Recyclable organic photovoltaic module compact

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and discloses a recyclable organic photovoltaic module pressing block, which comprises a supporting cross beam, a photovoltaic module is arranged on the supporting cross beam, a limiting assembly is arranged on one side of the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module is fixed on the supporting cross beam through the limiting assembly, the limiting assembly comprises a pressing block used for pressing the photovoltaic module, a tension strip used for connecting the supporting cross beam and compensating thermal expansion and cold shrinkage is arranged at the bottom of the pressing block, and a color-changing coating used for indicating the strain state of the pressing block is coated on the pressing block; the technical scheme of the application realizes self-adaptive expansion difference compensation for temperature change through the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the organic materials of the pressing block and the tension strip, realizes visual monitoring of the stress state of the pressing block through the strain color-changing coating coated on the surface of the pressing block, realizes stable fixation of the connecting part in the service stage through the electric heating fusion structure of the self-fusion nut, and the connecting part can be controlled to be disassembled in the recycling stage, so that the installation reliability, the inspection convenience and the recycling demand are considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic module technology, specifically to a recyclable organic photovoltaic module briquette. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the installation stability and environmental friendliness of photovoltaic modules throughout their entire life cycle have become core issues of concern to the industry. Currently, photovoltaic modules are typically fixed to supporting beams using metal clamps. However, in practical applications, traditional metal clamps have revealed many insurmountable defects. First, during long-term outdoor operation, clamp loosening is extremely common, especially under severe weather conditions such as strong winds and heavy rain, which increases the risk of loosening. According to incomplete statistics, in northern my country, the proportion of photovoltaic module clamp loosening due to strong winds reaches as high as 15% to 20% annually. The root cause of this problem lies in:

[0003] On the one hand, the connection between the metal clamp and the photovoltaic module frame and the supporting beam mainly relies on bolt fastening. However, bolts are prone to stress relaxation under long-term vibration and temperature changes, resulting in a decrease in preload.

[0004] On the other hand, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between metallic materials and organic materials used in photovoltaic modules, such as the frame, can exacerbate gap changes at connection points in regions with large temperature differences between winter and summer, such as -15℃ to 40℃, ultimately leading to clamp failure. Loose clamps not only significantly reduce the installation stability of photovoltaic modules but can also cause module displacement and collisions, resulting in serious malfunctions such as microcracks and breakage of solar cells, directly affecting power generation efficiency and increasing operation and maintenance costs.

[0005] What's even more challenging is that loose bolts are difficult to detect in a timely manner through conventional inspection methods. Neither manual visual inspection nor rapid drone inspection can accurately determine the tightness of the bolts. They are often only discovered after the components have shifted significantly or fallen off, by which time economic losses or even safety hazards have already occurred.

[0006] In summary, traditional photovoltaic module briquettes have shortcomings in terms of installation reliability and inspection detectability, and there is an urgent need for a new briquetting solution that can fundamentally solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, this application provides a recyclable organic photovoltaic module briquette, which can effectively solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0009] This application provides a recyclable organic photovoltaic module briquette, including a support beam, on which a photovoltaic module is disposed. A limiting component is disposed on one side of the photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module is fixed to the support beam by the limiting component. The limiting component includes a briquette for pressing the photovoltaic module. A tie rod is disposed at the bottom of the briquette for connecting to the support beam and compensating for thermal expansion and contraction. The briquette is coated with a color-changing coating for indicating the strain state of the briquette.

[0010] Furthermore, the bottom of the pressure block abuts against the surface of the photovoltaic module, and a support block for auxiliary support of the pressure block is provided between the pressure block and the support beam. A connecting rod for connecting the tie rod is provided at the bottom of the pressure block, and one end of the connecting rod is connected to the tie rod through a self-fusion nut.

[0011] Furthermore, the self-fusion nut has an embedded heating wire, and the self-fusion nut is fixed to the connecting rod by heating the heating wire.

[0012] Furthermore, the briquettes are made of organic material one, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. -5 / ℃ to 4.5×10 -5 / ℃; the tension strip is made of organic material II, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 8.0×10. -5 / ℃ to 1.2×10 -4 / ℃.

[0013] Furthermore, the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between organic material one and organic material two is 3.5 × 10⁻⁶. -5 / ℃ to 8.0×10 -5 / ℃.

[0014] Furthermore, organic material one is prepared by compression molding of epoxy resin composite material, polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate, and organic material two is prepared by injection molding of nylon 66, polypropylene or an alloy of the two through extrusion granulation.

