Composite material, method for manufacturing the same, brake disc and vehicle

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a composite material and a preparation method thereof, a brake disc and a vehicle. The composite material comprises: a base body, the base body having pores; and an oxidation-resistant layer, the oxidation-resistant layer being arranged on at least part of the surface of the base body, the oxidation-resistant layer comprising a first oxidation-resistant layer, the first oxidation-resistant layer comprising a first oxidation-resistant material, and at least part of the first oxidation-resistant material being accommodated in the pores. The composite material has better oxidation resistance and a longer service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of materials technology, specifically relating to composite materials and their preparation methods, brake discs, and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Brake discs experience significant temperature increases during use. Under high temperatures, internal defects such as cracks and pores can develop, reducing their overall performance and shortening their lifespan. Therefore, brake disc technology requires further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application is based on the inventor's discoveries and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0004] Although brake disc performance has gradually improved with technological advancements, defects such as cracks and pores can still develop inside the brake disc during actual use, leading to brake disc failure. The inventors discovered that the reason for these defects is that although brake discs appear dense, they actually contain a certain number and size of pores. Under high-temperature operating conditions, air can easily enter the brake disc, causing oxidation and damage, resulting in brake disc failure.

[0005] This application aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, this application proposes a composite material with superior antioxidant properties, a method for preparing the same, a brake disc, and a vehicle.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a composite material. According to an embodiment of this application, the composite material includes: a matrix having pores; and an antioxidant layer disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the matrix, the antioxidant layer including a first antioxidant layer comprising a first antioxidant material, at least a portion of the first antioxidant material being contained within the pores. In this composite material, the first antioxidant material entering the pores of the matrix can give it better antioxidant properties, effectively mitigating the problem of high-temperature air entering the matrix and causing oxidation damage leading to defects such as cracks and pores, thereby significantly extending the service life of the composite material.

[0007] According to embodiments of this application, the first antioxidant material includes metaphosphate, zirconium-containing compounds, and boron-containing compounds. The first antioxidant layer containing metaphosphate, zirconium-containing compounds, and boron-containing compounds exhibits good antioxidant properties, effectively mitigating the problem of oxidation of the composite matrix in high-temperature operating environments and improving the performance of the composite material. Furthermore, the presence of the first antioxidant material within the pores of the matrix effectively alleviates the problem of high-temperature air entering the matrix and causing oxidation damage leading to defects such as cracks and voids, thereby significantly extending the service life of the composite material. Simultaneously, the first antioxidant layer containing metaphosphate, zirconium-containing compounds, and boron-containing compounds also improves the flexural strength of the composite material, further extending its service life.

[0008] According to embodiments of this application, the metaphosphate includes at least one of aluminum metaphosphate, zinc metaphosphate, manganese metaphosphate, calcium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, and sodium metaphosphate; and / or the zirconium-containing compound includes zirconium phosphate, or the zirconium-containing compound includes at least one of zirconium oxide and zirconium silicate, as well as zirconium phosphate; and / or the boron-containing compound includes at least one of boron oxide, boron carbide, and boron nitride.

[0009] According to an embodiment of this application, based on the total mass of the first antioxidant material, the first antioxidant material comprises: 80wt% to 90wt% of the metaphosphate; 8wt% to 15wt% of the zirconium-containing compound; and 2wt% to 8wt% of the boron-containing compound.

[0010] According to embodiments of this application, the mass ratio of the metaphosphate to the zirconium-containing compound is 5-7:1.

[0011] According to embodiments of this application, the first antioxidant material further includes at least one of silicon carbide and silicon oxide.

[0012] According to embodiments of this application, the silicon carbide includes at least one of silicon carbide powder and silicon carbide whiskers; and / or, the particle size of the silicon carbide powder is 0.5 μm to 5 μm; and / or, the diameter of the silicon carbide whiskers is 0.1 μm to 3 μm, and the length of the silicon carbide whiskers is 10 μm to 20 μm.

[0013] According to an embodiment of this application, based on the total mass of the first antioxidant material, the first antioxidant material comprises: 45wt% to 55wt% aluminum metaphosphate; 8wt% to 15wt% zinc metaphosphate; 10wt% to 20wt% manganese metaphosphate; 1wt% to 5wt% calcium metaphosphate; 1wt% to 5wt% potassium metaphosphate; 2wt% to 8wt% boron oxide; 2wt% to 5wt% phosphorus pentoxide; 1wt% to 5wt% silicon oxide; 0.5wt% to 3wt% zirconium oxide; 1wt% to 5wt% zirconium silicate; and 5wt% to 10wt% zirconium phosphate.

[0014] According to an embodiment of this application, the absolute value of the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the substrate and the first antioxidant layer is less than or equal to 3 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 .

[0015] According to an embodiment of this application, the thickness of the first antioxidant layer is 5 μm to 10 μm.

[0016] According to an embodiment of this application, the antioxidant layer further includes a second antioxidant layer disposed between the substrate and the first antioxidant layer; the second antioxidant layer includes silicon carbide.

[0017] According to embodiments of this application, the second antioxidant layer further includes at least one of silicon and silicon oxide.

[0018] According to an embodiment of this application, the second antioxidant layer further includes a first additive, which includes at least one of aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide.

[0019] According to an embodiment of this application, the absolute value of the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the substrate and the second antioxidant layer is less than or equal to 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 .

[0020] According to an embodiment of this application, the thickness of the second antioxidant layer is 20 μm to 30 μm.

[0021] According to embodiments of this application, the substrate satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0022] The matrix includes at least one of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material, carbon fiber reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composite material;

[0023] The porosity of the matrix is ​​0.5% to 10%;

[0024] The thickness of the substrate is 25mm to 34mm.

[0025] According to embodiments of this application, based on the total mass of the composite material, the composite material comprises: 30wt%–40wt% carbon; 35wt%–55wt% silicon carbide; 1wt%–10wt% silicon; 0.05wt%–0.2wt% additives; 3wt%–8wt% aluminum metaphosphate; 0.5wt%–2wt% zinc metaphosphate; 1wt%–3wt% manganese metaphosphate; 0.2wt%–0.6wt% calcium metaphosphate; 0.2wt%–0.6wt% potassium metaphosphate; 0.2wt%–0.8wt% boron oxide; 0.2wt%–0.5wt% phosphorus pentoxide; 0.2wt%–0.5wt% silicon oxide; 0.1wt%–0.3wt% zirconium oxide; 0.1wt%–0.3wt% zirconium silicate; and 0.5wt%–2wt% zirconium phosphate.

[0026] According to embodiments of this application, the composite material has an oxidation weight loss rate of less than 1% under oxidation conditions of 700℃ / 1h - 10 cycles of room temperature thermal shock; and / or the flexural strength of the composite material is greater than 120MPa.

[0027] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the aforementioned composite material. According to an embodiment of this application, the method includes: preparing a precursor solution comprising a phosphate source, a boron source, and a zirconium source; placing a matrix in the precursor solution to obtain an impregnated matrix; and subjecting the impregnated matrix to a first drying and a first heat treatment sequentially to obtain the composite material. Thus, a composite material with good antioxidant properties and a long service life can be prepared, and the preparation method is simple, convenient, and easily scalable for industrial production.

[0028] According to an embodiment of this application, the mass ratio of the phosphate source to the zirconium source is 4 to 7:1.

