A hoisting beam body and steel wire rope bidirectional protection device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to a bidirectional protection device and method for lifting beams and wire ropes. The device includes at least one protection module, comprising an upper protection seat and a lower protection seat, which are fixedly connected by a plug-in mechanism. The upper protection seat has a rebar clearance groove; the lower protection seat has a connecting groove that connects to a wedge-shaped connecting plate and is equipped with the plug-in mechanism. The upper and lower arc-shaped rope support grooves together form a wrapping channel, which has an arc-shaped groove in which an arc-shaped slider is installed. Both the upper and lower protection seats have inner grooves containing elastic damping mechanisms. The inner walls of both the upper and lower protection seats are covered with a biomimetic damping protective layer. This invention converts tensile force into self-increasing clamping force through wedge self-locking, is adaptable to various types of precast concrete beams, is easy to assemble and disassemble, reusable, and equipped with standardized protection methods, significantly improving lifting safety and construction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge engineering precast component hoisting construction technology, specifically to a bidirectional protection device and method for hoisting beams and wire ropes. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of highway, municipal, and high-speed railway bridge projects, the hoisting of precast concrete beams is a core process in the superstructure construction. Precast beams such as small box girders and hollow slab girders are heavy and have brittle edges, requiring wire ropes to be directly tied to the flanges or top edges of the beams during hoisting, which can easily lead to multiple construction problems. Current hoisting protection methods mostly use simple rubber pads and steel plate pads for temporary protection, lacking standardized design and exhibiting significant technical deficiencies. 1. The top of the beam is densely covered with embedded U-shaped stirrups and vertical steel bars. Traditional protective devices do not have a universal steel bar avoidance structure. They are easily lifted by the steel bars and cannot fit the beam surface, resulting in uneven stress and cracking of the concrete corners. The protective devices have extremely poor versatility. 2. The steel wire rope is tied at an angle to form a 90° wrap angle, which generates rigid friction, compression and tension with the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. Traditional protection can only achieve simple padding on one side, without a method or structural design for full protection. The steel wire rope wears out quickly and is prone to scraping and breaking the concrete of the beam. 3. The lack of a self-adaptive sliding and reset structure for the wire rope makes it prone to tensile and bending damage during hoisting due to rigid tension. At the same time, the beam is subjected to hard friction and tensile reaction force from the wire rope, resulting in prominent corner damage. 4. The buckle structure lacks an adaptive gear design, making it unable to adapt to beam edges of different thicknesses. Poor contact surface fit can easily cause device misalignment, further exacerbating damage to the beam and wire rope.

[0003] While some existing technologies employ split-type lifting pads with avoidance structures, they lack a continuous adaptable structure designed for the diverse reinforcement arrangements of concrete beams. Furthermore, they fail to develop a standardized lifting protection method for use with the device, and lack adaptive structures for wire rope slider slippage, pendulum self-correction, and damping reset. Consequently, they cannot fundamentally address the core issues of beam cracking and wire rope wear, making them unsuitable for lifting various types of precast concrete beams. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a bidirectional protection device for both the beam and wire rope during lifting, along with a standardized and universal lifting protection method. This would enable adaptable protection for different reinforcement arrangements and beam types, preventing damage to the beam and wire rope from lifting tension. This is a critical technical problem urgently needing to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a two-way protection device and method for hoisting beams and wire ropes, which solves the technical problems of traditional protection devices being unable to universally avoid reinforcing bars, beams being prone to cracking, and wire ropes being prone to wear. It achieves two-way protection for beams and wire ropes, has wide adaptability, and improves the safety, stability and construction efficiency of hoisting operations.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A bidirectional protection device for lifting beams and wire ropes includes at least one protection module. The protection module includes an upper protection seat and a lower protection seat adapted to the cross-section of a precast concrete beam. The upper protection seat and the lower protection seat are fixedly connected by a plug-in mechanism. The upper protective seat has an inverted concave structure. Both sides of the bottom of the upper protective seat are provided with wedge-shaped connecting plates. Slots are opened on the outer side of the wedge-shaped connecting plates. Several steel bar clearance slots are opened on the top of the upper protective seat. The steel bars pre-embedded in the top of the beam are embedded in the steel bar clearance slots so that the upper protective seat fits snugly with the beam. The lower protective seat has a concave structure. Both sides of the top of the lower protective seat are provided with connecting grooves, which are connected to wedge-shaped connecting plates. Both sides of the lower protective seat are provided with plug-in mechanisms that are compatible with the slots. The plug-in mechanisms pass through the lower protective seat and are embedded in the slots. The upper protective seat has an upper arc-shaped rope support groove on its middle surface, and the lower protective seat has a lower arc-shaped rope support groove on its middle surface. The upper and lower arc-shaped rope support grooves together form a wrapping channel for the steel wire rope. Arc-shaped grooves are provided at the four corners of the wrapping channel. Arc-shaped sliders are slidably installed in the arc-shaped grooves. The upper and lower protective seats each have an inner groove in the middle that corresponds to the arc-shaped groove. An elastic damping mechanism connected to the arc-shaped slider is provided in the inner groove. Both the upper and lower protective seats have biomimetic damping protective layers on their inner walls for damping vibration reduction and protecting the beam's edges.