[0015] Furthermore, when the ambient temperature varies from -15℃ to 40℃, the difference in thermal expansion between the tie rod and the pressure block can compensate for the difference in thermal expansion and contraction between the support beam and the pressure block, so that the change in the gap between the pressure block and the support beam is less than 0.1mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the color-changing coating has a thickness of 80 μm to 150 μm and contains 20 wt% to 35 wt% of pressure-sensitive color-changing microcapsules with a wall thickness of 0.3 μm to 0.8 μm and a particle size of 5 μm to 15 μm.

[0017] Furthermore, the color-changing coating exhibits orange color when the blister strain is between 0.5% and 1.2%, red color when the strain is between 1.2% and 2.5%, and dark purple color when the strain is greater than 2.5%.

[0018] Preferably, the color-changing coating turning orange indicates that the compact is in a state of slight strain, the color-changing coating turning red indicates that the compact is in a state of medium strain, and the color-changing coating turning dark purple indicates that the compact is in a state of critical strain.

[0019] The technical solution provided in this application has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0020] 1. This application includes a tie rod for connecting the support beam and compensating for thermal expansion and contraction. Through the cooperation of the tie rod and the pressure block, the loosening problem caused by bolt stress relaxation and mismatched thermal expansion coefficients of traditional metal pressure blocks is effectively solved. In environments with large temperature variations, the tie rod can adaptively compensate for the difference in thermal expansion and contraction between the support beam and the pressure block, avoiding gaps at the connection point. This improves the installation stability of the photovoltaic module, reduces the risk of module displacement, collision, and microcracks in the cells caused by pressure block loosening, and reduces operation and maintenance costs.

[0021] 2. This application coats the pressure block with a color-changing coating to indicate its strain state, solving the technical problem that traditional bolt loosening issues are difficult to detect in a timely manner through routine inspections. When the pressure block is subjected to excessive force or is close to failure, the color-changing coating changes color with the strain of the pressure block. Inspectors can quickly identify pressure blocks with potential hazards by visual inspection, without the need for complex testing equipment. This enables early detection and handling of safety hazards, effectively preventing safety accidents such as photovoltaic module detachment caused by pressure block failure. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting component in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting rod in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the self-fusion nut structure in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the organic material molding process in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the organic material secondary molding process in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process for preparing the color-changing coating in this application embodiment;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing process in an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0032] 1. Support beam;

[0033] 2. Photovoltaic modules;

[0034] 3. Limiting component; 31. Pressure block; 32. Tie bar; 33. Support block; 34. Connecting rod; 35. Self-fusion nut. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] The present application will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 6 This first embodiment of the present application provides a recyclable organic photovoltaic module 2 clamping block 31, including a support beam 1, on which a photovoltaic module 2 is disposed, and a limiting component 3 is disposed on one side of the photovoltaic module 2. The photovoltaic module 2 is fixed to the support beam 1 by the limiting component 3. The limiting component 3 includes a clamping block 31 for pressing the photovoltaic module 2. A pull strip 32 for connecting the support beam 1 and compensating for thermal expansion and contraction is disposed at the bottom of the clamping block 31. The clamping block 31 is coated with a color-changing coating for indicating the strain state of the clamping block 31.

[0039] It should be noted that the pressure block 31, pull bar 32, support block 33, connecting rod 34, and self-fusion nut 35 in the limiting component 3 are not independently installed, but together form a closed loop of force transmission along the vertical direction. After installation, the connecting rod 34 transmits the reaction force on the pressure block 31 downwards, the pull bar 32 provides continuous tension to the connecting rod 34, the self-fusion nut 35 stabilizes this tension, and the support block 33 provides support reaction force to the pressure block 31 to limit warping of the pressure block 31 under localized pressure. Thus, under conditions of ambient temperature changes and wind load disturbances, the pressing state of the pressure block 31 on the photovoltaic module 2, the compensation state of the pull bar 32, and the color-changing coating's color-changing state are interconnected, forming an integrated working link of fixing, compensation, and early warning.

[0040] The bottom of the pressure block 31 abuts against the surface of the photovoltaic module 2. A support block 33 is provided between the pressure block 31 and the support beam 1 to assist in supporting the pressure block 31. A connecting rod 34 for connecting the pull bar 32 is provided at the bottom of the pressure block 31. One end of the connecting rod 34 is connected to the pull bar 32 through a self-fusion nut 35. The pressure block 31 is located on the upper side to press against the photovoltaic module 2, and the pull bar 32 and the self-fusion nut 35 are located on the lower side to pull against the connecting rod 34, thereby forming a stable clamping force relationship on both sides of the support beam 1.

