Modular, spliced battery pack containment assembly

Abstract

The application provides a modular spliced battery pack protective shell assembly, and relates to the technical field of battery packs.The battery pack protective shell assembly comprises a battery pack shell with a placing groove at the top, a cover plate installed at the opening position of the placing groove, and a protection mechanism arranged in the placing groove.The protection mechanism comprises a plurality of mutually parallel pressure relief strips installed on the bottom wall of the placing groove, storage blocks installed on the adjacent top sides of two adjacent pressure relief strips, a protective cover arranged at the opening position of a storage groove at the top of the storage block, a fire extinguishing protection unit arranged on the top end face of the protective cover, a spraying assembly installed on the bottom end face of the protective cover and connected to the output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit, and a detection unit installed in the storage groove.The storage groove is used for placing a battery body, and a pressure relief flow channel is arranged on the inner wall of the storage groove.The application realizes integrated and collaborative protection of active fire extinguishing and passive pressure relief of the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery pack technology, specifically to a modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly. Background Technology

[0002] Electric vehicles are powered by battery packs, which consist of multiple battery cells connected in series and parallel. Under conditions such as overcharging, internal short circuits, mechanical compression, or puncture, individual battery cells are prone to thermal runaway. During thermal runaway, the electrolyte vaporizes and electrode materials decompose, generating a large amount of high-temperature, high-pressure gas mixture containing flammable components. This gas accumulates within the sealed casing of the battery pack, causing a rapid increase in internal pressure. This poses a risk of casing rupture and explosion, and the high-temperature gas leaking into the external environment poses a combustion risk upon contact with air.

[0003] Existing technologies for protecting against thermal runaway in battery packs mainly include two types: passive pressure relief structures and active fire suppression structures.

[0004] Passive pressure relief structures typically have pressure relief valves or explosion-proof valves installed on the side wall or top cover of the battery pack casing. When the internal pressure reaches a preset threshold, the valve opens, directly venting the high-temperature gas to the outside of the casing. This structure only performs pressure relief and cannot cool down or suppress the thermal runaway of individual battery cells. Even after the pressure relief valve opens, the battery cells remain in a state of high-temperature thermal runaway. The continuously released flammable gas poses a risk of reignition outside the casing, and thermal runaway can easily spread along the battery cell arrangement direction to adjacent battery cells, triggering a chain reaction of thermal runaway.

[0005] The active fire suppression system uses fixed-position extinguishing agent nozzles inside the battery pack. Triggered by temperature or smoke sensors, these nozzles spray extinguishing material into the battery pack. However, due to the fixed nozzle positions and spray angles, the extinguishing agent cannot evenly cover the surfaces of each battery cell and the complex internal structure of the battery pack. This results in blind spots on the side of the battery cell facing away from the nozzle and in the gaps between battery cells. Furthermore, the extinguishing agent spraying action and the depressurization and discharge of high-temperature gases inside the casing are executed independently. In the initial stage of thermal runaway, the sprayed extinguishing agent is unevenly dispersed due to high-pressure airflow disturbances, resulting in insufficient contact between the extinguishing agent and the surface of the battery cells.

[0006] Furthermore, improved solutions have emerged in existing technologies. For example, Chinese patent application CN121076331A discloses a battery pack thermal management system, which uses a power component to drive an exhaust component to move. The exhaust component presses against a inclined block, causing the sprinkler head to rotate towards the lithium battery pack to aim at the ignition point. This solution relies on external transmission boxes, push rods, and other power components to achieve sprinkler head steering, resulting in a complex structure that requires independent control logic. The sprinkler head rotation angle is limited by the exhaust component's stroke, failing to achieve self-driven dynamic coverage during the extinguishing agent spraying process. Another example is Chinese patent application CN119231063A, which discloses an energy storage device with a pressure relief component on the top wall. The sprinkler head sprays fire-fighting medium into a first space, passively releasing gas using the pressure relief component. In this solution, the sprinkler head is fixedly installed on the top wall, and the direction of the fire-fighting medium spray is the same as the direction of gas pressure relief. The spray stream is easily carried away by the high-temperature airflow and deviates from the surface of the battery module. Furthermore, it does not construct an independent integrated channel for extinguishing and pressure relief for each individual battery module, posing a risk of thermal runaway propagation between modules.

