A marine hydrographic survey winch

Abstract

This invention discloses a shipboard hydrological survey winch, belonging to the field of marine deck machinery technology. It includes a base, a drum, a drive motor, a fixed plate, a set of stiff springs, a set of soft springs, and a movable plate. The fixed plate is fixed to the deck and has a central through-hole. The stiff spring set includes multiple sets of stiff spring units composed of a first spring and a first hydraulic cylinder, and the soft spring set includes multiple sets of soft spring units composed of a second spring and a second hydraulic cylinder. The stiff spring set has a higher stiffness than the soft spring set. The base is slidably mounted on the deck via guide rails, and the movable plate is connected to the base via a sliding column. The stiff spring set and the soft spring set are sandwiched between the fixed plate and the movable plate. An accelerometer detects the vertical undulation displacement of the hull, and a strain gauge detects the tension on the sliding column. The controller dynamically controls the extension, retraction, and locking of the hydraulic cylinders based on the detection data, so that the greater the undulation displacement, the more soft spring units are engaged; the greater the tension, the more stiff spring units are engaged. This invention solves the problem of the non-adjustable stiffness of traditional integrated spring bases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a ship hydrographic survey winch. Background Technology

[0002] Shipboard hydrological survey winches are core specialized equipment for inland waterway and marine hydrological monitoring and water profile measurement. They are mainly used for deploying and recovering precision hydrological instruments such as CTD (Conductivity, Temperature, Depth) meters, current velocity gauges, water samplers, sediment samplers, and underwater profilers. Equipped with armored signal transmission cables, they enable real-time acquisition and transmission of water body data such as depth, temperature, salinity, and current velocity. Hydrological survey operations are accompanied by the ship's undulating motion. Existing hydrological winches generally employ an integrated spring-loaded base to buffer and reduce vibration under wave conditions. This counteracts the sudden changes in tension of the armored signal cable caused by the ship's up-and-down movement, reducing the risk of broken strands, insulation damage, and internal signal wire breakage in the precision armored cable. It also protects the winch's precision transmission, depth counting encoder, braking structure, and underwater measurement sensor probes.

[0003] However, existing hydrological survey winches generally adopt an integrated spring buffer base to alleviate the problem of sudden changes in armor cable tension caused by the undulation of the ship's hull. The spring absorbs the wave impact through elastic deformation, reducing the risk of armor cable wear, wire breakage, and signal core breakage, and protecting the winch's precision transmission and depth measurement structure. However, this type of integrated spring structure has an inherent technical contradiction that cannot be avoided: a single high-stiffness spring base has strong load-bearing capacity, small deformation under heavy load conditions when lowering heavy hydrological instruments (large-capacity water samplers, deep-water multi-parameter detection platforms), high accuracy in measuring operating depth, and high equipment stability, but its elastic deformation is small and its shock absorption and buffering performance is extremely poor. When facing large waves and large hull undulations, it cannot effectively dissipate instantaneous impact loads, causing violent fluctuations in the tension of the armored signal cable, which can easily cause cracking of the signal line inside the cable, fatigue fracture of the armored steel wire, and damage to the underwater probe when it hits the bottom. On the other hand, a single low-stiffness spring base has excellent buffering and shock absorption effects and can effectively adapt to large wave undulation conditions, protecting the precision armored cable and sensors, but its structural stiffness is insufficient. Under heavy load operations such as lowering heavy hydrological instruments and fixed-point hovering measurements, the base compression deformation is large, and the entire winch shakes and deviates severely, directly causing the depth counting encoder to exceed the standard depth measurement error and the profile measurement data to be distorted, which seriously affects the measurement accuracy of the hydrological winch and the structural stability of the equipment.

[0004] Currently, the hydrological surveying industry lacks a hydrological winch buffer base structure that can adaptively adjust stiffness according to real-time operating conditions. This makes it impossible to dynamically match the base's buffer stiffness based on the real-time tensile load of the armored cable (the weight of the hydrological instrument) and the vertical rise and fall of the hull. Furthermore, traditional spring bases lack an active adjustment mechanism, making it impossible to selectively switch between soft and hard spring states. This results in significant operational safety hazards under complex sea conditions, such as large fluctuations in armored cable tension, severe alternating fatigue damage to precision measuring equipment, failure of hydrological data acquisition, and damage to valuable underwater sensors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical shortcomings of existing shipborne hydrological survey winches, such as the non-adjustable stiffness of the elastic buffer base and the mutual constraints between heavy-load measurement stability and wave-damping protection performance, this invention provides a shipborne hydrological survey winch. Its adaptive variable stiffness buffer base, through a grouped soft-hard spring combination structure, combined with tension detection and hull undulation detection, achieves real-time adaptive adjustment of the base stiffness. This balances the structural stability of heavy-load hydrological instruments during measurement with the buffering and vibration-damping protection performance of armored signal cables and underwater sensors under high-wave conditions. It significantly reduces tension fluctuations in the armored cable, extends the service life of precision armored signal cables and hydrological sensors, and improves the safety and data acquisition accuracy of hydrological profile measurement operations in complex river, lake, and marine conditions.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The ship hydrographic survey winch includes:

