A new gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating bearing and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application provides a new type of gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating joint bearings and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials, self-lubrication and intelligent monitoring, in particular, the preparation method of the new type of gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating joint bearings comprises the following steps: S1: preparing a conductive synergistic material; S2: preparing a modified performance reinforcing material; S3: preparing a phenolic resin diluent; S4: preparing a conductive modified phenolic resin adhesive film; S5: preparing an insulating modified phenolic resin adhesive film; S6: preparing a pretreated fabric; and S7: preparing a new type of gasket material. The new type of gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating joint bearings prepared by the above method can realize the integration of "material-function", intelligently monitor the wear state of the bearing according to the step change of the electrical conductivity, has the advantages of excellent friction-reducing and wear-resistant performance and high sensitivity, can significantly simplify the structure of the bearing system and reduce the maintenance cost, and is suitable for the fields of aerospace and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of composite materials, self-lubrication, and intelligent monitoring, specifically to a novel liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Self-lubricating spherical bearings are core components of critical moving parts such as landing gear and flaps / ailerons of fixed-wing aircraft and rotor systems of helicopters. If they wear and fail during long-term service, it will directly lead to abnormalities in the entire mechanical system or even cause catastrophic accidents. Although traditional self-lubricating spherical bearings have good friction-reducing and wear-resistant properties, their wear detection usually relies on feeler gauge measurement after shutdown or offline disassembly clearance detection. This has problems such as large human error, long maintenance cycle, high risk of secondary assembly, and inability to reflect wear status in real time. Therefore, it is particularly important to realize real-time intelligent monitoring of the wear status of self-lubricating spherical bearings.

[0003] To achieve intelligent monitoring of wear in self-lubricating spherical plain bearings, researchers have made several attempts. Early attempts involved introducing fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), acoustic emission, and vibration analysis into bearing condition monitoring. However, these methods are all external, requiring external power supplies and complex wiring, making them impractical in the aerospace field where compact structures and lightweight materials are crucial. In recent years, research on monitoring self-lubricating spherical plain bearings has shifted its focus to "material intelligence" monitoring technologies based on changes in the intrinsic physical or chemical properties of the materials.

[0004] Existing "material intelligence" technologies have explored various solutions to achieve intelligent monitoring of self-lubricating spherical bearings. For example, patents CN118667206A ("Polyetherimide-based conductive self-lubricating polymer and its preparation method and application") and CN120795700A ("A smart material for wear early warning based on conductive core-shell micro / nano particles and its preparation method") construct a multi-layered gradient polymer structure and utilize the resistance / current changes during the friction process to achieve wear failure early warning: when wear penetrates the insulating layer, the friction pair directly contacts the underlying conductive material to form a current path, causing an order-of-magnitude change in the electrical signal, which serves as an early warning signal for wear failure. In addition, patents CN118727448A (Preparation method and application of an intelligent self-lubricating pad), CN118422504A (An intelligent self-lubricating pad and preparation method thereof), and CN119755201A (A wear early warning intelligent material based on conductive core-shell micro-nano particles and preparation method thereof) construct a functional layer structure containing three or more layers with differentiated resistance values, so that the resistance during the wear process exhibits bidirectional or stepwise changes, providing a basis for intelligent monitoring of spherical bearings.

[0005] Self-lubricating spherical bearings used in fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft are mainly of the pad type and are mostly used in critical parts. Once wear and failure occur, it will cause the critical moving parts to jam, threatening the safety of the aircraft. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop intelligent pad materials that can monitor wear conditions and apply them to self-lubricating spherical bearings. However, existing smart pads still suffer from significant technical bottlenecks and defects: First, there is a contradiction between conductivity and mechanical properties. If the proportion of conductive filler is low, the electrical signal response sensitivity is poor; if the proportion is high, the hardness of the resin matrix increases and the toughness decreases, easily leading to material brittleness and deterioration of the original tribological properties. Second, existing smart pads are mostly modified through simple mechanical mixing, resulting in poor interfacial compatibility between the conductive filler and the resin matrix. This easily leads to filler agglomeration, uneven distribution of the internal conductive network, and stress concentration under stress, which in turn induces localized brittle spalling and severely shortens the service life of the pad. In addition, the manufacturing process of existing smart pads often uses simple liquid resin layer coating and impregnation. Before curing, the layers are heavily interpenetrated and lack clear physical boundaries, making it difficult to accurately correspond to the actual wear amount and the abrupt change in electrical signal, easily causing signal hysteresis or premature false alarms.