[0007] Therefore, there is a structural gap in the integration and coordination of active fire suppression and passive pressure relief in the existing battery pack protection structure. How to simultaneously perform comprehensive fire suppression and cooling of a single battery cell when it is thermally runaway, as well as directional drainage of the gas released from the battery cell, is a technical problem currently faced in the design of battery pack protection structures. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a modular, splicing battery pack protective housing assembly.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly, comprising a battery pack housing with a placement slot at the top, a cover plate installed at the opening of the placement slot, and a protective mechanism disposed within the placement slot. The protective mechanism includes multiple pressure relief strips installed parallel to each other on the bottom wall of the placement slot, a storage block installed on the adjacent top sides of two adjacent pressure relief strips, a protective cover disposed at the top of the storage block with a storage slot opening, a fire extinguishing protection unit disposed on the top end face of the protective cover, a spray assembly disposed on the bottom end face of the protective cover and connected to the output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit, and a detection unit disposed within the storage slot. The storage slot is used to place the battery body, and a pressure relief flow channel is provided on the inner wall of the storage slot. When one or more detection units detect abnormal data, the corresponding fire extinguishing protection unit on the storage block is triggered. The fire extinguishing material is converted into a gaseous state and sprayed into the pressure relief channel through the spray assembly in a rotating sweeping manner. This accelerates the gas discharge through the pressure relief channel and pressure relief strip to the outside of the battery pack casing, while simultaneously cooling the battery body inside the storage block.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom end face of the protective cover is provided with a through groove, and the spraying assembly includes a rotating disk with its top end rotatably mounted on the center position of the bottom wall of the through groove. The rotating disk has a spraying chamber that communicates with the output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit. The side of the rotating disk has a plurality of spraying holes that communicate with the spraying chamber in a circumferential array. The opening direction of the spraying holes is offset from the axis direction of the rotating disk.

[0011] Preferably, the opening direction of the injection hole has an angle with the radial direction of the rotating disk, and the angle ranges from 15° to 75°.

[0012] Preferably, the pressure relief channel consists of a plurality of first pressure relief grooves vertically opened on the inner wall of the storage tank and a connecting hole opened on the bottom wall of the storage tank above the pressure relief strip, and a plurality of support columns are fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the storage tank.

[0013] Preferably, the storage tank is provided with a partition that divides the storage tank into two storage battery body spaces, and multiple second pressure relief grooves are vertically opened on the symmetrical end faces of the partition.

[0014] Preferably, the protective mechanism further includes a connecting assembly connecting the storage block and the pressure relief strip. The connecting assembly includes a connecting pipe installed on the top side of the pressure relief strip and communicating with the inside of the pressure relief channel, a limiting ring fixedly installed on the middle of the connecting pipe, a sealing ring set at the top opening of the connecting pipe, a sealing disc fitted to the bottom end face of the sealing ring, a support rod set parallel to the bottom of the sealing ring and installed on the inner wall of the connecting pipe, and a limiting spring passing through the connecting pipe and connected at both ends to the opposite faces of the sealing disc and the support rod, respectively. The top of the connecting pipe matches the connecting hole, and a pressure relief channel is opened inside the pressure relief strip, and the pressure relief channel is connected to the outside of the battery pack housing through a discharge pipe.

[0015] Preferably, each of the multiple pressure relief strips has a through-hole on its top side that communicates with the interior of the pressure relief channel, and the bottom side of the discharge pipe has multiple connection ports that engage with the through-holes.

[0016] Preferably, a bearing is provided between the rotating disk and the bottom end face of the protective cover, and the rotating disk rotates relative to the protective cover about the axis of the rotating disk through the bearing.

[0017] Preferably, the fire extinguishing protection unit consists of a storage tank and a release valve installed at the end of the storage tank. The end of the release valve passes through the protective cover and is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating disc.

[0018] Preferably, the detection unit includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor installed in the storage tank, which are used to detect temperature and pressure data in the storage tank.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The rotating disk 23 is rotatably mounted in the through groove 22 opened at the bottom end face of the protective cover 7. The output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit 8 passes through the protective cover 7 and communicates with the internal spray chamber of the rotating disk 23. Spray holes 24 are opened on the side of the rotating disk 23 in a circumferential array and whose opening direction is off-axis. When the fire extinguishing material is sprayed out under high pressure through the spray holes 24, the tangential component of the jet recoil force drives the rotating disk 23 to rotate around the axis. The jet stream formed by the spray holes 24 during the rotation of the rotating disk 23 covers the top and side areas of the battery body 21 in the storage tank 19 with a conical rotating sweeping surface. The attachment area of ​​the fire extinguishing material on the surface of the battery body 21 changes dynamically with the rotation of the rotating disk 23, eliminating the spray blind zone caused by the fixed nozzle.

