A multi-functional numerical control machine tool

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tools, and particularly discloses a multifunctional numerical control machine tool which comprises a base, an X-axis servo module arranged at the top end of the base, a workbench arranged at the output end of the X-axis servo module, two vertical plates arranged in the center of the top end of the base, a Y-axis servo module arranged between the two vertical plates, a Z-axis servo module arranged on the frame body at the output end of the Y-axis servo module, a bearing frame arranged at the output end of the Z-axis servo module, a support box arranged at one end of the bearing frame away from the Z-axis servo module, a H-shaped shaft piece rotatably arranged through the support box along a center line, a rotary table key-connected to the H-shaped shaft piece, and a plurality of assembly planes arranged on the side wall of the rotary table. The application eliminates the cumulative positioning error caused by multiple assembly and clamping, improves the machining precision, realizes the automatic lifting of the spindle unit during the indexing process, and avoids the interference between the cutter and the workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and more specifically to a multi-functional CNC machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of CNC machine tool machining, complex parts (such as screw rods, ball screws, polyhedral parts, crankshafts, etc.) usually require multiple machining processes to meet design requirements. Taking screw rods as an example, traditional machining methods typically involve roughing on a lathe, semi-finishing on a lathe, and finishing on a thread grinder. A more advanced process involves roughing and finishing the surface on a conventional lathe, then machining the helical raceway using a whirl milling machine, and finally finishing with a thread grinder to ensure the screw's accuracy and surface finish requirements.

[0003] The existing CNC machine tools mainly have the following technical problems in multi-process machining: 1. Repeated clamping leads to difficulty in guaranteeing machining accuracy, low efficiency, and high labor intensity: The workpiece needs to be repeatedly clamped on different machine tools such as lathes, milling machines, and grinding machines. Each clamping will produce positioning errors, and the cumulative errors from multiple clamping cannot be eliminated, which seriously affects the machining accuracy. At the same time, the transfer, alignment, and clamping of the workpiece between different machine tools require a lot of manual operation, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, increases the labor intensity of operators, and prolongs the processing cycle.

[0004] 2. The investment in multiple equipment leads to high production costs and large floor space, and the positioning accuracy of traditional tool changing mechanisms is insufficient: Each processing step requires independent processing equipment, resulting in high equipment procurement costs and multiple machine tools occupying a large workshop area; even if automatic tool changing is achieved by using the tool magazine or power turret of a machining center, the positional accuracy of the tool axis after tool changing is affected by the repeatability of the tool changing mechanism, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision machining, and the cumulative tool changing time affects the processing efficiency.

[0005] 3. Interference is prone to occur during multi-tool machining, affecting the continuity and safety of machining: When multiple tools are required to perform composite machining on the same workpiece, different tools are prone to interference with the workpiece or fixture during the switching process. Traditional equipment lacks an effective automatic tool lifting and avoidance mechanism, requiring manual intervention or complex programming to avoid interference, which affects the continuity and safety of machining. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a multifunctional CNC machine tool that can solve the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A multi-functional CNC machine tool, comprising: The base has an X-axis servo module at its top, and the output end of the X-axis servo module has a worktable. Two upright plates are centrally arranged at the top of the base, and a Y-axis servo module is provided between the two upright plates; The Z-axis servo module is mounted on the frame at the output end of the Y-axis servo module. A support frame is located at the output end of the Z-axis servo module. A support box is located at the end of the support frame away from the Z-axis servo module. An I-shaped shaft is rotatably mounted on the support box along the center line. A turntable is keyed to the I-shaped shaft. Multiple assembly planes are provided on the side wall of the turntable. A lifting plate is slidably mounted on the assembly plane along the vertical direction. An integrated power spindle unit is located on the side of the lifting plate away from the turntable. Each integrated power spindle unit can independently drive the corresponding mounted tool head to rotate. A circumferential limiting component is set between the outer circumferential walls of the lifting plate and the support box to assist in adjusting the position distribution of multiple integrated power spindle units and avoid interference with the workpiece in the vertical direction. The drive mechanism is used to drive the I-shaped shaft and the turntable to rotate synchronously; The locking mechanism is located inside the support box.

[0008] Preferably, the top of the worktable is provided with a CNC rotating unit for clamping and rotating the workpiece.

