Integrated soilless culture substrate and its matching biochemical induction activation method

Abstract

This invention provides an integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its supporting root-cutting biochemical induction and activation method. The substrate is a dry granular complex containing an organic framework matrix, mineral synergists, and plant-derived active components. The pores of the particles contain dormant microbial cells and organic acid salts generated by the fermentation and transformation of acid-producing microorganisms. This substrate extracts plant active ingredients and chelates mineral elements through in-situ fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. When used, only watering is needed to activate the remaining microbial cells, achieving a combination of self-slow-release nutrition and antibacterial and antiseptic properties. The supporting method includes: after cutting the roots and removing the soil, soaking the roots in the water-soaking solution of the substrate, using lactic acid to acidify and seal the wounds, osmotic pressure gradient to drive nutrient pre-storage, and mechanical and chemical stress to synergistically induce dormancy, and then activating them after cold shock treatment at 0-8℃. This invention can shorten the cold shock time by 50%-80%, and new roots will sprout 3-7 days after removal from storage. It is suitable for soilless cultivation and factory seedling production of various high-value crops such as blueberries, dendrobium, bayberries, rice, and soybeans.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of soilless cultivation and plant physiological regulation technology, specifically to an integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its supporting root-cutting biochemical induction and activation method. Background Technology

[0002] High-value economic crops such as blueberries and dendrobiums generally suffer from slow root development, low survival rates, and long growth cycles during seedling propagation and transplanting. Especially in soilless cultivation or factory-scale seedling production, how to achieve the integrated functions of "water absorption, aeration, nutrition, and anti-corrosion" of the substrate, and effectively regulate the dormancy and activation rhythms of plants, has been a long-standing technical challenge in this field.

[0003] Currently, commonly used substrates in hydroponics include perlite, vermiculite, coconut coir, and rock wool. While these inert substrates offer some aeration and water retention, they lack organic carbon sources and active nutrients, failing to provide sustained growth momentum for plant roots. This often necessitates frequent application of chemical nutrient solutions to maintain plant growth. However, chemical nutrient solutions exhibit significant concentration fluctuations and weak buffering capacity, easily leading to root damage or nutrient imbalances. Furthermore, long-term use of chemical fertilizers increases production costs and environmental pressures.

[0004] Traditional methods for regulating plant dormancy and vernalization mainly rely on prolonged periods of low temperature (0℃~5℃) to induce flower bud differentiation and break dormancy. This method is time-consuming and energy-intensive, and for varieties with high chilling requirements (such as blueberries and peonies), effective vernalization is difficult to achieve in warmer southern regions or in protected agriculture. In recent years, although some studies have attempted to use mechanical damage or exogenous hormones (such as gibberellin and abscisic acid) to replace low-temperature treatment, these often result in excessive stress or hormone residues that negatively impact normal plant growth, even leading to root rot or seedling death.

[0005] Furthermore, during seedling transplantation, root pruning is often necessary to stimulate new root growth. However, bare roots exposed to air after pruning are prone to moisture evaporation and wound infection, and current technology lacks effective immediate protection measures. Even with chemical fungicides or rooting powder soaking, problems such as short-lasting efficacy, poor penetration, and the development of drug resistance exist, making it difficult to achieve rapid wound healing and nutrient pre-reservation after root pruning.

[0006] In summary, existing soilless cultivation substrates, low-temperature vernalization technology, and root-cutting treatment methods each have significant shortcomings, failing to form a comprehensive solution integrating physical support, slow-release nutrients, biological control, and physiological regulation. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field to develop an integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its corresponding activation method that combines structural stability, self-slow-release nutrient function, and the ability to regulate plant activation after root cutting, in order to achieve efficient, low-cost, and year-round production of high-value economic crops. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its accompanying root-cutting biochemical induction and activation method. The substrate is a dry granular composite material, composed of an organic framework matrix (selected from lignified plant stems, gramineous straw, or coniferous debris), mineral synergists (selected from silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, or bio-derived minerals), and plant-derived active components (selected from leguminous plant residues, succulent plant stems and leaves, or spice plant debris). The substrate particles contain dormant microbial cells and organic acid salts generated through fermentation and transformation by acid-producing microorganisms. This substrate is prepared through lactic acid fermentation, in-situ extraction, and low-temperature drying. During use, only watering is required to activate the remaining lactic acid bacteria, continuously acidifying and decomposing minerals and releasing lactate and allelochemicals, achieving integrated self-slow-release nutrition and antibacterial and preservative effects.

[0008] Based on this, the present invention also provides a complementary root-cutting biochemical induction activation method: after mechanically cutting the plant roots, the roots are immediately soaked in the aqueous solution of the aforementioned substrate. Lactic acid is used to acidify and seal the wounds, osmotic pressure gradient-driven nutrient pre-storage, and lactic acid provides physiological support as a carbon source. Combined with low-temperature cold shock treatment at 0℃~8℃, the synergistic effect of physical and chemical stress significantly shortens the required cooling time for the plant, rapidly activating root growth after removal from storage. This invention integrates physical support, self-slow-release nutrients, biological control, and precise regulation of plant physiological rhythms, making it particularly suitable for soilless cultivation and factory seedling production of high-value economic crops such as blueberries and dendrobium.