[0006] Furthermore, through holes are provided on both sides of the lower protective seat, and the through holes on both sides are symmetrically arranged. When the upper protective seat is connected to the lower protective seat, the insertion mechanism passes through the through holes and enters the slot.

[0007] Furthermore, the insertion mechanism includes a wedge-shaped insertion plate and a fixing post. One end of the wedge-shaped insertion plate slides through the through hole into the connecting groove, and the other end is provided with fixing posts on both the left and right sides. One end of the fixing post is provided with a head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower protective seat. A spring is sleeved on the surface of the fixing post, one end of the spring abuts against the head of the fixing post, and the other end abuts against the wedge-shaped insertion plate.

[0008] Furthermore, a support rod is installed on the top of the wedge-shaped plug plate. The support rod is rotatably positioned between the left and right fixed posts. Rotating the support rod abuts against the surface of the lower protective seat, so that the wedge-shaped plug plate can be disengaged from the connection slot, thereby unlocking and disassembling it.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner wall of the inner groove is provided with a through groove, and the inner groove is connected to the upper arc-shaped rope support groove and the lower arc-shaped rope support groove respectively through the through groove.

[0010] Furthermore, the elastic damping mechanism includes a shaft, a connecting plate, and elastic dampers. The shaft is rotatably installed inside the inner groove. One end of the connecting plate is connected to the shaft, and the other end passes through the through groove and is connected to the arc-shaped slider. Elastic dampers are installed on both sides of the connecting plate. One end of the elastic damper is hinged to the connecting plate, and the other end is hinged to the inner wall of the inner groove, forming a pendulum self-correcting sliding structure that can slide, swing, and automatically return to center.

[0011] Furthermore, both the upper and lower protective seats are provided with splicing blocks at one end along their length extension direction and splicing grooves at the other end. The protective modules are connected to each other by bolts through the splicing blocks and splicing grooves to form a multi-segment splicing structure to adapt to beams of different sizes.

[0012] Furthermore, the biomimetic damping protective layer is made of polyurethane rubber material. The surface of the layer features a biomimetic octopus suction cup array, with a multi-level shear damping layer on the inner side and flexible shear gaps between the layers. Specifically, the thickness of the biomimetic damping protective layer is 3-5mm. Using this structure, during hoisting, the suction cups deform slightly, generating negative pressure to adaptively adhere to the micropores on the concrete surface, forming a mechanical interlocking and flexible adsorption. This achieves slip-free adhesion without the need for bonding or binding, avoiding rigid contact between the metal protective base and the concrete beam that could cause corner cracking. The multi-level shear damping layer dissipates hoisting vibrations and impacts through flexible shearing between layers, further suppressing corner cracking of the concrete, providing a protective effect far superior to traditional rubber pads.

[0013] Furthermore, the surface of the arc-shaped slider is provided with a wear-resistant and anti-slip layer to resist the wear caused by the wire rope on the arc-shaped slider. Specifically, the wear-resistant and anti-slip layer is made of nitrile rubber. The friction between the wear-resistant and anti-slip layer and the wire rope is moderate, which not only ensures the limiting position but also reduces sliding wear. The arc-shaped slider does not jam and reset without lag, realizing flexible sliding of the wire rope and long-term protection.

[0014] Furthermore, the arc-shaped sliders are made of alloy steel, and multiple sets of arc-shaped sliders are arranged parallel to the axial direction of the wire rope. These multiple sets of arc-shaped sliders 4 are respectively connected to the right-angled enclosing channel formed by the upper arc-shaped rope support groove 104 and the lower arc-shaped rope support groove 202, forming a pendulum-like suspension structure. With this structure, the arc-shaped sliders can slide slightly along the axial direction of the wire rope and swing slightly laterally, adapting to the swaying and pulling during the hoisting process. After being subjected to external force for sliding and swinging, the arc-shaped sliders automatically return to the middle position under the restoring force of the elastic damping mechanism, achieving self-correction of the wire rope position, preventing deviation and detachment.