[0041] In the force transmission path, the clamping force of the photovoltaic module 2 is applied by the pressure block 31. The bottom of the pressure block 31 directly contacts the surface of the photovoltaic module 2 to form a pressure point. The support block 33 is located between the pressure block 31 and the support beam 1 to provide auxiliary support, ensuring that the pressure block 31 remains stable under pressure. The connecting rod 34 extends downward from the bottom of the pressure block 31, passes through the mounting hole on the tie rod 32, and connects with the tie rod 32 to form an integral force-bearing structure. When the self-welding nut 35 is tightened, the tie rod 32 pulls the connecting rod 34 upward, causing the pressure block 31 to press the photovoltaic module 2 downward. At the same time, the support block 33 shares part of the pressure, forming a stable triangular force relationship, ensuring that the pressure block 31 will not shift or loosen during long-term use.

[0042] Furthermore, in addition to its supporting function, the support block 33 also plays a stabilizing role in the thermal compensation process. When the ambient temperature rises and the elongation of the tie rod 32 increases, the pressure block 31 tends to continue to press downward under the traction of the connecting rod 34. At this time, the support block 33 first forms a stable support with the support beam 1, so that the additional displacement is preferentially converted into the redistribution of force inside the limiting component 3, rather than being directly concentrated on the edge of the photovoltaic module 2, thereby avoiding local pressure damage caused by excessive compensation. When the ambient temperature decreases, the support block 33 also serves as the posture holding part of the pressure block 31, reducing the tilting of the pressure block 31 on one side and ensuring that the bottom of the pressure block 31 maintains a relatively uniform pressing state with the photovoltaic module 2.

[0043] The self-fusion nut 35 incorporates an embedded heating wire, which is then fused to the connecting rod 34 for fixation. The self-fusion nut 35 is a special nut structure made of thermoplastic organic material, with a metal heating wire pre-embedded inside. Both ends of the heating wire extend to the outside of the nut, forming terminals. After the mechanical installation and pre-tightening of the pressure block 31 are completed, a low voltage and small current are applied to the terminals via an external power source. The heating wire heats up, causing partial melting of the organic material in the contact area between the nut and the connecting rod 34. After cooling, the two fuse together, forming a fixed connection that is not easily loosened during operation. This fusion method avoids the stress relaxation problem that may occur in traditional bolted connections under long-term vibration. Furthermore, since the fusion process only occurs in the threaded contact area between the nut and the connecting rod 34, it does not cause thermal impact on the overall structure of the pressure block 31.

[0044] It should also be noted that the welding fixation of the self-fusion nut 35 is mainly aimed at preventing loosening during the service life of the photovoltaic module 2, that is, maintaining the connection stability between the connecting rod 34 and the tie rod 32 under long-term vibration, wind load alternation, and temperature difference cycling conditions. For the decommissioning and recycling process, a controlled current can be passed through the heating wire in the self-fusion nut 35 again to soften it locally and release the welding constraint with the connecting rod 34, thereby disassembling the pressure block 31, the tie rod 32, and related components for separate recycling. Therefore, the fixation in this embodiment refers to the stable fixation during the service stage and does not affect the disassembly of the device during the recycling stage.

[0045] The compact 31 is made of organic material one, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion of 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. -5 / ℃ to 4.5×10 -5 / ℃, the tension strip 32 is made of organic material II, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of organic material II is 8.0×10. -5 / ℃ to 1.2×10 -4 / ℃.

[0046] The difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between organic material one and organic material two is 3.5 × 10⁻⁶. -5 / ℃ to 8.0×10 -5 / ℃.

[0047] In this embodiment, the organic material is preferably a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite material, whose coefficient of thermal expansion can be controlled within 2.8 × 10⁻⁶. -5 The temperature is around ℃, which ensures the structural strength of the pressure block 31 while also making its thermal expansion characteristics similar to those of the metal support beam 1. The organic material second is preferably nylon 66, whose coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. -4 / ℃. The coefficient of thermal expansion is a physical quantity that describes the degree of volume expansion of a material as its temperature changes. The larger the value, the more sensitive the material is to temperature changes, and the greater the expansion when heated. The core purpose of setting the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion is to achieve expansion difference compensation by utilizing the difference in expansion characteristics between the two materials. When the ambient temperature rises, the elongation of the pull rod 32 with the larger coefficient of expansion is greater than that of the pressure block 31 with the smaller coefficient of expansion, causing the pull rod 32 to actively move towards the pressure block 31, thus offsetting the gap caused by the mismatch in expansion between the metal support beam 1 and the organic pressure block 31. When the temperature decreases, the shrinkage of the pull rod 32 is greater than that of the pressure block 31, which also maintains a tight fit at the connection point. Preferably, it is 3.5 × 10. -5 / ℃ to 8.0×10 -5 The difference range of / ℃ is calculated based on the temperature difference range of -15℃ to 40℃ in typical photovoltaic application scenarios. This ensures that the expansion difference compensation covers the thermal expansion difference between the support beam 1 and the organic pressure block 31, while avoiding excessive compensation and additional stress caused by excessive difference.