[0009] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an integrated soilless cultivation substrate, wherein the substrate is a dry granular complex comprising an organic framework matrix, a mineral synergist and plant-derived active components; The organic framework matrix is ​​selected from one or more of lignified plant stems, grass straw or coniferous plant fragments, and mixed in any proportion; The mineral synergist is selected from one or more of silicate minerals, carbonate minerals or bio-derived minerals, and is mixed in any proportion. The plant-derived active components are selected from one or more of the following: legume plant residues, succulent plant stems and leaves, or spice plant fragments, and are mixed in any proportion. The pores of the base material contain dormant lactic acid bacteria and lactate produced by lactic acid fermentation.

[0010] In the base material and supporting methods of this invention, lactic acid plays an irreplaceable multiple role. Lactic acid can bind with plant sap proteins flowing from the root cutting wound, rapidly forming a very thin acidified biofilm (pH 4-5) on the surface of the bare root cut. This acidic film serves as a physical barrier for pathogens and can also instantly coagulate the wound, reducing nutrient loss. The low pH environment, as a chemical stress signal, works synergistically with the mechanical stress generated by root cutting to transmit a "deteriorating environment" signal to the plant's central nervous system, forcing metabolic stagnation at the growth point and the accumulation of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and proline, thereby inducing the plant to enter a deep dormancy state, significantly enhancing the expression of cold-resistant proteins, and simulating the physiological effects of deep winter in an environment not lower than 0°C. As a small-molecule organic acid, lactic acid can be absorbed and stored by root cells through non-active transport during the low-temperature dormancy period. When the plant is released from storage and warmed up to awaken it, this pre-stored lactic acid directly enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), providing carbon source energy for explosive root growth and achieving a rapid activation effect of "growth immediately upon release from storage".

[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the organic framework matrix is ​​5-15 mm, accounting for 30%-60% of the dry weight of the matrix.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the mineral synergist is 1-5 mm, accounting for 1%-15% of the dry weight of the base material.

[0013] Preferably, the plant-derived active components account for 30% to 60% of the dry weight of the substrate.

[0014] Preferably, the organic framework matrix is ​​selected from one or more of poplar bark, pine needles, corn stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane stalks, and rice husks, mixed in any proportion; the mineral synergist is selected from one or more of maifanite, dolomite, bluestone, and shell powder, mixed in any proportion.

[0015] The aforementioned preferred materials are not simply fillers, but are designed based on a synergistic mechanism integrating physical support, carbon source supply, mineral slow release, and micro-ecological driving. In the organic framework matrix, poplar bark is tough and contains salicylic acid, which not only constructs a durable large-pore oxygen channel, but also endows the substrate with natural anti-corrosion and immune-activating functions; pine needles provide an acidic environment and polyphenols to regulate the rhizosphere pH; corn stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane stalks, and rice husks, due to the presence of medullary cavities or siliceous cells in their fiber structure, can not only adsorb and lock in the active ingredients in lactic acid fermentation liquid, but also slowly release small-molecule carbon and nitrogen sources when watering, becoming a continuous energy source for roots and beneficial bacteria. Among the mineral synergists, maifanite possesses a porous structure and cation exchange capacity, enabling it to adsorb heavy metals and release over 50 trace elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and manganese under acidic conditions. Dolomite and bluestone are rich in calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate, which react with lactic acid to produce calcium lactate and magnesium lactate, strengthening the cell walls of root wounds and providing magnesium ions for chlorophyll synthesis. In addition to providing active calcium, shell powder contains conchoidal sclerosing proteins and chitin precursors that can be metabolized by lactic acid bacteria to form chitosan analogs, creating an auxiliary protective film on the root surface. More importantly, the coarse-particle-designed mineral synergists (1-5 mm) and the organic framework (5-15 mm) form a hierarchical structure of "large pores surrounding small pores": lactic acid only erodes the surface of the mineral particles, generating an active lactate film, while the particle core remains intact, serving as a long-lasting pH buffer and mineral reserve. When the dry substrate is irrigated with water, the remaining dormant lactic acid bacteria are activated, continuing to metabolize the residual sugars and proteins in the organic skeleton, producing fresh lactic acid, continuously dissolving trace amounts on the surface of mineral particles, releasing lactate and trace elements, thus achieving a self-circulating nutrient supply, so that no additional topdressing is needed during the cultivation cycle of several months or even longer.

[0016] Preferably, the plant-derived active components include: legume residues selected from alfalfa and bean roots, or two or more of these selected in any proportion; succulent plant stems and leaves selected from cactus, aloe vera, and dragon fruit stems, or two or more of these selected in any proportion; and spice plant fragments selected from lemongrass, cinnamon, knotweed, and star anise, or two or more of these selected in any proportion.

[0017] Spicy plants, such as cinnamon, lemongrass, cloves, star anise, ginger, Sichuan pepper, and rosemary, are rich in volatile essential oils and pungent compounds, including cinnamaldehyde, citronellal, eugenol, anethole, gingerol, sanshool, and rosmarinic acid. These compounds work synergistically: they form a low-concentration antibacterial layer within the cultivation container, effectively killing airborne pathogens such as gray mold and Fusarium, preventing bare-root mold growth in the high-humidity environment of cold storage; gingerol and sanshool stimulate the root vascular bundles to produce heat shock proteins and activate calcium ion channels, generating micro-stress signals similar to electric shocks, which, in conjunction with the mechanical stress of root cutting, force the plant into deep dormancy earlier, effectively compensating for the chilling required for vernalization; anethole acts as a natural adjuvant, helping lactic acid and other active ingredients quickly penetrate the micro-cracks in the cut roots; and rosmarinic acid protects the bare-root cell membranes from lipid peroxidation damage at low temperatures.