[0009] Preferably, the circumferential limiting component includes a limiting ring rail disposed on the outer circumference of the support box. The outer wall of the limiting ring rail is provided with a groove, and a limiting element is disposed in the groove of the limiting ring rail. The limiting element is fixedly connected to the adjacent lifting plate.

[0010] Preferably, the limiting ring rail includes a horizontal rail segment and two inclined rail segments symmetrically arranged at both ends of the horizontal rail segment, and the horizontal rail segment and the two inclined rail segments are connected end to end to form a closed loop.

[0011] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a gear ring, which is fixedly disposed on the top peripheral wall of the I-shaped shaft. A servo motor is disposed on the top wall of the support box, and a gear is disposed on the output shaft of the servo motor. The gear is meshed with the gear ring.

[0012] Preferably, the locking mechanism is used to lock the I-shaped shaft relative to the support box to eliminate the effect of meshing backlash between the gear and the gear ring.

[0013] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a Z-shaped frame fixedly mounted on the top wall of the support box. The bottom end of the top horizontal section of the I-shaped shaft is provided with multiple limiting grooves. A limiting rod is provided between the bottom horizontal section of the Z-shaped frame and the top wall of the support box. A slider is slidably sleeved on the limiting rod. A limiting block is provided at the top of the slider. The limiting block is slidably connected to the top cover of the support box. The limiting block matches the limiting groove. A pneumatic cylinder is provided between the bottom horizontal section of the Z-shaped frame and the top wall of the support box. The output end of the pneumatic cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the slider.

[0014] Preferably, the cross-section of the limiting groove is an isosceles trapezoid, and the width of the groove opening is greater than the width of the groove bottom, forming a self-locking guide structure.

[0015] Preferably, the limiting grooves in the locking mechanism are evenly distributed circumferentially along the bottom end of the top horizontal section of the I-shaped shaft, and their number matches the number of integrated power spindle units. Each limiting groove corresponds to a processing station of an integrated power spindle unit.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By setting up a multi-axis linkage system consisting of an X-axis servo module, a Y-axis servo module, a Z-axis servo module and a CNC rotary unit, and with the installation and indexing switching structure of multiple tools, the workpiece can complete the composite processing of multiple processes after one clamping, without the need to repeatedly move and clamp between different machine tools. The technical effects achieved are: eliminating the cumulative positioning error caused by multiple clamping operations, improving machining accuracy, especially suitable for high-precision parts such as screw screws and ball screws; at the same time, reducing auxiliary time, reducing the labor intensity of operators, improving machining efficiency, and solving the problems of difficulty in guaranteeing accuracy, low efficiency, and high labor intensity caused by multiple clamping operations in traditional machining.

[0017] 2. By setting up multiple integrated power spindle units distributed along the circumference of the turntable, each unit can independently drive different types of tools. The CNC system controls the rotation of the turntable to switch the required spindle unit to the machining station, realizing multi-process composite machining such as drilling, milling, tapping, boring, turning and grinding. It is combined with a drive mechanism composed of gear ring and gear and a locking mechanism composed of isosceles trapezoidal limit groove and limit block. After indexing, the pneumatic cylinder drives the limit block to insert into the limit groove to form a wedge self-locking. The resulting technical benefits are: a single machine completes machining tasks that would otherwise require multiple machines such as lathes, milling machines, and grinding machines, reducing equipment investment costs and floor space; at the same time, it eliminates rotational errors caused by meshing backlash between gears and gear rings, ensuring that the turntable and integrated power spindle unit can achieve high-precision positioning after each indexing, providing reliable tool position assurance for high-precision machining.

