A special-shaped shaft part machining device and process method
By combining non-circular shaft parts processing equipment with CNC lathes, the radial runout problem caused by the asymmetrical structure of the guide vane shaft head of the hydropower station turbine was solved, achieving high-precision processing, meeting the form and position tolerance requirements, and improving the processing quality.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TANGSHAN YULIAN ELECTROMECHANICAL
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
In the existing technology, the asymmetrical structure of the guide vane shaft of the hydropower station turbine causes radial runout, making it difficult to meet the form and position tolerance requirements of roundness, coaxiality and perpendicularity, thus affecting the machining quality.
The equipment for processing irregular shaft parts includes a workpiece support and adjustment mechanism, a cyclone milling head, a cyclone milling head axial moving seat, and a cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism. It works in conjunction with a CNC lathe to precisely adjust the coaxiality of the workpiece and the cyclone milling head, and then uses the cyclone milling head to perform precision machining on the guide vane shaft head.
It effectively overcomes the radial runout problem, improves machining accuracy, ensures that workpieces meet geometric tolerance requirements, and improves product quality and machining efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN122425243A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, specifically to a machining equipment and process method for irregularly shaped shaft parts. Background Technology
[0002] As attached Figure 1 As shown, a guide vane 1 of a hydroelectric turbine guide vane mechanism in a hydroelectric power station has an asymmetrical, elliptical blade-like main plate (commonly known as the middle plate 1-1). Shafts extending from both ends (i.e., the first shaft 1-2 and the second shaft 1-3 in the figure) are respectively inserted into the guide vane bearings of the turbine's top cover and bottom ring to ensure precise circumferential positioning and flexible rotation of the guide vane 1. The shafts of the guide vane 1 and the middle plate 1-1 are typically made of high-strength alloy materials with excellent cavitation and wear resistance. The blanks are formed by integral casting or forging, and then machined to produce guide vane products that meet the design drawings.
[0003] According to the product drawings, the roundness, coaxiality, and perpendicularity of each shaft segment at both ends of the intermediate plate 1-1 must be strictly controlled within the tolerance range. Currently, lathe equipment is used to process the outer cylindrical surfaces of each shaft segment. One end of the guide vane 1 workpiece is clamped by a lathe chuck, and the other end is held in place by a lathe tailstock center. During turning, the guide vane 1 workpiece rotates, and the cutting tool feeds radially. However, due to the asymmetrical structure of the intermediate plate 1-1, the unbalanced rotation of the guide vane 1 workpiece will cause radial runout. Even with the corrective measure of adding counterweights to the intermediate plate 1-1, the radial runout problem cannot be completely avoided. As a result, the roundness, coaxiality, and perpendicularity of each shaft segment at both ends of the workpiece are difficult to meet the design drawing requirements. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention provides a processing equipment and process for irregularly shaped shaft parts, aiming to solve the problem of radial runout caused by the asymmetrical structure during the precision machining of the outer cylindrical surfaces of the shaft ends of the guide vane workpiece, thereby ensuring that the workpiece meets the form and position tolerance requirements after machining and improving the product processing quality.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A machining equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts, used in conjunction with a CNC lathe, includes: a workpiece support and adjustment mechanism, a whirl milling head, a whirl milling head axial moving seat, and a whirl milling head adjustment mechanism; One end of the axial moving seat of the cyclone milling head is fixedly connected to the lathe tool holder slide; The cyclone milling head includes a housing, a drive mechanism, a cyclone milling spindle, a cyclone milling cutter disc, a cutting tool, and a cyclone milling head support frame. The cyclone milling head support frame is mounted on the axial moving seat of the cyclone milling head. The drive mechanism and the housing are arranged on the cyclone milling head support frame. The cyclone milling spindle is located inside the housing. A cyclone milling cutter disc is mounted at one end of the cyclone milling spindle. The cutting tool is mounted on the front end face of the cyclone milling cutter disc. The cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism includes a cyclone milling head left and right position adjustment component and a cyclone milling head height adjustment bolt component, which are installed between the cyclone milling head axial moving seat and the cyclone milling head support frame; The workpiece support and adjustment mechanism is installed on the bed of the CNC lathe. The workpiece support and adjustment mechanism is provided with a guide vane support frame, a guide vane bracket and a guide vane adjustment assembly. The guide vane support frame is installed on the lathe bed. The guide vane bracket has a left-right symmetrical structure. The guide vane adjustment assembly is fitted with the guide vane support frame and the guide vane bracket.