[0029] According to embodiments of this application, the precursor solution further includes at least one of silicon carbide and a silicon source.

[0030] According to an embodiment of this application, based on the total mass of the precursor solution, the precursor solution comprises: 20wt% to 30wt% solvent; 3wt% to 8wt% silicon carbide; 45wt% to 60wt% phosphate source; 1wt% to 5wt% boron source; 4wt% to 10wt% silicon source; and 8wt% to 15wt% zirconium source.

[0031] According to embodiments of this application, the method satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0032] The phosphate source includes at least one of phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, manganese dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0033] The boron source includes at least one of boron powder, boron oxide, boric acid, boron carbide, and boron nitride;

[0034] The silicon source includes at least one of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, isopropyl orthosilicate, butyl orthosilicate, methyltrimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, tetraphenyl silicate, silicon tetrachloride, and silicates.

[0035] The zirconium source includes at least one of zirconium oxychloride, zirconium tetrachloride, zirconium sulfate, zirconium n-propoxide, and zirconium isopropoxide.

[0036] According to an embodiment of this application, the process of placing the substrate in the precursor solution to obtain the impregnated substrate is carried out by the following steps: placing the substrate in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnating it at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours, and then impregnating it under pressure at 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa for 1 to 2 hours.

[0037] According to an embodiment of this application, the first drying includes drying at 80°C to 120°C for 4 to 12 hours; and / or the first heat treatment includes holding at 1000°C to 1500°C under a protective atmosphere for 0.5 to 3 hours.

[0038] According to an embodiment of this application, before placing the matrix in the precursor solution, the method further includes: embedding the matrix in an embedding material and performing a second heat treatment to obtain a matrix having a second antioxidant layer; wherein the embedding material includes silicon powder, carbon powder, and a second additive.

[0039] According to embodiments of this application, the toner includes at least one of graphite and carbon black; and / or the second additive includes at least one of alumina, aluminum powder, and yttrium oxide.

[0040] According to an embodiment of this application, based on the total mass of the embedding material, the embedding material includes: 65wt% to 80wt% of silicon powder; 15wt% to 25wt% of carbon powder; and 5wt% to 15wt% of additives.

[0041] According to an embodiment of this application, the temperature of the second heat treatment is 1500℃~2000℃, and the time of the second heat treatment is 1h~5h.

[0042] According to an embodiment of this application, before embedding the substrate in the embedding material, the method further includes: sequentially grinding and polishing the substrate, cleaning it, and then drying it.

[0043] In a third aspect, this application provides a brake disc. According to an embodiment of this application, the brake disc comprises the composite material described above. This brake disc possesses all the features and advantages of the composite material described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0044] In a fourth aspect, this application provides a vehicle. According to an embodiment of this application, the vehicle includes the aforementioned composite material and the aforementioned brake disc. Therefore, the vehicle has good braking performance, and the brake disc has a long service life and a low failure / repair rate. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a composite material according to an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of a composite material according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Figure label:

[0048] 10: Substrate; 20: Antioxidant layer; 21: First antioxidant layer; 22: Second antioxidant layer Detailed Implementation

[0049] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0050] In a first aspect, this application provides a composite material. According to an embodiment of this application, referring to... Figure 1 The composite material includes: a matrix 10 having pores; and an antioxidant layer 20 disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the matrix 10, the antioxidant layer 20 including a first antioxidant layer 21 comprising a first antioxidant material, at least a portion of which is contained within the pores. In this composite material, the first antioxidant material entering the pores of the matrix provides better antioxidant properties, effectively mitigating the problem of oxidation damage caused by high-temperature air entering the matrix, leading to defects such as cracks and voids, thereby significantly extending the service life of the composite material.

[0051] According to embodiments of this application, the first antioxidant material includes metaphosphate, zirconium-containing compounds, and boron-containing compounds. The first antioxidant layer containing metaphosphate, zirconium-containing compounds, and boron-containing compounds exhibits good antioxidant properties, effectively mitigating the oxidation of the composite matrix in high-temperature environments and improving the performance of the composite material. Furthermore, the presence of the first antioxidant layer within the pores of the matrix effectively alleviates the problem of high-temperature air entering the matrix and causing oxidation damage leading to defects such as cracks and voids, thereby significantly extending the service life of the composite material. Simultaneously, the first antioxidant layer containing metaphosphate, zirconium-containing compounds, and boron-containing compounds also improves the flexural strength of the composite material, further extending its service life.

[0052] It is understood that the specific form of "at least part of the first antioxidant material is contained in the pores" is not particularly limited, including but not limited to: the first antioxidant material fills the pores of the matrix, specifically it can fill a part of the space of the pores or fill the pores completely; the first antioxidant material can also be attached to the inner wall of the matrix pores, such as forming a film on the inner wall of the matrix pores.

[0053] According to embodiments of this application, the metaphosphate includes at least one of aluminum metaphosphate, zinc metaphosphate, manganese metaphosphate, calcium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, and sodium metaphosphate. Specifically, aluminum metaphosphate provides high adhesion, facilitating the adhesion of the first antioxidant layer to the matrix surface; zinc metaphosphate has good water resistance, which helps improve the water resistance of the composite material and prevents it from failing after immersion in water; while manganese metaphosphate can promote the fluidity of the antioxidant layer, has a certain viscosity and fluidity at high temperatures, can self-heal pores and cracks in the composite material, forms a dense barrier layer on the matrix surface, improves the antioxidant properties of the composite material, and extends the service life of the composite material; calcium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, and sodium metaphosphate can all serve as glass phase components, have fluidity in the high-temperature environment of the composite material's operation, self-heal pores and cracks in the composite material, further improve the antioxidant properties of the composite material, and extend the service life of the composite material.

[0054] According to embodiments of this application, the boron-containing compound includes at least one of boron oxide, boron carbide, and boron nitride. The aforementioned boron-containing compound exhibits good low-temperature fluidity and can self-heal pores and cracks in the composite material under high-temperature operating conditions, forming a dense barrier layer on the matrix surface, thereby improving the oxidation resistance of the composite material and extending its service life.

[0055] According to embodiments of this application, the zirconium-containing compound includes zirconium phosphate (i.e., ZrP2O7). Zirconium phosphate has a low coefficient of thermal expansion at high temperatures, which can coordinate the matching of the thermal expansion coefficients of the first antioxidant layer and the substrate, improve the bonding strength between the first antioxidant layer and the substrate, make the first antioxidant layer less prone to detachment, and better exert its antioxidant effect.

[0056] According to embodiments of this application, in addition to zirconium phosphate, the zirconium-containing compound also includes at least one of zirconium oxide and zirconium silicate. This allows for further adjustment of the coefficient of thermal expansion between the substrate and the first antioxidant layer, resulting in a higher degree of compatibility and stronger adhesion between the substrate and the first antioxidant layer.

[0057] According to embodiments of this application, based on the total mass of the first antioxidant material, the first antioxidant material comprises: 80wt% to 90wt% of the metaphosphate (specifically, 80wt%, 81wt%, 82wt%, 83wt%, 84wt%, 85wt%, 86wt%, 87wt%, 88wt%, 89wt%, 90wt%, etc.); 8wt% to 15wt% of the zirconium-containing compound (specifically, 8wt%, 9wt%, 0wt%, 11wt%, 12wt%, 13wt%, 14wt%, 15wt%, etc.); and 2wt% to 8wt% of the boron-containing compound (specifically, 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, etc.). With the above components and proportions, the first antioxidant material exhibits good antioxidant properties, good matching with the thermal expansion coefficient of the matrix, and high bonding strength with the matrix.