[0015] Furthermore, both the upper and lower protective seats are made of Q235 steel plates with a thickness of 8-12mm, formed by stamping.

[0016] Furthermore, the insertion mechanism is made of 45 steel that has been quenched and galvanized.

[0017] Furthermore, both the arc-shaped slider and the elastic damping mechanism are spring steel-rubber composite structures and are treated with anti-corrosion measures.

[0018] A method employing the bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes as described above includes the following steps: Select the appropriate size protective device according to the beam size, place the upper protective seat of the protective device on the top of the beam, so that the pre-embedded steel bar is embedded in the steel bar clearance groove, and the biomimetic damping protective layer fits the beam. The lower protective seat is lifted to the bottom of the beam and aligned with the upper protective seat for splicing, so that the wedge-shaped connecting plate is inserted into the connecting groove, and the insertion mechanism automatically inserts into the slot to complete rigid clamping. Multiple protective modules are spliced ​​together to accommodate beams of different lengths for hoisting; The wire rope is embedded into the wrapping channel, so that the wire rope fits the arc-shaped slider, ensuring that the wire rope can slide and automatically reset. The protective device and the beam are lifted; during lifting, the tension is converted into a self-increasing clamping force, and the biomimetic damping protective layer protects the beam; the arc-shaped slider slides with the wire rope and self-corrects to avoid rigid tension and wear; After positioning, unlock the plug-in mechanism, remove the upper and lower protective seats in sequence, clean and inspect them, and then transfer them for reuse.

[0019] Furthermore, before hoisting the protective seat, pre-hoisting preparations and equipment checks are conducted. Specifically, pre-hoisting preparations include clearing the hoisting points on the beam; equipment checks include verifying the biomimetic damping protective layer, wear-resistant and anti-slip layer, arc-shaped slider, and plug-in mechanism are in good condition.

[0020] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The present invention adopts a flexible splicing structure to adapt to beams of different sizes; a steel bar clearance groove is set at the top so that the pre-embedded steel bars at the top of the beam are embedded in the steel bar clearance groove, so as to prevent the protective device from being pushed up by the steel bars, so that the upper protective seat fits with the beam and prevents the concrete corners from being cracked due to uneven stress. 2. The right-angle enclosing channel formed by the upper and lower protective seats of the present invention isolates the wire rope from the beam, allowing the wire rope to obtain a smooth arc transition channel at the position where it would normally need to bend around the edge of the beam at a right angle. This avoids stress concentration, local bending and rigid friction caused by the wire rope directly bending, thus eliminating the risk of the beam concrete being scraped and significantly reducing the bending damage of the wire rope itself. 3. This invention adopts a composite structure of arc-shaped slider, arc-shaped groove and elastic damping mechanism to replace the traditional roller, realizing sway self-adaptation and automatic reset; the arc-shaped slider can slide and swing with the wire rope and automatically return to center, adapting to the sway and traction during the hoisting process, realizing the self-correction of the wire rope position, without deviation or detachment; combined with the wear-resistant and anti-slip layer, it realizes the flexible sliding of the wire rope and long-term protection, solving the problem of wire rope wear and bending from the root; 4. The wedge-shaped plug plate of the present invention automatically inserts into the slot under the action of the spring to complete self-locking, and the support rod assists in unlocking, resulting in high construction efficiency; the modular splicing structure can be extended along the length direction to adapt to different beam lengths, and the protective device can be reused, effectively reducing economic costs; 5. This invention adopts a biomimetic octopus suction cup negative pressure adsorption and a multi-level shear damping vibration reduction structure. When the hoisting is under stress, the suction cup slightly deforms to generate negative pressure, which adaptively adheres to the concrete surface. It can achieve slip-free adhesion without the need for bonding or binding, avoiding the edge cracking caused by rigid contact. The multi-level shear damping layer dissipates the hoisting vibration and impact, and the protective effect is far superior to that of traditional rubber flat pads, effectively preventing concrete edge cracking and falling off. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the insertion mechanism in this invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the splicing state of the present invention.

