A field calibration device for displacement and inclination monitoring

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of slope monitoring, and particularly discloses a field calibration device for displacement and inclination monitoring, which comprises a bottom supporting mechanism, a height adjusting mechanism, a rotating mechanism, a displacement adjusting mechanism and a mounting mechanism; the bottom supporting mechanism comprises a bottom base, and the upper surface of the bottom base is provided with a level bubble; the displacement adjusting mechanism is composed of a cross-over lead screw assembly and is equipped with a grating ruler feedback displacement increment; the rotating mechanism realizes azimuth angle fine adjustment and self-locking by using a worm and a gear in cooperation with a scale table; the mounting mechanism integrates a GNSS adapter seat, a visual target frame and an inclination calibration assembly based on bidirectional screw driving; and the device shaft is provided with a through optical centering device hole. The application can realize multi-dimensional space precision adjustment, solves the problems of limited calibration precision and rough stepping by combining mechanical transmission with quantitative feedback, and significantly improves the field calibration efficiency and precision of the slope monitoring equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope safety monitoring technology, specifically to an on-site calibration device for displacement and tilt angle monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of slope safety monitoring engineering, real-time acquisition of displacement and tilt angle data is of great engineering significance for slope stability assessment and engineering operation and maintenance management. Currently, the industry widely uses GNSS monitoring stations, visual deformation monitoring instruments, and inclinometers to achieve long-term automated monitoring of slope stability. Calibration and management of monitoring equipment are crucial throughout its entire lifecycle. On the one hand, during the equipment deployment phase, factors such as factory assembly tolerances, the flatness of the on-site installation base, and installation posture deviations can cause initial measurement benchmark deviations, necessitating on-site calibration. On the other hand, during long-term field service, the coupling effect of natural environmental disturbances and mechanical vibrations can easily cause deviations in measurement accuracy and initial zero-point drift. Therefore, it is necessary to complete initial on-site calibration and periodic on-site calibration during service to ensure the authenticity, accuracy, and reliability of monitoring data.

[0003] The existing slope monitoring equipment calibration technology has obvious technical defects. In terms of displacement calibration, the existing calibration devices generally do not have high-precision multi-dimensional fine adjustment mechanisms, which makes it impossible to complete the accurate displacement simulation and benchmark alignment in the specified direction. This results in large operational errors in the calibration operation and makes it difficult to guarantee the calibration accuracy.

[0004] Therefore, we propose an on-site calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring, comprising a bottom support mechanism, the bottom support mechanism including a bottom base, with four corners of the bottom base respectively connected to foot leveling components via threads, a spirit level embedded in the upper surface of the bottom base, and self-locking casters at each of the four bottom corners of the bottom base, a height adjustment mechanism above the bottom base, the height adjustment mechanism including an adjusting outer tube perpendicular to the displacement adjustment mechanism, the bottom end of the adjusting outer tube being fixed to the output end of the displacement adjustment mechanism via a flange, the inner surface of the adjusting outer tube having a smooth guide surface machined and slidably fitted with an adjusting inner tube, a locking device installed on the upper part of the adjusting outer tube wall via a threaded through hole, the end of the locking device pressing against the outer periphery of the adjusting inner tube, a grating ruler fixed axially on the outer side wall of the adjusting outer tube, and a grating reading head correspondingly fixed on the side edge of the adjusting inner tube, the grating reading head engaging with the grating ruler to obtain vertical... The height adjustment mechanism has the following features: a vertical height adjustment mechanism; a rotating mechanism is installed at the upper end of the height adjustment mechanism; a displacement adjustment mechanism is provided at the top of the rotating mechanism; and a mounting mechanism is fixed at the top of the displacement adjustment mechanism. The displacement adjustment mechanism consists of a mounting base, an X-axis moving assembly, and a Y-axis moving assembly. The X-axis moving assembly and the Y-axis moving assembly form a cross-shaped overlapping layout. The X-axis moving assembly includes a first transverse guide rail and a second transverse guide rail, which are arranged in pairs and fixed on the mounting base. The inner cavity of the first transverse guide rail has a groove-shaped cross section and a first guide rod is embedded therein. A first moving threaded rod is supported in the inner cavity of the second transverse guide rail by a bearing. A first bearing plate spans above the first transverse guide rail and the second transverse guide rail. Two first slide blocks are welded to the bottom surface of the first bearing plate. One of the first slide blocks is slidably fitted onto the outer wall of the first guide rod. The other first slide block has an internal thread and meshes with the first moving threaded rod. One end of the first moving threaded rod extends out of the second transverse guide rail and is fixed with a first rotating handle.

[0007] Preferably, the foot leveling assembly includes an adjusting threaded rod, which forms a helical transmission relationship with the threaded hole at the corner of the bottom base. A knob is fixed to the top of the adjusting threaded rod by a flat key, and a ball-head structure is machined at the bottom of the adjusting threaded rod and covered with a universal joint. An anti-slip support pad is welded to the bottom of the universal joint, and the bottom surface of the anti-slip support pad is machined with anti-slip texture. The adjusting threaded rod drives the bottom base to produce vertical displacement by axial rotation.

