Electric drive system, electric drive assembly and vehicle

Abstract

This application discloses an electric drive system, an electric drive assembly, and a vehicle, belonging to the field of vehicle technology. The electric drive system includes a motor body, a heat exchange component, a cooling component, and a flow channel component. The motor body includes a motor housing, a rotor, a stator, and a shaft. The heat exchange component is used to dissipate heat and cool the cooling medium. The cooling component includes multiple nozzles, which are respectively arranged facing the rotor and the stator. The flow channel component connects the heat exchange component and the nozzles, and is used to allow the cooled cooling medium to enter the motor housing through the nozzles for heat absorption, completing the heat exchange cycle of the cooling medium. By delivering the phase-changeable cooling medium to the motor housing through the nozzles, it exchanges heat with the stator and rotor, heats up, evaporates and vaporizes, and then dissipates heat and liquefies through the heat exchange component. The liquefied cooling medium is then delivered back into the motor housing for heat exchange cycle, achieving a significant improvement in cooling performance, thereby effectively improving the working performance of the electric drive system.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510301304.X, filed on March 13, 2025, entitled “A Direct-Contact Evaporative Cooling Electric Drive System, Electric Drive Assembly and Vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to an electric drive system, an electric drive assembly, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0003] As the core power component of new energy vehicles, the power performance of the vehicle mainly depends on the performance of the electric drive itself. When the electric drive is working, the stator and rotor will generate a lot of heat. In order to ensure the efficient output performance of electric drive force, the stator and rotor components need to be cooled.

[0004] Electric drive cooling typically employs liquid cooling (heat exchange not directly with the stator and rotor), oil cooling (heat exchange directly with the stator and rotor), or phase change heat pipe cooling (phase change heat pipes embedded within the stator and rotor for heat exchange). Liquid cooling and oil cooling methods cannot meet the cooling requirements of electric drives under high-performance conditions. Furthermore, phase change heat pipe cooling, in order to improve cooling efficiency, increases the size of the phase change heat pipes, resulting in a larger electric drive unit and insufficient space for vehicle installation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an electric drive system, an electric drive assembly, and a vehicle to at least partially solve the technical problem of poor atomization effect in phase change heat transfer.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, an electric drive system is provided, comprising: The motor body includes the motor housing, rotor, stator, and shaft; Heat exchange components are used to dissipate heat and cool the cooling medium; The cooling assembly includes multiple nozzles, which are respectively positioned towards the rotor and the stator; The flow channel assembly connects the heat exchange assembly and the nozzle, and is used to allow the cooling medium, after heat dissipation and cooling, to enter the motor housing through the nozzle for heat absorption, thus completing the heat exchange cycle of the cooling medium.

[0007] In some embodiments, the motor housing has a gas outlet channel for discharging vaporized cooling medium from the motor housing. The electric drive system includes a negative pressure pump. The inlet of the negative pressure pump is connected to the gas outlet channel, and the outlet of the negative pressure pump is connected to the cooling components. The negative pressure pump is used to adjust the air pressure inside the motor housing to a negative pressure.

[0008] In some embodiments, the motor housing has a liquid outlet channel; The electric drive system includes a delivery pump, the inlet of which is connected to the liquid outlet and the outlet of which is connected to the cooling components, for driving the cooling medium to flow within the electric drive system.

[0009] In some embodiments, the electric drive system includes a liquid storage tank that is connected to a heat exchange assembly and a flow channel assembly.

[0010] In some embodiments, the storage tank includes a molecular sieve for absorbing incompletely liquefied cooling medium.

[0011] In some embodiments, the flow channel assembly includes a first flow channel, a second flow channel, and a first proportional three-way valve, the first proportional three-way valve being connected to a liquid storage tank, the first flow channel, and the second flow channel, respectively; the first flow channel being connected to a nozzle; and the second flow channel being connected to at least one of a stator and a rotor.

[0012] In some embodiments, the flow channel assembly includes a stator flow channel, a rotating shaft flow channel, and a second proportional three-way valve, the second proportional three-way valve being connected to the second flow channel, the stator flow channel, and the rotating shaft flow channel, respectively.

[0013] In some embodiments, the nozzle includes an electronic expansion valve for adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the cooling medium by adjusting its opening.