[0006] The aforementioned equipment for processing irregularly shaped shaft parts includes a guide vane adjustment assembly equipped with guide vane bracket height adjustment bolts and guide vane left and right position adjustment screws. Two sets of guide vane bracket height adjustment bolts are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the guide vane's central axis, with no fewer than two bolts in each set. Each guide vane bracket height adjustment bolt passes through the support plate of the guide vane bracket and is fitted with a threaded hole corresponding to the upper end face of the guide vane support frame. The guide vane left and right position adjustment screws are installed on the left and right vertical plates of the guide vane bracket and are arranged horizontally.
[0007] The aforementioned equipment for processing irregular shaft parts further includes a compression spring in the guide vane adjustment assembly, which is arranged between the support plate of the guide vane bracket and the upper end face of the guide vane support frame.
[0008] In the aforementioned equipment for processing irregular shaft parts, the cyclone milling head has one to five sets of cutting tools arranged circumferentially along the cyclone milling cutter head, with the guide rod extending radially. The radial feed difference Δ between two adjacent sets of cutting tools increases sequentially along the rotation direction of the cyclone milling spindle.
[0009] The aforementioned machining equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts has a slider at the bottom of the axial moving seat of the cyclone milling head that cooperates with the lathe bed guide rail.
[0010] In the aforementioned equipment for processing irregularly shaped shaft parts, the surface of the support plate of the guide vane bracket is made of wear-resistant and friction-reducing material to ensure that the surface of the guide vane is not damaged during the adjustment process.
[0011] A machining process for irregularly shaped shaft parts, using the aforementioned irregularly shaped shaft part machining equipment to achieve precision machining of the cylindrical surface of the irregularly shaped shaft parts, includes the following steps: a. Installation of the cyclone milling head and adjustment of the coaxiality between the cyclone milling spindle and the lathe spindle: Assemble one end of the axial moving seat of the cyclone milling head with the lathe tool holder slide, and then install the cyclone milling head without the tool installed on the axial moving seat of the cyclone milling head. Adjust the height of the cyclone milling head by means of the cyclone milling head height adjusting bolt assembly in the cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism, and adjust the left and right position of the cyclone milling head by means of the left and right position adjusting assembly in the cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism, so that the center axis of the cyclone milling spindle is precisely aligned with the center axis of the lathe spindle; b. Workpiece placement: Hoist the guide vane onto the guide vane bracket support plate of the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism, and perform axial positioning with the axial position of the lathe chuck as the reference. c. Adjustment of coaxiality between workpiece and cyclone milling spindle: Adjust the height position of the guide vane bracket by adjusting the height bolt of the guide vane bracket of the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism to ensure the stability of the height adjustment process. Adjust the left and right position of the guide vane by adjusting the left and right position screw of the guide vane to make the central axis of the guide vane precisely coincide with the central axis of the cyclone milling spindle. d. Workpiece clamping: Fix one end of the guide vane shaft with the lathe chuck, and tighten the other end of the shaft with the lathe tailstock center; e. Axial positioning of the cyclone milling head: According to the machining position of the guide vane shaft head, under the drive of the lathe tool holder slide, the bottom sliding block of the axial moving seat cooperates with the lathe bed guide rail to move the cyclone milling head along the bed guide rail to the machining position. f. Cyclone milling: Mount the cyclone milling head tool on the cyclone milling cutter head, start the drive mechanism to drive the cyclone milling spindle and cutter head to rotate at high speed, and the tool cuts the outer circular surface of the guide vane shaft head. During this process, the guide vane is stationary. After completing the machining of each shaft section of one end of the shaft head, turn the workpiece clamping direction and perform cyclone milling on the other end of the shaft head. g. Product Inspection: After the machining of each shaft section at both ends of the guide vane is completed, the roundness, coaxiality, and perpendicularity of each shaft section to the end faces of the intermediate plate at both ends of the guide vane shall be inspected.