[0007] Base; The drum is rotatably mounted on the base, and its outer surface is wound with armored signal cable. The drive motor is mounted on the base, and its output shaft is connected to the drum to drive the drum to rotate; A fixing plate, used to fix it to the deck of a ship, has a central perforation in the center; A stiff spring assembly includes multiple stiff spring units, which are evenly arranged around a central perforation and one end of each unit is fixedly connected to a fixed plate. Each stiff spring unit includes a first spring and a first hydraulic cylinder fitted in the first spring. The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the end of the first spring away from the fixed plate to control the contraction locking and elastic release of the first spring. The spring assembly includes multiple spring units, which are evenly arranged around a central perforation and one end of each spring is fixedly connected to a fixed plate. Each spring unit includes a second spring and a second hydraulic cylinder fitted inside the second spring. The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the end of the second spring away from the fixed plate to control the contraction locking and elastic release of the second spring. The wire diameter and stiffness of the second spring are smaller than those of the first spring. The guide rail is fixed to the deck, and the base is slidably mounted on the guide rail via a groove; The movable plate has a sliding column in the center of one side, which passes through the central perforation and connects to the base; the hard spring assembly and the soft spring assembly are located between the movable plate and the fixed plate; An accelerometer, mounted on the base, is used to detect the amount of vertical displacement of the base as the hull rises and falls. Strain gauges are attached to the sliding column to detect the magnitude of the force acting on the sliding column. The controller controls the soft spring group and hard spring group based on the values ​​converted from the acceleration sensor and strain gauge. The larger the displacement detection value, the more soft spring units are put into operation, and the larger the force value, the more hard spring units are put into operation.

[0008] Based on the above scheme, the following improvements are made: the first spring and the second spring are helical springs, and the diameter of the first spring is larger than the diameter of the second spring.

[0009] Based on the above scheme, further improvements are made as follows: A large through hole is coaxially provided on the movable plate for each hard spring unit, and a small through hole is coaxially provided for each soft spring unit. A large baffle is provided corresponding to each large through hole. The large baffle can move radially along the large through hole under the drive of a large hydraulic cylinder. The large baffle has a blocking position (to seal the large through hole) and an open position (away from the large through hole) during its movement stroke. The large baffle in the blocking position can cooperate with the corresponding hard spring unit for a stop. A small baffle is provided corresponding to each small through hole. The small baffle can move radially along the small through hole under the drive of a small hydraulic cylinder. The small baffle has a closing position (to seal the small through hole) and an open position (away from the small through hole) during its movement stroke. The small baffle in the closing position can cooperate with the corresponding soft spring unit for a stop.

[0010] Based on the above solution, the following improvements are made: a first mounting hole is provided on the movable plate corresponding to the large hydraulic cylinder and the large baffle, and a second mounting hole is provided corresponding to the small hydraulic cylinder and the small baffle.

[0011] Based on the above scheme, the following improvements are made: the movable plate is a multi-piece assembly structure to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of large and small hydraulic cylinders and large and small baffles.

[0012] Based on the above scheme, the following improvements are made: the hard spring unit includes a third hydraulic cylinder, the output end of the third hydraulic cylinder is connected to both the first hydraulic cylinder and the first spring through a transition plate, the other end of the third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to a fixed plate, and the free length of the first spring is less than the free length of the second spring.

[0013] Based on the above scheme, the following improvements are made: each hard spring unit is located on the same circle, and each soft spring unit surrounds the periphery of each hard spring unit.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this application are: To achieve adaptive stiffness adjustment and resolve the core technical contradictions of hydrological measurement equipment, this invention adopts an independent grouping structure of hard spring groups and soft spring groups. The hard spring groups have high stiffness and strong load-bearing capacity, making them suitable for heavy-duty hydrological detection platforms and large-capacity water samplers for heavy-load measurements. The soft spring groups have low stiffness and good buffering effect, making them suitable for lightweight CTDs and current velocity profile monitoring under windy and wavey sea conditions. The invention uses an accelerometer to detect the hull undulation displacement in real time and a strain gauge to detect the tension of the hydrological armored signal cable in real time. The controller dynamically controls the extension and locking of the hydraulic cylinder, so that the greater the undulation, the more soft springs are deployed, and the greater the tension, the more hard springs are deployed. This completely solves the inherent contradiction of traditional integrated spring bases, which suffer from "swaying under heavy load and damage to cables and sensors by large waves." It also meets the dual needs of stable voltage measurement for heavy hydrological instruments and buffering and shock absorption for armored cables and underwater probes under large wave conditions.