[0006] Therefore, developing an intelligent self-lubricating gasket material with both excellent friction reduction and wear resistance properties and highly reliable wear warning function, as well as its preparation method, has important engineering application value and significance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to make the self-lubricating spherical bearing liner material have both excellent friction reduction and wear resistance properties and high reliability wear warning function.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing a novel gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Preparation of conductive synergistic materials; S2: Preparation of modified and enhanced materials; S3: Prepare a phenolic resin diluent; S4: After blending the conductive synergistic material with the modified performance-enhancing material, add phenolic resin diluent, disperse, stir, degas, and then coat to form a film to obtain a conductive modified phenolic resin film. S5: The modified performance-enhancing material is added to a phenolic resin diluent, dispersed, stirred, and degassed, and then coated into a film to obtain an insulating modified phenolic resin film. S6: Take the fabric, immerse the fabric in a phenolic resin dilution solution, remove it and remove the surface glue, and air dry to obtain the pretreated fabric. S7: A novel pad material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings is prepared by antagonistic impregnation, wherein the antagonistic impregnation includes the following steps: pressing the insulating modified phenolic resin film onto the first surface of the pretreated fabric by hot pressing, pressing the conductive modified phenolic resin film onto the second surface of the pretreated fabric by hot pressing, and obtaining the novel pad material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings after pre-curing and segmented curing.

[0009] Preferably, the conductive synergistic material is a conductive synergistic functional material or a conductive synergistic reinforcing material. The conductive synergistic functional material is composed of a base material and a conductive material, and the conductive synergistic reinforcing material is composed of a conductive material and a conductive reinforcing material.

[0010] The conductive material is selected from any one or more of pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, acetylene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, metal powder, metal oxide, and ceramics, and the conductive reinforcing material is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate).

[0011] Preferably, the base material is a lubricating material and / or a wear-resistant material, wherein the lubricating material is selected from any one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone, nylon, polyimide, molybdenum disulfide, and tungsten disulfide; and the wear-resistant material is selected from any one or more of zirconium dioxide, yttrium oxide, silicon dioxide, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and basalt fiber.

[0012] In the technical solution provided by this invention, conductive materials and conductive reinforcing materials can act as efficient electron transport media, and can build a stable conductive network with a low addition amount, thereby overcoming the problems of increased matrix brittleness and deterioration of tribological properties caused by high filling amount of traditional conductive fillers.

[0013] In the technical solution provided by this invention, the base material of the conductive synergistic material is a lubricating material and / or a wear-resistant material, which can endow the conductive synergistic material with excellent friction reduction and wear resistance properties, and can achieve synergistic effect of "conductive-lubricating" dual functions.

[0014] In the technical solution provided by this invention, the conductive synergistic material can be prepared by in-situ oxidative polymerization. The in-situ polymerized adhesion structure can significantly enhance the interfacial bonding force between the conductive phase and the lubricating phase of the material. The technical solution provided by this invention effectively overcomes the problems of uneven component dispersion and agglomeration, thereby achieving a significant improvement in the overall performance of the material.

[0015] Preferably, step S2 includes the following steps: The performance-enhancing material was placed in N-methylpyrrolidone, dispersed, and then a silane coupling agent was added. The mixture was refluxed at 60-80℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain the modified performance-enhancing material.

[0016] Preferably, the performance-enhancing material is selected from any one or more of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, calcium sulfate whiskers, calcium carbonate whiskers, and aluminum borate whiskers.

[0017] Preferably, the silane coupling agent is selected from any one or more of KH550, KH570, and KH590.

[0018] Preferably, step S3 includes the following steps: Take 2-4 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 1 part of ethyl acetate, and 1 part of anhydrous ethanol, mix them evenly, and then prepare a diluted phenolic resin solution.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, the mass ratio of the conductive synergistic material to the modified performance-enhancing material is 1:(1~2). In step S4, the total amount of the conductive synergistic material added does not exceed 20 wt% of the phenolic resin. In step S5, the total amount of the modified performance-enhancing material added is 2-5 wt% of the phenolic resin.

[0020] Preferably, the thickness of the conductive modified phenolic resin film and the insulating modified phenolic resin film is 100-500µm.

