Polishing mechanism and numerical control machine tool

Abstract

A grinding mechanism and a CNC machine tool are provided. The grinding mechanism includes multiple grinding units and a rotating mechanism. Each grinding unit includes a grinding head and a vertical floating mechanism. The grinding head is a pneumatic random track sander type, with a pneumatic grinding rotary machine and a rotating grinding panel. The pneumatic grinding rotary machine is connected to the rotating grinding panel and drives the rotating grinding panel to form a random track motion. The rotating grinding panel is used for attaching sandpaper to its flat lower surface so that it can grind the surface of the object below it in a random track motion under the drive of the pneumatic grinding rotary machine. The vertical floating mechanism is connected to the grinding head and controls the up-and-down movement of the grinding head so that the grinding head floats in real time while grinding to adapt to the vertical changes of the surface of the object being ground. The rotating mechanism is connected to the multiple grinding units and drives the multiple grinding units to rotate together. A CNC machine tool includes the aforementioned grinding mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of grinding and polishing, and more specifically to a grinding mechanism and a CNC machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the processing industry, there is a surface grinding and polishing process. In the traditional process, a grinding head is mounted on a rotary machine, and sandpaper is attached to the grinding head. Generally, the grinding head is manually operated to grind and polish the surface of the product (i.e., the object being ground). Because there is only one grinding head, and the grinding head rotates only in one direction, the surface of the product needs to be repeatedly ground back and forth to achieve the required process. The efficiency and grinding quality need to be improved, and it is also labor-intensive, especially for uneven surfaces. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the background art, one object of this disclosure is to provide a grinding mechanism and a CNC machine tool that can improve grinding efficiency.

[0004] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a grinding mechanism and a CNC machine tool that can improve grinding quality.

[0005] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a grinding mechanism and a CNC machine tool that can adapt to grinding uneven surfaces.

[0006] Another object of this disclosure is to provide a grinding mechanism and a CNC machine tool that can save manpower.

[0007] Therefore, a sanding mechanism includes multiple sanding units and a rotating mechanism. Each sanding unit includes a sanding head and a vertical floating mechanism. The sanding head is a pneumatic random track sander type, with a pneumatic sanding rotator and a rotating sanding panel. The pneumatic sanding rotator is connected to the rotating sanding panel and is used to drive the rotating sanding panel to form a random track motion. The rotating sanding panel is used for sanding sandpaper to be attached to its flat lower surface so that the surface of the object below is sanded in a random track motion under the drive of the pneumatic sanding rotator. The vertical floating mechanism is connected to the sanding head and is used to control the vertical movement of the sanding head so that the sanding head floats in real time while sanding to adapt to the vertical changes of the surface of the object being sanded. The rotating mechanism is connected to the multiple sanding units and is used to drive the multiple sanding units to revolve together.

[0008] A CNC machine tool includes the aforementioned grinding mechanism, which is mounted on the head of the CNC machine tool.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this disclosure are as follows.

[0010] In the grinding mechanism and CNC machine tool according to this disclosure, each grinding unit achieves automatic grinding through the grinding head and the up-and-down floating mechanism, eliminating the manual operation in the prior art, saving manpower, and improving grinding efficiency.

[0011] In the grinding mechanism and CNC machine tool according to this disclosure, the use of multiple grinding units, each grinding independently, greatly improves grinding efficiency compared to a single grinding head in the prior art. Furthermore, since the multiple grinding units grind independently, they can use different rotational directions, thus improving grinding quality compared to the single-direction rotational grinding of the prior art.

[0012] In the grinding mechanism and CNC machine tool according to this disclosure, since multiple grinding units are used, the grinding heads of each grinding unit are pneumatic random-track sanders, and the rotating grinding panel of each grinding unit is used for attaching sandpaper to its flat lower surface, it is very suitable for the grinding mechanism to move slowly along the plane for grinding, thereby improving grinding efficiency. In addition, the grinding heads of each grinding unit are pneumatic random-track sanders, which can improve the grinding quality.