[0014] In some embodiments, the heat exchange assembly includes an air-cooled heat exchanger for liquefying a cooling medium.

[0015] According to a second aspect of this application, an electric drive assembly is provided, comprising: Electric drive controller; In the electric drive system described above, the electric drive controller is used to control the operation of each component in the electric drive system.

[0016] According to a third aspect of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including the electric drive assembly described above.

[0017] The electric drive system of this application embodiment includes a motor body, a heat exchange component, a cooling component, and a flow channel component. The motor body includes a motor housing, a rotor, a stator, and a shaft. The heat exchange component is used to dissipate heat and cool the cooling medium. The cooling component includes multiple nozzles, which are respectively arranged facing the rotor and the stator. The flow channel component connects the heat exchange component and the nozzles, and is used to allow the cooled cooling medium to enter the motor housing through the nozzles for heat absorption, completing the heat exchange cycle of the cooling medium. By delivering the phase-changeable cooling medium to the motor housing through the nozzles, it exchanges heat with the stator and rotor, heats up, evaporates and vaporizes, and then dissipates heat and liquefies through the heat exchange component. The liquefied cooling medium is then delivered back into the motor housing for heat exchange cycle, which can fully utilize the latent heat of vaporization of the cooling medium to achieve the goal of low flow rate and high heat flux heat dissipation. Without increasing the size of the electric drive system, the cooling performance is significantly improved, thereby effectively improving the working performance of the electric drive system.

[0018] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric drive system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Motor body; 2. Heat exchange assembly; 3. Cooling assembly; 4. Flow channel assembly; 5. Negative pressure pump; 6. Transfer pump; 7. Liquid storage tank; 10. Motor housing; 11. Rotor; 12. Stator; 13. Shaft; 20. Air-cooled heat exchanger; 30. Nozzle; 40. First flow channel; 41. Second flow channel; 42. First proportional three-way valve; 43. Stator flow channel; 44. Shaft flow channel; 45. Second proportional three-way valve; 100. Gas outlet flow channel; 101. Liquid outlet flow channel; 300. Electronic expansion valve. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0024] At present, the development of new energy vehicles is rapid and the competition among various vehicle manufacturers is fierce. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the power performance of the vehicle. Excessive temperature is usually the reason for limiting power performance, and how to cool the motor quickly is a major problem.

[0025] As the core power component of new energy vehicles, the power performance of the vehicle mainly depends on the performance of the electric drive itself. When the electric drive is working, the stator and rotor will generate a lot of heat. In order to ensure the efficient output performance of electric drive force, the stator and rotor components need to be cooled.

[0026] Electric drive cooling typically employs three methods: liquid cooling, oil cooling, and phase change heat pipe cooling. Liquid-cooled electric drives utilize coolant to dissipate heat from the drive system. The coolant indirectly contacts the heat-generating components, absorbing heat through conduction, causing its temperature to rise. The heated coolant, driven by a pump, circulates within a closed pipeline, flowing to the radiator. The radiator, in contact with the outside air, transfers heat from the coolant to the air through convection, lowering its temperature. The cooled coolant then flows back into the electric drive system, repeating the heat absorption and dissipation process. Oil-cooled electric drives use insulating cooling oil as the medium for heat dissipation. The principle is similar to liquid cooling, but the medium transfer method differs. The cooling oil absorbs heat by directly immersing itself in or flowing through a cooling circuit close to the heat-generating components, raising its temperature. The heated oil, driven by an oil pump, enters the radiator for cooling, and then flows back into the electric drive system, repeating the heat absorption and dissipation process. However, both liquid and oil cooling methods cannot meet the heat dissipation requirements of electric drives under high-performance operating conditions. In order to improve heat dissipation efficiency, phase change heat pipe cooling increases the size of the phase change heat pipe, which leads to a larger electric drive unit and insufficient space for vehicle installation.