[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides a padding material, which is prepared by the preparation method described in the first aspect.

[0022] In existing technologies, when no adhesive film is applied, a conductive signal can only be generated after the gasket is completely worn down to achieve steel-to-steel contact, resulting in a delayed response. Furthermore, when only the conductive adhesive film is applied to the back side, conductivity is triggered by minimal wear, easily leading to misjudgment. In contrast, step S7 of the preparation method provided by this invention prepares a novel gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings through antagonistic impregnation, eliminating the aforementioned risks of delayed signal response or misjudgment in traditional processes.

[0023] The novel intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing gasket material prepared by the method described in the first aspect achieves integrated "structure-function-sensing" functionality. This invention provides a novel intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing gasket material with a fabric skeleton, endowing it with excellent mechanical load-bearing capacity and fatigue resistance. The novel intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing gasket material uses phenolic resin as a matrix, ensuring good heat resistance and chemical stability. Furthermore, the performance-enhancing materials introduced into the insulating modified phenolic resin guarantee excellent wear resistance, while the conductive synergistic materials introduced into the conductive modified phenolic resin ensure sensitive electrical signal response characteristics. In practical use, the novel intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing gasket material not only meets the basic requirements of low friction coefficient and high wear resistance, but also accurately reflects the wear state of the gasket material based on real-time changes in its own electrical signals, possessing self-sensing characteristics.

[0024] A third aspect of the present invention provides an application of the novel gasket material for the intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing described in the second aspect, the application including using the novel gasket material for the intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing in the preparation of a self-lubricating spherical bearing with real-time wear condition monitoring and early warning functions.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The novel gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings provided by this invention introduces a conductive synergistic material. Its constituent conductive materials or conductive reinforcing materials serve as efficient electron transport media, enabling the construction of a stable conductive network with a low addition amount. This reduces the problems of increased matrix hardness and decreased toughness caused by the introduction of fillers. The base material retains excellent self-lubricating and wear-resistant properties. The conductive synergistic material provided by this invention greatly improves the interfacial compatibility and dispersibility of fillers in resin, avoids filler agglomeration caused by mechanical mixing to a certain extent, ensures uniform distribution of the conductive network, and avoids stress concentration under stress to a certain extent, thereby significantly extending the service life of the gasket. 2. The "anti-adhesive impregnation process" proposed in this invention constitutes the core technology for preparing intelligent gasket materials. This process employs a bidirectional heterogeneous hot-pressing strategy, bonding insulating modified phenolic resin films and conductive modified phenolic resin films to the first and second surfaces of a pre-treated fabric, respectively. After pre-curing and segmented curing, a layered structure with a clear functional gradient of "upper insulation, friction reduction, and wear resistance; lower conductivity, early warning" is successfully constructed. This unique process design ensures a clear physical interface between the insulating functional layer and the conductive early warning layer, and the thickness of each layer is precisely controllable. Furthermore, the film-fabric interface formed by the hot-pressing technology has a dense and firm bond, possessing excellent load transfer capability, effectively ensuring the structural integrity and reliability of the gasket material under long-term bearing service conditions. 3. The novel liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical plain bearings provided by this invention uses fabric as a skeleton, endowing it with excellent mechanical load-bearing capacity and fatigue resistance. Using phenolic resin as the matrix ensures the heat resistance and chemical stability of the liner material, guaranteeing its basic load-bearing capacity. Simultaneously, the introduction of conductive synergistic materials endows the liner material with self-sensing characteristics, eliminating the need for additional integration or slotting of any micro-sensors inside the bearing. This significantly simplifies the bearing system structure and reduces maintenance costs, making it particularly suitable for aerospace and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the structure and working state of a novel gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings provided for a specific embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 The curves showing the changes in friction coefficient and conductivity signals of product M1 over time during the friction test; Figure 3 The curves showing the changes in friction coefficient and conductivity signals of product M2 over time during the friction experiment; Figure 4 The curves showing the changes in friction coefficient and conductivity signals of product M3 over time during the friction test. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the implementation methods and typical parameters of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the parameter range described in the present invention. Reasonable variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0029] As described in the background section, existing novel gasket materials for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings suffer from defects such as poor sensitivity, susceptibility to brittleness, uneven distribution of internal conductive networks, and severe interlayer penetration.