[0048] Within the normal design temperature range, the difference in thermal expansion between the tie rod 32 and the pressure block 31 is used to offset the relative dimensional changes between the supporting beam 1 and the pressure block 31, maintaining the pressure block 31 in a basically stable compressed state. When a temperature difference exceeding the design range, installation deviation, local creep, or abnormal wind vibration impact occurs, the compensation relationship is broken, and the local strain of the pressure block 31 will increase significantly, which will be further manifested through the color-changing coating. Therefore, the thermal compensation structure and the color-changing coating are not simply arranged side by side; the former is used to suppress the generation of abnormal strain, while the latter is used to display the residual strain caused by insufficient compensation or abnormal load. The two work together to achieve long-term management of the service condition of the pressure block 31.

[0049] Organic material one is prepared by compression molding of epoxy resin composite material, polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate, and organic material two is prepared by injection molding of nylon 66, polypropylene or an alloy of the two through extrusion granulation.

[0050] Furthermore, the organic materials used in the pressing block 31 and the pull rod 32 not only meet the matching relationship of thermal expansion coefficient, but also preferably have weather resistance, resistance to damp heat aging and UV resistance, so as to adapt to the long-term outdoor use environment of the photovoltaic module 2. By selecting a resin matrix with weather resistance and corresponding additives in the material system, the dimensional stability and mechanical stability of the pressing block 31 and the pull rod 32 during long-term service can be maintained while ensuring the thermal compensation function.

[0051] The compression molding process of organic material 1 specifically includes the following steps: First, by weight, take 100 parts of epoxy resin, 25 to 35 parts of curing agent, 30 to 50 parts of carbon fiber reinforcement material, and 1 to 3 parts of release agent, and mix them evenly in a high-speed mixer to obtain a molding compound. Add the molding compound to a mold cavity preheated to 150°C to 170°C. After closing the mold, raise the temperature to 170°C to 190°C and apply a pressure of 10MPa to 20MPa. Hold the temperature and pressure for 40 to 60 minutes to allow the resin to fully cure. Then, cool the temperature to below 60°C, open the mold, and demold to obtain the blank of pressed block 31. Finally, remove the flash and perform surface treatment on the blank to obtain the finished pressed block 31. The preferred carbon fiber reinforcement material is short-cut carbon fiber with a length of 3mm to 6mm, which can effectively reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material and improve its mechanical strength.

[0052] The preparation process of the nylon 66-polypropylene alloy material in Organic Material II includes the following steps: By weight percentage, take 60% to 75% nylon 66 resin, 15% to 30% polypropylene resin, 3% to 8% compatibilizer, 0.3% to 0.8% antioxidant, and 0.2% to 0.5% lubricant. Mix the raw materials in a high-speed mixer for 5 to 10 minutes. Add the mixture to a twin-screw extruder for melt blending, extrusion, and granulation. The screw speed of the extruder is 200 rpm to 400 rpm. At 0 rpm and an extrusion temperature set at 240°C to 270°C, the material is extruded and then granulated using a water-cooled strip 32 to obtain alloy particles. These particles are then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 80°C to 90°C for 4 to 6 hours to remove moisture. The dried alloy particles are then added to an injection molding machine for injection molding at an injection temperature of 260°C to 280°C, an injection pressure of 80MPa to 120MPa, a mold temperature of 40°C to 80°C, and a cooling time of 20 to 40 seconds. The strip 32 product is then removed from the mold. The preferred compatibilizer is polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride, which improves the interfacial bonding between nylon 66 and polypropylene, enhancing the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the alloy material.

[0053] When the ambient temperature ranges from -15℃ to 40℃, the difference in thermal expansion between the tie rod 32 and the pressure block 31 can compensate for the difference in thermal expansion and contraction between the support beam 1 and the pressure block 31, so that the change in the gap between the pressure block 31 and the support beam 1 is less than 0.1mm.

[0054] The specific compensation mechanism is as follows: assuming the supporting beam 1 is made of carbon steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1.2 × 10⁻⁶. -5 / ℃, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the 31-bar press is taken as 3.0×10. -5 / ℃, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the 32mm wire rod is taken as 1.0×10⁻⁶. -4 / ℃. When the temperature changes by 55℃, the expansion amount of the 50mm long tie rod 32 is 0.275mm, and the expansion amount of the same length pressure block 31 is 0.0825mm. The expansion difference between the two is 0.1925mm, while the expansion difference between the support beam 1 and the pressure block 31 is 0.0495mm. The expansion difference between the tie rod 32 and the pressure block 31 is greater than the expansion difference between the support beam 1 and the pressure block 31, which can actively compensate and maintain the tight fit of the connection part.