[0018] Succulent plants, such as cacti, aloe vera, dragon fruit stems, okra, and dendrobium, are rich in high-molecular-weight mucilages, including plant polysaccharides, acetylated mannan, pectin, glycoproteins, and dendrobium polysaccharides. In the acidic environment (pH 4-5) created by lactic acid fermentation, these components undergo cross-linking reactions, forming a dense and elastic hydrogel film that tightly coats the bare root surface, significantly reducing water evaporation and preventing physiological drought after soil removal. Specifically, aloin in aloe vera accelerates the lignification repair of cell walls at the root cutting site, promoting wound callus formation; okra glycoproteins increase the thickness and retention time of the medicinal solution on the wall; and dendrobium polysaccharides maintain good fluidity and toughness at low temperatures.

[0019] Inducing plants, such as alfalfa, willow bark, seaweed, marigolds, and coriander, contain natural hormone precursors or signaling molecules. Triacontanol in alfalfa is a potent growth promoter, significantly improving germination uniformity and photosynthetic rate; salicylic acid in willow bark activates systemic acquired resistance in plants, providing pre-immunity against diseases; cytokinins and alginic acid in seaweed efficiently induce lateral root germination after root pruning, expanding the absorption area; thiophene compounds in marigolds possess both growth-inducing and root-bound nematode-killing purification functions; and phytosterols and volatile oils in coriander weakly activate endogenous gibberellin sensitivity. After being taken out of storage and warmed up, these pre-stored hormone precursors work synergistically with lactate (a carbon source), enabling explosive root growth without a long acclimatization period, achieving rapid year-round production.

[0020] Lactic acid, as a natural polar solvent, selectively extracts active ingredients such as essential oils, polysaccharides, and hormone precursors from various components, transforming them into highly biocompatible small-molecule lactates and allelochemicals. The three groups of materials work in a functional relay across three stages: post-root cutting, cold shock, and post-harvest awakening. The antibacterial and dormancy-inducing group is responsible for immediate wound sterilization and dormancy induction; the film-forming protection group provides physical water retention and low-temperature protection during cold shock; and the growth-inducing group provides energy and triggers root growth after post-harvest, collectively achieving the technical effect of "no wilting after root cutting, no frost damage during cold shock, and immediate growth after post-harvest."

[0021] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing an integrated soilless culture substrate, comprising the following steps: mixing an organic framework matrix, dormant probiotics and their fermentation metabolic functional products, and plant-derived active components in a uniform ratio; spraying lactic acid fermentation liquid onto the resulting mixture, controlling the moisture content to 50%~65%, or soaking the surface with fermentation liquid, and then sealing and piling the mixture at 25℃~45℃ for 24~96 hours; draining the liquid from the mixture after fermentation by acid-producing microorganisms, and then drying it with circulating air at a temperature below 45℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%, thereby obtaining the integrated soilless culture substrate.

[0022] After the substrate dries, lactic acid bacteria exist in the pores of the particles in dormant or spore form. Upon watering, these dormant bacteria are reactivated, continuing to metabolize residual sugars and produce fresh organic acids. These organic acids continuously dissolve trace amounts of elements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus in the mineral enhancer, converting them into lactate salts, thus automatically replenishing the plant's roots with minerals. Simultaneously, the volatile essential oils released from the spice plant fragments form a protective vapor layer, effectively inhibiting root rot and fungus gnats.

[0023] Thirdly, the present invention provides a method for root cutting biochemical induction and activation of an integrated soilless cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps: S1: The roots of the target plant are mechanically cut off and the soil attached to the root zone is removed to obtain bare-root plants. S2: Immerse the roots of the bare-root plants obtained in S1 in a fermentation extract; the fermentation extract is the soaking solution or its dilution obtained by mixing the integrated soilless cultivation substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 with water at a mass-volume ratio of 1:5 to 1:10. S3: Place the soaked plants in a low-temperature environment of 0℃~8℃ for cold shock treatment. After the cold shock is over, transfer the plants to a suitable growing environment and water them to wake them up.

[0024] Preferably, the mechanical cutting process in S1 includes cutting off 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the length of the main root tip, or making a cut on the lateral roots, and performing the soaking operation in S2 within 30 minutes after the root cutting.

[0025] Preferably, the osmotic pressure of the fermentation extract is 5% to 15% higher than that of the intracellular fluid in the plant root system, the pH value is 3.8 to 5.0, and the effective lactic acid concentration is 5 to 20 g / L.

[0026] Preferably, the acid-producing microorganism is selected from the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus). Lactobacillus Streptococcus ( Streptococcus ), Yeast ( SaccharomycesOne or more of the following: the organic acid includes at least one of lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; the organic acid salt is selected from organic acid salts generated by the reaction of the above organic acids with the mineral synergist, preferably lactate salts.