[0058] According to embodiments of this application, the mass ratio of the metaphosphate to the zirconium-containing compound is 5-7:1, specifically 5:1, 5.2:1, 5.5:1, 5.8:1, 6:1, 6.2:1, 6.5:1, 6.8:1, 7:1, etc. This ratio range can, on the one hand, improve the antioxidant performance of the first antioxidant layer, and on the other hand, coordinate the coefficients of thermal expansion between the substrate and the first antioxidant layer, thereby increasing the bonding strength between the first antioxidant layer and the substrate.

[0059] According to embodiments of this application, the first antioxidant layer further includes at least one of silicon carbide and silicon oxide. Specifically, silicon carbide has good antioxidant properties and a matching coefficient of thermal expansion with the matrix, resulting in high bonding strength between the first antioxidant layer and the matrix. Simultaneously, silicon carbide can also act as a self-reinforcing agent, improving the mechanical strength of the composite material. Silicon oxide has good fluidity under high-temperature operating conditions, enabling it to self-heal pores and cracks in the composite material. This effectively improves the antioxidant properties of the composite material and extends its service life.

[0060] According to embodiments of this application, the silicon carbide comprises at least one of silicon carbide powder and silicon carbide whiskers. The particle size of the silicon carbide powder is 0.5 μm to 5 μm (specifically, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, etc.), and the diameter of the silicon carbide whiskers is 0.1 μm to 3 μm (specifically, 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.5 μm, etc.). The silicon carbide whiskers have lengths of 10μm to 20μm (specifically, 10μm, 11μm, 12μm, 13μm, 14μm, 15μm, 16μm, 17μm, 18μm, 19μm, 20μm, etc.) meeting the above conditions. Silicon carbide meeting these conditions exhibits good self-reinforcing properties, which is beneficial for improving the mechanical strength of the composite material.

[0061] According to an embodiment of this application, the absolute value of the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the substrate and the first antioxidant layer is less than or equal to 3 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 For example, it can be 3×10 -6 K -1 2.8×10 -6 K -1 2.5×10 -6 K -1 2.2×10 -6 K -1 2×10 -6 K -1 1.8×10 -6 K -1 1.5×10 -6 K -1 1.2×10 -6 K -1 1.0×10 -6 K -1 0.8×10 -6 K -1 0.5×10 -6 K -1 0.2×10 -6 K -1 And so on. As a result, the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the matrix and the first antioxidant layer is small, and the two can maintain a strong bond during the high-temperature and cooling processes of the composite material, making it less likely for the first antioxidant layer to fall off.

[0062] According to embodiments of this application, the thickness of the first antioxidant layer is 5μm to 10μm, specifically such as 5μm, 5.5μm, 6μm, 6.5μm, 7μm, 7.5μm, 8μm, 8.5μm, 9μm, 9.5μm, 10μm, etc. Within this thickness range, the first antioxidant layer bonds tightly with the substrate and the second antioxidant layer while exhibiting good antioxidant effects; if the thickness is too thick, the first antioxidant layer is prone to detachment; if the thickness is too thin, the antioxidant effect of the first antioxidant layer is not obvious.

[0063] According to the embodiments of this application, referring to Figure 2 The antioxidant layer 20 further includes a second antioxidant layer 22, which is disposed between the substrate 10 and the first antioxidant layer 21; the second antioxidant layer 22 comprises silicon carbide. Specifically, silicon carbide can form a dense barrier layer on the surface of the substrate, and the silicon carbide and the substrate have a matching coefficient of thermal expansion. The second antioxidant layer has good antioxidant effect while having strong adhesion to the substrate and is not easy to fall off.

[0064] According to embodiments of this application, the second antioxidant layer further includes at least one of silicon and silicon dioxide. Specifically, silicon has superior antioxidant properties, and under the high-temperature environment in which the composite material operates, silicon can be oxidized to generate silicon dioxide, thereby healing defects such as cracks in the composite material, effectively improving the performance of the composite material, and extending its service life.

[0065] According to embodiments of this application, the second antioxidant layer further includes a first additive, which includes at least one of aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide. Specifically, the first additive can increase the density of the second antioxidant layer, thereby improving its antioxidant properties.

[0066] According to an embodiment of this application, the absolute value of the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the substrate and the second antioxidant layer is less than or equal to 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 For example, it could be 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 2.2×10 -6 K -1 2×10 -6 K -1 1.8×10 -6 K -1 1.5×10 -6 K -1 1.2×10 -6 K -1 1.0×10 -6 K -1 0.8×10 -6 K-1 0.5×10 -6 K -1 0.2×10 -6 K -1 And so on. As a result, the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the matrix and the second antioxidant layer is small, and the two can maintain a strong bond during the high-temperature and cooling processes of the composite material, making it less likely for the second antioxidant layer to fall off.

[0067] According to embodiments of this application, the thickness of the second antioxidant layer is 20μm to 30μm, specifically 20μm, 21μm, 22μm, 23μm, 24μm, 25μm, 26μm, 27μm, 28μm, 29μm, 30μm, etc. Within this thickness range, the second antioxidant layer bonds tightly to the substrate and has a good antioxidant effect. When the thickness is too thick, the coefficients of thermal expansion between the second antioxidant layer, the first antioxidant layer, and the substrate differ significantly, making it easy for the antioxidant layer to detach from the substrate due to thermal mismatch. When the thickness is too thin, the second antioxidant layer cannot effectively heal cracks after working in a high-temperature oxidizing environment for a long time, leading to oxidation of the substrate and thus reducing the antioxidant capacity of the antioxidant layer.

[0068] Specifically, there is no particular limitation on the area covered by the first antioxidant layer and the second antioxidant layer. For example, in some embodiments, the areas covered by the first antioxidant layer and the second antioxidant layer can be the same size, that is, they can be completely overlapped. In other embodiments, the area covered by the first antioxidant layer can be larger than the area covered by the second antioxidant layer, that is, the second antioxidant layer covers part of the surface of the substrate, and the first antioxidant layer covers the surface of the second antioxidant layer away from the substrate and at least part of the surface of the substrate not covered by the second antioxidant layer. In still other embodiments, the area covered by the first antioxidant layer can be smaller than the area covered by the second antioxidant layer, that is, the second antioxidant layer covers at least part of the surface of the substrate, and the first antioxidant layer covers part of the surface of the second antioxidant layer away from the substrate.

[0069] As an example, in the composite material of this application, the second antioxidant layer covers the surface outside the pores of the matrix, and the first antioxidant layer covers the surface of the second antioxidant layer and fills the pores of the matrix.

[0070] According to embodiments of this application, in some embodiments, the specific type of matrix is ​​not particularly limited, as long as it is applicable to composite materials. In some embodiments, the matrix may include at least one of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composites, carbon fiber reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites. This results in advantages such as high specific strength, specific stiffness, low density, high temperature resistance, and high and stable frictional properties.

[0071] According to embodiments of this application, the porosity of the matrix is ​​0.5% to 10%; specifically, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, etc.