[0020] 2. Multiple first pressure relief grooves 20 are vertically formed on the inner wall of the storage tank 19. The top opening of the first pressure relief groove 20 is connected to the annular gap on the side of the battery body 21. During the rotation of the rotating disk 23, the stream of extinguishing material sprayed from the spray hole 24 sweeps across the top opening area of ​​each first pressure relief groove 20 in sequence, and some extinguishing material droplets enter the cavity of the first pressure relief groove 20. After the high-temperature gas generated by thermal runaway is released from the battery body 21, it flows from the top to the bottom along the first pressure relief groove 20. The extinguishing material entering the first pressure relief groove 20 directly contacts and exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas flowing through the first pressure relief groove 20 in the cavity. The vaporization of the extinguishing material absorbs heat, causing the gas temperature to decrease and its volume to shrink. The decrease in gas temperature reduces the risk of the gas continuing to burn in the subsequent pipeline, and the shrinkage of gas volume increases the exhaust mass flow rate per unit time under the condition of fixed pressure relief section, accelerating the discharge of thermal runaway gas.

[0021] 3. Multiple support columns 26 are fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the storage tank 19. The support columns 26 support the battery body 21 and form an airflow gap at the bottom of the battery body 21. The bottom end of the first pressure relief groove 20 is connected to the support column 26. The gas cooled by the first pressure relief groove 20 and the vaporized fire extinguishing material enter the gap of the support column 26 and collect at the connection hole 25 on the bottom wall of the storage tank 19. The height of the support column 26 is greater than or equal to the expansion displacement of the battery body 21 during thermal runaway. When the bottom of the battery body 21 bulges, the support column 26 keeps the airflow gap from being blocked, and the air intake channel of the connection hole 25 remains unobstructed.

[0022] 4. A pressure relief channel is opened inside the pressure relief strip 5, and the connecting pipe 9 is installed on the top side of the pressure relief strip 5 and communicates with the pressure relief channel. The sealing ring 13 and the sealing disc 14 at the top of the connecting pipe 9 form a sealing surface under the action of the limiting spring 16, blocking the airflow from the connecting pipe 9 to the connecting hole 25. After the high-temperature gas in the storage tank 19 pushes the sealing disc 14 to overcome the elastic force of the limiting spring 16 through the connecting hole 25, it enters the connecting pipe 9 and the pressure relief channel in one direction. The gas in each pressure relief strip 5 is discharged to the outside of the battery pack housing 1 after converging through the through port 17. The exhaust path of each storage tank 19 is independent and unidirectional, preventing high-pressure gas or fire extinguishing agent from flowing back to the adjacent unfailed storage block 6, and blocking the inter-module chain propagation of thermal runaway. The storage block 6 and the pressure relief strip 5 are detachably connected to achieve modular splicing installation. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly proposed in this invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the placement slot of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure relief strip and discharge pipe structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the protective mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the storage block and protective cover structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a bottom view of the storage block and protective cover of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the storage block of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection component structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Battery pack casing; 2. Placement slot; 3. Cover plate; 4. Protective plate; 5. Pressure relief strip; 6. Storage block; 7. Protective cover; 8. Fire extinguishing protection unit; 9. Connecting pipe; 10. Discharge pipe; 11. Connection port; 12. Limiting ring; 13. Sealing ring; 14. Sealing disc; 15. Support rod; 16. Limiting spring; 17. Through port; 18. Limiting block; 19. Storage slot; 20. First pressure relief slot; 21. Battery body; 22. Through slot; 23. Rotating disc; 24. Spray hole; 25. Connection hole; 26. Support column; 27. Partition plate; 28. Second pressure relief slot. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the technical means, creative features, achieved objectives, and effects of this invention readily understandable, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this invention and not all embodiments. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described herein without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0034] Example 1: Reference Figures 1-9 The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly shown includes a battery pack housing 1 with a placement slot 2 at the top, a cover plate 3 installed at the opening of the placement slot 2, and a protective mechanism disposed in the placement slot 2. The protective mechanism includes multiple pressure relief strips 5 installed parallel to each other on the bottom wall of the placement slot 2, a storage block 6 installed on the adjacent top side of two adjacent pressure relief strips 5, a protective cover 7 disposed at the opening of the storage slot 19 at the top of the storage block 6, a fire extinguishing protection unit 8 disposed on the top end face of the protective cover 7, a spray assembly installed on the bottom end face of the protective cover 7 and connected to the output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit 8, and a detection unit disposed in the storage slot 19. The storage slot 19 is used to place the battery body 21, and the inner wall of the storage slot 19 is provided with a pressure relief flow channel. When one or more detection units detect abnormal data, the corresponding fire extinguishing protection unit 8 on the storage block 6 is triggered. The fire extinguishing material is converted into a gaseous state and sprayed into the pressure relief channel through the spray assembly in a rotating sweeping manner. The gas is accelerated to be discharged to the outside of the battery pack housing 1 through the pressure relief channel and pressure relief strip 5, while cooling and heat dissipating the battery body 21 inside the storage block 6.