[0028] In the picture: 1-Upper protective seat; 101-Wedge-shaped connecting plate; 102-Slot; 103-Rebar clearance groove; 104-Upper arc-shaped rope support groove; 2-Lower protective seat; 201-Connecting groove; 202-Lower arc-shaped rope support groove; 3-Plug-in mechanism; 301-Wedge-shaped plug-in plate; 302-Fixed column; 303-Spring; 4-Arc-shaped slider; 5-Inner groove; 6-Elastic damping mechanism; 601-Shaft; 602-Connecting plate; 603-Through groove; 604-Elastic damper; 7-Support rod; 8-Splicing block; 801-Splicing groove; 9-Bionic damping protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a bidirectional protection device for a hoisting beam and wire rope includes at least one protection module. The protection module includes an upper protection seat 1 and a lower protection seat 2 adapted to the cross section of a precast concrete beam. The upper protection seat 1 and the lower protection seat 2 are fixedly connected by a plug-in mechanism 3. The upper protective seat 1 has an inverted concave structure. Both sides of the bottom of the upper protective seat 1 are provided with wedge-shaped connecting plates 101. The outer side of the wedge-shaped connecting plates 101 is provided with slots 102. The top of the upper protective seat 1 is provided with several steel bar clearance slots 103. The steel bars pre-embedded at the top of the beam are embedded in the steel bar clearance slots 103 so that the upper protective seat 1 fits against the beam. The lower protective seat 2 has a concave structure. Both sides of the top of the lower protective seat 2 are provided with connecting grooves 201. The connecting grooves 201 are connected to the wedge-shaped connecting plate 101. Both sides of the lower protective seat 2 are provided with insertion mechanisms 3 that are adapted to the slot 102. The insertion mechanisms 3 pass through the lower protective seat 2 and are embedded in the slot 102. The upper protective seat 1 has an upper arc-shaped rope support groove 104 on its middle surface, and the lower protective seat 2 has a lower arc-shaped rope support groove 202 on its middle surface. The upper arc-shaped rope support groove 104 and the lower arc-shaped rope support groove 202 together form a wrapping channel adapted to the steel wire rope. Arc-shaped grooves are provided at the four corners of the wrapping channel. Arc-shaped sliders 4 are slidably installed in the arc-shaped grooves. The upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2 both have an inner groove 5 in the middle that corresponds to the arc-shaped groove. An elastic damping mechanism 6 connected to the arc-shaped slider 4 is provided in the inner groove 5. The inner walls of both the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2 are covered with a biomimetic damping protective layer 9, which is used for damping vibration reduction and protecting the edges of the beam.

[0031] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the lower protective seat 2 has through holes on both sides, which are symmetrically arranged. When the upper protective seat 1 is connected to the lower protective seat 2, the insertion mechanism 3 passes through the through holes and enters the slot 102. The insertion mechanism 3 includes a wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 and a fixing post 302. One end of the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 slides through the through hole into the connecting groove 201, and the other end has fixing posts 302 through both the left and right sides. One end of the fixing post 302 has a head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower protective seat 2. A spring 303 is sleeved on the surface of the fixing post 302. One end of the spring 303 abuts against the head of the fixing post 302, and the other end abuts against the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301. A support rod 7 is installed on the top of the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301. The support rod 7 is rotatably arranged between the left and right fixing posts 302. Rotating the support rod 7 abuts against the surface of the lower protective seat 2, so that the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 exits the connecting groove 201, thereby unlocking and disassembling it.

[0032] When the wedge-shaped connecting plate 101 of the upper protective seat 1 is inserted downward into the connecting groove 201 of the lower protective seat 2, the inclined surface of the front end of the wedge-shaped connecting plate 101 first contacts the inner inclined surface of the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301. As the insertion depth increases, the inclined surface of the wedge-shaped connecting plate 101 generates an outward horizontal thrust on the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301, forcing the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 to overcome the elastic force of the spring 303 and slide smoothly outward along the two fixed posts 302. At the same time, the spring 303 is compressed and stores energy. When the wedge-shaped connecting plate 101 continues to move downward until the slot 102 on its surface is directly opposite the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301, the external thrust on the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 disappears. At this time, the compressed spring 303 releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 to slide inward in the opposite direction along the fixed post 302, so that the end of the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 automatically inserts into the slot 102, completing the mechanical self-locking of the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2. The two fixed posts 302 provide precise sliding guidance for the wedge-shaped plug plate 301, ensuring that its movement direction is always perpendicular to the opening direction of the slot 102, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the plugging action.