[0012] In the above-mentioned machining process for irregular shaft parts, in step a, the coincidence of the center axis of the whirl milling spindle and the center axis of the lathe spindle is checked using a standard inspection bar. The specific operation steps are as follows: the standard inspection bar passes through the whirl milling spindle, and is clamped and fixed by the lathe chuck and the lathe tailstock center. At this time, the center axis of the standard inspection bar coincides with the center axis of the lathe spindle. A dial indicator is installed on the whirl milling cutter head. The whirl milling spindle rotates one revolution, and the coincidence of the center axis of the whirl milling spindle and the center axis of the lathe spindle is checked by dial indicator. After the test is qualified, the standard inspection bar is removed.
[0013] In the above-mentioned machining process for irregular shaft parts, the specific steps for detecting the coincidence of the workpiece's central axis and the cyclone milling spindle's central axis in step c are as follows: A dial indicator is installed on the cyclone milling cutter head. Under the drive of the lathe tool holder slide, the bottom sliding block of the axial moving seat cooperates with the lathe bed guide rail to move the cyclone milling head along the bed guide rail to a position opposite to any shaft segment of the workpiece to be machined. The cyclone milling spindle is rotated one revolution, and the coincidence of the workpiece's central axis and the cyclone milling spindle's central axis is detected by dial indicator.
[0014] This invention provides a machining equipment and process for irregularly shaped shaft parts, particularly suitable for the precision machining of the outer cylindrical surfaces of the shaft ends of guide vanes in hydropower station turbines. When precision machining the outer cylindrical surfaces of the shaft ends of the guide vane workpiece, one end of the axial moving seat of the cyclone milling head can be assembled with the lathe tool holder slide, and then the cyclone milling head can be mounted on the axial moving seat. The cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism is then used to adjust the cyclone milling spindle's central axis to coincide with the lathe spindle's central axis; the workpiece's central axis is also adjusted to coincide with the cyclone milling spindle's central axis using a workpiece support and adjustment mechanism; one end of the workpiece shaft end is clamped and fixed by the lathe chuck of the CNC lathe, while the other end of the workpiece shaft end is held in place by the lathe tailstock center; the cyclone milling head is used to cut and machine the outer cylindrical surfaces of different shaft sections of the shaft end. During this process, the cyclone milling spindle of the cyclone milling head drives the cutting tool to rotate, while the guide vane workpiece remains stationary. In summary, by utilizing the above-mentioned technical means, this invention not only overcomes the radial runout problem caused by the asymmetrical structure of the guide vanes in traditional processes, but also improves work efficiency, adapts to the processing requirements of guide vanes of different specifications, and achieves the goal of ensuring that the workpiece meets the form and position tolerance requirements and improving the product processing quality. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the guide vane structure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the irregular shaft parts processing equipment described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the irregular shaft part processing equipment described in this invention; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at section AA in the middle; Figure 5 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the cyclone milling head; Figure 6 for Figure 2 K-direction view; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of the structure at point I; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of the structure at point II; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the radial drop of a cyclone milling cutter (after unfolding).