[0072] According to embodiments of this application, the thickness of the substrate is 25mm to 34mm, specifically 25mm, 26mm, 27mm, 28mm, 29mm, 30mm, 31mm, 32mm, 33mm, 34mm, etc. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications and can meet the needs of most usage scenarios.

[0073] According to embodiments of this application, based on the total mass of the composite material, the composite material comprises: 30wt%–40wt% carbon; 35wt%–55wt% silicon carbide; 1wt%–10wt% silicon; 0.05wt%–0.2wt% additives; 3wt%–8wt% aluminum metaphosphate; 0.5wt%–2wt% zinc metaphosphate; 1wt%–3wt% manganese metaphosphate; 0.2wt%–0.6wt% calcium metaphosphate; 0.2wt%–0.6wt% potassium metaphosphate; 0.2wt%–0.8wt% boron oxide; 0.2wt%–0.5wt% phosphorus pentoxide; 0.2wt%–0.5wt% silicon oxide; 0.1wt%–0.3wt% zirconium oxide; 0.1wt%–0.3wt% zirconium silicate; and 0.5wt%–2wt% zirconium phosphate.

[0074] Specifically, the first additive can be at least one of alumina and yttrium oxide. As an example, the first additive can be alumina. Therefore, the second antioxidant layer has higher density and better antioxidant performance.

[0075] In some embodiments, the carbon content can be 30wt%, 31wt%, 32wt%, 33wt%, 34wt%, 35wt%, 36wt%, 37wt%, 38wt%, 39wt%, 40wt%, etc.

[0076] In some embodiments, the silicon carbide content can be 35wt%, 36wt%, 37wt%, 38wt%, 39wt%, 40wt%, 41wt%, 42wt%, 43wt%, 44wt%, 45wt%, 46wt%, 47wt%, 48wt%, 49wt%, 50wt%, 51wt%, 52wt%, 53wt%, 54wt%, 55wt%, etc.

[0077] In some embodiments, the silicon content can be 1wt%, 2wt%, 3wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, 9wt%, 10wt%, etc.

[0078] In some embodiments, the content of the additive can be specifically 0.05wt%, 0.08wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.12wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.18wt%, 0.2wt%, etc.

[0079] In some embodiments, the content of aluminum metaphosphate can be 3wt%, 3.5wt%, 4wt%, 4.5wt%, 5wt%, 5.5wt%, 6wt%, 6.5wt%, 7wt%, 7.5wt%, 8wt%, etc.

[0080] In some embodiments, the content of zinc metaphosphate can be 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.9wt%, 2wt%, etc.

[0081] In some embodiments, the content of manganese metaphosphate can be 1 wt%, 1.1 wt%, 1.2 wt%, 1.3 wt%, 1.4 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 1.6 wt%, 1.7 wt%, 1.8 wt%, 1.9 wt%, 2 wt%, 2.1 wt%, 2.2 wt%, 2.3 wt%, 2.4 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 2.6 wt%, 2.7 wt%, 2.8 wt%, 2.9 wt%, 3 wt%, etc.

[0082] In some embodiments, the content of calcium metaphosphate can be 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.55wt%, 0.6wt%, etc.

[0083] In some embodiments, the content of potassium metaphosphate can be 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.55wt%, 0.6wt%, etc.

[0084] In some embodiments, the boron oxide content can be 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.55wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.65wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.75wt%, 0.8wt%, etc.

[0085] In some embodiments, the content of phosphorus pentoxide can be 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt%, 0.5wt%, etc.

[0086] In some embodiments, the content of silicon oxide can be 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.35wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.45wt%, 0.5wt%, etc.

[0087] In some embodiments, the zirconium oxide content can be specifically 0.1wt%, 0.11wt%, 0.12wt%, 0.13wt%, 0.14wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.16wt%, 0.17wt%, 0.18wt%, 0.19wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.21wt%, 0.22wt%, 0.23wt%, 0.24wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.26wt%, 0.27wt%, 0.28wt%, 0.29wt%, 0.3wt%, etc.

[0088] In some embodiments, the zirconium silicate content can be 0.1wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, etc.

[0089] In some embodiments, the zirconium phosphate content can be specifically 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1wt%, 1.1wt%, 1.2wt%, 1.3wt%, 1.4wt%, 1.5wt%, 1.6wt%, 1.7wt%, 1.8wt%, 1.9wt%, or 2wt%.

[0090] With the above-mentioned components, the overall performance of the composite material is further improved, and its service life is longer.

[0091] According to embodiments of this application, the composite material exhibits an oxidation weight loss rate of less than 1% under oxidation conditions of 700°C / 1h – 10 cycles of room temperature thermal shock. With this oxidation weight loss rate, the composite material demonstrates superior oxidation resistance and a longer service life.

[0092] According to embodiments of this application, the flexural strength of the composite material is greater than 120 MPa, specifically 121 MPa, 130 MPa, 140 MPa, 150 MPa, 160 MPa, 170 MPa, 180 MPa, 190 MPa, 200 MPa, etc. Having the above-mentioned flexural strength, the composite material exhibits good frictional properties and a long service life.

[0093] A second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing the aforementioned composite material. According to embodiments of this application, the method includes the following steps:

[0094] S10: Prepare a precursor solution including a phosphate source, a boron source, and a zirconium source.

[0095] Specifically, in this step, a phosphate source, a boron source, a zirconium source, and a solvent can be mixed to obtain a precursor solution. There is no particular restriction on the order in which the phosphate source, boron source, zirconium source, and solvent are mixed; for example, the phosphate source, boron source, and zirconium source can be added to the solvent separately; or the phosphate source, boron source, and zirconium source can be mixed first, and then the resulting mixture can be added to the solvent.

[0096] According to embodiments of this application, the mass ratio of the phosphate source to the zirconium source is 4 to 7:1, specifically 4:1, 4.5:1, 5:1, 5.5:1, 6:1, 6.5:1, 7:1, etc. This ratio range can, on the one hand, improve the antioxidant performance of the first antioxidant layer; on the other hand, the reaction of the phosphate with the zirconium source to generate zirconium phosphate can harmonize the coefficients of thermal expansion between the substrate and the first antioxidant layer, thereby improving the bonding strength between the first antioxidant layer and the substrate.

[0097] It should be noted that a phosphate source refers to a substance containing at least one of phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate ions, while a zirconium source refers to a zirconium-containing substance. The mass ratio of the phosphate source to the zirconium source refers to the mass ratio of the substance containing at least one of phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate ions to the zirconium-containing substance. For example, if the phosphate source is phosphoric acid and the zirconium source is zirconium oxychloride, then the mass ratio of the phosphate source to the zirconium source refers to the mass ratio of phosphoric acid to zirconium oxychloride.

[0098] According to embodiments of this application, the precursor solution further includes at least one of silicon carbide and a silicon source. Adding silicon carbide can adjust the coefficient of thermal expansion between the matrix and the first antioxidant layer, while also increasing the strength of the obtained first antioxidant layer, thereby improving the performance of the composite material and extending its service life.

[0099] According to embodiments of this application, the silicon carbide comprises at least one of silicon carbide powder and silicon carbide whiskers. The particle size of the silicon carbide powder is 0.5 μm to 5 μm (specifically, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm, 2.5 μm, 3 μm, 3.5 μm, 4 μm, 4.5 μm, 5 μm, etc.), and the diameter of the silicon carbide whiskers is 0.1 μm to 3 μm (specifically, 0.1 μm, 0.5 μm, 0.5 μm, etc.). The silicon carbide whiskers have lengths of 10μm to 20μm (specifically, 10μm, 11μm, 12μm, 13μm, 14μm, 15μm, 16μm, 17μm, 18μm, 19μm, 20μm, etc.) meeting the above conditions. Silicon carbide meeting these conditions exhibits good self-reinforcing properties, which is beneficial for improving the mechanical strength of the composite material.