[0033] During disassembly, the worker pulls the wedge-shaped connector plate 301 outward, causing its front end to exit the slot 102 and releasing the locking state on that side. Then, the support rod 7 is rotated so that its end rests against the outer surface of the lower protective seat 2. At this point, the compressed spring 303 releases its elasticity, pushing the wedge-shaped connector plate 301 outward. However, because the support rod 7 is already against the surface of the lower protective seat 2, forming a self-locking support structure, the wedge-shaped connector plate 301 remains in the pulled-out state and cannot be reset. The worker no longer needs to continuously pull the wedge-shaped connector plate 301, freeing their hands to operate the other connector mechanisms 3 in sequence. After all the wedge-shaped connector plates 301 have been pulled out and locked, the upper protective seat 1 is lifted upward to disengage the wedge-shaped connecting plate 101 from the connecting groove 201, completing the separation. After disassembly, the support rod 7 is rotated in the opposite direction to detach it from the surface of the lower protective seat 2 and retract it. The wedge-shaped connector plate 301 automatically resets under the action of the spring 303.

[0034] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the inner wall of the inner groove 5 has a through groove 603, which connects the inner groove 5 to the upper arc-shaped rope support groove 104 and the lower arc-shaped rope support groove 202 respectively. The elastic damping mechanism 6 includes a shaft 601, a connecting plate 602, and an elastic damper 604. The shaft 601 is rotatably installed inside the inner groove 5. One end of the connecting plate 602 is connected to the shaft 601, and the other end passes through the through groove 603 and is connected to the arc-shaped slider 4. Elastic dampers 604 are installed on both sides of the connecting plate 602. One end of the elastic damper 604 is hinged to the connecting plate 602, and the other end is hinged to the inner wall of the inner groove 5, forming a pendulum self-correcting sliding structure that can slide, swing, and automatically return to center.

[0035] When the arc-shaped slider 4 slides along the arc-shaped trajectory under the pull of the wire rope, the sliding motion of the arc-shaped slider 4 is directly transmitted to the connecting plate 602 because one end of the connecting plate 602 passes through the through groove 603 and is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped slider 4. The connecting plate 602 is fixedly installed on the shaft 601, and the shaft 601 is rotatably installed inside the inner groove 5 and coaxially arranged with the arc-shaped corner. Therefore, the connecting plate 602 drives the shaft 601 to rotate around its axis. The two sides of the connecting plate 602 are respectively hinged to the telescopic ends of two elastic dampers 604. When the connecting plate 602 rotates with the shaft 601, one side of the connecting plate 602 applies a compressive force to the elastic damper 604 connected to it, causing the telescopic end of the elastic damper 604 to contract inward, and the internal damping medium generates a damping force to resist the compression. Simultaneously, the other side of the connecting plate 602 applies a tensile force to another elastic damper 604 connected to it, causing the telescopic end of the elastic damper 604 to extend outward, and its internal damping medium generates a damping force to resist the tension. The two elastic dampers 604 work synchronously, providing compression damping and tension damping respectively, and together converting the sliding kinetic energy of the arc-shaped slider 4 into heat dissipation inside the elastic damper 604. After the external force of the wire rope is removed, the two compressed or stretched elastic dampers 604 simultaneously release their stored elastic potential energy, generating opposite restoring forces, driving the connecting plate 602 and the shaft 601 to rotate in the opposite direction, and through the connecting plate 602, driving the arc-shaped slider 4 to slide in the opposite direction along the arc trajectory until the arc-shaped slider 4 returns to its initial equilibrium position.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 7As shown, both the upper protective base 1 and the lower protective base 2 are equipped with splicing blocks 8 at one end along their length extension direction and splicing grooves 801 at the other end. The protective modules are connected to each other by bolts through the splicing blocks 8 and splicing grooves 801 to form a multi-segment splicing structure to adapt to beams of different sizes. Through the insertion and bolt fixing of the splicing blocks 8 and splicing grooves 801, modular free expansion in the length direction is achieved, and the components can be replaced individually, enabling long-term reuse, reducing waste of disposable consumables, meeting the requirements of green construction, and demonstrating significant economic and environmental benefits.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the biomimetic damping protective layer 9 is made of polyurethane rubber. The surface of the biomimetic damping protective layer 9 features a biomimetic octopus suction cup array, with a multi-level shear damping layer on the inner side and flexible shear gaps between the layers. Specifically, the thickness of the biomimetic damping protective layer 9 is 3-5mm. Using this structure, during hoisting, the suction cups deform slightly, generating negative pressure to adaptively adhere to the micropores on the concrete surface, forming a mechanical interlocking and flexible adsorption. This achieves slip-free adhesion without the need for bonding or binding, avoiding rigid contact between the metal protective seat and the concrete beam that could cause corner cracking. The multi-level shear damping layer dissipates hoisting vibration and impact through flexible shearing between layers, further suppressing corner cracking of the concrete. Its protective effect is far superior to traditional rubber flat pads, providing an equivalent damper vibration reduction effect, dispersing concentrated stress at sharp corners, and preventing concrete corner chipping and spalling. The static friction coefficient of the multi-level shear damping layer is ≥0.7, combining buffering and vibration reduction with anti-slip properties. After the beam is in place, the tension of the wire rope is completely released, the squeezing pressure between the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2 and the beam disappears, the negative pressure of the suction cup disappears automatically, the suction force drops significantly, and the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2 can be removed.