[0015] Significantly reducing tension fluctuations in hydrological armored signal cables and extending the service life of precision measurement cables, the adaptive variable stiffness buffer effectively absorbs the instantaneous impact of hull undulations, keeping the tension fluctuations of the armored cables within a reasonable range. This avoids wear on armored steel wires, cracking and breakage of internal signal lines, and damage to the insulation layer caused by sudden tension changes, eliminating problems such as interruption of underwater measurement data transmission and signal loss. It also significantly reduces the scrap rate of hydrological composite cables and reduces the risk of interruption in field hydrological survey operations.

[0016] Protecting the precision transmission and underwater measurement equipment of hydrological winches enhances the reliability of the entire hydrological monitoring system. Dynamically matching buffer stiffness significantly reduces damage from alternating impact loads to the base, bearings, gears, braking system, and high-precision depth counting encoder, minimizing structural loosening, weld cracking, and component fatigue damage. It also prevents encoder displacement deviation from causing distortion in depth measurement data. Simultaneously, it buffers surge impacts, preventing underwater sensors and sampling instruments from impacting the riverbed / seabed and causing damage, reducing equipment failure rates and field hydrological equipment maintenance costs, and extending the overall service life of the entire hydrological survey equipment.

[0017] It boasts high stability in hydrological measurement operations, adapting to all water areas and full-load testing conditions. Under heavy-load conditions, more stiff spring units are incorporated, resulting in minimal base deformation and minimal overall shaking or offset, ensuring the accuracy of data from fixed-point hovering flow measurement and deep-water profile measurement. Under high-wave conditions, more soft spring units are incorporated, providing excellent buffering and effectively reducing wave impact. It is suitable for various complex hydrological operation conditions, such as inland river still water testing, nearshore high-wind and wave sampling, heavy-duty deep-water exploration, and light-duty shallow-sea current velocity monitoring, demonstrating strong versatility and a wide range of applicable water areas.

[0018] With its compact structure and convenient installation and maintenance, it is suitable for the narrow deck of survey vessels and harsh hydrological conditions in the field. The overall structure has a high degree of integration, with hard spring groups and soft spring groups evenly arranged around the central perforation, ensuring uniform force distribution. The movable plate adopts an assembly structure, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of hydraulic cylinders and baffles for quick maintenance, and is suitable for the narrow deck operating space of hydrological survey vessels. The guide rail limits horizontal deviation and only retains vertical buffer displacement, eliminating measurement errors caused by horizontal swaying of the whole machine. The whole machine is suitable for the high salt spray and strong vibration field operation environment of ships, with good corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance, and is stable and reliable for long-term river, lake and ocean hydrological surveys. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a ship hydrographic survey winch according to the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Corresponding front view structure diagram; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 5 A front view of the fixed plate and the side where the stiff spring assembly and soft spring assembly are installed; Figure 6 This is the main view of the activity board; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a section at point C; Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of a rigid spring unit participating in buffering; In the diagram: 1-Base, 2-Drum, 3-Shaft, 4-Armored Signal Cable, 5-Drive Motor, 6-Fixing Plate, 61-Flange, 62-Bolt, 63-Central Through Hole, 7-Modible Plate, 71-Large Through Hole, 72-Small Through Hole, 73-Large Baffle, 74-Small Baffle, 75-Large Hydraulic Cylinder, 76-Small Hydraulic Cylinder, 77-First Mounting Hole, 78-Second Mounting Hole, 79-Removable Cover Plate, 710-Sealing Block, 711-Sliding Column, 8-Strong Spring Unit, 81-First Spring, 82-First Hydraulic Cylinder, 83-Transition Plate, 84-Third Hydraulic Cylinder, 9-Soft Spring Unit, 91-Second Spring, 92-Second Hydraulic Cylinder, 10-Guide Rail, 11-Acceleration Sensor, 12-Strain Gauge, 13-Oil Pipe, 14-Signal Line. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for explaining the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0021] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0022] It should be noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0023] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0024] A specific embodiment of a ship hydrographic survey winch according to the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 3 As shown, the ship hydrological survey winch of the present invention includes a base 1, a drum 2, a drive motor 5, a fixed plate 6, a hard spring assembly, a soft spring assembly, a guide rail 10, a movable plate 7, an acceleration sensor 11, a strain gauge 12, and a controller.

[0025] The base 1 is the main support structure of the ship hydrological survey winch. The drum 2 is rotatably mounted on the base 1 via the shaft 3. The outer surface of the drum 2 is wound with a hydrological special armored signal cable 4. The drive motor 5 is fixedly installed on the base 1, and its output shaft is connected to the shaft 3 to drive the drum 2 to rotate in both directions, thereby realizing the winding and unwinding of the armored signal cable 4.