[0100] According to an embodiment of this application, based on the total mass of the precursor solution, the precursor solution comprises: 20wt% to 30wt% solvent; 3wt% to 8wt% silicon carbide; 45wt% to 60wt% phosphate source; 1wt% to 5wt% boron source; 4wt% to 10wt% silicon source; and 8wt% to 15wt% zirconium source. Specifically, based on the total mass of the precursor solution, the solvent content can be 20wt%, 21wt%, 22wt%, 23wt%, 24wt%, 25wt%, 26wt%, 27wt%, 28wt%, 29wt%, 30wt%, etc.; the silicon carbide content can be 3wt%, 4wt%, 5wt%, 6wt%, 7wt%, 8wt%, etc.; and the phosphate source content can be 45wt%, 46wt%, 47wt%, 48wt%, 49wt%, 50wt%, 51wt%, 52wt%, etc. The content of the boron source can be 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, etc.; the content of the silicon source can be 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, etc.; the content of the zirconium source can be 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, etc. With the above components, a second antioxidant layer with high oxidation resistance and good matching with the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate can be obtained.

[0101] According to embodiments of this application, the phosphate source includes at least one selected from phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, manganese dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Therefore, the materials are widely available, the cost is low, and the resulting second antioxidant layer exhibits superior antioxidant properties.

[0102] According to embodiments of this application, the boron source includes at least one selected from boron powder, boron oxide, boric acid, boron carbide, and boron nitride. Therefore, the materials are widely available, the cost is low, and the resulting second antioxidant layer exhibits superior antioxidant properties.

[0103] According to embodiments of this application, the silicon source includes at least one selected from methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, isopropyl orthosilicate, butyl orthosilicate, methyltrimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, tetraphenyl silicate, silicon tetrachloride, and silicates. Therefore, the materials are widely available, the cost is low, and the resulting second antioxidant layer exhibits superior antioxidant properties.

[0104] According to embodiments of this application, the zirconium source includes at least one of zirconium oxychloride, zirconium tetrachloride, zirconium sulfate, zirconium n-propoxide, and zirconium isopropoxide. Therefore, the material is widely available, the cost is low, and the resulting second antioxidant layer exhibits superior antioxidant properties.

[0105] According to embodiments of this application, the solvent may include at least one of water and alcohol. This results in good solubility of the raw materials, facilitating a smooth reaction.

[0106] S20: Place the matrix in the precursor solution to obtain the impregnated matrix.

[0107] In some embodiments, prior to step S20, the method further includes: sequentially grinding and polishing the substrate, cleaning it, and then drying it. This results in a smooth and clean substrate, which facilitates the subsequent loading of antioxidant materials onto the substrate.

[0108] Specifically, the above-mentioned polishing can be done with sandpaper, such as 500-grit sandpaper. Cleaning can be done using ultrasonic cleaning, specifically with anhydrous ethanol. The ultrasonic cleaning time can be 10 to 30 minutes (e.g., 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 minutes, etc.). After ultrasonic cleaning, the substrate can be dried in an oven at 100℃ to 150℃ (e.g., 100℃, 105℃, 110℃, 115℃, 120℃, 125℃, 130℃, 135℃, 140℃, 1450℃, 150℃, etc.) for 20 to 30 hours (e.g., 20h, 21h, 22h, 23h, 24h, 25h, 26h, 27h, 28h, 29h, 30h, etc.).

[0109] According to an embodiment of this application, the process of placing the substrate in the precursor solution to obtain the impregnated substrate is carried out by the following steps: placing the substrate in the precursor solution and impregnating it under vacuum at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours, and then impregnating it under pressure at room temperature and 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa for 1 to 2 hours.

[0110] Specifically, the vacuum impregnation time can be 1 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.5 hours, 1.8 hours, 2 hours, etc.; the pressure for pressure impregnation can be 0.3 MPa, 0.35 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.45 MPa, 0.5 MPa, 0.55 MPa, 0.6 MPa, etc.; and the pressure impregnation time can be 1 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.5 hours, 1.8 hours, 2 hours, etc. This promotes the precursor solution to fully penetrate the pores of the matrix, thereby effectively improving the oxidation resistance of the composite material.

[0111] S30: The impregnated matrix is ​​subjected to a first drying and a first heat treatment in sequence to obtain the composite material.

[0112] According to an embodiment of this application, the first drying process includes drying at 80℃ to 120℃ for 4 to 12 hours. Specifically, the temperature of the first drying can be 80℃, 82℃, 85℃, 88℃, 90℃, 92℃, 95℃, 98℃, 100℃, 105℃, 110℃, 115℃, 120℃, etc., and the drying time can be 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, 7 hours, 7.5 hours, 8 hours, 8.5 hours, 9 hours, 9.5 hours, 10 hours, 10.5 hours, 11 hours, 11.5 hours, 12 hours, etc. This step can remove the solvent from the precursor solution, facilitating subsequent heat treatment steps.

[0113] According to an embodiment of this application, the first heat treatment includes holding at 1000℃ to 1500℃ for 0.5h to 3h under a protective atmosphere. Specifically, the temperature of the first heat treatment is 1000℃, 1100℃, 1200℃, 1300℃, 1400℃, 1500℃, etc., and the holding time of the first heat treatment can be 0.5h, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, etc. After heat treatment, the components in the precursor solution react to generate antioxidant materials, which can effectively improve the antioxidant properties of the composite material and extend its service life.

[0114] As an example, during the first heat treatment process, the components in the precursor solution may be converted into the first antioxidant layer through the following reaction:

[0115] ZrOCl2+2H3PO4→Zr(HPO4)2+2HCl+H2O

[0116] ZrCl4+2(NH4)2HPO4→Zr(HPO4)2+4NH4Cl

[0117] Zr(SO4)2+2H3PO4→Zr(HPO4)2+2H2SO4

[0118] ZrCl4 + 2H3PO4 → Zr(HPO4)2 + 4HCl

[0119] Zr(HPO4)2→ZrP2O7+H2O

[0120] According to an embodiment of this application, before placing the matrix in the precursor solution, the method further includes:

[0121] S40: The substrate is embedded in an embedding material and subjected to a second heat treatment to obtain a substrate with a second antioxidant layer; wherein the embedding material includes silicon powder, carbon powder and a second additive.

[0122] This step allows for the formation of a second antioxidant layer containing silicon carbide and silicon oxide on the matrix surface. This second antioxidant layer has a good match with the thermal expansion coefficient of the matrix, strong bonding force with the matrix, and good fluidity in the high-temperature operating environment of the composite material. It can heal defects such as cracks in the matrix, thereby improving the performance of the composite material and extending its service life.

[0123] According to embodiments of this application, the toner includes at least one of graphite and carbon black.

[0124] According to embodiments of this application, the second additive includes at least one of alumina, aluminum powder, and yttrium oxide. This promotes the reaction, resulting in a second antioxidant layer with higher density, thereby enhancing the antioxidant properties of the second antioxidant layer.