[0030] In view of this, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a novel gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings, which specifically includes the following steps: S1: Preparation of conductive synergistic materials; S2: Preparation of modified and enhanced materials; S3: Prepare a phenolic resin diluent; S4: After blending the conductive synergistic material with the modified performance-enhancing material, add phenolic resin diluent, disperse, stir, degas, and then coat to form a film to obtain a conductive modified phenolic resin film. S5: The modified performance-enhancing material is added to a phenolic resin diluent, dispersed, stirred, and degassed, and then coated into a film to obtain an insulating modified phenolic resin film. S6: Take the fabric, immerse the fabric in a phenolic resin dilution solution, remove it and remove the surface glue, and air dry to obtain the pretreated fabric. S7: A novel pad material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings is prepared by antagonistic impregnation, wherein the antagonistic impregnation includes the following steps: pressing the insulating modified phenolic resin film onto the first surface of the pretreated fabric by hot pressing, pressing the conductive modified phenolic resin film onto the second surface of the pretreated fabric by hot pressing, and obtaining the novel pad material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings after pre-curing and segmented curing.

[0031] More specifically, in step S6 of the above embodiment, the fabric is preferably a PTFE / aramid blended woven fabric, which serves as the skeleton of the novel liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings and can effectively improve the mechanical load-bearing capacity and fatigue resistance of the novel liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings.

[0032] More specifically, in step S6 of the above embodiment, the soaking time of the fabric in the phenolic resin dilution is preferably 30 to 60 minutes.

[0033] More specifically, step S7 of the above embodiment includes the following steps: First, the insulating modified phenolic resin film is tightly bonded to the first surface of the pretreated fabric through a hot-pressing process and cured. In this step, the temperature is set to 90~100℃, the pressure is controlled at 2~3MPa, and the holding time is 20~30min to ensure good interfacial bonding between the insulating modified phenolic resin film and the pretreated fabric, forming an insulating anti-corrosion layer. Then, the conductive modified phenolic resin is tightly bonded to the second surface of the pretreated fabric through a hot-pressing process and cured. In this step, the temperature is set to 90~100℃, the pressure is controlled at 2~3MPa, and the holding time is 20~30min to ensure good interfacial bonding between the conductive modified phenolic resin film and the pretreated fabric, forming a conductive warning layer, completing the pre-curing. Finally, the pre-cured material is cured in stages at 120~180℃ to obtain a new type of liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings.

[0034] More specifically, in the above embodiments, the segmented curing temperature is preferably at least two of 120°C, 135°C, 150°C, 160°C, and 180°C, and the curing time at each temperature is preferably 1.5 to 2.5 hours.

[0035] Steps S6 and S7 of the above-described embodiment employ a bidirectional heterogeneous hot-pressing strategy. Since the fabric itself is a woven structure, to prevent fiber dispersion during wear and use, this embodiment first pre-treats the fabric with a diluted phenolic resin solution to enhance its overall strength. Furthermore, because the fabric has a warp and weft structure with gaps between them, this embodiment sequentially applies insulating modified phenolic resin and conductive modified phenolic resin to both sides of the pre-treated fabric. After pre-curing and segmented curing, the insulating modified phenolic resin and conductive modified phenolic resin counteract each other within the fiber gaps of the fabric, successfully constructing a layered structure with a clear "upper insulation-lower conductivity" functional gradient. This unique process design ensures a clear physical interface between the insulating functional layer and the conductive warning layer, and the thickness of each layer is precisely controllable. In the prior art, without the adhesive film, a conductive signal is only generated after the pad is completely worn down, resulting in steel-to-steel contact, leading to response lag. When only the conductive adhesive film is applied to the back side, conductivity is triggered by minimal wear, easily causing misjudgment. The preparation method provided by the specific embodiments of the present invention completely eliminates the hidden dangers of signal response lag or misjudgment in the traditional process. At the same time, the adhesive film-fabric interface formed by hot pressing technology has a dense and firm bond, with excellent load transfer capability, which effectively ensures the structural integrity and reliability of the new type of gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings in the long-term service environment of bearings.

[0036] More specifically, in steps S4 and S5 of the above embodiments, the dispersion method is preferably ultrasonic dispersion, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is preferably 0.5 to 3 hours.