[0055] In summary, this application achieves adaptive compensation for temperature changes by utilizing the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the two organic materials through the synergistic effect of the pull bar 32 and the pressure block 31. This solves the problem of loosening caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the traditional metal pressure block 31. At the same time, the electrothermal welding structure of the self-fusion nut 35 avoids the risk of bolt loosening, and the mechanical design of the support block 33 and the connecting rod 34 ensures the stability of the overall structure.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Reference Figure 7 This is a second embodiment of the present application, which provides a recyclable organic photovoltaic module 2 compact 31, including a color-changing coating with a thickness of 80 μm to 150 μm, containing 20 wt% to 35 wt% of pressure-sensitive color-changing microcapsules with a wall thickness of 0.3 μm to 0.8 μm and a particle size of 5 μm to 15 μm.

[0058] The color-changing coating appears orange when the strain of the compact 31 is 0.5% to 1.2%, red when the strain is 1.2% to 2.5%, and dark purple when the strain is greater than 2.5%.

[0059] In this embodiment, the preferred thickness of the color-changing coating is 120 μm, the preferred content of pressure-induced color-changing microcapsules is 28 wt%, the preferred microcapsule wall thickness is 0.5 μm, and the preferred particle size is controlled within the range of 8 μm to 12 μm. This thickness range is chosen because if the coating is too thin (below 80 μm), the microcapsule content is insufficient, resulting in indistinct color change; if the coating is too thick (above 150 μm), uneven stress transmission leads to a delayed color change, failing to accurately reflect the true strain state of the compact 31. The control of the microcapsule wall thickness directly affects its rupture threshold. A wall thickness range of 0.3 μm to 0.8 μm allows the microcapsules to begin rupturing and releasing the color-developing agent when the strain of the compact 31 is approximately 0.5%, thereby achieving an early warning function.

[0060] Preferably, when the ambient temperature is within the design range of -15℃ to 40℃, and the limiting component 3 is installed normally and not subjected to abnormal impact, the color-changing coating maintains its original color or only shows a slight color transition; when red or dark purple appears continuously at the same location, it indicates that the pressure block 31 is no longer in a normal compensation working state, and there may be installation deviation, long-term creep, local impact or connection abnormality, and it should be a key inspection and priority replacement target.

[0061] The working process and principle of the color-changing coating are as follows: This coating is a pressure-sensitive color-changing coating, composed of pressure-sensitive microcapsules, an epoxy resin matrix, a curing agent, and additives. When the pressure block 31 is subjected to wind load or mechanical stress and undergoes strain, the coating deforms along with the pressure block 31. Under stress, the microcapsules gradually rupture, releasing the internal leuco dye. The leuco dye then reacts with the color-developing agent in the coating to produce a color reaction. The greater the strain, the more microcapsules rupture, and the deeper the color.

[0062] It should be noted that the color-changing coating in this embodiment is preferably used as a cumulative damage indicator layer, and its color development process is a gradual deepening process with the accumulation of strain. That is, after the pressure block 31 has undergone multiple cycles of thermal expansion and contraction, wind load vibration, or installation stress, even if the external load is removed once, the microcapsules that have already taken effect can still retain the corresponding color traces, thereby converting the cumulative damage that is not easily detected by instantaneous measurement into color information that can be directly observed. Therefore, the color-changing coating is not used to accurately measure instantaneous stress values, but to characterize the cumulative strain level of the pressure block 31 over a period of operation, which is more in line with the application characteristics of periodic inspections of outdoor photovoltaic power stations.

[0063] In this embodiment, the pressure-sensitive color-changing microcapsules use urea-formaldehyde resin as the wall material and crystal violet lactone as the core material. The color-developing agent is the acidic activator bisphenol A. When the strain reaches 0.5%, some microcapsules rupture, releasing crystal violet lactone, which reacts with bisphenol A to produce an orange color. As the strain continues to increase to above 1.2%, more microcapsules rupture, and the color deepens to red. When the strain exceeds 2.5%, most microcapsules rupture, reaching the deepest color of dark purple.