[0125] According to an embodiment of this application, based on the total mass of the embedding material, the embedding material includes: 65wt% to 80wt% of silicon powder (specifically, 65wt%, 66wt%, 67wt%, 68wt%, 69wt%, 70wt%, 71wt%, 72wt%, 73wt%, 74wt%, 75wt%, 76wt%, 77wt%, 78wt%, 79wt%, 80wt%, etc.); and 15wt% of carbon powder. The additives comprise 5 wt% to 25 wt% (specifically, 15 wt%, 16 wt%, 17 wt%, 18 wt%, 19 wt%, 20 wt%, 21 wt%, 22 wt%, 23 wt%, 24 wt%, 25 wt%, etc.); and the auxiliary agents comprise 5 wt% to 15 wt% (specifically, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, 8 wt%, 9 wt%, 10 wt%, 11 wt%, 12 wt%, 13 wt%, 14 wt%, 15 wt%, etc.). With the above components, a second antioxidant layer with high density and good antioxidant properties can be obtained.

[0126] According to an embodiment of this application, the temperature of the second heat treatment is 1500℃~2000℃ (specifically, 1500℃, 1600℃, 1700℃, 1800℃, 1900℃, 2000℃, etc.), and the time of the second heat treatment is 1h~5h (specifically, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5h, etc.). Under the above temperature and time conditions, silicon and carbon powder can react to obtain silicon carbide, resulting in a second antioxidant layer with better antioxidant properties.

[0127] It should be noted that when the embedding step is included, the substrate is sequentially polished, cleaned, and then dried before the embedding step.

[0128] Therefore, composite materials with good antioxidant properties and long service life can be prepared, and the preparation method is simple, convenient, and easy to realize industrial production.

[0129] In a third aspect, this application provides a brake disc. According to an embodiment of this application, the brake disc comprises the aforementioned composite material. Therefore, the brake disc has superior oxidation resistance and higher bending strength, resulting in a longer service life.

[0130] In a fourth aspect, this application provides a vehicle. According to an embodiment of this application, the vehicle includes the aforementioned composite material and the aforementioned brake disc. Therefore, the vehicle has good braking performance, and the brake disc has a long service life and a low failure / repair rate. Using the aforementioned brake disc, the vehicle can have better braking performance, and the brake disc has a long service life and a low failure / repair rate.

[0131] It is understood that there are no particular restrictions on the specific types of vehicles mentioned above, as long as the vehicle requires brake discs for braking. For example, the above-mentioned means of transportation can be automobiles (such as cars, RVs, trucks, transport vehicles, lorries, buses, etc.) and trains (such as regular trains, high-speed trains, etc.).

[0132] It is understood that, in addition to the brake discs mentioned above, the vehicle has the necessary structures and components in conventional technology. Taking a car as an example, it may include the chassis, body, tires, engine, central control, seats, interior trim, and other necessary structures and components of a conventional car, which will not be described in detail in this application.

[0133] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below.

[0134] Example 1

[0135] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix (i.e. carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite) into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0136] 2. Weigh 70wt% silicon powder, 20wt% graphite, and 10wt% alumina, mix them evenly and put them into a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC composite material with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface.

[0137] 3. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 5wt% SiC with a particle size of 0.5μm, 2wt% boric acid, 15wt% phosphoric acid, 25% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 8wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 10wt% zirconium oxychloride. Dissolve them evenly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0138] 4. Immerse the C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnate at room temperature for 1 h, and pressurize at room temperature / 0.5 MPa for 0.5 h.

[0139] 5. The sample obtained in step 4 was dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1200℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC+ phosphate antioxidant layer on the surface and phosphate antioxidant components inside the pores. The brake disc comprises 37 wt% carbon; 43 wt% silicon carbide; 6 wt% silicon; 0.1 wt% alumina; 6.7 wt% aluminum metaphosphate; 1.4 wt% zinc metaphosphate; 2.1 wt% manganese metaphosphate; 0.4 wt% calcium metaphosphate; 0.4 wt% potassium metaphosphate; 0.7 wt% boron oxide; 0.4 wt% phosphorus pentoxide; 0.4 wt% silicon oxide; 0.2 wt% zirconium oxide; 0.2 wt% zirconium silicate; and 1 wt% zirconium phosphate.

[0140] Example 2

[0141] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0142] 2. Weigh 65wt% silicon powder, 20wt% graphite, and 15wt% alumina, mix them evenly and put them into a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC composite material with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface.

[0143] 3. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 2.2wt% boric acid, 16.1wt% phosphoric acid, 27.3% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5.5wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 8.7wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1.1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 10wt% zirconium oxychloride. Dissolve them uniformly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0144] 4. Immerse the C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnate at room temperature for 1 h, and pressurize at room temperature / 0.5 MPa for 0.5 h.

[0145] 5. The sample obtained in step 4 was dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1200℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC+ phosphate antioxidant layer on the surface and phosphate antioxidant components inside the pores. The brake disc comprises 38 wt% carbon; 40 wt% silicon carbide; 7 wt% silicon; 0.2 wt% alumina; 7.4 wt% aluminum metaphosphate; 1.5 wt% zinc metaphosphate; 1.8 wt% manganese metaphosphate; 0.4 wt% calcium metaphosphate; 0.4 wt% potassium metaphosphate; 0.9 wt% boron oxide; 0.6 wt% phosphorus pentoxide; 0.4 wt% silicon oxide; 0.3 wt% zirconium oxide; 0.2 wt% zirconium silicate; and 0.9 wt% zirconium phosphate.

[0146] Example 3

[0147] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0148] 2. Weigh 70wt% silicon powder, 25wt% graphite, and 5wt% alumina, mix them evenly and put them into a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC composite material with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface.

[0149] 3. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 5wt% SiC with a particle size of 0.5μm, 2.2wt% boric acid, 14wt% phosphoric acid, 28% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5.6wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 9wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1.1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 6wt% zirconium oxychloride, and dissolve them uniformly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0150] 4. Immerse the C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnate at room temperature for 1 h, and pressurize at room temperature / 0.5 MPa for 0.5 h.

[0151] 5. The sample obtained in step 4 is dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1200℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC+ phosphate antioxidant layer on the surface and a phosphate antioxidant component inside.

[0152] Example 4

[0153] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0154] 2. Weigh 70wt% silicon powder, 20wt% graphite, and 10wt% alumina, mix them evenly and put them into a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC composite material with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface.

[0155] 3. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 5wt% SiC with a particle size of 0.5μm, 2wt% boric acid, 15.4wt% diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 25% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 8wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 9.6wt% zirconium tetrachloride, and dissolve them uniformly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0156] 4. Immerse the C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnate at room temperature for 1 h, and pressurize at room temperature / 0.5 MPa for 0.5 h.

[0157] 5. The sample obtained in step 4 is dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1200℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC+ phosphate antioxidant layer on the surface and a phosphate antioxidant component inside.

[0158] Example 5

[0159] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0160] 2. Weigh 75wt% silicon powder, 15wt% graphite, and 5wt% alumina, mix them evenly and put them into a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC composite material with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface.

[0161] 3. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 5wt% SiC with a particle size of 0.5μm, 2wt% boric acid, 15.2wt% phosphoric acid, 25% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 8wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6.3wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 9.5wt% zirconium sulfate, and dissolve them uniformly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0162] 4. The C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 is immersed in phosphate solution, vacuum impregnated at room temperature for 1 h, and then impregnated under pressure at room temperature / 0.5 MPa for 0.5 h.