[0037] In the above embodiments, the conductive synergistic material is a conductive synergistic functional material or a conductive synergistic reinforcing material. The conductive synergistic functional material is composed of a base material and a conductive material, and the conductive synergistic reinforcing material is composed of a conductive material and a conductive reinforcing material. The base material is selected from any one or more of lubricating functional materials and wear-resistant materials.

[0038] In the above embodiments, the lubricating material is selected from any one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone, nylon, polyimide, molybdenum disulfide, and tungsten disulfide; the wear-resistant material is selected from any one or more of zirconium dioxide, yttrium oxide, silicon dioxide, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and basalt fiber; the conductive material is selected from any one or more of pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, acetylene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, metal powder, metal oxide, or ceramic conductive materials; and the conductive reinforcing material is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate).

[0039] More specifically, step S1 of the above embodiment includes the following steps: take the base material or conductive material, disperse it in an appropriate amount of solvent, sonicate it for 20-30 minutes to obtain a uniform suspension, and use an oxidant to initiate the polymerization and adhesion of the conductive material on the surface of the base material or the conductive reinforcing material at 0-8°C. After washing the product obtained from the reaction with the aforementioned solvent, dry it under vacuum at 70-80°C to obtain the conductive synergistic material.

[0040] More specifically, in the above embodiments, the solvent is preferably any one or more of water, methanol, ethanol, and acetone.

[0041] More specifically, in the above embodiments, the oxidant is preferably any one or more of ferric chloride, ammonium persulfate, and potassium dichromate.

[0042] In the above embodiments, step S2 includes the following steps: The performance-enhancing material was placed in N-methylpyrrolidone, dispersed, and then a silane coupling agent was added. The mixture was refluxed at 60-80℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain the modified performance-enhancing material.

[0043] More specifically, in the above embodiments, the dispersion method of the performance-enhancing material in N-methylpyrrolidone is preferably ultrasonic dispersion, and the dispersion time is preferably 0.5 to 3 hours.

[0044] More specifically, in the above embodiments, the amount of silane coupling agent added is preferably 0.5wt% to 1.5wt%.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the performance-enhancing material is selected from any one or more of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, calcium sulfate whiskers, calcium carbonate whiskers, and aluminum borate whiskers.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the silane coupling agent is selected from any one or more of KH550, KH570, and KH590.

[0047] More specifically, in the above embodiments, modifying the performance-enhancing material with a silane coupling agent can enable the grafting of relevant groups onto the surface of the performance-enhancing material, which can significantly improve the interfacial bonding strength between the subsequent performance-enhancing material and the phenolic resin matrix, while effectively suppressing the agglomeration of fillers.

[0048] In the above implementation, step S3 includes the following steps: Take 2-4 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 1 part of ethyl acetate, and 1 part of anhydrous ethanol, mix them evenly, and then prepare a diluted phenolic resin solution.

[0049] More specifically, in the above embodiments, the viscosity of the phenolic resin diluent is preferably 360~400 Pa·s.

[0050] In step S4 of the above implementation method, the mass ratio of the conductive synergistic material to the modified performance-enhancing material is 1:(1~2). In step S4, the total amount of the conductive synergistic material added does not exceed 20 wt% of the phenolic resin. In step S5, the total amount of the modified performance-enhancing material added is 2-5 wt% of the phenolic resin. The thickness of the conductive modified phenolic resin film and the insulating modified phenolic resin film in steps S4 and S5 is 100-500µm.

[0051] The schematic diagram of the structure and working state of the novel gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings provided in the specific embodiments of the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown. See also Figure 1 The novel liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings prepared through the above embodiments has a layered composite structure, including an insulating counteracting layer and a conductive warning layer. The insulating counteracting layer and the conductive warning layer counteract each other in the fiber gaps of the fabric layer. When the novel liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings is in operation, the insulating counteracting layer first contacts the mating part and wears. As the wear increases, when the insulating counteracting layer is worn through, the conductive warning layer below begins to be exposed and contacts the mating part, thereby causing a significant step change in the electrical conductivity between the inner and outer rings of the bearing. By monitoring this change in electrical conductivity, the wear state of the bearing can be reflected in real time and accurately, realizing intelligent monitoring and early warning of wear.