[0038] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the surface of the arc-shaped slider 4 is provided with a wear-resistant and anti-slip layer to resist the wear caused by the wire rope on the arc-shaped slider 4. The friction between the wear-resistant and anti-slip layer and the wire rope is moderate, which ensures both limiting and reduces sliding wear. The arc-shaped slider 4 is free from jamming and has no lag in resetting, realizing flexible sliding of the wire rope and long-term protection. Preferably, the wear-resistant and anti-slip layer is made of nitrile rubber. The wear-resistant and anti-slip layer of nitrile rubber isolates the wire rope from the rigid metal, transforming cutting wear into flexible wear, significantly extending the service life of the wire rope. The moderate coefficient of friction achieves a balance between anti-slip and smooth operation, while the excellent wear resistance, oil resistance, and aging resistance of nitrile rubber ensure the long-term durability of the lining.

[0039] The arc-shaped slider 4 is made of alloy steel and has multiple sets arranged parallel to the axial direction of the wire rope. These sets of sliders connect to the right-angled channel formed by the upper arc-shaped rope support groove 104 and the lower arc-shaped rope support groove 202, forming a pendulum-like suspension structure. With this structure, the arc-shaped slider 4 can slide slightly along the axial direction of the wire rope and swing slightly laterally, adapting to swaying and pulling during hoisting. After sliding and swinging under external force, the arc-shaped slider 4 automatically returns to the center position under the restoring force of the elastic damping mechanism, achieving self-correction of the wire rope position, preventing deviation or detachment.

[0040] Preferably, both the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2 are made of Q235 steel plate with a thickness of 8-12mm, formed by stamping. The plug-in mechanism 3 is made of 45 steel, quenched and galvanized. The arc-shaped slider 4 and the elastic damping mechanism 6 are both spring steel-rubber composite structures and are treated with anti-corrosion measures.

[0041] A method employing the bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes as described above includes the following steps: Before hoisting the protective seat 1, pre-hoisting preparations and equipment checks are carried out. Specifically, pre-hoisting preparations include cleaning the beam hoisting points; equipment checks include checking that the bionic damping protective layer 9, wear-resistant and anti-slip layer, arc-shaped slider 4, and plug-in mechanism 3 are in good condition. Select the appropriate size protective device according to the beam size, place the upper protective seat 1 of the protective device on the top of the beam, so that the pre-embedded steel bar is embedded in the steel bar clearance groove 103, and the bionic damping protective layer 9 fits the beam. The lower protective seat 2 is lifted to the bottom of the beam and aligned with the upper protective seat 1 for splicing, so that the wedge-shaped connecting plate 101 is inserted into the connecting groove 201, and the insertion mechanism 3 is automatically inserted into the slot 102 to complete rigid clamping. Multiple protective modules are spliced ​​together to accommodate beams of different lengths for hoisting; Embed the wire rope into the wrapping channel so that the wire rope fits the arc-shaped slider 4, ensuring that the wire rope can slide and automatically reset. The protective device and the beam are lifted; during lifting, the tension is converted into a self-increasing clamping force, and the biomimetic damping protective layer 9 protects the beam; the arc-shaped slider 4 slides with the wire rope and self-corrects to avoid rigid tension and wear; After positioning, unlock the plug-in mechanism 3, remove the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2 in sequence, clean and inspect them, and then transfer them for reuse.

[0042] The working principle of this invention is as follows: In use, the beam is first placed inside the lower protective seat 2, then the upper protective seat 1 is placed on top of the beam, aligning the reinforcing bars at the top of the beam with the reinforcing bar clearance slot 103. The wedge-shaped connecting plate 101 at the bottom of the upper protective seat 1 is inserted into the connecting groove 201 at the top of the lower protective seat 2. During insertion, the wedge-shaped connecting plate 101 presses against the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 of the insertion mechanism 3, causing it to slide outward along the fixed post 302 and compress the spring 303. When the slot 102 moves to be directly opposite the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301, the spring 303 resets, pushing the wedge-shaped insertion plate 301 into the slot 102, thus achieving a quick self-locking connection between the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2.