[0018] 3. By setting a circumferential limiting assembly consisting of a limiting ring rail and limiting components, the limiting ring rail includes a horizontal rail section and two inclined rail sections. During indexing, the spindle unit approaching the machining station gradually descends along the inclined rail section to the machining position, and the spindle unit leaving the machining station gradually rises along the other inclined rail section to avoid the workpiece. The technical benefits achieved are: automatic lifting and lowering of the spindle unit during the indexing process without the need for additional drive components, avoiding interference between the tool and the workpiece, compact structure, reliable operation, and further ensuring the continuity and safety of multi-process composite machining. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the installation of the base, X-axis servo module, and worktable in this invention; Figure 4 This is an installation structure diagram of the bearing frame and support box in this invention; Figure 5 This is a sectional perspective view of the turntable and lifting plate in this invention; Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the installation structure of the circumferential limiting component in this invention; Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the installation structure of the limiting ring rail in this invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the support box in this invention; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the locking mechanism in this invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Base; 2. X-axis servo module; 3. Worktable; 4. CNC rotary unit; 11. Vertical plate; 12. Y-axis servo module; 21. Z-axis servo module; 31. Bearing frame; 32. Support box; 33. I-shaped shaft; 34. Turntable; 35. Lifting plate; 36. Integrated power spindle unit; 41. Limiting ring rail; 411. Horizontal rail section; 412. Inclined rail section; 42. Limiting component; 51. Gear ring; 52. Servo motor; 53. Gear; 61. Limiting groove; 62. Z-shaped frame; 63. Limiting rod; 64. Sliding block; 65. Limiting block; 66. Pneumatic cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve its intended purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "inner" and "outer" are based on the orientation or position shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or a specific orientational structure and operation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0024] Example 1: Reference Figures 1-9 The present invention discloses a multifunctional CNC machine tool, comprising: To achieve horizontal movement and positioning of the workpiece, in this embodiment: a base 1 is provided with an X-axis servo module 2 at its top, a worktable 3 is provided at the output end of the X-axis servo module 2, and a CNC rotary unit 4 is provided at the top of the worktable 3 for clamping and rotating the workpiece. The CNC rotary unit 4 includes a rotary drive device, a clamping device, and a position detection device. The rotary drive device is a built-in motor, and its output end is connected to the clamping device for driving the workpiece to rotate around its axis. The clamping device can be a pneumatic chuck, a hydraulic chuck, or an electromagnetic chuck, used to center and clamp the workpiece to ensure that the workpiece does not shift during processing. The position detection device is a high-precision circular grating or encoder, installed at the output end of the rotary drive device, which detects the rotation angle of the workpiece in real time and feeds it back to the CNC system to form a closed-loop control to ensure the rotation positioning accuracy.

[0025] In order to enable the machining unit to move in the Y-axis direction, in this embodiment: two upright plates 11 are arranged centered on the top of the base 1, and a Y-axis servo module 12 is arranged between the two upright plates 11.

[0026] In order to realize the lifting and lowering movement of the processing unit in the Z-axis direction, in this embodiment: the Z-axis servo module 21 is set on the frame at the output end of the Y-axis servo module 12.

[0027] To enable the installation and indexing of multiple cutting tools, in this embodiment: a support frame 31 is located at the output end of the Z-axis servo module 21. A support box 32 is located at the end of the support frame 31 away from the Z-axis servo module 21. An I-shaped shaft 33 is rotatably mounted on the support box 32 along the center line. A turntable 34 is keyed to the I-shaped shaft 33. Multiple assembly planes are provided on the side wall of the turntable 34. A lifting plate 35 is slidably mounted on the assembly plane along the vertical direction. An integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​is located on the side of the lifting plate 35 away from the turntable 34. Each integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​can independently drive the corresponding installed cutting head to rotate. The integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​has a built-in electric spindle and can be configured with different types of cutting tools according to processing requirements. Drills, milling cutters, taps, boring tools, turning tools, and grinding heads can be configured according to processing requirements. Through the independent control of each integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​by the CNC system, multi-process composite processing such as drilling, milling, tapping, boring, turning, and grinding of the workpiece can be realized.

[0028] To achieve the lifting guidance and position distribution adjustment of the integrated power spindle unit 36, in this embodiment: a circumferential limiting component is disposed between the lifting plate 35 and the outer circumferential wall of the support box 32, which is used to assist in adjusting the position distribution of multiple integrated power spindle units 36 and avoid interference with the workpiece in the vertical direction. The circumferential limiting component includes a limiting ring rail 41 disposed on the outer circumferential wall of the support box 32. The outer wall of the limiting ring rail 41 is provided with a groove, and a limiting element 42 is disposed in the groove of the limiting ring rail 41. The limiting element 42 is fixedly connected to the adjacent lifting plate 35. The limiting ring rail 41 includes a horizontal rail segment 411 and two inclined rail segments 412 symmetrically disposed at both ends of the horizontal rail segment 411. The horizontal rail segment 411 and the two inclined rail segments 412 are connected end to end to form a closed loop.