[0027] The acid-producing microorganisms described in this invention are not limited to a single species, but rather construct a multidimensional acid base through the synergistic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria (lactobacter, streptococcus) and yeast. Lactobacillus and Streptococcus are mainly responsible for efficiently producing lactic acid and acetic acid, providing the rapid low-pH environment required for wound acidification and sealing. During fermentation, yeast can not only secrete organic acids such as citric acid, malic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, or intermediate products of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), but its metabolites can also accumulate rich B vitamins and amino acids, providing multiple triggers for root awakening. The coexistence of multiple organic acids (lactic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.) achieves differentiated acidolysis of different lattice metal ions in mineral synergists (dolomite, bluestone, maifanite, shell powder), forming a graded nutrient slow-release matrix composed of fast-acting organic acid salts (such as calcium lactate and potassium malate) and slow-acting organic acid salts (such as magnesium propionate and calcium butyrate). This not only protects the root wounds but also maintains the pH stability and energy relay of the rhizosphere microecology during the months-long growth period.

[0028] In summary, this invention utilizes in-situ lactic acid bacteria fermentation to deeply couple an organic framework, mineral synergists, and plant-derived active components, forming an intelligent active scaffold with self-slow-release nutrition, self-repairing microecology, and self-regulating plant physiological rhythms. It includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This invention utilizes lactic acid bacteria to perform in-situ fermentation and transformation of the organic framework matrix, mineral synergists, and plant-derived active components, locking nutrients within the pores of the particles. After drying, the lactic acid bacteria remain in a dormant form. During use, simply watering activates the remaining lactic acid bacteria, which continuously produce acid and slightly dissolve mineral particles, releasing lactate and trace elements. Compared to traditional slow-release fertilizers and inert substrates that rely on chemical coatings, this invention's substrate requires no additional fertilization during cultivation periods lasting several months or even longer. It also effectively avoids the problems of secondary fermentation burning roots and drastic fluctuations in EC values, significantly reducing labor management costs and the risk of fertilizer damage.

[0029] 2. This invention breaks through the traditional technical approach that relies on long-term low-temperature vernalization. It utilizes the mechanical stress generated by root cutting and the chemical stress in the fermentation extract to form a dual-channel stress input, synergistically inducing plants to enter deep dormancy earlier. By controlling the osmotic pressure of the fermentation broth in a slightly hypertonic range (5%–15% higher than that of the root intracellular fluid), controlling the pH value at 3.8–5.0, and maintaining the effective lactic acid concentration at 5–20 g / L, the physiological effects of deep winter can be simulated at an environment not lower than 0°C, allowing the plant's antifreeze proteins and endogenous abscisic acid to accumulate rapidly.

[0030] 3. This invention addresses the industry pain points of bare roots being prone to dehydration, infection, and slow recovery after root cutting. The succulent plant components in the fermentation extract form a dense hydrogel film in an acidic environment, tightly wrapping the surface of the bare roots and significantly reducing the rate of water evaporation. Simultaneously, components such as aloe vera accelerate the lignification and repair of wounds, providing immediate protection similar to "artificial skin." Meanwhile, lactic acid in the fermentation broth, acting as a small-molecule organic carbon source, is pre-absorbed and stored by root cells during the low-temperature dormancy period. Upon release and warming, it directly enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle, providing immediate energy support for explosive root growth. Combined with natural growth-inducing components such as triacontanol from alfalfa and cytokinins from seaweed, the germination time of new roots after removal from storage is advanced by 3-5 days, significantly improving the uniformity of germination and survival rate. This truly achieves year-round high-efficiency production with "no wilting after root cutting, no frost damage during cold shock, and immediate growth after removal from storage." Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by anyone under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] I. Raw material selection and proportioning: The integrated soilless cultivation substrate of the present invention is a dry granular complex, the core components of which include: an organic framework matrix, a mineral synergist, and plant-derived active components.

[0033] The organic framework matrix is ​​selected from one or more of lignified plant stems, gramineous plant straw, or coniferous plant fragments, mixed in any proportion. Preferably, the organic framework matrix is ​​selected from one or more of poplar bark, pine needles, corn stalks, sorghum stalks, sugarcane stalks, and rice husks, mixed in any proportion. The particle size of the organic framework matrix is ​​preferably 5-15 mm, accounting for 30%-60% of the dry weight of the substrate.

[0034] The mineral synergist is selected from one or more of silicate minerals, carbonate minerals, or bio-derived minerals, mixed in any proportion. Preferably, the mineral synergist is selected from one or more of maifanite, dolomite, bluestone, and shell powder, mixed in any proportion. The particle size of the mineral synergist is preferably 1-5 mm, accounting for 1%-15% of the dry weight of the substrate (this can be adjusted to 0% for calcium-sensitive crops such as blueberries).

[0035] The plant-derived active components are selected from one or more of leguminous plant residues, succulent plant stems and leaves, or spice plant fragments, mixed in any proportion. Preferably, the leguminous plant residues are selected from one or more of alfalfa and bean roots; the succulent plant stems and leaves are selected from one or more of cactus, aloe vera, dragon fruit stems, okra, and dendrobium; and the spice plant fragments are selected from one or more of lemongrass, cinnamon, knotweed, star anise, ginger, Sichuan pepper, and rosemary. The total plant-derived active components account for 30% to 60% of the dry weight of the substrate.