[0043] After connection, the upper arc-shaped rope support groove 104 on the outer surface of the upper protective seat 1 and the lower arc-shaped rope support groove 202 on the outer surface of the lower protective seat 2 together form a complete right-angle wrapping channel. When the wire rope passes through this channel, all rigid contact points between it and the top and bottom surfaces of the beam are isolated by the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2. During hoisting, the wire rope only contacts the upper arc-shaped rope support groove 104, the lower arc-shaped rope support groove 202, and the arc-shaped slider 4, without contacting the concrete surface of the beam, thus achieving all-round wrapping protection of the 90° wrapping angle area of ​​the wire rope.

[0044] When the wire rope experiences oblique pulling, slight axial sliding, or lateral swaying during hoisting, it comes into contact with each set of arc-shaped sliders 4 and causes them to slide along the arc-shaped trajectory.

[0045] When the arc-shaped slider 4 slides, it drives the shaft 601 to rotate in the inner groove 5 through the connecting plate 602. The two sides of the connecting plate 602 compress or stretch the two elastic dampers 604 respectively, so that the arc-shaped slider 4 adapts to the direction of the wire rope movement and transforms the rigid sliding friction between the wire rope and the protective seat into low-resistance sliding between the arc-shaped slider 4 and the upper arc-shaped rope support groove 104 and the lower arc-shaped rope support groove 202. At the same time, the elastic dampers 604 provide controllable damping for the slider movement and absorb the tensile, bending and vibration energy of the wire rope.

[0046] After the external force on the wire rope is removed, the restoring force of the two elastic dampers 604 drives the connecting plate 602 and the arc-shaped slider 4 to automatically return to the initial equilibrium position along the original path, ensuring that the state of each slider group is consistent during continuous hoisting operations without manual intervention.

[0047] In addition, for heavier or longer beams, multiple sets of protective devices can be connected in series along the length direction through splicing blocks 8 and splicing grooves 801, and fixed with bolts to form continuous protection.

[0048] The main functions of this invention are: 1. The present invention adopts a flexible splicing structure to adapt to beams of different sizes; a steel bar clearance slot 103 is set at the top so that the pre-embedded steel bars at the top of the beam are embedded in the steel bar clearance slot 103, so as to prevent the protective device from being pushed up by the steel bars, so that the upper protective seat 1 fits with the beam and prevents the concrete corners from being cracked due to uneven stress. 2. The right-angle enclosing channel formed by the upper protective seat 1 and the lower protective seat 2 of the present invention isolates the wire rope from the beam, so that the wire rope obtains a smooth arc transition channel at the position where it originally needed to go around the edge of the beam at a right angle. This avoids stress concentration, local bending and rigid friction caused by the wire rope directly bending. It eliminates the risk of the beam concrete being scraped and collapses, and significantly reduces the bending damage of the wire rope itself. 3. This invention adopts a composite structure of arc-shaped slider 4, arc-shaped groove and elastic damping mechanism 6 to replace the traditional roller, realizing sway self-adaptation and automatic reset; the arc-shaped slider 4 can slide and swing with the wire rope and automatically return to center, adapting to the sway and traction during the hoisting process, realizing the self-correction of the wire rope position, without deviation or detachment; combined with the wear-resistant and anti-slip layer, it realizes the flexible sliding and long-term protection of the wire rope, solving the problem of wire rope wear and bending from the root; 4. The wedge-shaped plug plate 301 of the present invention automatically inserts into the slot 102 under the action of the spring 303 to complete self-locking, and the support rod 7 assists in unlocking, resulting in high construction efficiency; the modular splicing structure can be extended along the length direction to adapt to different beam lengths, and the protective device can be reused, effectively reducing economic costs; 5. This invention adopts a biomimetic octopus suction cup negative pressure adsorption and a multi-level shear damping vibration reduction structure. When the hoisting is under stress, the suction cup slightly deforms to generate negative pressure, which adaptively adheres to the concrete surface. It can achieve slip-free adhesion without the need for bonding or binding, avoiding the edge cracking caused by rigid contact. The multi-level shear damping layer dissipates the hoisting vibration and impact, and the protective effect is far superior to that of traditional rubber flat pads, effectively preventing concrete edge cracking and falling off.