[0029] In order to achieve the rotation drive of the turntable 34 and the integrated power spindle unit 36, in this embodiment: a drive mechanism is used to drive the I-shaped shaft 33 and the turntable 34 to rotate synchronously. The drive mechanism includes a gear ring 51, which is fixedly set on the top peripheral wall of the I-shaped shaft 33. A servo motor 52 is set on the top wall of the support box 32. A gear 53 is set on the output shaft of the servo motor 52. The gear 53 is meshed with the gear ring 51.

[0030] To achieve precise positioning and locking of the turntable 34, in this embodiment: a locking mechanism is provided inside the support box 32 to lock the I-shaped shaft 33 relative to the support box 32, thereby eliminating the influence of the meshing backlash between the gear 53 and the gear ring 51. The locking mechanism includes a Z-shaped frame 62, which is fixedly installed on the top wall of the support box 32. Multiple limiting grooves 61 are provided at the bottom end of the top horizontal section of the I-shaped shaft 33, and a limiting rod is provided between the bottom horizontal section of the Z-shaped frame 62 and the top wall of the support box 32. 63. A slider 64 is slidably sleeved on a limiting rod 63. A limiting block 65 is provided at the top of the slider 64. The limiting block 65 is slidably connected to the top cover of the support box 32. The limiting block 65 matches the limiting groove 61. A pneumatic cylinder 66 is provided between the bottom horizontal section of the Z-shaped frame 62 and the top wall of the support box 32. The output end of the pneumatic cylinder 66 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the slider 64. The cross-section of the limiting groove 61 is an isosceles trapezoid, and its groove opening width is greater than the groove bottom width, forming a self-locking guide structure.

[0031] The working principle and usage process of this invention are as follows: Before processing, the workpiece is fixedly clamped on the clamping device of the CNC rotary unit 4. The X-axis servo module 2 drives the worktable 3 to move along the X-axis, the Y-axis servo module 12 drives the Z-axis servo module 21 to move along the Y-axis, and the Z-axis servo module 21 drives the support frame 31 and the integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​to move up and down along the Z-axis, realizing multi-axis positioning between the tool and the workpiece. When it is necessary to switch tools, the servo motor 52 of the drive mechanism drives the gear 53 to rotate, which drives the I-shaped shaft 33 and the turntable 34 to rotate through the meshing gear ring 51, thus rotating the required integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​to the processing station. During this process, the circumferential limiting component precisely controls the lifting and lowering of the integrated power spindle unit 36. The limiting component 42 slides along the groove of the limiting ring rail 41. When the integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​approaches the processing station, the corresponding limiting component 42 slides into one of the inclined rail sections 412. The inclined rail section 412 drives the lifting plate 3 through the limiting component 42. 5. The integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​gradually descends, allowing the cutting head to accurately reach the machining position. At the same time, the integrated power spindle unit 36, which has completed machining and is being switched away from the machining station, slides its corresponding limiting member 42 into another inclined rail section 412. This inclined rail section 412 drives the lifting plate 35 and the integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​to gradually rise through the limiting member 42, so that the cutting head is raised and avoids the workpiece, thus avoiding interference with the workpiece during the indexing process. When the integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​enters the horizontal rail section 411, it maintains a constant height and smoothly passes through the non-machining area. After indexing, the locking mechanism is activated. The pneumatic cylinder 66 pushes the slider 64 upward along the limiting rod 63, causing the limiting block 65 to insert into the limiting groove 61 at the bottom of the horizontal section of the I-shaped shaft 33. The cross-section of the limiting groove 61 is an isosceles trapezoid. When the limiting block 65 is inserted, it forms a wedge-shaped self-locking mechanism, effectively eliminating the rotational error caused by the meshing backlash between the gear 53 and the gear ring 51, ensuring the precise positioning of the turntable 34 and the integrated power spindle unit 36. During machining, the CNC system controls the corresponding integrated power spindle unit 36 ​​to start. Its built-in electric spindle drives the cutter head to rotate, performing drilling, milling, tapping, boring, or turning operations on the workpiece. At the same time, the CNC rotary unit 4 can drive the workpiece to rotate around its axis according to the machining requirements. With the linkage motion of the X, Y, and Z axes, it can achieve precision machining of complex curved surfaces or rotating parts. The position detection device detects the workpiece rotation angle in real time and feeds it back to the CNC system to form a closed-loop control, ensuring machining accuracy.