[0036] For different crops, the above components can be adapted. For example, calcium-containing mineral synergists should be avoided in blueberry-specific substrates, and the proportion of pine needles should be appropriately increased to maintain an acidic environment; rice-specific substrates can add rice husks as a silicon source; and dolomite and shell powder can be added to soybean-specific substrates to supplement calcium and magnesium.

[0037] II. Preparation process: The integrated soilless cultivation substrate of the present invention is prepared through the following steps: (1) Mixing: Weigh the organic framework matrix, mineral synergist and plant-derived active components according to the design ratio and mix them evenly.

[0038] (2) Lactic acid fermentation impregnation: Spray lactic acid fermentation liquid (preferably liquid obtained by lactic acid bacteria fermentation of lactic acid permeate, with an effective lactic acid concentration of 5~20 g / L) onto the mixture, control the moisture content of the mixture to 50%~65%, and store it in a sealed container at 30℃~35℃ for 24~48 hours. During this process, lactic acid bacteria proliferate and metabolize, and the lactic acid produced acts as a natural polar solvent to extract allelochemicals such as essential oils, polysaccharides, and hormone precursors from plant-derived active components in situ. At the same time, lactic acid reacts with the surface of mineral synergists to generate lactates (calcium lactate, potassium lactate, magnesium lactate, phosphorus lactate, etc.).

[0039] (3) Low-temperature drying: The fermented mixture is dried with circulating air at a temperature below 45°C until the moisture content is ≤15%. After drying, the lactic acid bacteria enter a dormant state and exist in the pores of the substrate particles in the form of spores or dormant bodies. At the same time, lactate and allelochemicals are locked in the micropores of the organic framework, thus obtaining the integrated soilless cultivation substrate.

[0040] III. Supporting root-cutting biochemical induction and activation methods: The present invention also provides a method for root cutting biochemical induction and activation using the above-mentioned integrated soilless cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps: The roots of the target plant are mechanically cut off, and the soil attached to the root zone is removed to obtain bare-root plants. The mechanical cutting process includes, but is not limited to, removing 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the length of the taproot tip, or making irregular cuts on the lateral roots. Subsequent soaking operations should preferably be performed within 30 minutes after root cutting to prevent the wounds from drying or becoming infected.

[0041] Mix the above-mentioned integrated soilless cultivation substrate with water at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:5 to 1:10 (i.e., add 5 to 10 L of water to 1 kg of substrate), soak at room temperature for 30 to 60 minutes, filter or directly collect the supernatant to obtain the fermentation extract. Alternatively, the yeast extract before drying in the substrate preparation process can be used directly, diluted to the same concentration.

[0042] The roots of the bare-root plants after root cutting are immersed in the above-mentioned fermented extract for at least 30 minutes. During this process, lactate, allelochemicals, and probiotic metabolites in the fermented extract enter the vascular bundles of the roots through osmotic pressure difference, while polysaccharides form a protective film on the root surface.

[0043] After soaking, the plants are placed in a low-temperature environment of 0℃~8℃ for cold shock treatment. The treatment time depends on the crop variety and the required chilling amount, usually 50%~80% of the time required for conventional low-temperature vernalization. After the cold shock treatment, the plants are transferred to a suitable growing environment (generally 18℃~25℃, normal light and humidity), and thoroughly watered to awaken the plants. Because the roots have pre-stored lactate and carbon source energy, the plants can sprout new roots within 3~5 days after removal from storage, achieving rapid growth.

[0044] IV. Explanation of the Mathematical Model: Mathematical model of osmotic pressure and cooling gain: (1) Calculation of osmotic pressure of fermentation broth

[0045] in, This represents the ion concentration (mol / L) of lactate (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, etc.). The concentration (mol / L) of polysaccharides and prebiotics extracted through fermentation. This represents the number of dissociated ions (2 for lactate). The non-ideal permeability coefficient of polysaccharides is 0.8~1.2. The total permeability coefficient (approximately 0.93 at pH 4-5). The ideal gas constant is 0.0821 L·atm·mol⁻¹. -1 ·K -1 ), It is the absolute temperature (approximately 277.15 K under cold shock conditions).

[0046] (2) Model of the contribution of osmotic pressure to stress compensation

[0047] in, This is the ratio of the osmotic pressure of the fermentation broth to the initial osmotic pressure of the intracellular fluid in the root system. The response weighting coefficient (calibrated experimentally). When this ratio is between 1.05 and 1.15 (i.e., the 5% to 15% slightly hyperpermeable range), With a positive value and significant gain, the saturation effect perceived by the organism is simulated by a logarithmic function, thus avoiding hyperosmolar damage.

[0048] (3) Total equivalent cooling gain model The physical and mechanical energy (root cutting and vibration), biochemical concentration, and environmental pH are integrated into a comprehensive compensation formula:

[0049] in, The mechanical stress sensitivity coefficient, ( Vibration frequency, amplitude, time), For standard reference mechanical energy; Using the Michaelis equations, The effective concentration of the allelochemical component. It is the saturation constant. This represents the maximum potential gain. , This is the acid stress gain coefficient; This is the mineral gain coefficient. The efficiency of lactic acid chelating mineral elements (normalized from 0 to 1) represents the ability of the root system to actively store lactate and trace elements through the osmotic pressure gradient.