[0027] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide an electric drive system, including a motor body, a heat exchange component, a cooling component, and a flow channel component. The motor body includes a motor housing, a rotor, a stator, and a shaft. The heat exchange component is used to dissipate heat and cool the cooling medium. The cooling component includes multiple nozzles, which are respectively arranged facing the rotor and the stator. The flow channel component connects the heat exchange component and the nozzles, and is used to allow the cooled cooling medium to enter the motor housing through the nozzles for heat absorption, completing the heat exchange cycle of the cooling medium. By delivering the phase-changeable cooling medium to the motor housing through the nozzles, it exchanges heat with the stator and rotor, heats up, evaporates and vaporizes, and then dissipates heat and liquefies through the heat exchange component. The liquefied cooling medium is then delivered back into the motor housing for heat exchange cycle, which can fully utilize the latent heat of vaporization of the cooling medium to achieve the goal of low flow rate and high heat flux heat dissipation. Without increasing the volume of the electric drive system, the cooling performance is significantly improved, thereby effectively improving the working performance of the electric drive system.

[0028] The electric drive system, electric drive assembly, and vehicle of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the features of the following embodiments and implementations can be combined with each other.

[0029] This application provides an electric drive system; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electric drive system provided in an embodiment of this application. The electric drive system includes a motor body 1, a heat exchange component 2, a cooling component 3, and a flow channel component 4. The motor body 1 includes a motor housing 10, a rotor 11, a stator 12, and a shaft 13. The heat exchange component 2 is used to dissipate heat and cool the cooling medium. The cooling component 3 includes a plurality of nozzles 30, which are respectively arranged facing the rotor 11 and the stator 12. The flow channel component 4 connects the heat exchange component 2 and the nozzles 30, and is used to allow the cooled cooling medium to enter the motor housing 10 through the nozzles 30 for heat absorption, thereby completing the heat exchange cycle of the cooling medium. The cooling medium is sprayed from the nozzle 30 to the ends of the stator 12 and rotor 11. After contacting the ends of the stator 12 and rotor 11, it absorbs heat. Some of the cooling medium evaporates and vaporizes after absorbing heat, while some remains liquid and gradually flows to the bottom of the motor housing 10. By delivering the phase-changeable cooling medium into the motor housing 10 through the nozzle 30, it exchanges heat with the stator 12 and rotor 11, heats up, evaporates and vaporizes, and then cools down and liquefies through the heat exchange component 2. The liquefied cooling medium is then delivered back into the motor housing 10 for heat exchange circulation. This fully utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of the cooling medium to achieve the goal of low flow rate and high heat flux heat dissipation. Without increasing the volume of the electric drive system, the cooling performance is greatly improved, thereby effectively improving the working performance of the electric drive system.

[0030] The cooling medium is an insulating, low-temperature (20℃-150℃) phase change material that can evaporate from a liquid state under normal atmospheric pressure and low-temperature (20℃-150℃) heating. The cooling medium can be a perfluorocarbon (PFC) compound, such as FC3283 (128℃ boiling point at normal pressure) or FC770 (95℃ boiling point at normal pressure); or a hydrofluoroether (HFE) compound, such as Novec7300 (98℃ boiling point at normal pressure) or Novec7500 (128℃ boiling point at normal pressure).

[0031] In some embodiments, the motor housing 10 has a gas outlet channel 100 for discharging the vaporized cooling medium inside the motor housing 10; the gas outlet channel 100 may be located at the upper part of the motor housing 10; the electric drive system includes a negative pressure pump 5, the inlet end of which is connected to the gas outlet channel 100, and the outlet end of which is connected to the cooling assembly 3; the negative pressure pump 5 is used to adjust the gas pressure inside the motor housing 10 to a negative pressure. When too much gas is generated inside the motor housing 10, the efficiency of natural gas discharge is too low, which can easily cause excessive pressure inside the motor housing 10, resulting in low atomization efficiency. Therefore, this embodiment of the application provides a negative pressure pump 5 to create a near-vacuum environment inside the motor housing 10. This configuration can efficiently discharge excess gas and reduce the risk of damage to the motor body 1 due to excessive pressure; at the same time, a stable pressure environment can also extend the service life of core components such as the cooling assembly 3. In addition, the motor body 1 also includes windings, which are coil structures that enable the motor to achieve electromagnetic induction and generate power. They are typically wound on the stator core 12 and the rotor core 11 of the motor. Under negative pressure, when the cooling medium is sprayed from the nozzle 30, it is easier to form small and uniform droplets. The droplets can accurately cover the heat-generating components such as the rotor 11, stator 12, and windings, ultimately ensuring the spray atomization effect and ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the electric drive system.