[0064] The preparation process of the color-changing coating includes the following steps: 100 parts by weight of urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer solution are taken, and 15 to 25 parts of crystal violet lactone core material are added. The mixture is stirred and reacted for 2 to 4 hours at a pH of 3.5 to 4.5. After filtration, washing, and drying, pressure-sensitive color-changing microcapsules are obtained. 100 parts of epoxy resin matrix, 25 to 45 parts of pressure-sensitive color-changing microcapsules, 5 to 8 parts of bisphenol A color developer, 1 to 3 parts of dispersant, and 0.5 to 1 part of defoamer are taken and stirred evenly in a high-speed disperser to obtain a coating. The coating is applied to the surface of the compact 31 by spraying or dipping, and the coating thickness is controlled at 80 μm to 150 μm. The coating is dried at 60°C to 80°C for 2 to 4 hours to cure, forming the final color-changing coating.

[0065] The color-changing coating turning orange indicates that the pressure block 31 is in a state of slight strain, which is an early warning stage. The inspection personnel can record the location and include it in the observation plan.

[0066] When the color-changing coating turns red, it indicates that the pressure block 31 is in a medium strain state, approaching the critical value, and replacement is recommended in the near future. When the color-changing coating turns dark purple, it indicates that the pressure block 31 is in a critical strain state and is about to fail, requiring immediate replacement to avoid the risk of module detachment. In actual photovoltaic power plant operation and maintenance, inspection personnel can quickly identify the color of the pressure block 31 by visual inspection or by using a drone equipped with a camera, eliminating the need for working at heights or using professional testing equipment, greatly improving inspection efficiency and safety.

[0067] In summary, this application achieves a visual representation of the stress state of the pressure block 31 through the strain-changing color coating, enabling inspection personnel to intuitively and quickly identify the location of the pressure block 31 with potential hazards. This solves the technical problem that traditional bolt loosening is difficult to detect through conventional inspection methods, and effectively avoids safety accidents such as photovoltaic module 2 falling off due to the failure of the pressure block 31.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] Reference Figure 8 This is the third embodiment of the present application. Based on embodiments 1 and 2, this embodiment further explains the collaborative working method of the pressure block 31 during installation, operation and maintenance.

[0070] During the installation phase, the photovoltaic module 2 is first placed in the predetermined installation position on the supporting beam 1. Then, the pressure block 31 is placed above the edge of the photovoltaic module 2, with the bottom of the pressure block 31 abutting against the surface of the photovoltaic module 2. The support block 33 is positioned between the pressure block 31 and the supporting beam 1 to form a support. Subsequently, the connecting rod 34 is connected to the tie rod 32, and pre-tightened using the self-fusion nut 35, so that the pressure block 31 forms an initial holding force on the photovoltaic module 2. After pre-tightening, the self-fusion nut 35 is heated by electricity to fuse it with the connecting rod 34, thereby stabilizing the pre-tightened state formed during installation.

[0071] During operation, when the ambient temperature changes, the tension strip 32 and the pressure block 31 experience different dimensional changes due to their different coefficients of thermal expansion. The expansion or contraction of the tension strip 32 is greater than that of the pressure block 31, thus providing a compensating traction effect on the pressure block 31 to counteract the gap change trend between the support beam 1 and the pressure block 31 caused by the temperature difference. During this process, the support block 33 maintains the stable stress posture of the pressure block 31, ensuring a relatively uniform pressure distribution on the photovoltaic module 2 at the bottom of the pressure block 31, thereby reducing the risk of excessive local pressure or localized pressure loss.

[0072] Under abnormal operating conditions, such as local installation deviations, long-cycle creep, sudden strong wind impacts, or temperature fluctuations exceeding the design range leading to insufficient thermal compensation, the local strain of the pressure block 31 will be higher than under normal operating conditions. In this case, the color-changing coating on the surface of the pressure block 31 changes color with the accumulation of strain, gradually revealing itself from orange to red and finally to dark purple, transforming the stress anomaly originally hidden within the fixed structure into externally identifiable information. That is, the differential expansion between the tension bar 32 and the pressure block 31 is used to minimize the generation of abnormal strain, while the color-changing coating provides status feedback when abnormal strain has already formed. The two work together to improve the long-term service reliability of the pressure block 31.

[0073] During the operation and maintenance inspection phase, inspection personnel can quickly visually inspect the pressure blocks 31 in the photovoltaic array, prioritizing the identification of locations showing red or dark purple discoloration, and then verifying the corresponding parts. Since the color information directly corresponds to the strain accumulation level of the pressure blocks 31, compared with the traditional method of relying solely on manual point-by-point tightening inspection, this application can improve inspection efficiency and reduce the workload of high-altitude operations and large-scale disassembly and inspection.

[0074] During the decommissioning and recycling phase, a controlled current can be applied again to the self-fusion nut 35 to soften it locally and release the fusion constraint between it and the connecting rod 34. Then, the pressure block 31, the pull rod 32, and related components can be disassembled and recycled separately. Thus, this application not only takes into account the stable connection requirements during service but also the dismantling and recycling needs after decommissioning, which is in line with the application direction of recyclable organic photovoltaic module mounting components.