[0032] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional CNC machine tool, characterized in that, include: The base (1) is provided with an X-axis servo module (2) at the top, and the output end of the X-axis servo module (2) is provided with a worktable (3). Two upright plates (11) are arranged centered on the top of the base (1), and a Y-axis servo module (12) is provided between the two upright plates (11). The Z-axis servo module (21) is mounted on the frame at the output end of the Y-axis servo module (12); A support frame (31) is set at the output end of the Z-axis servo module (21). A support box (32) is set at the end of the support frame (31) away from the Z-axis servo module (21). An I-shaped shaft (33) is rotatably installed through the support box (32) along the center line. A turntable (34) is keyed to the I-shaped shaft (33). A plurality of assembly planes are provided on the side wall of the turntable (34). A lifting plate (35) is slidably set on the assembly plane along the vertical direction. An integrated power spindle unit (36) is set on the side of the lifting plate (35) away from the turntable (34). Each integrated power spindle unit (36) can independently drive the corresponding installed tool head to rotate. A circumferential limiting component is set between the outer circumferential wall of the lifting plate (35) and the support box (32) to assist in adjusting the position distribution of multiple integrated power spindle units (36) and avoid interference with the workpiece in the vertical direction; A drive mechanism is used to drive the I-shaped shaft (33) and the turntable (34) to rotate synchronously; The locking mechanism is located inside the support box (32).

2. The multi-functional CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the worktable (3) is provided with a CNC rotating unit (4) for clamping and rotating the workpiece.

3. A multi-functional CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circumferential limiting component includes a limiting ring rail (41) disposed on the outer circumference of the support box (32). The outer wall of the limiting ring rail (41) is provided with a sliding groove. A limiting element (42) is disposed in the sliding groove of the limiting ring rail (41). The limiting element (42) is fixedly connected to the adjacent lifting plate (35).

4. A multi-functional CNC machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting ring rail (41) includes a horizontal rail segment (411) and two inclined rail segments (412) symmetrically arranged at both ends of the horizontal rail segment (411). The horizontal rail segment (411) and the two inclined rail segments (412) are connected end to end to form a closed loop.

5. A multi-functional CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes a gear ring (51) fixedly mounted on the top periphery of the I-shaped shaft (33). A servo motor (52) is mounted on the top wall of the support box (32). A gear (53) is mounted on the output shaft of the servo motor (52). The gear (53) meshes with the gear ring (51).

6. A multi-functional CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking mechanism is used to lock the I-shaped shaft (33) relative to the support box (32) to eliminate the effect of the meshing backlash between the gear (53) and the gear ring (51).

7. A multi-functional CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes a Z-shaped frame (62) fixedly mounted on the top wall of the support box (32). The bottom end of the top horizontal section of the I-shaped shaft (33) is provided with multiple limiting grooves (61). A limiting rod (63) is provided between the bottom horizontal section of the Z-shaped frame (62) and the top wall of the support box (32). A slider (64) is slidably sleeved on the limiting rod (63). A limiting block (65) is provided at the top of the slider (64). The limiting block (65) is slidably connected to the top cover of the support box (32). The limiting block (65) matches the limiting groove (61). A pneumatic cylinder (66) is provided between the bottom horizontal section of the Z-shaped frame (62) and the top wall of the support box (32). The output end of the pneumatic cylinder (66) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the slider (64).

8. A multi-functional CNC machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cross-section of the limiting groove (61) is an isosceles trapezoid, and the width of the groove opening is greater than the width of the groove bottom, forming a self-locking guide structure.

9. A multi-functional CNC machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that, The limiting grooves (61) in the locking mechanism are evenly distributed circumferentially along the bottom end of the top horizontal section of the I-shaped shaft (33), and their number matches the number of integrated power spindle units (36). Each limiting groove (61) corresponds to a processing station of an integrated power spindle unit (36).

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