushing plate 307 upwards, compressing the support spring 306 and physically triggering the micro switch 305. This completes the final physical switch from fluid analog quantity to electrical signal. It is worth noting that the edge computing control unit 405 operates in real-time online throughout the entire monitoring process, continuously receiving and analyzing the microsecond-level strain data transmitted by the fiber optic demodulator 404. The trigger signal of the micro switch 305 serves as the ultimate physical confirmation of the disaster's occurrence. When the micro switch 305 closes, the edge computing control unit 405 immediately performs a multi-dimensional fusion analysis of this mechanical confirmation signal and the real-time multi-hole linkage logic analysis results. If the electronic data shows an anomaly and the mechanical switch is triggered simultaneously, the system directly determines it as the highest level of disaster and immediately drives the alarm light 402 on the column 101 to flash at high frequency. At the same time, the horn 401 emits a high-decibel emergency evacuation alarm. If only the electronic data is abnormal but the mechanical switch is not triggered, it is determined to be a potential risk. The data is first pushed to the remote center and a preparatory alarm is activated. Thus, the device completes the entire closed-loop chain from microscopic sensing, physical filtering, visual display to intelligent sound and light alarm, and builds a dual safety defense line of manual visual detection and unattended automatic alarm. It not only protects the lives of on-site construction personnel, but also provides accurate decision support for remote experts, and truly realizes intelligent and efficient closed-loop management of geological disaster prevention and control.

[0044] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and not restrictive.

[0045] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A geological disaster monitoring device, characterized in that: The system includes a ground (1), a column (101) is installed on the upper surface of the ground (1), a multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component (2) is installed at the bottom of the ground (1), a visual early warning component (3) is installed on the outer surface of the multi-dimensional anti-interference sensing component (2), and a triggering sound and light alarm component (4) is installed on the outer surface of the column (101). The multidimensional anti-interference sensing component (2) includes a hollow monitoring rod (201) installed in the ground (1). The hollow monitoring rod (201) is arranged in a ring array along the axial direction and multiple sensing rods (202) are inclined. One end of the multiple sensing rods (202) is fixedly connected to multiple fiber optic grating encapsulation spheres (203). The visualization early warning component (3) includes multiple support wires (302) fixedly connected inside the hollow monitoring rod (201), and optical flow imaging expanders (301) are fixedly connected between the multiple support wires (302). The triggering sound and light alarm component (4) includes a fixing plate fixedly connected to the outer surface of the column (101), an alarm light (402) fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixing plate, a horn (401) fixedly connected to the side of the fixing plate, and an intelligent control early warning box (403) installed on the outer surface of the column (101).

2. The geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the fiber grating encapsulation ball (203) is fixedly connected with a wear-resistant layer (204), and the inside of the fiber grating encapsulation ball (203) is fixedly connected with a filling layer (205). A wavelength-coded strain sensing core (206) is installed inside the filling layer (205), and the inside of the filling layer (205) is filled with orange high-viscosity silicone oil.

3. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The interior of each of the multiple sensing rods (202) is provided with a flow chamber, and the interior of the filling layer (205) and the flow chamber is connected by a connecting tube (303), one end of which is connected to the interior of the optical flow developing expander (301).

4. The geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control early warning box (403) is internally fixedly connected to a fiber optic grating demodulator (404), and the intelligent control early warning box (403) is internally fixedly connected to an edge computing control unit (405).

5. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the column (101) is fixedly connected to the monitoring box (102) via a connecting block, the outer surface of the column (101) is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket (105), and the outer surface of the mounting bracket (105) is fixedly connected to the solar power supply panel (103).

6. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A satellite receiving antenna (106) is fixedly connected to one end of the column (101), and a lightning rod (104) is installed on the outer surface of the column (101) through a support block.

7. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the fiber grating encapsulation ball (203) is equipped with a protective mesh (207), which is composed of a flexible mesh structure woven from corrosion-resistant metal wires.

8. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the hollow monitoring rod (201) is fixedly connected to a viewing cover (308). A micro switch (305) is fixedly connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the viewing cover (308). A support spring (306) is sleeved and connected to the outer surface of the micro switch (305). One end of the support spring (306) is connected to the top wall of the inner cavity of the viewing cover (308). The other end of the support spring (306) is fixedly connected to a push plate (307).

9. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A pressing plate (304) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the push plate (307). The pressing plate (304), the push plate (307) and the micro switch (305) are all made of transparent acrylic material, and the optical flow developing expander (301) is made of transparent thermoplastic polyurethane elastic material.

10. A geological disaster monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A convex lens (309) is fixedly connected to the top of the viewing cover (308), and a total reflection brightening film layer (310) is fixedly connected inside the viewing cover (308).

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