[0013] In the grinding mechanism and CNC machine tool according to this disclosure, multiple grinding units are used, each grinding unit's grinding head is a pneumatic random-track sander type, and each grinding unit's rotating grinding panel is used for attaching sandpaper to its flat lower surface and employs an up-and-down floating mechanism. The grinding head floats in real time while grinding to adapt to changes in the surface of the object being ground in the vertical direction. This allows for grinding of uneven areas on a flat surface (i.e., the grinding head floats with the surface undulations, grinding to the required depth), improving the efficiency of grinding uneven areas with a pneumatic random-track sander type grinding head. Furthermore, since each grinding unit's grinding head is a pneumatic random-track sander type, the downforce of the grinding head is controlled by the up-and-down floating mechanism, ensuring the downforce is maintained at an appropriate level. This guarantees continuous normal operation of the grinding head, thereby ensuring both grinding quality and efficiency.

[0014] In the grinding mechanism and CNC machine tool according to this disclosure, a rotating mechanism is connected to the plurality of grinding units and is used to drive the plurality of grinding units to revolve together. In this way, the rotation of the plurality of grinding units and the revolution of the plurality of grinding units are combined, thereby improving grinding efficiency and grinding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 It is a perspective view of the polishing mechanism according to this disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial exploded view, in which one polishing unit has been removed for clarity.

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A bottom view.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a bottom view of the single-acting, telescopic cylinder of the up-and-down floating mechanism of the grinding unit of the grinding mechanism.

[0019] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A sectional view taken along line AA.

[0020] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained below.

[0021] 100 Grinding mechanism 2 Rotary mechanism D1 is a brushless motor that rotates vertically. D2 Horizontal Direction 22 Pneumatic Rotary Joint 1 Grinding unit 221 Rotary drive mechanism 11 Grinding head 222 Rotary shaft 111 Pneumatic Grinding Rotary Machine L-axis of Revolution 112 Rotary Grinding Panel 3 Up and Down Translation Mechanism 112a lower surface 31 linear guide 12 Upward and downward floating mechanism; 32 Upward and downward telescopic cylinder. 121 Sliding track 33 Linear translation sliding pair 122 Single-acting telescopic cylinder with 34 support plate 122a cylinder block 35 slider S-cavity 4-valve island P-channel 41 solenoid valve Pi Entrance 5 with Bearing Mount PE outlet 51 bearing through hole 122b Piston Rod 6 Mounting Bracket 122c disc 7b second trachea 122c1 upper plate 7c third air tube 122c2 lower plate 7d fourth air tube 122d helical spring 8 motor shim block 122e pneumatic pressure regulating valve N locking nut 122f First trachea 123 sliding joint Detailed Implementation

[0022] It will be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of this disclosure, which can be implemented in various forms. Therefore, the specific details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but are intended only as the basis for the claims and as an illustrative basis to teach those skilled in the art how to implement this disclosure in various ways.

[0023] [Polishing Mechanism] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The polishing mechanism 100 according to this disclosure includes multiple polishing units 1 and a rotating mechanism 2. Each polishing unit 1 includes a polishing head 11 and a vertical floating mechanism 12. The polishing head 11 is a pneumatic random orbit sander (ROS) type, and the polishing head 11 has a pneumatic polishing rotary machine 111 and a rotating polishing panel 112. The pneumatic polishing rotary machine 111 is connected to the rotating polishing panel 112 and is used to drive the rotating polishing panel 112 to form a random orbit movement. The rotating polishing panel 112 is used for attaching sandpaper (not shown) to its flat lower surface 112a so as to polish the surface of the object (not shown) below in a random orbit movement under the drive of the pneumatic polishing rotary machine 111. The vertical floating mechanism 12 is connected to the polishing head 11 and is used to control the vertical movement of the polishing head 11 so that the polishing head 11 floats in real time while polishing to adapt to the changes in the surface of the object being polished in the vertical direction D1. The rotating mechanism 2 is connected to the plurality of polishing units 1 and is used to drive the plurality of polishing units 1 to rotate together.

[0024] In the polishing mechanism 100 according to this disclosure, each polishing unit 1 achieves automatic polishing through the polishing head 11 and the up-and-down floating mechanism 12, eliminating the need for manual operation in the prior art, saving manpower, and improving polishing efficiency.

[0025] In the polishing mechanism 100 according to this disclosure, since multiple polishing units 1 are used, and the multiple polishing units 1 perform polishing independently, the polishing efficiency is greatly improved compared with the single polishing head of the prior art. In addition, since the multiple polishing units 1 perform polishing independently, the multiple polishing units 1 can perform polishing in different rotation directions, which can improve the polishing quality compared with the single-direction rotation polishing of the prior art.