[0016] Explanation of each symbol in the image: 1 is the guide vane, 1-1 is the intermediate plate, 1-2 is the first shaft head, and 1-3 is the second shaft head; 2 is the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism. 2-1 is the guide vane bracket, 2-2 is the height adjustment bolt, 2-3 is the compression spring, 2-4 is the guide vane support frame, and 2-5 is the left and right position adjustment screw; 3 is a cyclone milling head 3-1 is the housing, 3-2 is the drive mechanism, 3-3 is the cyclone milling spindle, 3-4 is the cyclone milling cutter head, 3-5 is the cutting tool, 3-5-1 is the first cutting tool, 3-5-2 is the second cutting tool, 3-5-3 is the third cutting tool, 3-5-4 is the fourth cutting tool, 3-5-5 is the fifth cutting tool, and 3-6 is the cyclone milling head support frame; 4 is the lathe chuck; 5 represents the tailstock center of the lathe; 6 is a lathe tool holder slide 7 represents the lathe bed; 8 represents the lathe bed guideway; 9 is the axial moving seat of the cyclone milling head, and 9-1 is the moving slider; 10 is the left and right position adjustment component for the cyclone milling head; 11 is the height adjustment bolt assembly for the cyclone milling head. Detailed Implementation
[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0018] Referring to Figure 1, a guide vane 1 of a hydroelectric turbine guide vane mechanism in a hydroelectric power station has an asymmetrical, elliptical blade-like central plate 1-1. Shafts extending from both ends (first shaft 1-2 and second shaft 1-3 in the figure) are inserted into the guide vane bearings of the turbine's top cover and bottom ring, respectively, to ensure precise circumferential positioning and flexible rotation of the guide vane 1. The shafts of the guide vane 1 and the central plate 1-1 are typically made of high-strength alloy materials with excellent cavitation and wear resistance. The blanks are formed using integral casting or forging processes, and then machined to produce guide vane products that meet the design drawings. During the machining of the guide vane 1, the roundness, coaxiality, and perpendicularity of each shaft segment to the end faces of the central plate 1-1 must be strictly controlled within tolerance limits. Currently, lathe equipment is used to process the outer cylindrical surfaces of each shaft section of the shaft head. One end of the guide vane 1 workpiece is clamped by a lathe chuck, and the other end is held in place by a tailstock center. During turning, the guide vane 1 workpiece rotates, and the cutting tool cuts radially. However, due to the asymmetrical structure of the intermediate plate 1-1, the unbalanced rotation of the guide vane 1 workpiece will cause radial runout. Even with the corrective measure of adding a counterweight to the intermediate plate 1-1, the radial runout problem cannot be completely avoided. As a result, it is difficult to guarantee the roundness, coaxiality, and perpendicularity of each shaft section to the end faces of the plate at both ends of the workpiece.
[0019] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 This invention provides a machining equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts, which includes a workpiece support and adjustment mechanism 2, a cyclone milling head 3, a cyclone milling head axial moving seat 9, and a cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism. When used in conjunction with a CNC lathe, it can achieve high-precision cyclone milling machining of the shaft ends of the guide vane 1.
[0020] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 The non-circular shaft parts processing equipment of the present invention includes a guide vane support frame 2-4, a guide vane bracket 2-1, and a guide vane adjustment assembly for adjusting the central axis of the guide vane 1 to coincide with the central axis of the CNC lathe spindle in the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism 2. The guide vane support frame 2-4 serves as the installation reference for the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism 2 and is rigidly fixed to the lathe bed 7 by bolts. The guide vane bracket 2-1 has a symmetrical structure with a bottom support plate and left and right vertical plates. The surface of the bottom support plate is made of wear-resistant and friction-reducing material to avoid damaging the surface of the guide vane 1 in contact with it. The guide vane adjustment assembly is fitted with the guide vane support frame 2-4 and the guide vane bracket 2-1.