[0052] The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all terms, symbols, and other scientific terms used herein are intended to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. In some cases, terms with conventional meanings are limited herein for clarification or ease of reference, and such limitations should not be construed as indicating a significant difference from conventional understanding in the art. The technical methods described or referenced herein are generally well understood by those skilled in the art and have been employed by conventional methods. Unless otherwise stated, the use of commercially available reagents and instruments shall be performed according to the manufacturer's instructions and parameters.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] Preparation of novel gasket materials for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings S1: A poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) solution was ultrasonically dispersed in deionized water at a volume ratio of 1:100 to obtain a uniform suspension. Under low temperature conditions of 0℃ and the action of ferric chloride (FeCl3) oxidant, pyrrole (Py) monomers were oxidized and polymerized in situ on the surface of PEDOT:PSS to form a conductive polypyrrole (PPy)-conductive reinforced poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) synergistic material. The product was washed with ethanol and vacuum dried at 80℃ for 12 h to obtain the conductive synergistic material PPy@PEDOT:PSS. S2: SiO2 was placed in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and ultrasonically dispersed for 2 hours; then 1 wt% silane coupling agent KH570 was added and refluxed at 70°C for 4 hours to achieve grafting of amino functional groups on the surface of SiO2 and obtain modified and enhanced material. S3: Take 4 parts of phenolic resin, 1 part of ethyl acetate and 1 part of anhydrous ethanol by weight, mix them evenly and then prepare a diluted phenolic resin solution. S4: The conductive synergistic material PPy@PEDOT:PSS obtained in step S1 is blended with the modified performance-enhancing material obtained in step S2, and then a phenolic resin diluent is added. The mass fraction of both PPy@PEDOT:PSS and the modified performance-enhancing material is 3wt% of the phenolic resin. After dispersion, stirring, and vacuum degassing, PR1 is obtained. PR1 is coated into a film at a speed of 5mm / s using a coating tester to obtain a conductive modified phenolic resin film F1 with a thickness of 400µm. S5: Add the modified performance-enhancing material obtained in step S2 to the phenolic resin diluent, wherein the amount of the modified performance-enhancing material added is 3wt% of the phenolic resin diluent. After ultrasonic dispersion, mechanical stirring and vacuum degassing, PR2 is obtained. Using a coating tester, PR2 is coated into a film at a speed of 5mm / s to obtain an insulating modified phenolic resin film F2 with a thickness of 400µm. S6: Take PTFE / aramid blended fabric, immerse the PTFE / aramid blended fabric in phenolic resin dilution for 60 minutes, take it out and remove the surface glue, and air dry to obtain the pretreated fabric. S7: F2 is tightly bonded to the first surface of the pretreated fabric using a hot-pressing process for pre-curing at 90℃, 3MPa, and 30min to ensure good interfacial bonding between the F2 film and the pretreated fabric, forming an insulating and protective layer. F1 is tightly bonded to the second surface of the pretreated fabric using a hot-pressing process for pre-curing at 90℃, 3MPa, and 30min to ensure good interfacial bonding between the F1 film and the pretreated fabric, forming a conductive warning layer. Then, the pre-cured fabric is sequentially cured in sections at 120℃, 135℃, and 180℃, with each section curing for 2 hours, to obtain a new type of liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings. This new type of liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings is named M1.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] Preparation of novel gasket materials for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings S1: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a diameter of 20-50 nm, a length of 5-10 μm, an aspect ratio of approximately 100-500, and a purity >95% were ultrasonically treated in a PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution (CNT content of 0.3 wt%) for 6 h to obtain a stable suspension. After ultrasonication, the suspension was mixed with 1-octanol and emulsified to form millimeter-sized precursor droplets. Liquid 1-octanol was added to the dispersed phase as a pore-forming agent. The emulsion was transferred to a coagulation bath prepared by mixing 5% H2SO4 and 95% isopropanol. Stable micron-sized particles were formed through dehydration and crystallization. The particles were washed and vacuum dried at 80 °C for 12 h to obtain the conductive synergistic material PEDOT:PSS@CNT.