[0075] As can be seen from the above process, this application does not simply superimpose the thermal compensation structure, the fixing structure and the color-changing structure, but rather constructs a complete collaborative system around the long-term service state of the pressure block 31: the self-welding nut 35 is used to maintain the pre-tightened state of installation, the thermal expansion difference between the tie rod 32 and the pressure block 31 is used to absorb the relative size change caused by the temperature difference, and the color-changing coating is used to display the abnormal strain that still accumulates during long-term operation. The three work together to realize the full-cycle management from installation and fixing, operation compensation to inspection and early warning and then to decommissioning and dismantling.

[0076] Under typical installation conditions, when the pressure block 31 of the present invention is in normal compensation operation, the color-changing coating maintains its original color or only undergoes a slight color transition. When the local strain of the pressure block 31 continues to increase due to temperature difference cycling, local installation deviation, or additional disturbance, the corresponding position of the color-changing coating gradually shows a color development from orange to red and then to dark purple. This indicates that the present invention can not only reduce the generation of abnormal strain by utilizing the difference in thermal expansion between the tension strip 32 and the pressure block 31, but also provide intuitive feedback through color change after the accumulation of abnormal strain.

[0077] As can be seen from Embodiments 1 and 2, the technical solution of this application achieves adaptive expansion compensation for temperature changes by designing the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the organic materials of the pressure block 31 and the tie rod 32. The strain-changing color-changing coating on the surface of the pressure block 31 enables visual monitoring of the stress state of the pressure block 31. The electrothermal fusion structure of the self-fusion nut 35 ensures stable fixation of the connection during use. The pressure block 31 and the tie rod 32 are made of organic materials with low and high expansion coefficients, respectively. Under temperature change conditions, the difference in thermal expansion between the tie rod 32 and the pressure block 31 actively compensates for the difference in thermal expansion and contraction between the supporting beam 1 and the pressure block 31, maintaining a tight fit at the connection. The pressure-induced color-changing microcapsules in the color-changing coating gradually rupture and release the color developer as the strain of the pressure block 31 increases, visually reflecting the strain state of the pressure block 31 through color change. The self-fusion nut 35 has an embedded heating wire that heats the nut and the connecting rod 34 after installation, fundamentally eliminating the possibility of bolt loosening. The entire process ensures reliability throughout the entire lifecycle, from installation and fixation to long-term operation and maintenance.

[0078] The advantages of this application are:

[0079] First, the design of the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the pressure block 31 and the pull strip 32 achieves adaptive compensation for temperature changes. This solves the loosening problem caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the traditional metal pressure block 31 without the need for any elastic elements, thus improving the installation stability of the photovoltaic module 2.

[0080] Secondly, the strain-changing color coating on the surface of the pressure block 31 enables a visual representation of the stress state of the pressure block 31, allowing inspection personnel to quickly identify the location of the pressure block 31 with potential hazards through visual inspection or drones, thus solving the technical problem that traditional bolt loosening is difficult to detect through conventional inspection methods.

[0081] Third, the electrothermal welding structure of the self-fusion nut 35 achieves stable fixation of the connection during the service stage, avoiding the stress relaxation problem that may occur in traditional bolt connections under long-term vibration, and greatly reducing the later maintenance cost.

[0082] Fourth, all components are made of recyclable organic materials. After the photovoltaic module 2 is decommissioned, the briquettes 31 can be recycled and reused, reducing the use of metal materials and the pollution of the environment caused by the waste briquettes 31, which meets the requirements of green and low-carbon development.

[0083] The working principle of this application is as follows:

[0084] During installation, the pressure block 31 is placed above the photovoltaic module 2, the connecting rod 34 passes through the mounting hole of the support beam 1 and is connected to the tie rod 32. It is initially locked by the self-fusion nut 35, and then the heating wire is energized to fuse the nut and the connecting rod 34 to form a non-removable connection.

[0085] During daily operation, when the ambient temperature changes, the difference in thermal expansion between the tie rod 32 with a larger coefficient of expansion and the pressure block 31 with a smaller coefficient of expansion is automatically compensated for the difference in thermal expansion and contraction between the metal support beam 1 and the pressure block 31, so that the gap between the pressure block 31 and the support beam 1 always remains tightly fitted, preventing loosening.

[0086] When the pressure block 31 is subjected to strain due to wind load or other external forces, the pressure-induced color-changing microcapsules in the color-changing coating on the surface of the pressure block 31 gradually rupture and release the color developer as the strain increases. The coating color changes from orange to red and then to dark purple. During routine inspections, the inspection personnel can discover areas with abnormal color by visual inspection or by taking pictures with a drone, judge the stress state and failure risk of the pressure block 31, and replace the pressure block 31 in a timely manner if it is in a critical state.