[0021] See Figure 3The irregular shaft parts processing equipment of the present invention includes a guide vane adjustment assembly of the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism 2 comprising a guide vane bracket height adjustment bolt 2-2, a compression spring 2-3, and a guide vane left and right position adjustment screw 2-5. Two sets of guide vane bracket height adjustment bolts 2-2 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the central axis of the guide vane 1, with no fewer than two bolts in each set. Each guide vane bracket height adjustment bolt 2-2 passes through the support plate of the guide vane bracket 2-1 and is fitted with a threaded hole corresponding to the upper end face of the guide vane support frame 2-4. The compression spring 2-3 is arranged between the support plate of the guide vane bracket 2-1 and the upper end face of the guide vane support frame 2-4, providing elastic preload to eliminate thread clearance. The guide vane left and right position adjustment screw 2-5 is installed on the left and right vertical plates of the guide vane bracket 2-1 in a horizontal arrangement, and can be used to move the guide vane 1 left and right by turning the left and right position adjustment screw 2-5.
[0022] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 The non-circular shaft part processing equipment of the present invention includes a cyclone milling head 3 comprising a housing 3-1, a drive mechanism 3-2, a cyclone milling spindle 3-3, a cyclone milling cutter disc 3-4, a cutting tool 3-5, and a cyclone milling head support frame 3-6. The cyclone milling head support frame 3-6 serves as the mounting base for the cyclone milling head 3, and is mounted on the axial moving seat 9 of the cyclone milling head. The drive mechanism 3-2 and the housing 3-1 are arranged on the cyclone milling head support frame 3-6. The drive mechanism 3-2 uses a high-precision servo motor, which is connected to the cyclone milling spindle 3-3 via a synchronous belt, providing stable high-speed rotational power. The cyclone milling spindle 3-3 is located inside the housing 3-1, and a cyclone milling cutter disc 3-4 is mounted at one end of the cyclone milling spindle 3-3. The cutting tool... Five sets (3-5-1 to 3-5-5) are evenly arranged circumferentially on the front face of the cyclone milling cutter disc 3-4. The guide rod of the cutter 3-5 extends radially. The radial feed difference between two adjacent sets of cutters is Δ (Δ1 between cutter 3-5-1 and cutter 3-5-2, Δ2 between cutter 3-5-2 and cutter 3-5-3, Δ3 between cutter 3-5-3 and cutter 3-5-4, and Δ4 between cutter 3-5-4 and cutter 3-5-5). The value of Δ increases sequentially along the rotation direction of the cyclone milling spindle 3-3, thereby achieving layered cutting of the workpiece and reducing cutting force and vibration.
[0023] See Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8The cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism of the irregular shaft parts processing equipment of the present invention is installed between the cyclone milling head axial moving seat 9 and the cyclone milling head support frame 3-6, including the cyclone milling head left and right position adjustment component 10 and the cyclone milling head height adjustment bolt assembly 11; the cyclone milling head height adjustment bolt assembly 11 is arranged at the four corners of the cyclone milling head support frame 3-6, and the overall height of the cyclone milling head 3 is precisely adjusted by rotating the bolts, so that the central axis of the cyclone milling spindle 3-3 is aligned with the central axis of the lathe spindle in the vertical direction; the cyclone milling head left and right position adjustment component 10 adopts a precision lead screw structure, which pushes the cyclone milling head support frame 3-6 to make slight adjustments in the horizontal direction to correct the horizontal deviation of the central axis of the cyclone milling head 3.