[0057] S2: Nano-alumina was placed in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and ultrasonically dispersed for 2 hours; then 1 wt% silane coupling agent KH550 was added and refluxed at 70°C for 4 hours to achieve grafting of amino functional groups on the surface of alumina and obtain modified and enhanced material. S3: Take 4 parts of phenolic resin, 1 part of ethyl acetate and 1 part of anhydrous ethanol by weight, mix them evenly and then prepare a diluted phenolic resin solution. S4: The conductive synergistic material PEDOT:PSS@CNT obtained in step S1 is blended with the modified performance-enhancing material obtained in step S2, and then a phenolic resin diluent is added. The mass fraction of PEDOT:PSS@CNT is 5% of the phenolic resin and the mass fraction of the modified performance-enhancing material is 3%. After dispersion, stirring and vacuum degassing, PF3 is obtained. Using a coating tester, PF3 is coated into a film at a speed of 5 mm / s to obtain a conductive modified phenolic resin film F3 with a thickness of 400 µm. S5: Add the modified performance-enhancing material obtained in step S2 to the phenolic resin diluent, wherein the amount of the modified performance-enhancing material added is 5% of the phenolic resin diluent. After ultrasonic dispersion, mechanical stirring and vacuum degassing, PF4 is obtained. Using a coating tester, PF4 is coated into a film at a speed of 5 mm / s to obtain an insulating modified phenolic resin film F4 with a thickness of 400 µm. S6: Take PTFE / aramid blended fabric, immerse the PTFE / aramid blended fabric in phenolic resin dilution for 60 minutes, take it out and remove the surface glue, and air dry to obtain the pretreated fabric. S7: F4 is tightly bonded to the first surface of the pretreated fabric using a hot-pressing process for pre-curing at 90℃, 3MPa, and 30min to ensure good interfacial bonding between the F4 film and the pretreated fabric, forming an insulating and protective layer. F3 is tightly bonded to the second surface of the pretreated fabric using a hot-pressing process for pre-curing at 90℃, 3MPa, and 30min to ensure good interfacial bonding between the F3 film and the pretreated fabric, forming a conductive warning layer. Then, the pre-cured fabric is sequentially cured in sections at 120℃, 135℃, and 180℃, with each section curing for 2 hours to obtain a padding material, which is named M2.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] Preparation of novel gasket materials for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings S1: Nano-sized silica (SiO2) was ultrasonically dispersed in ethanol to obtain a uniform suspension; under low temperature conditions of 0℃ and the action of ferric chloride (FeCl3) oxidant, pyrrole (Py) monomers were oxidized and polymerized in situ on the SiO2 surface for 6 h to form a conductive polypyrrole (PPy)-lubricating SiO2 synergistic material; the product was washed with ethanol and vacuum dried at 80℃ for 12 h to obtain the conductive synergistic material PPy@SiO2; S2: Silicon carbide was placed in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and ultrasonically dispersed for 2 hours; then 1 wt% silane coupling agent KH590 was added and refluxed at 70°C for 4 hours to achieve grafting of amino functional groups on the surface of silicon carbide and obtain modified performance-enhancing material. S3: Take 4 parts of phenolic resin, 1 part of ethyl acetate and 1 part of anhydrous ethanol by weight, mix them evenly and then prepare a diluted phenolic resin solution. S4: After blending the conductive synergistic material PPy@SiO2 obtained in step S1 with the modified performance enhancement material obtained in step S2, a phenolic resin diluent is added. The mass fraction of both PPy@SiO2 and the modified performance enhancement material is 5% of the phenolic resin. After dispersion, stirring, and vacuum degassing, PF5 is obtained. Using a coating tester, PF5 is coated into a film at a speed of 5 mm / s to obtain a conductive modified phenolic resin film F5 with a thickness of 400 µm. S5: Add the modified performance enhancement material obtained in step S2 to the phenolic resin diluent, wherein the amount of the modified performance enhancement material added is 3% of the phenolic resin diluent. After ultrasonic dispersion, mechanical stirring and vacuum degassing, PF6 is obtained. Using a coating tester, PF6 is coated into a film at a speed of 5 mm / s to obtain an insulating modified phenolic resin film F6 with a thickness of 400 µm. S6: Take PTFE / aramid blended fabric, immerse the PTFE / aramid blended fabric in phenolic resin dilution for 60 minutes, take it out and remove the surface glue, and air dry to obtain the pretreated fabric. S7: F6 is tightly bonded to the first surface of the pretreated fabric using a hot-pressing process for pre-curing at 90℃, 3MPa, and 30min to ensure good interfacial bonding between the F6 film and the pretreated fabric, forming an insulating and protective layer. F5 is tightly bonded to the second surface of the pretreated fabric using a hot-pressing process for pre-curing at 90℃, 3MPa, and 30min to ensure good interfacial bonding between the F5 film and the pretreated fabric, forming a conductive warning layer. Then, the pre-cured fabric is sequentially cured in sections at 120℃, 135℃, and 180℃, with each section curing for 2 hours to obtain a padding material, which is named M3.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] Conductivity-wear performance test The tribological properties of the specimens were tested using a screen-display end-face friction and wear testing machine at room temperature, with a load of 500 N and a sliding speed of 0.36 m / s. At the same time, the resistance value of the intelligent self-lubricating pad was measured in real time using a multimeter. All test conditions were 220 MPa load, frequency of 10 times / min, swing angle of ±25°, and 100,000 swings.