[0026] In the sanding mechanism 100 according to this disclosure, since multiple sanding units 1 are used, the sanding head 11 of each sanding unit 1 is a pneumatic random track sander type, and the rotating sanding panel 112 of each sanding unit 1 is used for sanding paper to be attached to its flat lower surface 112a, it is very suitable for the sanding mechanism 100 to move slowly along the plane for sanding, thereby improving sanding efficiency. In addition, the sanding head 11 of each sanding unit 1 is a pneumatic random track sander type, which can improve the sanding quality.

[0027] In the sanding mechanism 100 according to this disclosure, since multiple sanding units 1 are used, the sanding head 11 of each sanding unit 1 is a pneumatic random track sander type, and the rotating sanding panel 112 of each sanding unit 1 is used for sanding paper to be attached to its flat lower surface 112a and adopts an up-and-down floating mechanism 12, the sanding head 11 floats in real time while sanding to adapt to the changes of the surface of the object being sanded in the vertical direction D1. In this way, it is possible to sand uneven areas on the surface when sanding a flat surface (i.e., the sanding head floats with the surface undulations and sands in place), which improves the efficiency of the sanding head 11 of the random track sander type in sanding uneven areas. In addition, since the sanding head 11 of each sanding unit 1 is a pneumatic random track sander type, the down pressure of the sanding head 11 is controlled by the up-and-down floating mechanism 12 to keep the down pressure at an appropriate level, thereby ensuring that the sanding head 11 works continuously and normally, and thus ensuring sanding quality and sanding efficiency.

[0028] In the polishing mechanism 100 according to this disclosure, a rotating mechanism 2 is connected to the plurality of polishing units 1 and is used to drive the plurality of polishing units 1 to revolve together. In this way, the rotation of the plurality of polishing units 1 and the revolution of the plurality of polishing units 1 are combined to improve polishing efficiency and polishing quality.

[0029] The grinding head 11 of the pneumatic random track sander type can adopt any structure known in the art, or adopt commercially available standard parts, such as the grinding head of the pneumatic random track sander type from 3M.

[0030] In one example, the up-and-down floating mechanism 12 is a cylinder floating mechanism. The pneumatic floating mechanism is better suited to the range of downward pressure applied by the grinding head 11 of the pneumatic random track sander type (i.e., it cannot withstand heavy loads, but the downward pressure is within a certain range).

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, in one example, the vertical floating mechanism 12 of each grinding unit 1 includes a sliding rail 121 and a single-acting telescopic cylinder 122. The sliding rail 121 is fixedly connected to the rotating mechanism 2, and the sliding rail 121 and the single-acting telescopic cylinder 122 form a sliding pair 123 extending in the vertical direction D1. The single-acting telescopic cylinder 122 is fixedly connected to the pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111, and the single-acting telescopic cylinder 122 is used to adaptively adjust the downward pressure to drive the pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111 together with the rotating grinding panel 112 to rise and fall in the vertical direction D1 by means of the sliding pair 123, so that the grinding head 11 floats up and down for grinding.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the single-acting telescopic cylinder 122 includes a cylinder body 122a, a piston rod 122b, a disc 122c, a coil spring 122d, a pneumatic pressure regulating valve 122e, and a first air pipe 122f. The cylinder body 122a is fixedly connected to the pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111. The cylinder body 122a has an inner cavity S and a flow channel P. The outlet Pe of the flow channel P is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity S. The piston rod 122b passes through the cylinder body 122a. One end of the piston rod 122b is located in the inner cavity S of the cylinder body 122a, and the other end protrudes from the cylinder body 122a and is fixedly connected to the rotating mechanism 2. The disc 122c is installed at the bottom end of the piston rod 122b and is located in the cylinder body 122a. In the inner cavity S; a helical spring 122d is sleeved on the piston rod 122b, the upper end of the helical spring 122d abuts against the wall of the cylinder body 122a that forms the top surface of the inner cavity S, and the lower end of the helical spring 122d abuts against the upper surface of the disc 122c; one end of the first air pipe 122f is connected to an external compressed gas source (not shown), and the other end of the first air pipe 122f is connected to the inlet Pi of the flow channel P; a pneumatic pressure regulating valve 122e is provided in the first air pipe 122f, and the pneumatic pressure regulating valve 122e is used to control the pressure of the compressed gas supplied to the inner cavity S through the first air pipe 122f via the flow channel P so that the single-acting inlet-type telescopic cylinder 122 adaptively adjusts the downward pressure.