[0050] (4) Compensation for required cooling time

[0051] in This represents the standard low-temperature vernalization time required for the untreated control. The formula indicates that the stronger the mechanical stress, the better the biochemical concentration, the closer the pH is to the target value, and the more abundant the mineral reserves, the shorter the actual required cold shock time.

[0052] V. Optimal Parameter Range The various technical features of the present invention can achieve the expected technical effects within the following parameter ranges, and the particularly preferred parameter combinations are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Optimal Parameter Combinations

[0053] Specific experimental steps or conditions are not specified in the examples; however, they can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps or conditions described in the prior art. Reagents and other instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available conventional reagent products.

[0054] Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of this specification.

[0055] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0056] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0057] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand this application, the following embodiments are provided to illustrate in detail an integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its supporting root-cutting biochemical induction and activation method.

[0058] Example Example 1: Rice-specific integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its root-cutting activation method The base material proportions (dry weight %) are shown in Table 2: Table 2. Mixing ratio of soilless cultivation substrate for rice.

[0059] Mix the above components evenly according to the specified ratio, and crush them into non-uniform particles of 5-10 mm. Spray the mixture with lactic acid fermentation broth (effective lactic acid concentration 12 g / L), control the moisture content to 60%, and store in a sealed container at 32℃ for 42 hours. After bioconversion is completed, dry the mixture with circulating air at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, thus obtaining the integrated soilless cultivation substrate for rice.

[0060] Select rice seedlings (15-20 cm tall), remove about half the length of the taproot tip, and remove the soil around the roots to obtain bare-root plants. Mix the above-mentioned substrate with water at a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:8, soak at room temperature for 40 minutes, and filter to obtain a fermentation extract. Immerse the bare-root rice plants in this extract for 1 hour, then remove them and place them in a 5℃ cold storage for 15 days of cold shock treatment (conventional vernalization requires 30 days). After the cold shock, transfer the rice plants to a 25℃ greenhouse and water them thoroughly to awaken them.

[0061] The rice plants treated in the above manner showed new root growth 3 days after being removed from storage, the tillering uniformity increased by 30%, and the survival rate of the seedlings after transplanting reached over 98%, shortening the seedling cycle by about 40% compared to conventional methods.

[0062] Example 2: Soybean-specific integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its root-cutting activation method The base material proportions (dry weight %) are shown in Table 3: Table 3. Soybean-specific integrated soilless cultivation substrate ratio

[0063] Mix all components thoroughly according to the specified ratio and pulverize into non-uniform particles of 5-10 mm. Spray the mixture with a lactic acid fermentation broth (containing cinnamon powder for co-fermentation, with an effective lactic acid concentration of 12 g / L), control the moisture content to 60%, and store in a sealed container at 32℃ for 32 hours. After biotransformation, dry the mixture at 40℃ with circulating air until the moisture content is ≤12%, thus obtaining the integrated soilless cultivation substrate specifically for soybeans.

[0064] Select soybean seedlings (with the first pair of true leaves unfolded), remove about 1 / 3 of the length of the taproot tip, and remove the soil around the roots to obtain bare-root plants. Mix the substrate with water at a ratio of 1:8, soak at room temperature for 40 minutes, and filter to obtain a fermentation extract. Immerse the bare soybean roots (after root cutting) in the extract for 1.5 hours, then remove and place in a 5℃ cold storage for 12 days of cold shock treatment (conventional vernalization requires 25 days). After the cold shock, transfer the plants to a 22℃ greenhouse and water thoroughly to awaken them.

[0065] The treated soybean plants showed obvious lateral root sprouting 4 days after leaving the warehouse, the number of root nodules increased by 50%, the fullness of pods during the flowering period improved, the lodging resistance was significantly enhanced, and the yield increased by about 20% compared with conventional planting.

[0066] Example 3: Blueberry-specific integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its root-cutting activation method The base material proportions (dry weight %) are shown in Table 4: Table 4. Blueberry-specific integrated hydroponics substrate ratio

[0067] Mix all the above components evenly according to the specified ratio, and crush them into non-uniform particles of 5-10 mm. Spray the mixture with a high concentration of lactic acid fermentation broth (effective lactic acid concentration 20 g / L), control the moisture content to 60%, and store in a sealed container at 32℃ for 30 hours. After bioconversion is complete, add sulfur powder to adjust the pH to 4.0-4.5, and then dry it with circulating air at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, thus obtaining the integrated soilless cultivation substrate for blueberries.

[0068] Select blueberry tissue culture seedlings or cuttings (root length 5-8 cm), cut off the last 1 / 3 of the root length, and remove the soil attached to the roots to obtain bare-root plants. Mix the substrate with water at a ratio of 1:10 (the concentration should be slightly lower due to the fragility of blueberry roots), soak at room temperature for 30 minutes, and filter to obtain a fermentation extract (pH approximately 4.0, lactic acid concentration approximately 18 g / L). Immerse the cut blueberry bare roots in the extract for 30 minutes (do not overdo it), then remove and place in a 3℃ cold storage for 18 days of cold shock treatment (conventional vernalization requires 35 days). After the cold shock, transfer the plants to a greenhouse at 20℃ and 80% humidity, and water thoroughly to awaken them.