[0008] Preferably, the Y-axis moving assembly is mounted on the top of the first support plate and includes a first vertical guide rail and a second vertical guide rail that are parallel to each other. The extension directions of the first vertical guide rail and the second vertical guide rail are perpendicular to the extension direction of the first horizontal guide rail. A second guide rod is installed inside the first vertical guide rail, and a second moving threaded rod is supported inside the second vertical guide rail. A second support plate is supported above the first vertical guide rail and the second vertical guide rail. Two second slide blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom of the second support plate. The two second slide blocks form a sliding engagement and a threaded transmission engagement with the second guide rod and the second moving threaded rod, respectively. One end of the second moving threaded rod passes through the second vertical guide rail and is connected to a second rotating handle.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating mechanism operation includes a housing-structured mounting chamber. A worm gear is supported inside the side wall of the mounting chamber by a bearing with a seat. One end of the worm gear passes through the side wall of the mounting chamber and is fixed with an adjusting handwheel. A worm wheel is rotatably mounted in the middle of the mounting chamber via a vertical bearing seat. The worm wheel and the worm gear form an interlocking shaft gear transmission mechanism. The axis of the worm wheel extends upward and is connected to a first connecting block. A rotating plate is fixed to the top of the first connecting block by a countersunk bolt. The top center of the rotating plate is rigidly connected to the bottom surface of the mounting mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, an angle scale is etched at the top annular edge of the installation chamber, and a pointer is welded below the edge of the rotating plate, with the end of the pointer pointing to the scale line of the angle scale. A radially penetrating threaded hole is machined on the side wall of the installation chamber, and a limiting screw is screwed into the threaded hole. The inner end of the limiting screw is machined with a conical tip that matches the worm gear tooth groove, and a rotating knob is fixed to the outer end of the limiting screw. By rotating the knob, the limiting screw is driven to move radially and embed into the worm gear tooth groove to form a rigid lock.

[0011] Preferably, the mounting mechanism includes a horizontally arranged mounting plate, with an adapter base formed at the center of the mounting plate by machining. The adapter base has an internal threaded interface for mounting a GNSS receiver. A visual target mounting frame extends from one side edge of the mounting plate by welding a square steel pipe. A support rod extends vertically upward from the end of the visual target mounting frame. The top of the support rod has bolt fixing holes for mounting an optical visual target. A side placement plate is provided on the side of the mounting plate and is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting plate. A corner reflector is fixedly installed on the top of the side placement plate.

[0012] Preferably, inclinometer calibration components are symmetrically arranged below and above the mounting plate. The inclinometer calibration components include an upper mounting frame and a lower mounting frame with a gate-shaped structure. The upper mounting frame is welded to the top surface of the mounting plate, and the lower mounting frame is welded to the bottom surface of the mounting plate. An upper movable plate is hinged between the two pillars of the upper mounting frame via a pin, and a lower movable plate is hinged between the two pillars of the lower mounting frame via another pin. Both the upper and lower movable plates have through holes at their free ends, and positive and negative threaded nuts are installed in the through holes respectively. A bidirectional adjusting screw passes through the positive and negative threaded nuts, and a rotating block is fixed at the top of the bidirectional adjusting screw. The upper surface of the upper movable plate has a calibration inclinometer mounting groove, and an angle reticle with an arc-shaped slide is fixed to the side of the upper mounting frame.

[0013] Preferably, a retaining ring is fixed in the middle of the bidirectional adjusting screw, the retaining ring being located between the upper movable plate and the lower movable plate. The upper section of the bidirectional adjusting screw is machined with a right-hand thread, and the lower section is machined with a left-hand thread. By rotating the rotating block, the bidirectional adjusting screw is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the upper movable plate and the lower movable plate to make fan-shaped movements in opposite directions or away from each other around their respective hinge points, thereby changing the horizontal inclination angle of the calibration inclinometer mounting slot.

[0014] Preferably, cylindrical optical alignment device mounting holes are provided through the geometric centers of the bottom base, the first support plate, and the second support plate. The mounting holes are all located on the same vertical axis, which coincides with the central axis of the adapter base. An optical alignment device is fixed inside the mounting hole. The eyepiece of the optical alignment device is located below the bottom base, and its objective lens points towards the top of the mounting mechanism, establishing a vertical reference alignment through the optical path.

[0015] Preferably, the guide rail sides of the X-axis moving component and the Y-axis moving component of the displacement adjustment mechanism are both fixed with grating rulers by brackets, and the sides of the first slide and the second slide are respectively fixed with grating reading heads. The grating reading heads and the grating rulers maintain a clearance fit sensing relationship to capture the linear displacement increment of the slide in the horizontal direction.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention establishes a four-dimensional spatial adjustment chain through the vertical stacking layout of the bottom base, displacement adjustment mechanism, rotation mechanism, and installation mechanism. During displacement calibration, by operating the first and second rotating handles, the rotational torque is converted into linear translation of the bearing plate along the guide rail using the helical transmission of the first and second moving threaded rods. Since the guide rod and slide form a complete constraint on the radial degree of freedom, offset and sway during movement are suppressed. This cross-shaped precision screw transmission structure changes the inaccurate positioning caused by manual pushing and pulling in traditional calibration devices, enabling displacement simulation to have extremely high step resolution in two mutually perpendicular horizontal axes. Combined with the real-time displacement feedback of the grating ruler, a quantifiable displacement compensation benchmark is formed.