[0033] When the compressed gas source is not working, there is no compressed gas in the inner cavity S. The action of the helical spring 122d causes the disc 122c to abut against the wall of the cylinder body 122a that forms the bottom surface of the inner cavity S, thereby causing the piston rod 122b to retract into the cylinder body 122a. Since the other end of the piston rod 122b is fixedly connected to the rotating mechanism 2, the retraction of the piston rod 122b into the cylinder body 122a relative to the rotating mechanism 2 pulls the cylinder body 122a, along with the grinding rotary machine 111, the rotating grinding panel 112, and the sandpaper, up in the vertical direction D1.

[0034] When the compressed gas source is working, the rotating grinding panel 112 begins to rotate. Compressed gas from the compressed gas source is supplied to the inner cavity S through the first air pipe 122f and the flow channel P. The compressed gas entering the inner cavity S acts on the lower surface of the disc 122c. The pressure of the compressed gas in the space between the lower surface of the disc 122c and the wall of the cylinder body 122a that forms the bottom surface of the inner cavity S is the cylinder pressure. When the cylinder pressure is equal to the sum of the spring force of the helical spring 122d and the weight of the grinding head 11, the upper and lower floating mechanism 12 reaches a balanced suspension state. When the cylinder pressure is greater than the sum of the spring force of the helical spring 122d and the weight of the grinding head 11, the difference between the cylinder pressure and the sum of the spring force of the helical spring 122d and the weight of the grinding head 11 is the downward pressure. During grinding, the sandpaper begins to generate downward pressure and presses down along with the upper and lower floating mechanism 12. The sandpaper contacts the surface of the object below and generates a reaction force. If the surface of the object being sanded is uneven (i.e. undulating), when the surface area is convex, the cylinder 122a, along with the sanding rotary machine 111, the rotating sanding panel 112, and the sandpaper, floats upward in the vertical direction D1. This causes the cylinder pressure to increase. At this time, the pneumatic pressure regulating valve 122e releases pressure, allowing the cylinder pressure to drop to the set value. When the surface area is slightly concave, the cylinder 122a, along with the sanding rotary machine 111, the rotating sanding panel 112, and the sandpaper, floats downward in the vertical direction D1. This causes the cylinder pressure to decrease. At this time, the pneumatic pressure regulating valve 122e increases pressure, allowing the cylinder pressure to increase to the set value. This achieves adaptive adjustment of the cylinder pressure in the floating state, so that the cylinder pressure (i.e., the downward pressure) is kept constant (in other words, the downward pressure is controlled at an appropriate level).

[0035] like Figure 4 As shown, in one example, the disc 122c includes an upper disc 122c1 and a lower disc 122c2, which are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction D1. The lower end of the helical spring 122d abuts against the upper surface of the upper disc 122c1. In an alternative example not shown, the upper disc 122c1 and the lower disc 122c2 can be combined into one, that is, the vertical distance between the upper disc 122c1 and the lower disc 122c2 is eliminated.

[0036] Reference Figure 3 In one example, the plurality of polishing units 1 are arranged at equal intervals around the revolution axis L of the rotating mechanism 2. This facilitates dynamic balance among the plurality of polishing units 1. Furthermore, the number of the plurality of polishing units 1 is a multiple of 2.

[0037] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in one example, the rotating mechanism 2 includes a rotary brushless motor 21 and a pneumatic rotary joint 22. The pneumatic rotary joint 22 includes a rotary drive mechanism 221 and a rotating shaft 222. The rotary drive mechanism 221 is mounted on the rotary brushless motor 21, and the rotating shaft 222 is sealed through the rotary drive mechanism 221. The upper part of the rotating shaft 222 is connected to an external compressed gas source (not shown), and the lower part of the rotating shaft 222 is exposed outside the rotary drive mechanism 221 and fixedly connected (e.g., by screws) to the sliding rail 121 of the upper and lower floating mechanism 12 of a plurality of grinding units 1 and connected to a single-acting inlet-type telescopic cylinder 122 and a pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111 so that compressed gas provided by the external compressed gas source is provided to the single-acting inlet-type telescopic cylinder 122 and the pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111 via the pneumatic rotary joint 22. The axis of the rotating shaft 222 forms the revolution axis L of the plurality of grinding units 1. The pneumatic rotary joint 22, the single-acting telescopic cylinder 122, and the pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111 are all ultimately supplied with gas from the same external compressed gas source, which greatly simplifies the structure.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the grinding mechanism 100 also includes an up-down translation mechanism 3, which is connected to the rotating mechanism 2. The up-down translation mechanism 3 is used to drive the rotating mechanism 2 together with the multiple grinding units 1 to translate in the up-down direction D1, thereby enabling the grinding rotary machine 111, the rotating grinding panel 112 and the sandpaper to be in their initial positions at the start of grinding.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the vertical translation mechanism 3 includes a linear guide rail 31 and a vertical telescopic cylinder 32. The linear guide rail 31 extends in the vertical direction D1 and forms a linear translation sliding pair 33 extending in the vertical direction D1 with the rotating mechanism 2; the vertical telescopic cylinder 32 is connected to the rotating mechanism 2 and is used to drive the vertical telescopic cylinder 32 together with the plurality of grinding units 1 to translate in the vertical direction D1 by means of the linear translation sliding pair 33.