[0035] In this embodiment, when the detection unit detects abnormal temperature or pressure data in the storage tank 19, the corresponding fire extinguishing protection unit 8 on the storage block 6 is triggered. The fire extinguishing material enters the spray assembly through the output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit 8. The spray assembly sprays the fire extinguishing material into the storage tank 19 in a rotating sweeping manner. The rotating jet formed by the spray sweeps across the surface of the battery body 21 and provides a covering cooling effect on the battery body 21. During the rotating sweeping process, some of the fire extinguishing material enters the pressure relief channel opened in the inner wall of the storage tank 19. The high-temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery body 21 flows synchronously along the pressure relief channel. The fire extinguishing material entering the pressure relief channel comes into contact with the high-temperature gas flowing through the pressure relief channel, causing the gas temperature to decrease and its volume to shrink. The gas is collected through the pressure relief channel and enters the pressure relief bar 5, and is discharged to the outside of the battery pack shell 1 by the pressure relief bar 5. This invention achieves the coordinated execution of rotating sweeping fire extinguishing material spraying and cooling of the battery body 21 and the unidirectional directional discharge of thermal runaway high-temperature gas through the pressure relief channel and pressure relief bar 5.

[0036] In response to the issue that fire extinguishing materials transform into a gaseous state after release, this embodiment provides the following solution: The extinguishing materials use extinguishing agents with highly efficient vaporization properties, such as heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone.

[0037] Taking heptafluoropropane as an example, it is stored in a dedicated storage tank in the fire protection unit to maintain its liquid state for easy storage and transportation.

[0038] When the detection unit detects abnormal temperature or pressure data in the storage tank 19 and determines that the battery body 21 has experienced thermal runaway, the release valve of the fire extinguishing protection unit opens rapidly.

[0039] After the release valve is opened, the heptafluoropropane in the storage tank is rapidly introduced into the injection assembly through the output end under pressure.

[0040] The injection assembly is designed with a special injection chamber and injection hole 24 structure. After heptafluoropropane enters the injection chamber, it is ejected at high pressure through multiple injection holes 24 arranged in a circumferential array.

[0041] Since the opening direction of the injection hole 24 is deviated from the axis of the rotating disk 23, the recoil force generated when heptafluoropropane is ejected forms a tangential torque that drives the rotating disk to rotate around its axis, causing the rotating disk 23 to rotate around its own axis in the through groove 22 opened on the bottom end face of the protective cover 7.

[0042] During rotation, the heptafluoropropane jet forms a conical rotating sweeping surface that dynamically covers the top and side areas of the battery body 21 within the storage tank 19.

[0043] After being ejected, heptafluoropropane rapidly vaporizes, absorbing a large amount of heat and effectively reducing the temperature of the battery body and the surrounding environment. At the same time, the gaseous heptafluoropropane can quickly fill the storage tank 19 and the pressure relief channel, suppressing the spread of fire.

[0044] Gaseous heptafluoropropane directly contacts and exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas generated by thermal runaway within the pressure relief channel. This reduces the temperature and volume of the high-temperature gas, decreasing the risk of continued combustion in subsequent pipelines and increasing the exhaust mass flow rate per unit time, thus accelerating the discharge of thermal runaway gas. During the discharge process, the heptafluoropropane remains in a gaseous state and is discharged to the outside of the battery pack casing through the pressure relief strip 5 and the discharge pipe 10, ensuring the safety of the battery pack interior.

[0045] If perfluorohexanone is used as a fire extinguishing material, its working principle is similar to that of heptafluoropropane. Perfluorohexanone also vaporizes rapidly after being sprayed, playing a role in cooling, extinguishing fire and accelerating gas emission.

[0046] Each pressure relief strip 5 has a protective plate 4 vertically installed on its top side; a limiting block 18 is fixedly installed on the bottom end face of the storage block 6, which can be engaged between two adjacent pressure relief strips 5.

[0047] For fire extinguishing materials that are sprayed into the pressure relief channel via a rotating sweeping motion using a spray assembly, this embodiment provides the following solution: like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the bottom end face of the protective cover 7 is provided with a through groove 22. The spraying assembly includes a rotating disk 23 with its top end rotatably mounted on the center position of the bottom wall of the through groove 22. The rotating disk 23 has a spraying chamber that communicates with the output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit 8. The side of the rotating disk 23 has a plurality of spraying holes 24 that communicate with the spraying chamber in a circumferential array. The opening direction of the spraying holes 24 is deviated from the axis of the rotating disk 23. The through groove 22 communicates with the first pressure relief groove 20 and the second pressure relief groove 28.