[0017] 2. The height adjustment mechanism and the foot leveling assembly of this invention work together to establish a horizontal attitude initialization system for the device. The foot leveling assembly utilizes the spherical rotation of a universal joint and an anti-slip support pad to ensure that the adjusting threaded rod maintains a vertical force state even on an inclined slope base. Differential adjustment of the height at the four corners eliminates the initial tilt of the base. Simultaneously, the telescopic structure of the adjusting outer and inner tubes alters the vertical coordinate height of the installation mechanism, forming rigid support through a locking device. In particular, the third grating ruler and third grating reading head equipped with the height adjustment mechanism enable precise electronic measurement of the vertical stroke, overcoming the inability of traditional telescopic structures to accurately quantify vertical displacement and meeting the high-precision coordinate calibration requirements of sensors of different specifications in three-dimensional space.

[0018] 3. This invention introduces a worm gear reduction transmission system into the rotating mechanism, utilizing the helical meshing characteristics between the worm and worm wheel to establish a large-ratio angular displacement adjustment relationship. Because the worm gear structure has a physically self-locking function, the deflection angle of the mounting mechanism remains constant when the external driving force disappears, avoiding rotational drift caused by gravitational eccentricity. Combined with the angle scale on the edge of the mounting chamber and the pointer on the rotating plate, the azimuth adjustment becomes visual and micro-motion responsive. The limiting screw, through mechanical and physical interference embedded in the worm gear groove, further locks the rotational degree of freedom, solving the problem of easy deviation in angle calibration under strong earthquakes or strong winds in the field.

[0019] 4. The installation mechanism of this invention, through its integrated design, forms a composite calibration environment for multiple sensors. The top adapter base and the laterally extending visual target mounting bracket establish a geometric correlation between GNSS monitoring data and visual monitoring data, ensuring alignment of multiple monitoring methods under the same benchmark. The lower inclinometer calibration component utilizes the forward and reverse thread transmission principle of the bidirectional adjusting screw to drive the upper and lower movable plates to synchronously undergo angular displacement. This hinged linkage mechanism changes the crude method of simply relying on shims or manual adjustment of the inclinometer angle, achieving microsecond-level or graded precise compensation of small angles through rotating the rotating block. The relative movement of the angle reticle and the movable plate establishes an intuitive angle reading channel, solving the technical shortcomings of high-precision inclinometers in terms of imprecise adjustment and poor stability during verification of minute angle changes.

[0020] 5. This invention establishes a vertical optical path running through the entire device by creating coaxial optical centering mounting holes at the axis of each adjustment component. This structural design ensures that the sensor to be calibrated at the top and the ground reference point at the bottom are perfectly aligned on the gravity line, eliminating geometric center drift caused by the multi-layered adjustment mechanism. The complete integration of the grating ruler into the horizontal displacement and vertical height adjustment mechanism transforms the originally blind manual adjustment into a feedback-based closed-loop control process. Numerical three-dimensional displacement feedback replaces traditional scale estimation, reducing the interference of environmental factors on the accuracy of on-site calibration from a physical structural perspective. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the main body of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom support mechanism in this invention; Figure 3 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the bottom support mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of the rotating mechanism, displacement adjusting mechanism, and mounting mechanism in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the rotating mechanism, the displacement adjusting mechanism, and the mounting mechanism in this invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the rotating mechanism in this invention; Figure 7This is an exploded view of the displacement adjustment mechanism in this invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the displacement adjustment mechanism in this invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the installation mechanism in this invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Bottom support mechanism; 11. Bottom base; 12. Foot leveling assembly; 121. Adjusting threaded rod; 122. Knob; 123. Universal joint; 124. Anti-slip support pad; 13. Level bubble; 14. Self-locking caster; 2. Height adjustment mechanism; 21. Adjusting outer tube; 22. Adjusting inner tube; 23. Locking device; 3. Rotation mechanism; 31. Mounting chamber; 32. Rotating plate; 33. First connecting block; 34. Worm gear; 35. Angle scale; 36. Pointer; 37. Worm; 38. Limit screw; 4. Displacement adjustment mechanism; 41. X-axis moving assembly; 411. Mounting base; 412. First transverse guide rail; 413. Second transverse guide rail; 414. First guide rod; 415. First moving screw 416. First rotating handle; 417. First support plate; 418. First slide; 42. Y-axis moving assembly; 421. First vertical guide rail; 422. Second vertical guide rail; 423. Second guide rod; 424. Second moving threaded rod; 425. Second rotating handle; 426. Second support plate; 427. Second slide; 5. Mounting mechanism; 51. Mounting plate; 52. GNSS receiver adapter base; 53. Upper mounting bracket; 54. Lower mounting bracket; 55. Upper movable plate; 56. Lower movable plate; 57. Calibration inclinometer mounting slot; 58. Adjusting screw; 59. Rotating block; 510. Visual target mounting bracket; 511. Side placement plate; 512. Corner reflector; 6. Optical centering device mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Please see Figures 1 to 9The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring provided by this invention has a hierarchical structure with precise stacking from bottom to top. The bottom layer of the device is the bottom base 11 of the bottom support mechanism 1. This bottom base 11 serves as the load-bearing foundation of the entire system and is typically made of high-strength aluminum alloy or stainless steel to ensure chemical stability and physical rigidity in high humidity and high salt spray environments in the field. At the four corners of the bottom base 11, vertical through-holes are machined with high-precision threads, and foot leveling components 12 are respectively installed in these threaded holes. The specific structure of the foot leveling components 12 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, its core component is a long-stroke adjusting threaded rod 121. The axis of the adjusting threaded rod 121 is perpendicular to the plane of the bottom base 11. Through the helical transmission relationship with the threaded hole at the corner of the bottom base 11, micron-level vertical displacement compensation is achieved. At the top of the adjusting threaded rod 121, a knob 122 for easy manual operation is fixedly connected by a flat key. The operator can drive the adjusting threaded rod 121 to rise and fall relative to the bottom base 11 by rotating the knob 122. In order to adapt to the uneven rock surface or soft soil of the slope, the bottom end of the adjusting threaded rod 121 is processed into a ball-head structure, which is covered with a... Universal joint 123, with anti-slip support pad 124 welded to the bottom end; the bottom surface of anti-slip support pad 124 is machined with crisscrossing anti-slip texture. This universal joint structure design allows the foot leveling component 12 to automatically adjust the support angle according to the inclination angle of the ground, ensuring that the adjusting threaded rod 121 is always in a vertical force state, avoiding lateral force causing the base to become unstable; in order to provide real-time feedback on the level status of the bottom base 11, a highly sensitive level bubble 13 is embedded in the center or edge area of ​​the upper surface of the bottom base 11. When the liquid column of the level bubble 13 is at the center mark, it means that the bottom base 11 has completed the initial leveling.