[0069] The treated blueberry plants showed white new root growth within 5 days of being removed from storage, with root vitality increasing by 60% compared to the control group. The leaves did not turn yellow, and the transplant survival rate reached over 95%. Furthermore, no additional acidic fertilizer was required throughout the entire cultivation cycle.

[0070] Example 4: Dendrobium-specific integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its root-cutting activation method The base material proportions (dry weight %) are shown in Table 5: Table 5. Proportioning of Soilless Culture Substrate for Dendrobium Species

[0071] Mix all components evenly according to the formula and crush them into non-uniform particles of 5-10 mm. Spray the mixture with lactic acid fermentation broth (effective lactic acid concentration 15 g / L), control the moisture content to 60%, and store in a sealed container at 32℃ for 36 hours. After biotransformation, dry the mixture with circulating air at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, thus obtaining the Dendrobium-specific integrated soilless cultivation substrate.

[0072] Dendrobium tissue culture seedlings (8-12 cm tall) were selected, and about 1 / 3 of the length of the aged root system was removed. The culture medium attached to the rhizosphere was removed to obtain bare-root plants. The substrate and water were mixed at a ratio of 1:8 and soaked at room temperature for 40 minutes, then filtered to obtain a fermentation extract. The bare roots of the Dendrobium were immersed in the extract for 1 hour (to enhance the membrane toughness using Dendrobium polysaccharides), then removed and placed in a 5℃ cold storage for 20 days of cold shock treatment (conventional vernalization requires 40 days). After the cold shock, the plants were transferred to a greenhouse at 22℃ and 85% humidity, thoroughly watered to awaken them, and covered with a moisturizing film for 3 days.

[0073] The treated Dendrobium plants sprouted new roots 5-7 days after being removed from storage. The root system was white and healthy. The number of new buds sprouting from the stem nodes increased by 50% compared with the control group. The transplant survival rate reached over 95%, and no root rot occurred throughout the entire growth period.

[0074] Example 5: Integrated Soilless Cultivation Substrate for Waxberry and its Root Cutting Activation Method The base material proportions (dry weight %) are shown in Table 6: Table 6. Proportioning of Integrated Soilless Cultivation Substrate for Yangmei (Chinese bayberry)

[0075] Mix all components evenly according to the formula and crush them into non-uniform particles of 5-10 mm. Spray the mixture with lactic acid fermentation broth (co-fermented with Polygonum hydropiper, effective lactic acid concentration 12 g / L), control the moisture content to 60%, and store in a sealed container at 32℃ for 40 hours. After biotransformation, dry with circulating air at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, thus obtaining the integrated soilless cultivation substrate specifically for bayberry.

[0076] Select one-year-old bayberry cuttings (root length 10-15 cm), cut off about half the length of the taproot tip, and remove the soil around the roots to obtain bare-root plants. Mix the substrate with water at a ratio of 1:6 (bayberry requires a stronger osmotic pressure), soak at room temperature for 40 minutes, and filter to obtain a fermentation extract (osmotic pressure ratio controlled at 1.12). Immerse the bare-root bayberry plants in the extract for 1.5 hours, then place them in a 4℃ cold storage for 25 days of cold shock treatment (conventional vernalization requires more than 50 days). After the cold shock, transfer the plants to a 23℃ greenhouse, water them thoroughly to awaken them, and maintain a high humidity environment for 7 days.

[0077] The treated bayberry plants developed callus tissue and sprouted new roots 7-10 days after being removed from storage. The number of roots increased by 80% compared to the control group, and the transplant survival rate increased from the conventional 60% to over 90%. Moreover, the common problems of gumming and rotting after root cutting were not observed.

[0078] Example 6: Peony-specific integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its root-cutting activation method The base material proportions (dry weight %) are shown in Table 7: Table 7. Proportioning of Soilless Culture Substrate for Peony Specific Integration

[0079] Mix all components evenly according to the formula and crush them into non-uniform particles of 5-10 mm. Spray the mixture with lactic acid fermentation broth (effective lactic acid concentration 12 g / L), control the moisture content to 60%, and store in a sealed container at 32℃ for 24 hours. After biotransformation, dry the mixture with circulating air at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤12%, thus obtaining the peony-specific integrated soilless cultivation substrate.

[0080] Select two-year-old bare-root peony seedlings (dormant period), cut off about 1 / 3 of the length of the aged root system, and remove the soil around the roots. Mix the substrate with water at a ratio of 1:8, soak at room temperature for 40 minutes, and filter to obtain the fermentation extract. Immerse the cut bare peony roots in the extract for 1 hour, then remove and place in a 3℃ cold storage for 30 days of cold shock treatment (normally more than 60 days are required). After the cold shock, transfer the plants to a 20℃ greenhouse, water thoroughly to awaken them, and then manage them normally.

[0081] The treated peony plants sprouted new roots within 10 days after being taken out of storage, with uniform budding and a 70% higher flower bud differentiation rate than the control group. They could also bloom normally in southern regions (where winters are warm), breaking geographical limitations and realizing the forcing cultivation of peonies in the south.