[0048] In this embodiment, when the fire extinguishing protection unit 8 is triggered, the fire extinguishing material enters the spray chamber inside the rotating disk 23 through the output end, and is then sprayed out at high speed from multiple spray holes 24 arranged in a circumferential array on the side of the rotating disk 23. Since the opening direction of the spray holes 24 deviates from the axis of the rotating disk 23, the recoil force generated by the spray forms a tangential torque that drives the rotating disk 23 to rotate around its axis. This drives the rotating disk 23 to rotate around its own axis within the through groove 22 opened on the bottom end face of the protective cover 7. The spray holes 24 rotate synchronously with the rotating disk 23, and the fire extinguishing material spray jet forms a conical rotating sweeping surface in the storage tank 19. This structure allows the coverage area of ​​the fire extinguishing material spray jet to dynamically change with the rotation of the rotating disk 23, eliminating the spray blind zone caused by the fixed nozzle and achieving uniform coverage spray on the surface of the battery body 21.

[0049] In this design, a spray hole 24 is opened on the side of the rotating disk 23. The opening direction of the spray hole 24 is offset from the axis of the rotating disk 23. When the extinguishing material is sprayed, the tangential component of the recoil force directly drives the rotating disk 23 to rotate, forming a conical rotating sweeping spray. Without external power, continuous dynamic coverage of the surface of the battery body 21 is achieved.

[0050] A bearing is provided between the rotating disk 23 and the bottom end face of the protective cover 7, and the rotating disk 23 rotates relative to the protective cover 7 around the axis of the rotating disk 23 through the bearing.

[0051] In this embodiment, when the extinguishing material is sprayed through the spray hole 24 and generates a tangential driving torque, the bearing converts the sliding friction between the rotating disk 23 and the protective cover 7 into rolling friction. The rotating disk 23 rotates around the axis at a stable speed under the support of the bearing. This structure reduces the frictional resistance during the rotation of the rotating disk 23, allowing the rotating disk 23 to achieve continuous self-rotation under the drive of the spray recoil force, without the need for an external power device.

[0052] It is understandable that the extinguishing material can be discharged through the spray holes 24 on the rotating disc 23 in various ways, causing the rotating disc 23 to rotate. This embodiment provides the following solution: like Figure 7 As shown, the opening direction of the injection hole 24 has an angle with the radial direction of the rotating disk 23, and the angle ranges from 15° to 75°.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the extinguishing material is sprayed through the spray hole 24, the recoil force acts on the rotating disk 23 in the opposite direction to the opening direction of the spray hole 24. This recoil force is decomposed into a radial component along the rotating disk 23 and a tangential component along the rotating disk 23. The tangential component drives the rotating disk 23 to rotate around its axis. When the included angle is less than 15°, the tangential component is insufficient, making it difficult to start the rotation of the rotating disk 23 or resulting in a low rotation speed. When the included angle is greater than 75°, the coverage range of the extinguishing material spray jet along the radial direction of the rotating disk 23 is limited, and the central area of ​​the battery body 21 is not adequately covered. Within the included angle range of 15° to 75°, the tangential component is sufficient to maintain the rotating disk 23 at a predetermined rotation speed, while the radial diffusion range of the spray jet covers the top and side areas of the battery body 21.

[0054] Example 2: Regarding the issue of fire extinguishing materials entering the storage tank 19 in Example 1, this example provides the following solution.

[0055] like Figure 8 As shown, the pressure relief channel consists of a plurality of first pressure relief grooves 20 vertically opened on the inner wall of the storage tank 19 and a connecting hole 25 opened on the bottom wall of the storage tank 19 above the pressure relief strip 5. A plurality of support columns 26 are fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the storage tank 19.

[0056] In this embodiment, the high-temperature gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery body 21 enters the internal space of the storage tank 19 after being released from the battery body 21. The gas flows from the top to the bottom of the tank along the first pressure relief groove 20 on the inner wall of the storage tank 19. The first pressure relief groove 20 provides a vertically directional flow path for the gas. After flowing to the bottom of the first pressure relief groove 20, the gas enters the area between the bottom wall of the storage tank 19 and the bottom of the battery body 21. The support column 26 supports the battery body 21 and forms a gap between the bottom wall of the storage tank 19 and the bottom of the battery body 21 for the gas to flow laterally. The gas gathers in the gap between the support columns 26 and flows towards the connecting hole 25 in the center of the bottom wall of the storage tank 19, and is discharged into the pressure relief strip 5 through the connecting hole 25. In this structure, the first pressure relief groove 20 and the support column 26 fit together to form a complete airflow channel from the top of the storage tank 19 to the connecting hole 25. When the bottom of the battery body 21 bulges due to thermal runaway, the support column 26 keeps the airflow gap from being blocked, ensuring that the air intake of the connecting hole 25 is unobstructed.