[0026] After the basic leveling is completed, the height adjustment mechanism 2, located above the bottom base 11, begins to function. Its purpose is to simulate the force and signal reception of the sensor at different installation heights. The height adjustment mechanism 2 is perpendicular to the horizontal displacement plane and includes a cylindrical adjusting outer tube 21. The bottom end of the adjusting outer tube 21 is fastened to the output end of the second bearing plate 426 via a thick flange. The inner surface of the adjusting outer tube 21 is finely ground to form a smooth guide surface, and an adjusting inner tube 22 is slidably fitted inside it. The adjusting inner tube 22 can smoothly extend and retract along the vertical axis. To maintain structural rigidity after the selected height, a threaded through hole is provided on the upper part of the wall of the adjusting outer tube 21, and a locking device 23 is installed thereon. The locking device 23 is usually a clamping bolt with a handle, the end of which presses against the outer circumference of the adjusting inner tube 22. The vertical degree of freedom is locked by strong static friction to prevent the sensor from slipping due to gravity. A grating ruler is fixed axially on the outer wall of the adjusting outer tube 21, and a grating reading head is fixed on the side edge of the adjusting inner tube 22. The grating reading head and the grating ruler are inductively coupled to obtain the vertical height adjustment amount.

[0027] The upper end of the height adjustment mechanism 2 further supports the rotation mechanism 3, which is responsible for simulating the azimuth deflection of the slope monitoring point. The core of the rotation mechanism 3 is a fully enclosed housing 31, a closed design that effectively prevents wear on the internal precision gear pair by wind and sand. Inside the side wall of the housing 31, a worm gear 37 is horizontally supported by a bearing seat. One end of the worm gear 37 passes through the housing wall and is connected to an adjustment handwheel for fine adjustment. At the geometric center of the housing 31, a large-diameter worm wheel 34 is vertically mounted via a vertical bearing seat. The worm wheel 34 and the worm gear 37 form an interlocking gear transmission mechanism. Due to the extremely high reduction ratio of the worm wheel 34 and worm gear 37 transmission, rotating the adjustment handwheel several times only results in a very small angular change in the worm wheel 34, providing a physical basis for fine-tuning the azimuth angle. More importantly, the worm wheel 34 and worm gear 37 structure possesses a physically significant reverse self-locking characteristic, meaning that the load on the installation mechanism 5 cannot drive the worm gear 37 to rotate, thus ensuring the accuracy of the calibration angle. Stability: A section of shaft extends upward from the axis of the worm gear 34 and is connected to a first connecting block 33. A rotating plate 32 is fixed to the top of the first connecting block 33 by a countersunk bolt. A second connecting block is fixed at the top center of the rotating plate 32. This connecting block serves as a mechanical connection link between the rotating mechanism 3 and the upper mounting mechanism 5, realizing the smooth upward transmission of rotational torque. To visually observe the deflection angle, an angle scale 35 is etched on the top annular edge of the mounting chamber 31, and a slender pointer 36 is correspondingly provided below the edge of the rotating plate 32. The end of the pointer 36 points to the scale line, making the adjustment of the azimuth angle visible. To prevent micro-drift in strong winds, a radially penetrating threaded hole is additionally machined on the side wall of the mounting chamber 31. A limit screw 38 is screwed into the threaded hole. When the angle is adjusted to the correct position, the limit screw 38 is rotated to extend radially into and embed into the tooth groove of the worm gear 34, forming a mechanical rigid lock to ensure that the device is in an absolutely stationary state during calibration.

[0028] After the rotation adjustment is completed, the displacement adjustment mechanism 4 begins to function. The displacement adjustment mechanism 4 is a key component in this device for simulating horizontal displacement. It employs a cross-shaped overlapping layout formed by the X-axis moving component 41 and the Y-axis moving component 42, a structure that geometrically establishes a standard Cartesian coordinate system. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the X-axis moving component 41 is directly mounted on the bottom base 11, and includes a pair of parallel first transverse guide rails 412 and 413. The inner cross-section of the first transverse guide rail 412 presents an upward-opening groove shape, and a precision-ground first guide rod 414 is fixed inside the groove, providing geometric constraints on the direction of movement. The inner cavity of the second transverse guide rail 413 is supported by a first moving screw via precision bearings at both ends. The first guide rod 415 has a first bearing plate 417 spanning above the first transverse guide rail 412 and the second transverse guide rail 413. The first bearing plate 417 is an intermediate platform for displacement transmission. On the bottom end face of the first bearing plate 417, two first slide blocks 418 are fixed corresponding to the positions of the two guide rails. One of the first slide blocks 418 has a smooth circular hole in its center and slides onto the outer wall of the first guide rod 414, achieving low-friction guiding movement through clearance fit. The other first slide block 418 has an internal thread that matches the first moving threaded rod 415, thus forming a threaded transmission pair. When the operator rotates the first rotating handle 416 fixed at the end of the first moving threaded rod 415, the rotational motion is converted into linear reciprocating motion of the first bearing plate 417 in the east-west direction.