[0040] Furthermore, the upper and lower telescopic cylinder 32 is connected to an external compressed gas source, and the grinding mechanism 100 also includes a valve island 4. The valve island 4 is provided with a solenoid valve 41 for connecting to an external compressed gas source. The upper and lower telescopic cylinder 32 is connected to the corresponding solenoid valve 41, and the rotating shaft 222 is connected to the corresponding solenoid valve 41.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the grinding mechanism 100 also includes a bearing mounting base 5, which is disposed between the rotating mechanism 2 and the plurality of grinding units 1 in the vertical direction D1. The bearing mounting base 5 has a bearing through hole 51 extending in the vertical direction D1, through which the rotating shaft 222 of the pneumatic rotary joint 22 can rotatably pass. The vertical translation mechanism 3 also includes a support plate 34 and a slider 35. The linear guide rail 31 is fixedly disposed on the support plate 34. One side of the slider 35 in the horizontal direction D2 is disposed on the linear guide rail 31 and forms a linear translation sliding pair 33 extending in the vertical direction D1 with the linear guide rail 31. The other side of the slider 35 in the horizontal direction D2 is fixedly connected to the bearing mounting base 5. The one side of the slider 35 in the vertical direction D1 is fixedly connected to the vertical telescopic cylinder 32. The vertical telescopic cylinder 32 is mounted on the support plate 34.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one example, each single-acting telescopic cylinder 122 is internally connected to the rotating shaft 222 via a corresponding first air pipe 122f. The grinding mechanism 100 also includes a mounting bracket 6, two second air pipes 7b, one third air pipe 7c, and multiple fourth air pipes 7d. The upper and lower telescopic cylinders 32 are connected to corresponding solenoid valves 41 via two third air pipes 7b, and the rotating shaft 222 is connected to corresponding solenoid valves 41 via third air pipes 7c. Each pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111 is connected to the corresponding fourth air pipe 7d. The air pipe 7d is internally connected to the rotating shaft 222. The first air pipe 122f of the single-acting telescopic cylinder 122 of each grinding unit 1 and the fourth air pipe 7d corresponding to the pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111 form a three-way structure. The mounting bracket 6 is located below the bearing mounting seat 5, through which the rotating shaft 222 of the pneumatic rotary joint 22 passes downward and is supported on the first air pipe 122f and the fourth air pipe 7d. The top of the piston rod 122b of each single-acting telescopic cylinder 122 is fixed to the mounting bracket 6.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, in one example, the first air pipe 122f of the single-acting telescopic cylinder 122 of each grinding unit 1 and the fourth air pipe 7d corresponding to the pneumatic grinding rotary machine 111 form a three-way structure that is screwed to the rotating shaft 222 and locked by the corresponding locking nut N.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in one example, the grinding mechanism 100 also includes two motor shims 8, which are arranged in the vertical direction D1 between the rotating mechanism 2 and the bearing mounting seat 5 and around the rotating shaft 222 on the horizontal plane.

[0045] CNC machine tools The CNC machine tool (not shown) according to this disclosure includes the aforementioned grinding mechanism 100, which is mounted on the head of the CNC machine tool. The head is capable of translating in the horizontal direction D2 (i.e., on a two-dimensional horizontal plane), thereby achieving high-efficiency grinding of large surfaces.

[0046] For a description of the features, operation and effects of the polishing mechanism 100, please refer to the foregoing, and it will not be repeated here.