[0032] In some embodiments, the motor housing 10 has a liquid outlet channel 101; the liquid outlet channel 101 may be disposed at the bottom of the motor housing 10 for discharging liquid cooling medium from within the motor housing 10. The electric drive system includes a delivery pump 6, the inlet end of which is connected to the liquid outlet channel, and the outlet end of which is connected to the cooling assembly 3, for driving the cooling medium to flow within the electric drive system. It is understood that the delivery pump 6 serves as a power source, enabling the normal operation of the entire cooling medium circulation loop; on the other hand, it can regulate pressure within a certain range to prevent a decrease in cooling medium flow rate due to insufficient pressure, ensuring a stable supply of cooling medium to the channel assembly 4 and the nozzle 30, thereby ensuring the uniformity of heat dissipation of various heat-generating components within the electric drive system.

[0033] In some embodiments, the electric drive system includes a liquid storage tank 7, which is connected to the heat exchange assembly 2 and the flow channel assembly 4. The liquid storage tank 7 can store excess cooling medium. When the total amount of cooling medium in the cooling medium circulation loop is insufficient due to leakage, evaporation, etc., it can actively replenish the circulation loop to avoid interruption of circulation due to lack of liquid.

[0034] In some embodiments, the storage tank 7 includes a molecular sieve for absorbing incompletely liquefied cooling medium. It is understood that under high-load conditions, when the heat exchange component 2 (e.g., the electric fan of the air-cooled heat exchanger 20 is operating at full power) cannot achieve complete cooling, excess gaseous cooling medium can be adsorbed by the molecular sieve as the gas-liquid mixed cooling medium passes through the storage tank 7, ensuring that the cooling medium flowing out of the outlet of the storage tank 7 is pure liquid. After the pure liquid cooling medium enters the flow channel component 4, the flow rate will not fluctuate due to the gaseous cooling medium occupying the flow channel space, thus ensuring the atomization effect of the nozzle 30, avoiding air resistance affecting the droplet shape, thereby ensuring the stability of the cooling medium supply and ensuring uniform and efficient heat dissipation.

[0035] In some embodiments, the flow channel assembly 4 includes a first flow channel 40, a second flow channel 41, and a first proportional three-way valve 42. The first proportional three-way valve 42 is connected to the liquid storage tank 7, the first flow channel 40, and the second flow channel 41, respectively. The first flow channel 40 is connected to the nozzle 30, and the second flow channel 41 is connected to at least one of the stator 12 and the rotor 11. The first proportional three-way valve 42 can flexibly adjust the supply ratio of the flow rate to the stator 12 and the rotor 11 and the flow rate to the nozzle 30. For example, during frequent starts and stops, acceleration, heavy-load uphill climbing, or low-speed transportation by engineering vehicles (electric dump trucks) and "high-torque escape" when the vehicle is stuck in muddy road surfaces, the temperature of the winding is usually about 25°C higher than the temperature of the stator 12 and the rotor 11. At this time, by adjusting the opening of the first proportional three-way valve 42, the flow rate through the nozzle 30 is increased, thereby increasing the amount of liquid sprayed onto the winding and accelerating the cooling speed of the winding. This configuration allows for increased flow distribution to components with higher current temperatures, ensuring rapid cooling of hot components while avoiding resource waste caused by excessive liquid supply to low-temperature components. While ensuring effective heat dissipation of the heat-generating components of the motor body 1, it also reduces the additional load on the heat exchange assembly 2, adapting to complex operating conditions and improving the cooling flexibility and operating efficiency of the electric drive system.