[0024] See Figures 1 to 9 The present invention also provides a machining process for irregularly shaped shaft parts, which uses irregularly shaped shaft part machining equipment to achieve precision machining of the cylindrical surface of the shaft part, including the following steps: a. Installation of the cyclone milling head and adjustment of the coaxiality between the cyclone milling spindle and the lathe spindle: Assemble one end of the axial moving seat 9 of the cyclone milling head with the lathe tool holder slide 6, and then install the cyclone milling head without the tool installed on the axial moving seat 9. Adjust the height of the cyclone milling head using the cyclone milling head height adjusting bolt assembly 11 in the cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism, and adjust the left and right position of the cyclone milling head 3 using the left and right position adjusting assembly 10 in the cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism, so that the central axis of the cyclone milling spindle 3-3 is precisely aligned with the central axis of the lathe spindle. Then, use a standard inspection bar to check the alignment between the central axis of the cyclone milling spindle 3-3 and the central axis of the lathe spindle. Specific operation... The steps are as follows: A standard inspection bar passes through the whirl milling spindle 3-3 and is clamped and fixed using the lathe chuck 4 and the lathe tailstock center 5. At this time, the central axis of the standard inspection bar coincides with the central axis of the lathe spindle. A dial indicator is installed on the whirl milling cutter head 3-4, and the dial indicator probe is made to make perpendicular contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the standard inspection bar. The whirl milling spindle 3-3 rotates one revolution, and the runout value of the dial indicator probe during the rotation of the whirl milling spindle 3-3 is recorded by dial indicator. The coincidence of the central axis of the whirl milling spindle 3-3 with the central axis of the lathe spindle is detected. The position of the whirl milling spindle 3-3 is repeatedly adjusted until the test is qualified, and then the standard inspection bar is removed. b. Workpiece placement: Hoist the guide vane 1 onto the guide vane bracket 2-1 support plate of the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism 2, and perform axial positioning with the axial position of the lathe chuck as the reference. c. Adjustment of coaxiality between the workpiece and the cyclone milling spindle: Adjust the height of the guide vane bracket 2-1 using the guide vane bracket height adjustment bolt 2-2 of the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism 2. At this time, the compression spring 2-3 provides elastic buffering to ensure the stability of the height adjustment process. Adjust the left and right positions of the guide vane 1 using the guide vane left and right position adjustment screw 2-5 to make the central axis of the guide vane 1 precisely coincide with the central axis of the cyclone milling spindle 3-3. Then, check the coincidence of the central axis of the workpiece and the central axis of the cyclone milling spindle 3-3. The specific operation steps for the check are as follows: Under the drive of the lathe tool holder slide, the bottom sliding block 9-1 of the axial moving seat 9 cooperates with the lathe bed guide rail 8 to move the cyclone milling head 3 along the bed guide rail 8 to the position of the workpiece to be processed. At any relative position of any shaft segment on the working end, install a dial indicator on the cyclone milling cutter head 3-4, making the dial indicator probe perpendicular to the outer cylindrical surface of the guide vane shaft head. Rotate the cyclone milling spindle 3-3 one revolution, and record the runout value of the dial indicator probe during the rotation of the cyclone milling spindle 3-3 by dialing. This is to detect the coincidence of the workpiece center axis and the cyclone milling spindle 3-3 center axis. When the runout value of the dial indicator probe is within the set value range, the coaxiality adjustment between the workpiece and the cyclone milling spindle is completed. When the runout value of the dial indicator probe exceeds the set value range, continue to adjust the workpiece height and left and right positions until the coaxiality between the workpiece and the cyclone milling spindle meets the process requirements. Then remove the dial indicator from the cyclone milling cutter head 3-4. d. Workpiece clamping: Fix one end of the guide vane 1 to the lathe chuck 4, and tighten the other end of the guide vane 1 with the lathe tailstock center 5; e. Axial positioning of the cyclone milling head: According to the machining position of the guide vane shaft head, under the drive of the lathe tool holder slide, the bottom sliding block 9-1 of the axial moving seat 9 cooperates with the lathe bed guide rail 8 to move the cyclone milling head 3 along the bed guide rail 8 to the machining position. f. Cyclone Milling: Install the five sets of tools (tool 3-5-1, tool 3-5-2, tool 3-5-3, tool 3-5-4, and tool 3-5-5) of the cyclone milling head 3 on the cyclone milling cutter head 3-4. Adjust the radial feed difference Δ between adjacent sets of tools according to the design requirements. Start the drive mechanism 3-2 to drive the cyclone milling spindle 3-3 and the cutter head 3-4 to rotate at high speed. Tool 3-5 cuts the outer circular surface of the guide vane shaft head. During this process, the guide vane 1 is stationary. After completing the machining of each shaft section of one end of the shaft head, turn the workpiece clamping direction and perform cyclone milling on the other end of the shaft head. g. Product Inspection: After the machining of each shaft section at both ends of the guide vane is completed, the roundness, coaxiality, and perpendicularity of each shaft section to the end faces of the intermediate plate at both ends of the guide vane are inspected. The inspection process can be completed with the help of a three-axis CNC floor-type boring machine and a three-coordinate flexible measuring arm. The specific steps include: 1. Positioning, leveling, and aligning the workpiece on the working platform of the three-axis CNC floor-type boring machine; 2. Using a three-coordinate portable flexible measuring arm to detect the perpendicularity of the guide vane.