[0047] Several exemplary embodiments have been described in detail above, but this document is not intended to limit itself to the explicitly disclosed combinations. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, the various features disclosed herein can be combined to form several other combinations, which are not shown for simplicity.

Claims

1. A polishing mechanism, characterized in that, It includes multiple polishing units (1) and a rotating mechanism (2). Each grinding unit (1) includes a grinding head (11) and an up-and-down floating mechanism (12). The grinding head (11) is a pneumatic random track sander type. The grinding head (11) has a pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111) and a rotary grinding panel (112). The pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111) is connected to the rotary grinding panel (112) and is used to drive the rotary grinding panel (112) to form a random track motion. The rotary grinding panel (112) is used to attach sandpaper to its flat lower surface (112a) so that the surface of the object below can be ground in a random track motion under the drive of the pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111). The up-and-down floating mechanism (12) is connected to the grinding head (11). The up-and-down floating mechanism (12) is used to control the up-and-down movement of the grinding head (11) so that the grinding head (11) floats in real time while grinding to adapt to the changes in the surface of the object being ground in the up-and-down direction (D1). The rotating mechanism (2) is connected to the plurality of polishing units (1) and is used to drive the plurality of polishing units (1) to revolve together.

2. The polishing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower floating mechanism (12) is a cylinder floating mechanism.

3. The polishing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The up-and-down floating mechanism (12) of each grinding unit (1) includes a sliding rail (121) and a single-acting inlet-type telescopic cylinder (122). The sliding rail (121) is fixedly connected to the rotating mechanism (2), and the sliding rail (121) and the single-acting lead-type telescopic cylinder (122) form a sliding pair (123) extending in the vertical direction (D1). A single-acting telescopic cylinder (122) is fixedly connected to the pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111). The single-acting telescopic cylinder (122) is used to adaptively adjust the downward pressure to drive the pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111) together with the rotating grinding panel (112) to rise and fall in the vertical direction (D1) by means of the sliding pair (123) so that the grinding head (11) floats up and down for grinding.

4. The polishing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The single-acting telescopic cylinder (122) includes a cylinder body (122a), a piston rod (122b), a disc (122c), a coil spring (122d), a pneumatic pressure regulating valve (122e), and a first air pipe (122f). The cylinder body (122a) is fixedly connected to the pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111). The cylinder body (122a) has an inner cavity (S) and a flow channel (P). The outlet (Pe) of the flow channel (P) is connected to the bottom of the inner cavity (S). The piston rod (122b) passes through the cylinder body (122a). One end of the piston rod (122b) is located in the inner cavity (S) of the cylinder body (122a), and the other end protrudes from the cylinder body (122a) and is fixedly connected to the rotating mechanism (2). The disc (122c) is mounted at the bottom end of the piston rod (122b) and located in the inner cavity (S) of the cylinder (122a); A helical spring (122d) is fitted onto the piston rod (122b). The upper end of the helical spring (122d) abuts against the wall of the top surface of the inner cavity (S) of the cylinder (122a), and the lower end of the helical spring (122d) abuts against the upper surface of the disc (122c). One end of the first air tube (122f) is connected to an external compressed gas source, and the other end of the first air tube (122f) is connected to the inlet (Pi) of the flow channel (P). A pneumatic pressure regulating valve (122e) is provided in the first air pipe (122f). The pneumatic pressure regulating valve (122e) is used to control the pressure of the compressed gas supplied to the inner cavity (S) through the flow channel (P) via the first air pipe (122f) so that the single-acting inlet-type telescopic cylinder (122) can adaptively adjust the downward pressure.

5. The polishing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple grinding units (1) are arranged at equal intervals around the revolution axis (L) of the rotating mechanism (2).

6. The polishing mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of the plurality of polishing units (1) is a multiple of 2.

7. The polishing mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism (2) includes a rotary brushless motor (21) and a pneumatic rotary joint (22). The pneumatic rotary joint (22) includes a rotary drive mechanism (221) and a rotary shaft (222). The rotary drive mechanism (221) is mounted on a rotary brushless motor (21). The rotary shaft (222) is sealed through the rotary drive mechanism (221). The upper part of the rotary shaft (222) is connected to an external compressed gas source. The lower part of the rotary shaft (222) is exposed outside the rotary drive mechanism (221) and is fixedly connected to the sliding rail (121) of the upper and lower floating mechanism (12) of the multiple grinding units (1) and connected to the single-acting inlet telescopic cylinder (122) and the pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111) so that the compressed gas provided by the external compressed gas source is provided to the single-acting inlet telescopic cylinder (122) and the pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111) via the pneumatic rotary joint (22). The axis of the rotary shaft (222) forms the revolution axis (L) of the multiple grinding units (1).