[0082] In summary, the core of this invention lies in constructing a systematic solution integrating an integrated functional substrate and a root-cutting biochemical induction activation method. The substrate, through in-situ fermentation with lactic acid bacteria, deeply couples the organic framework matrix, mineral synergists, and plant-derived active components, forming an intelligent active scaffold with self-slow-release nutrition and self-repairing microecological functions. The accompanying root-cutting biochemical induction activation method utilizes the acidification and sealing of wounds by lactic acid, nutrient pre-storage driven by osmotic pressure gradients, and the synergistic effect of root-cutting mechanical stress and low-pH chemical stress to simulate the physiological effects of deep winter at 0℃~8℃, significantly shortening the required cold shock time for plants (50%~80% shorter than traditional vernalization). This invention can be applied to various high-value crops such as blueberries, dendrobium, bayberries, peonies, and soybeans by adjusting the component ratios. After transplanting, the new root germination time is advanced by 3~7 days, the transplant survival rate reaches over 95%, and no additional fertilization is required throughout the entire cultivation cycle. This invention realizes a qualitative change from single-factor cooling to multi-physics field-biochemical coupling-induced transformation, converting agricultural planting into a calculable and predictable industrial reaction process, and providing a low-energy, high-efficiency, pesticide-free technical path for the industrialized and year-round production of high-value economic crops.

[0083] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0084] Although preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0086] The above provides a detailed description of an integrated soilless cultivation substrate and its supporting root-cutting biochemical induction and activation method provided in this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An integrated soilless cultivation substrate, characterized by, The base material is a dry granular complex containing an organic framework matrix, mineral synergists, and plant-derived active components. The organic framework matrix is ​​selected from one or more of lignified plant stems, grass straw or coniferous plant fragments, and mixed in any proportion; The mineral synergist is selected from one or more of silicate minerals, carbonate minerals or bio-derived minerals, and is mixed in any proportion. The plant-derived active components are selected from one or more of the following: legume plant residues, succulent plant stems and leaves, or spice plant fragments, and are mixed in any proportion. The pores of the base material contain dormant microbial bodies and organic acid salts generated by the fermentation and transformation of acid-producing microorganisms. The dormant microbial bodies and organic acid salts are generated in situ through fermentation of the organic framework matrix, mineral synergists, and plant-derived active components by acid-producing microorganisms.

2. The integrated soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein, The organic framework matrix has a particle size of 5-15 mm and accounts for 30%-60% of the dry weight of the matrix.

3. The integrated soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein, The particle size of the mineral synergist is 1-5 mm, accounting for 1%-15% of the dry weight of the base material.

4. The integrated soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein, The plant-derived active components account for 30% to 60% of the dry weight of the substrate.

5. The integrated soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein, The organic framework matrix is ​​selected from one or more of poplar wood, bark, and roots; pine wood, bark, roots, and needles; corn stalks; sorghum stalks; sugarcane stalks; and rice husks, mixed in any proportion; the mineral synergist is selected from one or more of maifanite, dolomite, bluestone, and shell powder, mixed in any proportion.

6. The integrated soilless culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein, The plant-derived active components include: legume residues selected from alfalfa and bean roots, or two or more of them mixed in any proportion; succulent plant stems and leaves selected from cactus, aloe vera, and dragon fruit stems, or two or more of them mixed in any proportion; and spice plant fragments selected from lemongrass, cinnamon, knotweed, and star anise, or two or more of them mixed in any proportion.

7. A method for preparing the integrated soilless cultivation substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: mixing the organic framework matrix, mineral synergist, and plant-derived active ingredients evenly according to the specified ratio; Spray the resulting mixture with acid-producing microbial fermentation liquid, control the moisture content to 50%~65%, or soak the surface with fermentation liquid, and then store it in a sealed container at 25℃~45℃ for 24~96 hours; after draining the liquid from the mixture after acid-producing microbial fermentation, dry it with circulating air at a temperature below 45℃ until the moisture content is ≤15%, thus obtaining the integrated soilless cultivation substrate.

8. A method for root cutting biochemical induction and activation using the integrated soilless cultivation substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The roots of the target plant are mechanically cut off and the soil attached to the root zone is removed to obtain bare-root plants. S2: Immerse the roots of the bare-root plants obtained in S1 in a fermentation extract; the fermentation extract is the soaking solution or its dilution obtained by mixing the integrated soilless cultivation substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 with water at a mass-volume ratio of 1:5 to 1:

10. S3: Place the soaked plants in a low-temperature environment of 0℃~8℃ for cold shock treatment. After the cold shock is over, transfer the plants to a suitable growing environment and water them to wake them up.

9. The method for root cutting biochemical induction and activation of the integrated soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mechanical cutting process in S1 includes cutting off 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the length of the main root tip, or making a cut on the lateral roots, and performing the soaking operation in S2 within 30 minutes after the root cutting.

10. The method for root cutting biochemical induction and activation of the integrated soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that, The osmotic pressure of the fermentation extract is 5% to 15% higher than that of the intracellular fluid in the plant root system, the pH value is 3.8 to 5.0, and the effective lactic acid concentration is 5 to 20 g / L.

11. The integrated soilless cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acid-producing microorganisms are selected from the genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus). Lactobacillus Streptococcus ( Streptococcus ), Yeast ( Saccharomyces One or more of the following: the organic acid includes at least one of lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid; the organic acid salt is selected from organic acid salts generated by the reaction of the above organic acids with the mineral synergist, preferably lactate salts.

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