[0029] To achieve omnidirectional displacement simulation in a two-dimensional plane, the Y-axis moving assembly 42 is precisely mounted on top of the first support plate 417. Its structural logic is consistent with the X-axis assembly, including a first vertical guide rail 421 and a second vertical guide rail 422 distributed in parallel, with their extension direction strictly perpendicular to the axis of the first horizontal guide rail 412. A second guide rod 423 is installed within the first vertical guide rail 421, and a second moving threaded rod 424 is supported within the second vertical guide rail 422. The second support plate 426, spanning above, engages with the second guide rod 423 and the second moving threaded rod 424 via two second sliding blocks 427 at its bottom. By operating the second rotating handle 425, the second support plate 426 can move along the first support plate 417. Based on this, the north-south displacement is generated; this cross-shaped superposition structure ensures the independence of displacement simulation, that is, adjusting the east-west displacement will not interfere with the north-south coordinates, which meets the calibration requirements of GNSS receivers under complex trajectory simulation; in order to realize the quantitative feedback of displacement, the guide rail sides of the displacement adjustment mechanism 4 are fixed with precision grating scales through cantilever brackets, while the corresponding first slide 418 and second slide 427 are fixed with grating reading heads; a small sensing gap is maintained between the grating reading head and the grating scale, and the linear displacement increment of the slide is captured in real time using the moiré fringe principle, and the data is fed back to the matching electronic display screen or recorder, thereby establishing a closed-loop displacement calibration feedback system.

[0030] Mounting mechanism 5 serves as the direct interface between this device and the sensor to be calibrated. Its complex structure integrates multiple functions. Mounting mechanism 5 includes a large horizontal mounting plate 51. At the geometric center of mounting plate 51, a raised GNSS receiver adapter base 52 is precision-machined. The GNSS receiver adapter base 52 has a standardized internal thread interface specifically designed for mounting various types of GNSS receivers, ensuring the receiver is aligned with the device's central axis. To facilitate the calibration of the visual deformability analyzer, a visual target mounting bracket 510 is fixedly connected to one edge of mounting plate 51. This visual target mounting bracket 510 includes a horizontally extending square support and a vertically extending strut. The top of the strut has multiple bolt holes for mounting optical visual targets, total station reflecting prisms, or laser centering marks. This cantilever design allows the visual target... Maintaining a fixed geometric offset between the target and the GNSS center point facilitates the verification of multi-sensor fusion monitoring algorithms. Simultaneously, a side placement plate 511 is provided on the side of the mounting plate 51, fixedly connected to the side of the mounting plate 51. A corner reflector 512 is fixedly installed on the top of the side placement plate 511. By pre-installing a certain number of artificial corner reflectors 512 of strictly uniform size and specifications on the upper surface of the side placement plate 511, these corner reflectors 512 have stable positions, very small annual displacement, and strong radar wave reflection. Even after several years, they still maintain high coherence. Thus, radar images with long time intervals or large baseline distances acquired in the monitored area can be utilized without considering time variations. By performing spatiotemporal analysis on each monitored target and eliminating atmospheric influences, the minute deformation levels of the target can be accurately measured.

[0031] For the critical inclinometer calibration in slope monitoring, this invention symmetrically arranges a dedicated inclinometer calibration assembly below and above the mounting plate 51. This assembly consists of an upper mounting frame 53 and a lower mounting frame 54 with a portal-shaped structure. The upper mounting frame 53 is firmly connected to the top surface of the mounting plate 51, while the lower mounting frame 54 is connected to the bottom surface. An upper movable plate 55 is hinged between the two supports of the upper mounting frame 53 via a precision pin, and a lower movable plate 56 is hinged between the two supports of the lower mounting frame 54 via another pin. This hinged arrangement allows the two movable plates to swing around the pin axis in the vertical plane. The power source for the calibration assembly is a cleverly designed adjusting screw 58, which passes vertically through the free ends of the upper movable plate 55 and the lower movable plate 56. A retaining ring is fixed in the middle of the adjusting screw 58, which serves as an axial positioning element between the two plates. Crucially, the upper section of the adjusting screw 58 is machined with a right-hand thread. The lower section is machined with a left-hand thread, and corresponding positive and negative thread nuts are embedded in the free end holes of the upper movable plate 55 and the lower movable plate 56, respectively; a knurled rotating block 59 is fixed at the top of the adjusting screw 58; when the operator rotates the rotating block 59, due to the kinematic characteristics of the positive and negative threads, the upper movable plate 55 and the lower movable plate 56 will move synchronously in opposite directions or away from each other around their respective hinge points; a special calibration inclinometer mounting slot 57 is opened on the upper surface of the upper movable plate 55, and the sensor to be calibrated is fixed in the slot; as the movable plate tilts, the sensing axis of the sensor deflects accordingly; in order to read the tilt angle in real time, an angle reticle with an arc-shaped slide is fixed on the side of the upper mounting bracket 53; this design utilizes the leverage effect of the mechanical linkage to convert the tiny screw rotation into extremely fine angle compensation, and the adjustment resolution can reach the level of several seconds, far exceeding the traditional manual tilt adjustment method.