[0049] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes, characterized in that: It includes at least one protective module, which includes an upper protective seat and a lower protective seat adapted to the cross section of the precast concrete beam. The upper protective seat and the lower protective seat are fixedly connected by a plug-in mechanism. The upper protective seat has an inverted concave structure. Both sides of the bottom of the upper protective seat are provided with wedge-shaped connecting plates. Slots are opened on the outer side of the wedge-shaped connecting plates. Several steel bar clearance slots are opened on the top of the upper protective seat. The steel bars pre-embedded in the top of the beam are embedded in the steel bar clearance slots so that the upper protective seat fits snugly with the beam. The lower protective seat has a concave structure. Both sides of the top of the lower protective seat are provided with connecting grooves, which are connected to wedge-shaped connecting plates. Both sides of the lower protective seat are provided with plug-in mechanisms that are compatible with the slots. The plug-in mechanisms pass through the lower protective seat and are embedded in the slots. The upper protective seat has an upper arc-shaped rope support groove on its middle surface, and the lower protective seat has a lower arc-shaped rope support groove on its middle surface. The upper and lower arc-shaped rope support grooves together form a wrapping channel for the steel wire rope. Arc-shaped grooves are provided at the four corners of the wrapping channel. Arc-shaped sliders are slidably installed in the arc-shaped grooves. The upper and lower protective seats each have an inner groove in the middle that corresponds to the arc-shaped groove. An elastic damping mechanism connected to the arc-shaped slider is provided in the inner groove. Both the upper and lower protective seats have biomimetic damping protective layers on their inner walls for damping vibration reduction and protecting the beam's edges.

2. The bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower protective seat has through holes on both sides, and the through holes on both sides are symmetrically arranged. When the upper protective seat is connected to the lower protective seat, the insertion mechanism passes through the through holes and enters the slot.

3. The bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The insertion mechanism includes a wedge-shaped insertion plate and a fixing post. One end of the wedge-shaped insertion plate slides through the through hole into the connecting groove, and the other end is provided with fixing posts on both the left and right sides. One end of the fixing post is provided with a head, and the other end is fixedly connected to the lower protective seat. A spring is sleeved on the surface of the fixing post. One end of the spring abuts against the head of the fixing post, and the other end abuts against the wedge-shaped insertion plate.

4. The bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes according to claim 3, characterized in that: A support rod is installed on the top of the wedge-shaped plug plate. The support rod is rotatably positioned between the left and right fixed columns. Rotating the support rod abuts against the surface of the lower protective seat, so that the wedge-shaped plug plate can be removed from the connection groove.

5. The bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the inner groove has a through groove, which connects the inner groove to the upper arc-shaped rope support groove and the lower arc-shaped rope support groove respectively.

6. The bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic damping mechanism includes a shaft, a connecting plate, and an elastic damper. The shaft is rotatably installed inside the inner groove. One end of the connecting plate is connected to the shaft, and the other end passes through the through groove and is connected to the arc-shaped slider. Elastic dampers are installed on both sides of the connecting plate. One end of the elastic damper is hinged to the connecting plate, and the other end is hinged to the inner wall of the inner groove.

7. The bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the upper and lower protective bases have splicing blocks at one end along their length and splicing slots at the other end. The protective modules are connected to each other through the splicing blocks and splicing slots to form a multi-segment splicing structure.

8. The bidirectional protection device for hoisting beams and wire ropes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biomimetic damping protective layer is made of polyurethane rubber material. The surface of the biomimetic damping protective layer is equipped with a biomimetic octopus suction cup array, and the inner side is composite with a multi-level shear damping layer.

9. A bidirectional protective device for hoisting beams and wire ropes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the curved slider is provided with a wear-resistant and anti-slip layer to resist the wear caused by the wire rope on the curved slider.

10. A method for using a bidirectional protective device for hoisting beams and wire ropes as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Select the appropriate size protective device according to the beam size, place the upper protective seat of the protective device on the top of the beam, so that the pre-embedded steel bar is embedded in the steel bar clearance groove, and the biomimetic damping protective layer fits the beam. The lower protective seat is lifted to the bottom of the beam and aligned with the upper protective seat for splicing, so that the wedge-shaped connecting plate is inserted into the connecting groove, and the insertion mechanism automatically inserts into the slot to complete rigid clamping. Multiple protective modules are spliced ​​together to accommodate beams of different lengths for hoisting; The wire rope is embedded into the wrapping channel, so that the wire rope fits the arc-shaped slider, ensuring that the wire rope can slide and automatically reset. The protective devices and the beam were lifted. After positioning, unlock the plug-in mechanism, remove the upper and lower protective seats in sequence, clean and inspect them, and then transfer them for reuse.

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