[0057] Each storage block 6 in this scheme is independently equipped with a fire extinguishing protection unit 8 and a pressure relief channel (first pressure relief groove 20, connecting hole 25, connecting pipe 9). The detection unit only triggers the corresponding storage block, and the extinguishing agent is sprayed into a single storage groove at a fixed point. A one-way valve composed of a sealing disc 14 and a limit spring 16 is installed in the connecting pipe 9 to prevent gas from flowing back to adjacent storage blocks, thereby realizing the integration of independent protection and directional pressure relief at the module level.

[0058] like Figure 8 As shown, the storage tank 19 is provided with a partition 27 that divides the storage tank 19 into two storage battery bodies 21 cavities. Multiple second pressure relief grooves 28 are vertically opened on the symmetrical end faces of the partition 27.

[0059] In this embodiment, when thermal runaway occurs in either of the battery bodies 21 within the same cavity, the high-temperature gas is released from the surface of the battery body 21. Part of the gas flows downwards along the first pressure relief groove 20 on the inner wall of the storage tank 19, while another part flows downwards along the second pressure relief groove 28 on the end face of the separator 27. The second pressure relief groove 28 provides an independent vertical flow path for the gas in the cavities on both sides of the separator 27. After flowing out through the bottom of the second pressure relief groove 28, the gas enters the gap between the bottom of the separator 27 and the bottom wall of the storage tank 19, and then flows into the gap between the support columns 26, where it converges with the gas guided by the first pressure relief groove 20 and is discharged through the connection hole 25. In this structure, the separator 27 physically separates the two battery bodies 21 within the same storage tank 19, and the second pressure relief groove 28 ensures that the gas generated in the cavities on both sides of the separator 27 can flow directionally to the bottom connection hole 25, preventing the exhaust path of one cavity from being blocked due to obstruction by the separator 27.

[0060] Example 3: For the storage block 6 installed on the pressure relief strip 5, this example provides the following solution.

[0061] like Figures 1-9 As shown, the protective mechanism also includes a connecting assembly connecting the storage block 6 and the pressure relief strip 5. The connecting assembly includes a connecting pipe 9 installed on the top side of the pressure relief strip 5 and communicating with the inside of the pressure relief channel; a limiting ring 12 fixedly installed on the middle of the connecting pipe 9; a sealing ring 13 set at the top opening of the connecting pipe 9; a sealing disc 14 fitted to the bottom end face of the sealing ring 13; a support rod 15 parallel to the bottom of the sealing ring 13 and installed on the inner wall of the connecting pipe 9; and a limiting spring 16 passing through the connecting pipe 9 and connected at both ends to the opposite faces of the sealing disc 14 and the support rod 15, respectively. The top of the connecting pipe 9 matches the connecting hole 25. A pressure relief channel is opened inside the pressure relief strip 5, and the pressure relief channel is connected to the outside of the battery pack housing 1 through the discharge pipe 10.

[0062] In this embodiment, when the limiting spring 16 is in its natural state, the top end face of the sealing disc 14 and the bottom end face of the sealing ring 13 are tightly fitted together, forming a sealing surface that blocks the airflow from the connecting pipe 9 back to the connecting hole 25. When the thermal runaway gas in the storage tank 19 gathers at the connecting hole 25 through the gap between the first pressure relief groove 20 and the support column 26 and the gas pressure exceeds the preset elasticity threshold of the limiting spring 16, the gas pushes the sealing disc 14 to compress the limiting spring 16 and move towards the support rod 15. The sealing disc 14 separates from the sealing ring 13, and the connecting hole 25 is connected to the connecting pipe 9. The gas enters the pressure relief channel of the pressure relief strip 5 unidirectionally through the connecting hole 25 and the connecting pipe 9. The gas in the pressure relief channel is discharged to the outside of the battery pack housing 1 through the discharge pipe 10. In this structure, the sealing ring 13, sealing disc 14, support rod 15 and limiting spring 16 form a unidirectional conduction structure, so that the gas in the storage tank 19 can only flow in one direction to the pressure relief strip 5. The reverse airflow is blocked by the sealing surface, preventing high pressure gas from flowing back into the undamaged storage tank 19 through the pressure relief channel and causing a chain thermal runaway when the adjacent storage block 6 thermally runs away.