[0087] In summary, this application, through the adaptive compensation of the pressure block 31 and the pull strip 32 based on the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, the pressure block 31 based on the strain-changing color coating for visual monitoring, and the self-fusion nut 35 based on electrothermal welding for permanent fixation, synergistically improves the installation reliability of the photovoltaic module 2 pressure block 31, enhances the convenience of inspection, and reduces maintenance costs, effectively solving the problems of difficulty in detecting loosening of traditional metal pressure blocks 31 and difficulty in subsequent maintenance.

[0088] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A recyclable organic photovoltaic module briquette, comprising a support beam (1), wherein a photovoltaic module (2) is disposed on the support beam (1), characterized in that: A limiting component (3) is provided on one side of the photovoltaic module (2). The photovoltaic module (2) is fixed to the supporting beam (1) by the limiting component (3). The limiting component (3) includes a pressure block (31) for pressing the photovoltaic module (2). The bottom of the pressure block (31) is provided with a tie rod (32) for connecting the supporting beam (1) and compensating for thermal expansion and contraction. The pressure block (31) is coated with a color-changing coating for indicating the strain state of the pressure block (31). The bottom of the pressure block (31) abuts against the surface of the photovoltaic module (2). A support block (33) for auxiliary support of the pressure block (31) is provided between the pressure block (31) and the support beam (1). A connecting rod (34) for connecting the pull bar (32) is provided at the bottom of the pressure block (31). One end of the connecting rod (34) is connected to the pull bar (32) by a self-fusion nut (35). The self-fusion nut (35) is embedded with an electric heating wire. The self-fusion nut (35) is fixed to the connecting rod (34) by heating the electric heating wire. The pressure block (31) is made of an organic material with a thermal expansion coefficient of 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. -5 / ℃ to 4.5×10 -5 / ℃; the pull strip (32) is made of organic material II, the coefficient of thermal expansion of which is 8.0×10 -5 / ℃ to 1.2×10 -4 / ℃, the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between organic material one and organic material two is 3.5×10. -5 / ℃ to 8.0×10 -5 / ℃, when the ambient temperature range is -15℃ to 40℃, the difference in thermal expansion between the tie rod (32) and the pressure block (31) can compensate for the difference in thermal expansion and contraction between the support beam (1) and the pressure block (31), so that the gap change between the pressure block (31) and the support beam (1) is less than 0.1mm. When the ambient temperature rises and the elongation of the tie rod (32) increases, the pressure block (31) tends to continue to press down under the traction of the connecting rod (34). At this time, the support block (33) first forms a stable support with the support beam (1), so that the additional displacement is preferentially converted into a limiting group. The force is redistributed inside the component (3) instead of being directly concentrated on the edge of the photovoltaic module (2), thereby avoiding local pressure damage caused by excessive compensation. Within the normal design temperature range, the difference in thermal expansion between the tie bar (32) and the pressure block (31) is used to offset the relative size change between the support beam (1) and the pressure block (31), so that the pressure block (31) maintains a stable pressing state. When there is a temperature difference, installation deviation, local creep or abnormal wind vibration impact that exceeds the design range, the compensation relationship is broken, the local strain of the pressure block (31) will increase, and it will be further manifested through the color-changing coating.

2. The recyclable organic photovoltaic module briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first organic material is prepared by compression molding of epoxy resin composite material, polyimide or polyethylene naphthalate, and the second organic material is prepared by injection molding of nylon 66, polypropylene or an alloy of the two through extrusion granulation.

3. The recyclable organic photovoltaic module briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that: The color-changing coating has a thickness of 80 μm to 150 μm and contains 20 wt% to 35 wt% of pressure-sensitive color-changing microcapsules, wherein the pressure-sensitive color-changing microcapsules have a wall thickness of 0.3 μm to 0.8 μm and a particle size of 5 μm to 15 μm.

4. The recyclable organic photovoltaic module briquette according to claim 3, characterized in that: The color-changing coating appears orange when the strain of the press block (31) is 0.5% to 1.2%, red when the strain is 1.2% to 2.5%, and dark purple when the strain is greater than 2.5%.

5. A recyclable organic photovoltaic module briquette according to claim 4, characterized in that: The color-changing coating turning orange indicates that the pressure block (31) is in a state of slight strain, the color-changing coating turning red indicates that the pressure block (31) is in a state of medium strain, and the color-changing coating turning dark purple indicates that the pressure block (31) is in a state of critical strain.

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