[0036] In some embodiments, the flow channel assembly 4 includes a stator flow channel 43, a shaft flow channel 44, and a second proportional three-way valve 45, which is connected to the second flow channel 41, the stator flow channel 43, and the shaft flow channel 44, respectively. The second proportional three-way valve 45 allows for flexible adjustment of the flow supply ratio to the stator 12 and the rotor 11. Under different operating conditions, such as rapid acceleration or low-speed, high-torque conditions, there is a temperature difference between the rotor 11 and the stator 12. This temperature difference varies for different motors. In such cases, the opening of the second proportional three-way valve 45 can be adjusted to control the flow rate of the cooling medium entering the rotor 11 or the stator 12, thereby accelerating the cooling rate of the rotor 11 or the stator 12. This configuration allows for increased flow distribution to components with higher current temperatures, ensuring rapid cooling of hot components while avoiding resource waste caused by excessive liquid supply to low-temperature components. While ensuring effective heat dissipation of the heat-generating components of the motor body 1, it also reduces the additional load on the heat exchange components 2, adapts to complex working conditions, and improves the cooling flexibility and operating efficiency of the electric drive system.

[0037] In some embodiments, a stator flow channel 43 is provided inside the stator 12. The cooling medium can flow into the stator flow channel 43 sequentially through the heat exchange assembly 2, the liquid storage tank 7, the first proportional three-way valve 42, the second flow channel 41, and the second proportional three-way valve 45 to uniformly dissipate heat from the stator 12. Specifically, the stator flow channel 43 can adopt the oil passage of the stator 12 in the crude oil-cooled motor to reduce modification costs.

[0038] In some embodiments, the shaft flow channel 44 is disposed inside the shaft 13. The shaft flow channel 44 has multiple openings, through which the cooling medium can flow into the shaft flow channel 44 sequentially via the heat exchange assembly 2, the liquid storage tank 7, the first proportional three-way valve 42, the second flow channel 41, and the second proportional three-way valve 45. The medium can then be sprayed through the openings onto the bearings, the interior of the motor housing 10, the end of the rotor 11, and other locations for heat exchange and cooling. Specifically, the shaft flow channel 44 can utilize the oil passages of the shaft 13 in the crude oil-cooled motor, reducing modification costs.

[0039] In some embodiments, the nozzle 30 includes an electronic expansion valve 300, which is used to adjust the pressure and flow rate of the cooling medium by adjusting its opening. The electronic expansion valve 300 can cooperate with the delivery pump 6 to increase the range of pressure and flow rate adjustment of the cooling medium. In addition, when the inlet pressure and flow rate of the electronic expansion valve 300 are consistent, the diameter of the nozzle 30 can be changed to adjust the shape of the droplets and the atomization effect. Its working principle is as follows: under the condition of gradual opening, by inputting the number of opening steps, different intensities of current are passed through the electromagnetic coil, thereby causing the internal electromagnetic coil to generate different magnetic fields, attracting or repelling the magnetic material on the needle valve, thereby driving the needle valve to move. The movement of the needle valve changes the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel, thereby controlling the flow rate or pressure of the cooling medium. This setting can, on the one hand, prevent small droplets from being thrown away by the high-speed rotating motor, and on the other hand, prevent large droplets from being sprayed too far. By increasing the coverage range of the droplets, it can accurately cover the heat-generating components such as the rotor 11, stator 12, and windings, ultimately ensuring the spray atomization effect and ensuring the heat exchange efficiency of the electric drive system.

[0040] In some embodiments, the heat exchange assembly 2 includes an air-cooled heat exchanger 20, which is used to liquefy the cooling medium. The liquid cooling medium delivered by the delivery pump 6 and the gaseous cooling medium delivered by the negative pressure pump 5 form a gas-liquid mixture at the inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 20. By setting the air-cooled heat exchanger 20, the liquefaction of the gas-liquid mixture can be ensured by controlling the wind speed of the electric fan. In addition, the temperature at the outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 20, i.e., the temperature of the liquid entering the cavity, can be controlled.

[0041] According to a second aspect of this application, an electric drive assembly is provided, including an electric drive controller and the aforementioned electric drive system. The electric drive controller is used to control the operation of various components in the electric drive system. The electric drive controller contains multiple control devices, and temperature sensors are installed at the end of the stator 12 or other locations within the motor housing 10 to detect temperature and transmit signals back to the electric drive controller. Based on the temperature signals and a preset temperature control strategy, the electric drive controller automatically controls the operating states of related components such as the heat exchange assembly 2, cooling assembly 3, flow channel assembly 4, negative pressure pump 5, and delivery pump 6, thereby achieving automatic control of the electric drive temperature. Simultaneously, it also possesses the beneficial effects of the aforementioned electric drive system, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0042] According to a third aspect of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including the aforementioned electric drive assembly. Therefore, it also possesses the beneficial effects of the aforementioned electric drive assembly, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0043] The vehicle may be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, etc., and this application does not make any specific restrictions.