[0163] 5. The sample obtained in step 4 is dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1200℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC+ phosphate antioxidant layer on the surface and a phosphate antioxidant component inside.

[0164] Example 6

[0165] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces as required, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0166] 2. Weigh 70wt% silicon powder, 20wt% carbon black, and 10wt% alumina, mix them evenly and put them into a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC composite material with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface.

[0167] 3. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 5wt% SiC with a particle size of 0.5μm, 2wt% boric acid, 15wt% phosphoric acid, 25% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 8wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 10wt% zirconium sulfate, and dissolve them uniformly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0168] 4. Immerse the C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnate at room temperature for 1 h, and pressurize at room temperature / 0.5 MPa for 0.5 h.

[0169] 5. The sample obtained in step 4 is dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1200℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC+ phosphate antioxidant layer on the surface and a phosphate antioxidant component inside.

[0170] Example 7

[0171] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix (i.e. carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite) into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0172] 2. Weigh 70wt% silicon powder, 20wt% graphite, and 10wt% alumina, mix them evenly and put them into a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC composite material with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface.

[0173] 3. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 5wt% SiC with a particle size of 0.5μm, 2wt% boric acid, 15wt% phosphoric acid, 25% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 8wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 10wt% zirconium oxychloride, and dissolve them uniformly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0174] 4. Immerse the C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnate at room temperature for 1 hour, and then pressurize and impregnate at room temperature / 0.5MPa for 1 hour.

[0175] 5. The sample obtained in step 4 is dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1200℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC+ phosphate antioxidant layer on the surface and phosphate antioxidant components inside the pores.

[0176] Example 8

[0177] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix (i.e. carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite) into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0178] 2. Weigh 70wt% silicon powder, 20wt% graphite, and 10wt% alumina, mix them evenly and put them into a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC composite material with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface.

[0179] 3. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 5wt% SiC with a particle size of 0.5μm, 2wt% boric acid, 15wt% phosphoric acid, 25% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 8wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 10wt% zirconium oxychloride, and dissolve them uniformly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0180] 4. Immerse the C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnate at room temperature for 1 h, and pressurize at room temperature / 0.5 MPa for 0.5 h.

[0181] 5. The sample obtained in step 4 was dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1000℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC+ phosphate antioxidant layer on the surface and phosphate antioxidant components inside the pores. The brake disc comprises 40wt% carbon; 45wt% silicon carbide; 5wt% silicon; 0.1wt% alumina; 4.8wt% aluminum metaphosphate; 1.2wt% zinc metaphosphate; 1.2wt% manganese metaphosphate; 0.2wt% calcium metaphosphate; 0.2wt% potassium metaphosphate; 0.6wt% boron oxide; 0.5wt% phosphorus pentoxide; 0.3wt% silicon oxide; 0.3wt% zirconium oxide; 0.1wt% zirconium silicate; and 0.5wt% zirconium phosphate.

[0182] Example 9

[0183] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix (i.e. carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite) into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0184] 2. Weigh 22wt% deionized water, 5wt% SiC with a particle size of 0.5μm, 2wt% boric acid, 15wt% phosphoric acid, 25% aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, 5wt% zinc dihydrogen phosphate, 8wt% manganese dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 6wt% tetraethyl orthosilicate, and 10wt% zirconium oxychloride, and dissolve them uniformly at 80℃ to obtain a precursor solution.

[0185] 3. The C / C-SiC composite material with SiC antioxidant layer on the surface obtained in step 2 is immersed in the precursor solution, vacuum impregnated at room temperature for 1 h, and then impregnated under pressure at room temperature / 0.5 MPa for 0.5 h.

[0186] 4. The sample obtained in step 3 is dried at 100℃ for 6 hours and then heat-treated at 1000℃ for 60 minutes to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a phosphate-containing antioxidant layer on the surface and phosphate-containing antioxidant components inside the pores. The brake disc comprises 45wt% carbon; 40wt% silicon carbide; 5wt% silicon; 4.7wt% aluminum metaphosphate; 1wt% zinc metaphosphate; 1.5wt% manganese metaphosphate; 0.3wt% calcium metaphosphate; 0.3wt% potassium metaphosphate; 0.5wt% boron oxide; 0.3wt% phosphorus pentoxide; 0.3wt% silicon oxide; 0.2wt% zirconium oxide; 0.2wt% zirconium silicate; and 0.7wt% zirconium phosphate.

[0187] Comparative Example 1

[0188] 1. Cut the C / C composite matrix into 50mm×50mm×10mm pieces, polish the matrix surface with 500-grit sandpaper, then ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 20 minutes, and then dry it in a 120℃ oven for 24 hours.

[0189] 2. Weigh 70wt% silicon powder, 20wt% graphite, and 10wt% alumina, mix them evenly, and place them in a graphite crucible. Then, completely embed the C / C-SiC composite matrix sample in the mixed powder and heat-treat it at 1750℃ for 2 hours to obtain a C / C-SiC brake disc with a SiC antioxidant layer on the surface, which includes 40wt% carbon, 52wt% silicon carbide, 7.5wt% silicon, and 0.5wt% alumina.

[0190] Performance testing:

[0191] 1. Oxidation weight loss rate: After oxidizing the sample at 700℃ for 1 hour, remove it and cool it to room temperature. Repeat the cycle 10 times and weigh the sample before and after thermal cycling oxidation. Oxidation weight loss rate = (mass before oxidation - mass after oxidation) / mass before oxidation × 100%.

[0192] 2. Bending strength: Bending strength was tested using a WDW-100 electronic universal testing machine. The brake discs prepared in each embodiment and comparative example were cut, and the internal matrix portion was used to prepare samples for bending strength testing. The sample size was 55mm (L) × 10mm (W) × 4mm (H), and the span L0 was 40mm. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0193]

[0194] Where σ is the bending strength (MPa), P is the maximum load value (N), L0 is the span (mm), W is the sample width (mm), and H is the sample thickness (mm).

[0195] 3. Matrix density and porosity: Measured using Archimedes' displacement method with deionized water as the impregnation medium. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0196]

[0197] Where ρ is the sample density, in g / cm³. 3 ε - Sample porosity (%); ρ 水 -Density of deionized water, g / cm³ 3 m 干 - Sample dry weight, g; m 湿 -Wet weight of the sample, g; m 浮 - The buoyant weight of the sample, in grams.

[0198] 4. Thickness of the matrix and antioxidant layer: The thickness of the matrix and antioxidant layer was determined by elemental analysis using scanning electron microscopy (EDS).

[0199] 5. Thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate and the antioxidant layer: The thermal expansion tester of NETZSCH-DIL-402C / E was used. The sample size was 25mm (L)×5mm (W)×5mm (H). The heating rate was 5℃ / min. Helium atmosphere protection was used. The test temperature range was room temperature to 1200℃.

[0200] 6. Composition of brake disc and substrate: The phase composition of the brake disc was determined using a D / max-rB X-ray diffractometer.

[0201] Table 1

[0202]

[0203]

[0204] As can be seen from the test data in Table 1 above, compared with Comparative Example 1, the brake disc in Example 9 has a first anti-oxidation layer, and the anti-oxidation performance and bending strength of the brake disc are significantly improved. The brake discs in Examples 1 to 8 have both a first anti-oxidation layer and a second anti-oxidation layer, and the anti-oxidation performance of the brake disc is further improved.