[0032] To ensure the entire device remains centered even after multiple layers are stacked, this invention establishes a vertical optical path throughout the entire system. Optical centering device mounting holes 6 are drilled and bored through the geometric centers of the bottom base 11, the first support plate 417, and the second support plate 426. These mounting holes are precisely calibrated in space to ensure they are on the same vertical axis, which coincides perfectly with the central axis of the GNSS receiver adapter base 52 at the top. High-magnification optical centering devices are fixedly installed inside these mounting holes 6. The eyepiece of the optical centering device is located below the bottom base 11, with its objective lens pointing towards the top of the mounting mechanism 5. Before on-site calibration begins, technicians observe through the eyepiece and use the bottom leveling assembly 12 and displacement adjustment mechanism 4 to precisely align the crosshairs of the optical centering device with known station control points on the ground. This establishment of a vertical optical reference eliminates geometric eccentricity errors that may result from the layering of adjustment mechanisms, ensuring that calibration in all dimensions is performed under the same ground reference coordinates.

[0033] To facilitate movement, self-locking casters 14 are provided at the four corners of the bottom of the base 11.

[0034] In practical applications, such as the calibration of slope monitoring equipment on a highway, the operation procedure is as follows: First, by pushing the device, it is moved to the pre-set concrete base on the slope via the self-locking moving wheel 14. Then, the self-locking moving wheel 14 is locked. Simultaneously, by adjusting the foot leveling component 12 and observing the level bubble 13, the bottom base 11 is leveled, and the corner reflector 512 is installed. Next, the ground marker is observed through the optical centering device at the bottom. The first rotating handle 416 and the second rotating handle 425 are rotated to fine-tune the displacement adjustment mechanism 4 so that the physical center line of the device coincides with the ground control point. At this time, the grating reading feedback is cleared to zero, and the initial coordinates are established. Then, the GNSS receiver is installed on the GNSS receiver adapter base 52, and the optical target is installed on the visual target mounting frame. On 510, the inclinometer to be calibrated is installed in the inclinometer mounting slot 57. If it is necessary to simulate a horizontal displacement of the slope, the operator rotates the first rotating handle 416 according to the instruction. The displacement feedback system displays the displacement in real time. For example, if the movement is accurate to 50.00mm, the data change reported by the GNSS receiver is observed. By comparing the physical displacement with the electronic data, the positioning deviation of the GNSS receiver can be obtained. If it is necessary to calibrate the inclinometer, the rotating block 59 is rotated to tilt the upper movable plate 55 by a small angle. The actual physical inclination angle is read through the angle reticle and then compared with the output value of the inclinometer. During the whole process, the height adjustment mechanism 2 can adjust the antenna height at any time according to the surrounding vegetation obstruction, while the rotating mechanism 3 can simulate the azimuth angle change caused by crustal movement or slope torsion.

[0035] This device integrates multiple mechanical principles, including precision lead screw transmission, worm gear 34 and worm 37 self-locking, forward and reverse lead screw connecting rods, and optical through-hole alignment, to simplify complex slope spatial displacement and attitude changes into quantifiable and repeatable physical operations. It not only solves the problems of low accuracy and easy drift of calibration equipment in field environments, but also achieves "one-time setup, multi-machine calibration" through a multi-functional integrated installation platform, greatly improving the maintenance efficiency and data reliability of the slope monitoring system. Each connection point considers the balance between rigid constraints and adjustment flexibility; for example, the clearance between the slide and the guide rail is strictly controlled within 2 micrometers to ensure no unnecessary shaking occurs during simulated displacement. This highly reliable physical architecture provides solid underlying technical support for slope disaster early warning in my country.

[0036] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this invention, the specific implementation principles of this invention are further supplemented below with a specific application scenario.

[0037] To achieve high-precision in-situ calibration of multi-source sensors in the slope monitoring system, the operating principle of this device in practical applications is as follows: Step 1: When establishing the baseline level and spatial alignment, firstly, place the bottom base 11 of the displacement adjustment mechanism 4 on the concrete platform surface of the slope monitoring point. At this time, use the foot leveling components 12 at the four corners for initial leveling. By manually rotating the knob 122 at the top of the adjusting threaded rod 121, the lifting and lowering driving force of the threaded pair is used to make the universal joint 123 at the bottom drive the anti-slip support pad 124 to fit against the uneven base surface. At the same time, observe the liquid column of the level bubble 13 until it is centered. Subsequently, the technicians observe the optical alignment through the optical centering device mounting hole 6 that runs through the center of the bottom base 11, the first bearing plate 417, and the second bearing plate 426. The centering device aligns the optical crosshairs vertically downwards with the known control point on the ground. If there is eccentricity, the first rotating handle 416 and the second rotating handle 425 are rotated, and the first moving threaded rod 415 and the second moving threaded rod 424 drive the first slide block 418 and the second slide block 427 respectively. This causes the X-axis moving assembly 41 and the Y-axis moving assembly 42, as well as the upper layers of the structure, to make horizontal fine adjustments in the Cartesian coordinate system until the optical centering axis is completely coincident with the ground control point. This process eliminates the geometric accumulation error caused by the multi-layer mechanical stacking through the vertically penetrating optical path, and establishes the absolute spatial coordinate home position for subsequent displacement simulation.