Claims
1. A machining equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts, used in conjunction with a CNC lathe, characterized in that: include: Workpiece support and adjustment mechanism (2), cyclone milling head (3), cyclone milling head axial moving seat (9) and cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism; One end of the axial moving seat (9) of the cyclone milling head is fixedly connected to the lathe tool holder slide (6); The cyclone milling head (3) includes a housing (3-1), a drive mechanism (3-2), a cyclone milling spindle (3-3), a cyclone milling cutter disc (3-4), a cutting tool (3-5), and a cyclone milling head support frame (3-6). The cyclone milling head support frame (3-6) is mounted on the axial moving seat (9) of the cyclone milling head. The drive mechanism (3-2) and the housing (3-1) are arranged on the cyclone milling head support frame (3-6). The cyclone milling spindle (3-3) is located inside the housing (3-1). The cyclone milling cutter disc (3-4) is mounted at one end of the cyclone milling spindle (3-3). The cutting tool (3-5) is mounted on the front end face of the cyclone milling cutter disc (3-4). The cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism includes a cyclone milling head left and right position adjustment component (10) and a cyclone milling head height adjustment bolt component (11), which are installed between the cyclone milling head axial moving seat (9) and the cyclone milling head support frame (3-6); The workpiece support and adjustment mechanism (2) is installed on the bed of the CNC lathe. The workpiece support and adjustment mechanism (2) is provided with a guide vane support frame (2-4), a guide vane bracket (2-1) and a guide vane adjustment assembly. The guide vane support frame (2-4) is installed on the lathe bed (7). The guide vane bracket (2-1) has a left-right symmetrical structure. The guide vane adjustment assembly is fitted with the guide vane support frame (2-4) and the guide vane bracket (2-1).
2. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide vane adjustment assembly is provided with guide vane bracket height adjustment bolts (2-2) and guide vane left and right position adjustment screws (2-5); the guide vane bracket height adjustment bolts (2-2) are arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides of the central axis of the guide vane (1), with no less than two in each group, and each guide vane bracket height adjustment bolt (2-2) passes through the support plate of the guide vane bracket (2-1) and is fitted with the threaded hole opened at the corresponding position on the upper end face of the guide vane support frame (2-4); the guide vane left and right position adjustment screws (2-5) are installed on the left and right vertical plates of the guide vane bracket and are arranged horizontally.
3. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The guide vane adjustment assembly is also provided with a compression spring (2-3), which is arranged between the support plate of the guide vane bracket (2-1) and the upper end face of the guide vane support frame (2-4).
4. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The cutting tools (3-5) of the cyclone milling head (3) are arranged in one to five groups around the cyclone milling cutter disc (3-4), and the guide rod is in a radially extending state. The radial feed difference Δ between two adjacent groups of cutting tools (3-5) increases sequentially along the rotation direction of the cyclone milling spindle (3-3).
5. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: A slider (9-1) that cooperates with the lathe bed guide rail (8) is provided at the bottom of the axial moving seat (9) of the cyclone milling head.
6. The processing equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface of the support plate of the guide vane bracket (2-1) is made of wear-resistant and friction-reducing material to ensure that the surface of the guide vane is not damaged during the adjustment process.