[0044] This application exemplarily describes the operation of an electric drive system: The negative pressure pump 5 promptly discharges the gas evaporated inside the motor housing 10, ensuring a negative pressure environment inside the motor housing 10. The discharged gas and the liquid from the outlet of the delivery pump 6 merge. After initial heat exchange in the pipeline, some of the gas condenses into liquid. The mixed gas-liquid mixture enters the air-cooled heat exchanger 20 for condensation. The condensed liquid enters the storage tank 7. The liquid from the outlet of the storage tank 7 passes through the first proportional three-way valve 42. The liquid from the outlet of the first proportional three-way valve 42 is divided into two paths: one part flows into the second proportional three-way valve 45, and the other part flows into multiple nozzles 30, entering the spray nozzles. The cooling medium in nozzle 30 can absorb the heat from the heat-generating components such as rotor 11, stator 12 and windings inside the motor. Part of it vaporizes and is discharged from the gas outlet channel 100. The other part of the liquid that does not vaporize in time passes through the liquid outlet channel 101 and enters the delivery pump 6. The liquid from the outlet of the second proportional three-way valve 45 is divided into two paths, flowing into the stator channel 43 and the rotor 11 channel respectively. The liquid flowing into the motor housing 10 vaporizes and enters the gas outlet channel 100. The liquid that does not vaporize passes through the liquid outlet channel 101 and enters the delivery pump 6, completing one cooling cycle.

[0045] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0047] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0048] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. An electric drive system, characterized in that, include: The motor body includes the motor housing, rotor, stator, and shaft; Heat exchange components are used to dissipate heat and cool the cooling medium; The cooling assembly includes multiple nozzles, which are respectively positioned toward the rotor and the stator; The flow channel assembly connects the heat exchange assembly and the nozzle, and is used to allow the cooling medium, after heat dissipation and cooling, to enter the motor housing through the nozzle for heat absorption, thereby completing the heat exchange cycle of the cooling medium.

2. The electric drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor housing has a gas outlet channel for discharging the vaporized cooling medium inside the motor housing. The electric drive system includes a negative pressure pump, the inlet of which is connected to the gas outlet channel, and the outlet of which is connected to the cooling assembly. The negative pressure pump is used to adjust the gas pressure inside the motor housing to a negative pressure.

3. The electric drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor housing has a liquid outlet channel; The electric drive system includes a delivery pump, the inlet of which is connected to the liquid outlet and the outlet of which is connected to the cooling assembly, for driving the cooling medium to flow within the electric drive system.

4. The electric drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric drive system includes a liquid storage tank, which is connected to the heat exchange assembly and the flow channel assembly.

5. The electric drive system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The storage tank includes a molecular sieve for absorbing the cooling medium that is not fully liquefied.

6. The electric drive system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The flow channel assembly includes a first flow channel, a second flow channel, and a first proportional three-way valve. The first proportional three-way valve is connected to the liquid storage tank, the first flow channel, and the second flow channel, respectively. The first flow channel is connected to the nozzle, and the second flow channel is connected to at least one of the stator and the rotor.

7. The electric drive system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flow channel assembly includes a stator flow channel, a rotating shaft flow channel, and a second proportional three-way valve, wherein the second proportional three-way valve is connected to the second flow channel, the stator flow channel, and the rotating shaft flow channel, respectively.

8. The electric drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle includes an electronic expansion valve, which is used to regulate the pressure and flow rate of the cooling medium by adjusting its opening.

9. The electric drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange assembly includes an air-cooled heat exchanger, which is used to liquefy the cooling medium.

10. An electric drive assembly, characterized in that, include: Electric drive controller; The electric drive system cooling structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the electric drive controller is used to control the operation of each component in the electric drive system.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the electric drive assembly as described in claim 10.

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