[0062] The curves showing the changes in friction coefficient and conductivity signals of product M1 over time during the friction test are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the curves of the friction coefficient and conductivity signals of product M2 changing with time during the friction experiment are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the curves of the friction coefficient and conductivity signals of product M3 changing with time during the friction experiment are as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0063] As can be seen from the above experimental results, the novel liner material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings prepared by the method provided by the present invention has wear condition monitoring function and has the advantages of low friction coefficient, high sensitivity of wear monitoring and early warning, and fast response speed.

[0064] While the disclosure is as stated above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing a novel gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating plain bearing, characterized by, Includes the following steps: S1: Preparation of conductive synergistic materials; S2: Preparation of modified and enhanced materials; S3: Prepare a phenolic resin diluent; S4: After blending the conductive synergistic material with the modified performance-enhancing material, add phenolic resin diluent, disperse, stir, degas, and then coat to form a film to obtain a conductive modified phenolic resin film. S5: The modified performance-enhancing material is added to a phenolic resin diluent, dispersed, stirred, and degassed, and then coated into a film to obtain an insulating modified phenolic resin film. S6: Take the fabric, immerse the fabric in a phenolic resin dilution solution, remove it and remove the surface glue, and air dry to obtain the pretreated fabric. S7: A novel pad material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings is prepared by antagonistic impregnation, wherein the antagonistic impregnation includes the following steps: pressing the insulating modified phenolic resin film onto the first surface of the pretreated fabric by hot pressing, pressing the conductive modified phenolic resin film onto the second surface of the pretreated fabric by hot pressing, and obtaining the novel pad material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings after pre-curing and segmented curing.

2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein The conductive synergistic material is a composite material, which is composed of a base material and a conductive material; or it is composed of a conductive material and a conductive reinforcing material. The conductive material is selected from any one or more of pyrrole, aniline, thiophene, acetylene, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, metal powder, metal oxide, and ceramics. The conductive reinforcing material is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate).

3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein The base material is a lubricating material and / or a wear-resistant material. The lubricating material is selected from any one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyetheretherketone, nylon, polyimide, molybdenum disulfide, and tungsten disulfide. The wear-resistant material is selected from any one or more of zirconium dioxide, yttrium oxide, silicon dioxide, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and basalt fiber.

4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein Step S2 includes the following steps: The performance-enhancing material was placed in N-methylpyrrolidone, dispersed, and then a silane coupling agent was added. The mixture was refluxed at 60-80℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain the modified performance-enhancing material.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The performance-enhancing material is selected from any one or more of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride, calcium sulfate whiskers, calcium carbonate whiskers, and aluminum borate whiskers.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The silane coupling agent is selected from any one or more of KH550, KH570, and KH590.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes the following steps: Take 2-4 parts by weight of phenolic resin, 1 part of ethyl acetate, and 1 part of anhydrous ethanol, mix them evenly, and then prepare a diluted phenolic resin solution.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the mass ratio of the conductive synergistic material to the modified performance-enhancing material is 1:(1~2). In step S4, the thickness of the conductive modified phenolic resin film is 100~500µm. In step S4, the total amount of the conductive synergistic material added does not exceed 20 wt% of the phenolic resin. In step S5, the total amount of the modified performance-enhancing material added is 2-5 wt% of the phenolic resin. In step S5, the thickness of the insulating modified phenolic resin film is 100~500µm.

9. A novel gasket material for intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearings, characterized in that, The novel gasket material for the intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing is prepared by any one of the preparation methods described in claims 1 to 8.

10. The application of the novel gasket material for the intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The novel gasket material for the intelligent self-lubricating spherical bearing is used in the preparation of a self-lubricating spherical bearing with real-time wear condition monitoring and early warning functions.

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