7. A machining process for irregularly shaped shaft parts, characterized in that: The finishing of the cylindrical surface of a shaft part using the machining equipment for irregularly shaped shaft parts as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: a. Installation of the cyclone milling head and adjustment of the coaxiality between the cyclone milling spindle and the lathe spindle: Assemble one end of the axial moving seat (9) of the cyclone milling head with the lathe tool holder slide (6), and then install the cyclone milling head without the tool on the axial moving seat (9). Adjust the height of the cyclone milling head by means of the cyclone milling head height adjusting bolt assembly (11) in the cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism, and adjust the left and right positions of the cyclone milling head (3) by means of the left and right position adjusting assembly (10) in the cyclone milling head adjustment mechanism, so that the center axis of the cyclone milling spindle is precisely aligned with the center axis of the lathe spindle. b. Workpiece placement: Hoist the guide vane (1) onto the guide vane bracket (2-1) support plate of the workpiece support and adjustment mechanism (2), and perform axial positioning based on the axial position of the lathe chuck. c. Adjustment of coaxiality between workpiece and cyclone milling spindle: Adjust the height position of guide vane bracket (2-1) by adjusting the guide vane bracket height adjustment bolt (2-2) of workpiece support and adjustment mechanism (2), and adjust the left and right position of guide vane (1) by adjusting guide vane left and right position screw (2-5) so that the central axis of guide vane (1) is precisely coincident with the central axis of cyclone milling spindle; d. Workpiece clamping: Fix one end of the guide vane (1) to the lathe chuck (4), and tighten the other end of the guide vane (1) with the lathe tailstock center (5); e. Axial positioning of the cyclone milling head: According to the machining position of the guide vane shaft head, under the drive of the lathe tool holder slide, the bottom sliding block (9-1) of the axial moving seat (9) cooperates with the lathe bed guide rail (8) to move the cyclone milling head (3) along the bed guide rail (8) to the machining position. f. Cyclone milling: Install the tool (3-5) of the cyclone milling head (3) on the cyclone milling cutter head (3-4), start the drive mechanism (3-2) to drive the cyclone milling spindle (3-3) and the cutter head (3-4) to rotate at high speed. The tool (3-5) cuts the outer circle of the guide vane shaft head. During this process, the guide vane (1) is stationary. After completing the machining of each shaft section of one end of the shaft head, turn the workpiece clamping direction and perform cyclone milling on the other end of the shaft head. g. Product Inspection: After the machining of each shaft section at both ends of the guide vane is completed, the roundness, coaxiality, and perpendicularity of each shaft section to the end faces of the intermediate plate at both ends of the guide vane shall be inspected.
8. The machining process for irregularly shaped shaft parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step a, the coincidence of the central axis of the cyclone milling spindle (3-3) and the central axis of the lathe spindle is detected by using a standard inspection bar. The specific operation steps are as follows: the standard inspection bar passes through the cyclone milling spindle (3-3), and the standard inspection bar is clamped and fixed by the lathe chuck (4) and the lathe tailstock center (5). At this time, the central axis of the standard inspection bar coincides with the central axis of the lathe spindle. A dial indicator is installed on the cyclone milling cutter head (3-4). The cyclone milling spindle (3-3) rotates one revolution, and the coincidence of the central axis of the cyclone milling spindle (3-3) and the central axis of the lathe spindle is detected by dial indicator. After the test is qualified, the standard inspection bar is removed.
9. The machining process for irregularly shaped shaft parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step c, the specific operation steps for detecting the coincidence of the workpiece center axis and the center axis of the cyclone milling spindle (3-3) are as follows: Install a dial indicator on the cyclone milling cutter head (3-4), and under the drive of the lathe tool holder slide, the bottom sliding block (9-1) of the axial moving seat (9) cooperates with the lathe bed guide rail (8) to move the cyclone milling head (3) along the bed guide rail (8) to a position relative to any axis segment of the workpiece to be processed. Rotate the cyclone milling spindle (3-3) one revolution, and detect the coincidence of the workpiece center axis and the center axis of the cyclone milling spindle (3-3) by dial indicator.