[0205] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0206] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0207] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0208] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0209] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0210] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite material, characterized in that, include: Matrix, the matrix having pores; An antioxidant layer is disposed on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate, the antioxidant layer including a first antioxidant layer, the first antioxidant layer including a first antioxidant material, at least a portion of the first antioxidant material being contained in the pores.

2. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first antioxidant material includes metaphosphate, zirconium-containing compounds, and boron-containing compounds.

3. The composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The metaphosphate includes at least one of aluminum metaphosphate, zinc metaphosphate, manganese metaphosphate, calcium metaphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, and sodium metaphosphate; and / or The zirconium-containing compound includes zirconium phosphate, or the zirconium-containing compound includes at least one of zirconium oxide and zirconium silicate, and zirconium phosphate; and / or The boron-containing compound includes at least one of boron oxide, boron carbide, and boron nitride.

4. The composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the total mass of the first antioxidant material, the first antioxidant material comprises: 80wt% to 90wt% of the metaphosphate; 8wt% to 15wt% of the zirconium-containing compound; and 2wt% to 8wt% of the boron-containing compound.

5. The composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the metaphosphate to the zirconium-containing compound is 5-7:

1.

6. The composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first antioxidant material also includes at least one of silicon carbide and silicon oxide.

7. The composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that, The silicon carbide comprises at least one of silicon carbide powder and silicon carbide whiskers; and / or The silicon carbide powder has a particle size of 0.5 μm to 5 μm; and / or The diameter of the silicon carbide whisker is 0.1 μm to 3 μm, and the length of the silicon carbide whisker is 10 μm to 20 μm.

8. The composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that, Based on the total mass of the first antioxidant material, the first antioxidant material comprises: Aluminum metaphosphate 45wt%–55wt%; Zinc metaphosphate 8wt%–15wt%; Manganese metaphosphate 10wt%–20wt%; Calcium metaphosphate 1wt%–5wt%; Potassium metaphosphate 1wt%–5wt%; Boron oxide 2wt%–8wt%; Phosphorus pentoxide 2wt%–5wt%; Silicon oxide 1wt%–5wt%; Zirconium oxide 0.5wt%–3wt%; Zirconium silicate 1wt%–5wt%; Zirconium phosphate 5wt%–10wt%.

9. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absolute value of the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the substrate and the first antioxidant layer is less than or equal to 3 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 .

10. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the first antioxidant layer is 5μm to 10μm.

11. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant layer further includes a second antioxidant layer, which is disposed between the substrate and the first antioxidant layer; The second antioxidant layer comprises silicon carbide.

12. The composite material according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second antioxidant layer also includes at least one of silicon and silicon oxide.

13. The composite material according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The second antioxidant layer further includes a first additive, which includes at least one of aluminum oxide and yttrium oxide.

14. The composite material according to claim 11, characterized in that, The absolute value of the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the substrate and the second antioxidant layer is less than or equal to 2.5 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 .

15. The composite material according to claim 11, characterized in that, The thickness of the second antioxidant layer is 20μm to 30μm.

16. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matrix satisfies at least one of the following conditions: The matrix includes at least one of carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite material, carbon fiber reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composite material; The porosity of the matrix is ​​0.5% to 5%; The thickness of the substrate is 25mm to 34mm.

17. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the total mass of the composite material, the composite material comprises: Carbon 30wt%~40wt%; Silicon carbide 35wt%~55wt%; Silicon 2wt%~10wt%; First auxiliary agent: 0.05 wt% to 0.2 wt%; Aluminum metaphosphate 3wt%~8wt%; Zinc metaphosphate 0.5wt%~2wt%; Manganese metaphosphate 1wt%~3wt%; Calcium metaphosphate 0.2wt%–0.6wt%; Potassium metaphosphate 0.2wt%–0.6wt%; Boron oxide 0.2wt%~0.8wt%; Phosphorus pentoxide 0.2wt%~0.5wt%; 0.2wt% to 0.5wt% silicon dioxide; Zirconia 0.1wt%~0.3wt%; Zirconium silicate 0.1wt%~0.3wt%; Zirconium phosphate 0.5wt%–2wt%.

18. The composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite material exhibits an oxidation weight loss of less than 1% under oxidation conditions of 700℃ / 1h - room temperature thermal shock cycles of 10 cycles; and / or, The flexural strength of the composite material is greater than 120 MPa.

19. A method for preparing the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, include: Precursor solutions comprising phosphate source, boron source and zirconium source were prepared; The matrix is ​​placed in the precursor solution to obtain the impregnated matrix; The impregnated matrix is ​​subjected to a first drying and a first heat treatment in sequence to obtain the composite material.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the phosphate source to the zirconium source is 4 to 7:

1.

21. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The precursor solution also includes at least one of silicon carbide and a silicon source.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, Based on the total mass of the precursor solution, the precursor solution comprises: Solvent 20wt%~30wt%; Silicon carbide 3wt%~8wt%; The phosphate source is 45wt% to 60wt%; The boron source is 1wt% to 5wt%; The silicon source is 4wt% to 10wt%; The zirconium source is 8wt% to 15wt%.

23. The method according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that, At least one of the following conditions must be met: The phosphate source includes at least one of phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, manganese dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The boron source includes at least one of boron powder, boron oxide, boric acid, boron carbide, and boron nitride; The silicon source includes at least one of methyl orthosilicate, ethyl orthosilicate, isopropyl orthosilicate, butyl orthosilicate, methyltrimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, tetraphenyl silicate, silicon tetrachloride, and silicates. The zirconium source includes at least one of zirconium oxychloride, zirconium tetrachloride, zirconium sulfate, zirconium n-propoxide, and zirconium isopropoxide.

24. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The process of placing the matrix in the precursor solution to obtain the impregnated matrix is ​​carried out through the following steps: The matrix is ​​placed in the precursor solution and vacuum impregnated at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours, and then impregnated under pressure at room temperature and 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa for 1 to 2 hours.

25. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The first drying includes drying at 80℃ to 120℃ for 4 to 12 hours; and / or The first heat treatment includes holding at 1000℃~1500℃ for 0.5h~3h under a protective atmosphere.

26. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, Before placing the matrix in the precursor solution, the method further includes: The matrix is ​​embedded in the embedding material and subjected to a second heat treatment to obtain a matrix with a second antioxidant layer. The encapsulation materials include silicon powder, carbon powder, and a second additive.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The carbon powder includes at least one of graphite and carbon black; and / or The second additive includes at least one of alumina, aluminum powder, and yttrium oxide.

28. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, Based on the total mass of the embedding material, the embedding material includes: The silicon powder comprises 65 wt% to 80 wt%; The toner is 15wt% to 25wt%; The second auxiliary agent is 5 wt% to 15 wt%.

29. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The temperature of the second heat treatment is 1500℃~2000℃, and the time of the second heat treatment is 1h~5h.

30. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, Before embedding the matrix in the embedding material, the method further includes: The substrate is then subjected to grinding and polishing, cleaning, and a second drying process.

31. A brake disc, characterized in that, The composite material included in any one of claims 1 to 18.

32. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 18 or the brake disc according to claim 31.

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