[0038] Step 2, during the simulation and closed-loop feedback of precise displacement values, after establishing the original position, the GNSS receiver to be calibrated is locked onto the internal thread interface of the GNSS receiver adapter base 52 of the mounting mechanism 5. To simulate a 50mm creep displacement of a slope in the east-west direction, the operator rotates the first rotating handle 416 of the X-axis moving assembly 41. The first moving threaded rod 415 rotates and generates a helical pair motion with the internal thread in the first slide 418, converting the rotational force into a linear thrust of the first bearing plate 417 along the axial direction of the first guide rod 414. During this process, a high-precision displacement sensor monitors the displacement and feeds it back to the external display in real time with an accuracy of 0.01mm. When the feedback value reaches 50mm, the rotation stops. At this time, the electrical signal displacement sensed by the GNSS receiver is compared with the physical displacement provided by this device to calibrate the positioning accuracy of the GNSS receiver. Similarly, by rotating the second rotating handle 425 of the Y-axis moving assembly 42, the second moving threaded rod 424 and the second slide 427 are driven to move, and the displacement simulation in the north-south direction can be achieved independently. The overlapping mechanical constraints ensure that the displacements in the two dimensions do not interfere with each other, thus realizing a high-precision physical simulation of the two-dimensional deformation trajectory of the slope.

[0039] Step 3: During multi-attitude and altitude simulation, to simulate the sensor's performance at different installation heights and azimuth angles, first loosen the locking device 23 in the height adjustment mechanism 2, manually stretch the inner adjusting tube 22 relative to the outer adjusting tube 21 to simulate the effect of different support heights on satellite signal interception. After adjustment, rigidly lock the device 23 using static friction. A grating scale is fixed axially on the outer wall of the outer adjusting tube 21, and a grating reading head is correspondingly fixed to the side edge of the inner adjusting tube 22. The grating reading head and... A grating ruler and scale sensor are used to obtain the vertical height adjustment. Then, a rotation mechanism 3 simulates a change in azimuth. The operator drives the worm gear 37 to rotate, and the worm gear 37 meshes with the worm wheel 34 to produce a large reduction ratio angular displacement, causing the first connecting block 33, the second connecting block, the rotating plate 32, and the mounting plate 51 above to rotate horizontally. Because the worm wheel 34 and worm gear 37 have a physical self-locking characteristic, meaning the worm wheel 34 cannot drive the worm gear 37 in the opposite direction, this ensures that the simulated angle will not drift spontaneously under external loads. Technicians determine the rotation angle by the pointer 36 pointing on the angle scale 35 and tighten the limit screw 38 so that its tip engages in the tooth groove of the worm wheel 34, forming a mechanical hard lock, providing a stable azimuth reference for the sensor.

[0040] Step 4: High-resolution calibration of minute tilt angles. For zero-point calibration of the high-precision inclinometer, the inclinometer is fixed in the calibration inclinometer mounting slot 57 of the upper movable plate 55. The operator rotates the rotating block 59 at the top of the adjusting screw 58. Due to the threaded design of the upper and lower sections of the screw, the rotation of the screw causes a controlled relative movement between the free ends of the upper movable plate 55 and the lower movable plate 56. This structure utilizes the stability of triangles and the principle of mechanical levers to convert the long axial displacement of the screw into a minute arc deflection of the movable plate around the hinge point of the pin shaft. Through the arc trajectory of the angle reticle, the traditionally difficult-to-control hand-crank tilt can be converted into a micro-arc compensation with extremely small steps. When the upper movable plate 55 tilts to the preset angle, the linearity and sensitivity calibration of the inclinometer are completed by comparing the sensor output value with the physical reading. Meanwhile, the optical target installed on the visual target mounting frame 510 undergoes synchronous spatial displacement and attitude changes as the mounting chamber 31 and mounting plate 51 move together, thereby realizing the joint in-situ calibration of the GNSS monitoring station, visual deformer and inclinometer.

[0041] All content not described in detail in this specification belongs to existing technology known to those skilled in the art, and the connection relationships and material parameters of the various components are not specifically limited, and can be achieved using conventional equipment. Mechanical assembly details not mentioned in this technical solution belong to existing general technology and will not be described further here.

[0042] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring, characterized in that: include: The device comprises a bottom support mechanism (1), a height adjustment mechanism (2), a rotation mechanism (3), a displacement adjustment mechanism (4), and a mounting mechanism (5); the bottom support mechanism (1) includes a bottom base (11), and a level bubble (13) is provided on the upper surface of the bottom base (11); the height adjustment mechanism (2) is installed on the top of the bottom base (11) and is used to provide vertical height adjustment; the rotation mechanism (3) is installed on the top of the height adjustment mechanism (2) and is used to provide an angle deflection reference; the displacement adjustment mechanism (4) is located on the top of the rotation mechanism (3), and the displacement adjustment mechanism (4) includes a mounting base (411) and a two-dimensional moving system disposed above the mounting base (411), the two-dimensional moving system being used to provide horizontal two-dimensional displacement adjustment; the mounting mechanism (5) is fixed to the top of the displacement adjustment mechanism (4) and is used to integrate the sensor to be calibrated.