[0063] like Figures 3-5 As shown, each of the multiple pressure relief strips 5 has a through-hole 17 on one top side that communicates with the inside of the pressure relief channel, and the discharge pipe 10 has multiple connection ports 11 on the bottom side that engage with the through-hole 17.

[0064] In this embodiment, the thermal runaway gas collected in the pressure relief channels of each pressure relief strip 5 flows along the pressure relief channels to the end of the pressure relief strip 5, and then enters the connection port 11 on the bottom side of the discharge pipe 10 through the through port 17. The gas entering through each connection port 11 converges in the discharge pipe 10 and is discharged uniformly to the outside of the battery pack housing 1 from one end of the discharge pipe 10. In this structure, the snap-fit ​​connection between the through port 17 and the connection port 11 connects the exhaust paths of multiple pressure relief strips 5 to the same discharge pipe 10. The gas in each pressure relief strip 5 enters the discharge pipe 10 independently and is discharged in a concentrated manner, avoiding the increase in the number of housing openings and the complexity of the sealing structure caused by opening an external discharge interface for each pressure relief strip 5 separately.

[0065] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the fire extinguishing protection unit 8 consists of a storage tank and a release valve installed on the end of the storage tank. The end of the release valve passes through the protective cover 7 and is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating disk 23.

[0066] In this embodiment, when the detection unit detects abnormal data, the release valve opens, and the extinguishing material in the storage tank enters the spray chamber of the rotating disk 23 through the release valve outlet. It is then sprayed out through the spray holes 24 on the side of the rotating disk 23. During the rotation of the rotating disk 23 around its axis driven by the jet recoil force, the rotatable connection structure between the end of the release valve and the top of the rotating disk 23 allows the rotating disk 23 to rotate freely relative to the fixed end of the release valve, while maintaining the sealed connection of the extinguishing material delivery channel. In this structure, the storage tank and the release valve constitute a replaceable extinguishing material storage and release unit, and the rotatable connection between the end of the release valve and the rotating disk 23 achieves dynamic sealed transmission of the extinguishing agent between the rotating and stationary components.

[0067] The detection unit includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor installed in the storage tank 19. The pressure sensor and temperature sensor are used to detect temperature data and pressure data in the storage tank 19.

[0068] In this embodiment, a pressure sensor is used to detect the air pressure value in the storage tank 19 and output pressure data, and a temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature value in the storage tank 19 and output temperature data. The pressure sensor and temperature sensor are electrically connected to the control terminal of the release valve of the battery management system or the fire extinguishing protection unit 8 via signal lines. When the air pressure value detected by the pressure sensor exceeds a preset pressure threshold, or the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor exceeds a preset temperature threshold, the release valve receives a trigger signal and opens, allowing the fire extinguishing material in the fire extinguishing material storage tank to enter the spray assembly through the release valve output terminal.

[0069] The usage process of this invention is as follows: During assembly, multiple pressure relief strips 5 are embedded parallel to each other into the positioning grooves on the bottom wall of the placement slot 2 and fixed with screws. The bottom sides of the storage block 6 are overlapped with the adjacent top surfaces of two adjacent pressure relief strips 5 and fixed with bolts. The top end of the connecting pipe 9 is inserted into the connecting hole 25 on the bottom wall of the storage slot 19, and the limiting ring 12 abuts against the bottom wall of the storage slot 19. The battery body 21 is placed in the storage slot 19, and the bottom end of the battery body 21 is supported on the top end of the support column 26. The protective cover 7 is pressed onto the opening end face of the storage slot 19 by the sealing ring and fixed with screws. The fire extinguishing protection unit 8 is installed on the top end of the protective cover 7, and the end of the release valve passes through the protective cover 7 and is rotatably connected to the top end of the rotating disk 23. The signal lines of the pressure sensor and temperature sensor are connected to the battery management system or the control end of the release valve. The connection port 11 of the discharge pipe 10 is engaged with the through port 17 of each pressure relief strip 5, and the vent end of the discharge pipe 10 is connected to the external exhaust channel of the battery pack housing 1. Finally, the cover plate 3 is installed at the opening position of the placement slot 2 and fixed with bolts.