8. The polishing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The grinding mechanism also includes an up-and-down translation mechanism (3). The vertical translation mechanism (3) is connected to the rotating mechanism (2). The vertical translation mechanism (3) is used to drive the rotating mechanism (2) together with the multiple grinding units (1) to translate in the vertical direction (D1).

9. The polishing mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, The vertical translation mechanism (3) includes a linear guide rail (31) and a vertical telescopic cylinder (32). The linear guide (31) extends in the vertical direction (D1) and forms a linear translation sliding pair (33) extending in the vertical direction (D1) with the rotating mechanism (2). The upper and lower telescopic cylinder (32) is connected to the rotating mechanism (2). The upper and lower telescopic cylinder (32) is used to drive the upper and lower telescopic cylinder (32) together with the multiple grinding units (1) to translate in the upper and lower direction (D1) by means of the linear translation sliding pair (33).

10. The polishing mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that, The upper and lower telescopic cylinder (32) is connected to an external compressed gas source. The grinding mechanism (100) also includes a valve island (4), which is provided with multiple solenoid valves (41) for connection to an external compressed gas source. The upper and lower telescopic cylinder (32) is connected to the corresponding solenoid valve (41), and the rotating shaft (222) is connected to the corresponding solenoid valve (41).

11. The polishing mechanism according to claim 9, characterized in that, The grinding mechanism (100) also includes a bearing mounting base (5), which is disposed between the rotating mechanism (2) and the plurality of grinding units (1) in the vertical direction (D1). The bearing mounting base (5) is provided with a bearing through hole (51) in the vertical direction (D1), through which the rotating shaft (222) of the pneumatic rotary joint (22) can rotatably pass; The vertical translation mechanism (3) also includes a support plate (34) and a slider (35); The linear guide (31) is fixedly mounted on the support plate (34). The horizontal (D2) side of the slider (35) is mounted on the linear guide (31) and forms a linear translation sliding pair (33) extending vertically (D1) with the linear guide (31). The opposite side of the horizontal (D2) direction of the slider (35) is fixedly connected to the bearing mounting base (5). The vertical (D1) side of the slider (35) is fixedly connected to the vertical telescopic cylinder (32). The upper and lower telescopic cylinder (32) is installed on the support plate (34).

12. The polishing mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that, Each single-acting telescopic cylinder (122) is internally connected to the rotating shaft (222) via a corresponding first air pipe (122f). The grinding mechanism (100) also includes a mounting bracket (6), two second air pipes (7b), a third air pipe (7c), and multiple fourth air pipes (7d). The telescopic cylinder (32) is connected to the corresponding solenoid valve (41) via two third air pipes (7b). The rotating shaft (222) is connected to the corresponding solenoid valve (41) via the third air pipe (7c); Each pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111) is connected to the interior of the rotating shaft (222) through the corresponding fourth air pipe (7d). The first air pipe (122f) of the single-acting telescopic cylinder (122) of each grinding unit (1) and the corresponding fourth air pipe (7d) of the pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111) form a three-way structure. The mounting bracket (6) is located below the bearing mounting base (5), through which the rotating shaft (222) of the pneumatic rotary joint (22) passes downward and on which the first air pipe (122f) and the fourth air pipe (7d) are supported. The top of the piston rod (122b) of each single-acting telescopic cylinder (122) is fixed to the mounting bracket (6).

13. The polishing mechanism according to claim 12, characterized in that, The three-way structure formed by the first air pipe (122f) of the single-acting telescopic cylinder (122) of each grinding unit (1) and the fourth air pipe (7d) corresponding to the pneumatic grinding rotary machine (111) is screwed to the rotating shaft (222) and locked by the corresponding locking nut (N).

14. The polishing mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that, The grinding mechanism (100) also includes two motor shims (8), which are arranged in the vertical direction (D1) between the rotating mechanism (2) and the bearing mounting seat (5) and around the rotating shaft (222) on the horizontal plane.

15. A CNC machine tool, characterized in that, The invention includes a grinding mechanism (100) as described in any one of claims 1-14, the grinding mechanism (100) being mounted on the head of a CNC machine tool.

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