2. The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom base (11) is provided with foot leveling components (12) at each of its four corners. Each foot leveling component (12) includes an adjusting threaded rod (121) that is threadedly connected to the bottom base (11). A knob (122) is fixedly provided at the top of the adjusting threaded rod (121). An anti-slip support pad (124) is connected to the bottom of the adjusting threaded rod (121) through a universal joint (123). Self-locking moving wheels (14) are provided at each of the four corners of the bottom of the bottom base (11).

3. The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height adjustment mechanism (2) includes an outer adjustment tube (21) and an inner adjustment tube (22). The bottom end of the outer adjustment tube (21) is fixedly connected to the top of the bottom base (11). The inner adjustment tube (22) is sleeved inside the outer adjustment tube (21) and slides in cooperation with the outer adjustment tube (21). A locking device (23) for locking the inner adjustment tube (22) is provided on the top side wall of the outer adjustment tube (21).

4. The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-dimensional moving system is composed of an X-axis moving component (41) and a Y-axis moving component (42) overlapping each other. The X-axis moving component (41) includes a first transverse guide rail (412) and a second transverse guide rail (413) fixed on the mounting base (411). A first guide rod (414) and a first moving threaded rod (415) are respectively provided inside the first transverse guide rail (412) and the second transverse guide rail (413). A first bearing plate (417) is provided above the first transverse guide rail (412) and the second transverse guide rail (413). The bottom of the support plate (417) is provided with a first slide (418). There are two first slides (418). One of the first slides (418) is slidably connected to the first guide rod (414), and the other first slide (418) is threadedly connected to the first movable threaded rod (415). The first movable threaded rod (415) passes through the first slide (418) and one end of it passes through the second transverse guide rail (413). The end of the first movable threaded rod (415) that passes through the second transverse guide rail (413) is provided with a first rotating handle (416).

5. The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 4, characterized in that: The Y-axis moving assembly (42) includes a first vertical guide rail (421) and a second vertical guide rail (422) fixed to the top of the first support plate (417). The first vertical guide rail (421) and the second vertical guide rail (422) are respectively provided with a second guide rod (423) and a second moving threaded rod (424). A second support plate (426) is provided above the first vertical guide rail (421) and the second vertical guide rail (422). A second slide block (427) is provided at the bottom of the second support plate (426). There are two second slide blocks (427). One of the second slide blocks (427) is slidably connected to the second guide rod (423), and the other second slide block (427) is threadedly connected to the second moving threaded rod (424). The second moving threaded rod (424) passes through the second slide block (427) and one end of it passes through the second vertical guide rail (422). A second rotating handle (425) is provided at the end of the second moving threaded rod (424) that passes through the second vertical guide rail (422).

6. The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (3) includes a mounting chamber (31) and a worm gear (34) and a worm (37) built into the mounting chamber (31). The worm (37) is supported on the side wall of the mounting chamber (31) and one end is connected to an adjusting handwheel. The worm gear (34) meshes with the worm (37). A first connecting block (33) is provided on the top of the worm gear (34). A rotating plate (32) is fixedly connected to the top of the first connecting block (33). The top of the rotating plate (32) is fixedly connected to the mounting base (411) of the displacement adjusting mechanism (4). The bottom of the mounting chamber (31) is connected to the adjusting inner tube ( 22) Top fixed connection, the top edge of the installation chamber (31) is provided with an angle scale (35), the bottom of the rotating plate (32) is fixedly installed with a pointer (36), the pointer (36) rotates synchronously with the rotating plate (32), the side wall of the installation chamber (31) is provided with a limiting screw (38), the limiting screw (38) passes through the side wall of the installation chamber (31) and is threadedly connected to the installation chamber (31), one end of the limiting screw (38) is engaged with the tooth of the worm gear (34), the other end of the limiting screw (38) is located outside the installation chamber (31) and is provided with a rotating knob (122).

7. The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting mechanism (5) includes a mounting plate (51), the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the top of the second bearing plate (426). A GNSS receiver adapter base (52) is provided at the top center of the mounting plate (51). A visual target mounting frame (510) extends to the side of the mounting plate (51). A side placement plate (511) is provided on the side of the mounting plate (51), and the side placement plate (511) is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting plate (51). A corner reflector (512) is fixedly installed on the top of the side placement plate (511).

8. The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that: An inclinometer calibration assembly is provided below the mounting plate (51). The inclinometer calibration assembly includes an upper mounting bracket (53) and a lower mounting bracket (54). The upper mounting bracket (53) is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting plate (51), and the lower mounting bracket (54) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate (51). An upper movable plate (55) is hinged between the upper mounting brackets (53), and a lower movable plate (56) is hinged between the lower mounting brackets (54). An adjusting screw (58) is provided between the upper movable plate (55) and the lower movable plate (56). The adjusting screw (58) is threadedly connected to both the upper movable plate (55) and the lower movable plate (56). A rotating block (59) is provided at the top of the adjusting screw (58). A calibration inclinometer mounting groove (57) is provided on the upper surface of the upper movable plate (55), and an angle reticle is provided on the side of the upper mounting bracket (53) on the side of the upper movable plate (55).

9. The field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: Optical alignment device mounting holes (6) are provided through the central axis of the bottom base (11) and the two-dimensional moving system. The vertical passage formed by the optical alignment device mounting holes (6) is coaxial with the geometric center of the mounting mechanism (5), and an optical alignment device is installed inside the optical alignment device mounting holes (6).

10. A field calibration device for displacement and tilt monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the two-dimensional moving system and the height adjustment mechanism (2) are equipped with displacement feedback sensors, which are grating rulers.

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