[0070] During battery pack operation, the detection units within each storage block 6 monitor the air pressure and temperature data within the storage tank 19 in real time. When any storage tank 19 experiences abnormal data, the corresponding fire extinguishing protection unit 8 of that storage block 6 is independently triggered, executing a coordinated protective action of rotating spray cooling of extinguishing material and unidirectional gas discharge. Other untriggered storage blocks 6 remain in their original state, and the modules do not interfere with each other. When the extinguishing agent of the fire extinguishing protection unit 8 of a single storage block 6 is exhausted or the storage block 6 is damaged, the cover plate 3 is removed, the connecting bolts between the corresponding storage block 6 and the pressure relief strip 5 are loosened, and the entire storage block 6 is removed from the pressure relief strip 5 for replacement, achieving modular replacement and maintenance.

[0071] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular, spliced ​​battery pack protective housing assembly, comprising a battery pack housing (1) with a placement groove (2) at its top, a cover plate (3) installed at the opening of the placement groove (2), and a protective mechanism disposed within the placement groove (2), characterized in that, The protective mechanism includes multiple pressure relief strips (5) installed parallel to each other on the bottom wall of the placement slot (2), storage blocks (6) installed on the adjacent top sides of two adjacent pressure relief strips (5), a protective cover (7) set at the top of the storage block (6) with an opening of the storage slot (19), a fire extinguishing protection unit (8) set on the top end face of the protective cover (7), a spray assembly installed on the bottom end face of the protective cover (7) and connected to the output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit (8), and a detection unit installed in the storage slot (19). The storage slot (19) is used to place the battery body (21), and the inner wall of the storage slot (19) is provided with a pressure relief flow channel. When one or more detection units detect abnormal data, the corresponding fire protection unit (8) on the storage block (6) is triggered. The fire extinguishing material is converted into a gaseous state and sprayed into the pressure relief channel in a rotating sweeping manner through the spray assembly. The gas is accelerated to be discharged to the outside of the battery pack housing (1) through the pressure relief channel and pressure relief strip (5), while cooling and heat dissipating the battery body (21) inside the storage block (6).

2. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom end face of the protective cover (7) is provided with a through groove (22). The spraying assembly includes a rotating disk (23) with its top end rotatably mounted on the center of the bottom wall of the through groove (22). The rotating disk (23) has a spraying chamber that communicates with the output end of the fire extinguishing protection unit (8). The side of the rotating disk (23) has multiple spraying holes (24) that communicate with the spraying chamber in a circular array. The opening direction of the spraying holes (24) is deviated from the axis direction of the rotating disk (23).

3. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening direction of the injection hole (24) is at an angle to the radial direction of the rotating disk (23), and the angle ranges from 15° to 75°.

4. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressure relief channel consists of multiple first pressure relief grooves (20) opened vertically on the inner wall of the storage tank (19) and a connecting hole (25) opened on the bottom wall of the storage tank (19) above the pressure relief strip (5). Multiple support columns (26) are fixedly installed on the bottom wall of the storage tank (19).

5. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The storage tank (19) is provided with a partition (27) that divides the storage tank (19) into two storage battery bodies (21) spaces. Multiple second pressure relief grooves (28) are provided vertically on the symmetrical end faces of the partition (27).

6. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective mechanism also includes a connecting assembly connecting the storage block (6) and the pressure relief strip (5). The connecting assembly includes a connecting pipe (9) installed on the top side of the pressure relief strip (5) and communicating with the inside of the pressure relief channel, a limiting ring (12) fixedly installed on the middle of the connecting pipe (9), a sealing ring (13) set at the top opening of the connecting pipe (9), a sealing disc (14) fitted to the bottom end face of the sealing ring (13), a support rod (15) set parallel to the bottom of the sealing ring (13) and installed on the inner wall of the connecting pipe (9), and a limiting spring (16) passing through the connecting pipe (9) and connected at both ends to the opposite faces of the sealing disc (14) and the support rod (15). The top of the connecting pipe (9) matches the connecting hole (25). The pressure relief strip (5) has a pressure relief channel inside, and the pressure relief channel is connected to the outside of the battery pack housing (1) through the discharge pipe (10).

7. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: Each of the multiple pressure relief strips (5) has a through-hole (17) on the top side of one end that communicates with the inside of the pressure relief channel, and the bottom side of the discharge pipe (10) has multiple connection ports (11) that engage with the through-hole (17).

8. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: A bearing is provided between the bottom end face of the rotating disk (23) and the protective cover (7), and the rotating disk (23) rotates relative to the protective cover (7) around the axis of the rotating disk (23) through the bearing.

9. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire protection unit (8) consists of a storage tank and a release valve installed on the end of the storage tank. The end of the release valve passes through the protective cover (7) and is rotatably connected to the top of the rotating disk (23).

10. The modular splicing battery pack protective housing assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection unit includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor installed in the storage tank (19), which are used to detect temperature and pressure data in the storage tank (19).

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