[0026] The fixing plate 6 has a semi-circular upper part and a rectangular lower part. The bottom is fixed to the deck of the ship by flange 61 and bolts 62. A circular central through hole 63 is provided in the center of the fixing plate 6, and the central through hole 63 is concentric with the semi-circular part. The guide rail 10 is fixed to the deck and extends along the length of the hull. The bottom of the base 1 is provided with a dovetail-shaped sliding groove. The base 1 is slidably assembled on the dovetail-shaped guide rail 10 through the sliding groove, so that the base 1 can slide along the guide rail 10, retaining only vertical buffer displacement, avoiding the problem of deviation of the depth encoder reading and increased hydrological measurement error caused by horizontal swaying.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the movable plate 7 is located on the left side of the fixed plate 6. A sliding column 711 is vertically fixed in the center of the right side surface of the movable plate 7. The sliding column 711 passes through the central through hole 63 of the fixed plate 6 to the right, and the right end of the sliding column 711 is fixedly connected to the base 1. Both the hard spring group and the soft spring group are located between the fixed plate 6 and the movable plate 7, and are evenly arranged around the central through hole 63. The movable plate 7 transmits force to the fixed plate 6 through the hard spring group and the soft spring group.

[0028] Accelerometer 11 is mounted on the side wall of base 1 to detect the displacement of base 1 as the hull rises and falls vertically in real time; strain gauge 12 is attached to the cylindrical surface of sliding column 711 to detect the axial tensile force (i.e. the tensile force transmitted by armored signal cable 4) on sliding column 711 in real time; controller is electrically connected to accelerometer 11, strain gauge 12 and each hydraulic cylinder respectively, receives detection signals and outputs control commands.

[0029] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the hard spring assembly includes multiple hard spring units 8, which are arranged in a circular and uniform manner around the central through hole 63, with each hard spring unit 8 located on the same circumference.

[0030] Each stiffened spring unit 8 includes a first spring 81, a first hydraulic cylinder 82, a transition plate 83, and a third hydraulic cylinder 84. The right end of the cylinder body of the third hydraulic cylinder 84 is fixed to the fixed plate 6, and the left end of the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 84 is fixedly connected to the right surface of the transition plate 83. The right end of the cylinder body of the first hydraulic cylinder 82 is fixed to the transition plate 83. The first spring 81 is sleeved on the outside of the first hydraulic cylinder 82, and the right end of the first spring 81 is fixedly connected to the transition plate 83. The left end of the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 82 is fixedly connected to the left end of the first spring 81 through a circular plate.

[0031] The first spring 81 is a large-diameter, high-stiffness helical spring, primarily used for heavy-duty descent of heavy hydrological instruments (deep-water sampling platforms, large-capacity multi-parameter detectors) and pressure stabilization during fixed-point flow measurement. The third hydraulic cylinder 84 is used for coarse adjustment of the position of the hard spring unit 8, and also to ensure that the hard spring unit 8 is initially inactive under high waves and heavy loads, only engaging after the soft spring unit 9 has been compressed to a certain extent. The first hydraulic cylinder 82 is used for precise control of the contraction locking and elastic release of the first spring 81. Under low waves and heavy loads, the third hydraulic cylinder 82... The hydraulic lines corresponding to the three hydraulic cylinders 84 are pressurized to supply oil, causing the output rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 84 to extend and push the transition plate 83, providing rigid support to the transition plate 83 so that the hard spring unit 8 can participate in the work first. Correspondingly, the hydraulic lines corresponding to the first hydraulic cylinder 82 are unloaded, so that its piston rod is in a free state, allowing the first spring 81 to be elastically released and in a free state, so that it can participate in the buffering and bearing normally. When the hydraulic lines of the first hydraulic cylinder 82 are pressurized, its piston rod retracts under the action of hydraulic pressure, and the first spring 81 is compressed and locked, disengaging from the working state.

[0032] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, the soft spring assembly includes multiple soft spring units 9, which are arranged in a circular and uniform manner around the central through hole 63 and located on the periphery of the hard spring assembly, corresponding one-to-one with the hard spring units 8.

[0033] Each spring unit 9 includes a second spring 91 and a second hydraulic cylinder 92. The right end of the cylinder body of the second hydraulic cylinder 92 is fixed on the fixing plate 6. The second spring 91 is sleeved on the outside of the second hydraulic cylinder 92. The right end of the second spring 91 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 6. The left end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 92 is fixedly connected to the left end of the second spring 91 through a small circular plate.

[0034] The second spring 91 is a small-diameter, low-stiffness helical spring, with a smaller wire diameter, diameter, and stiffness than the first spring 81, but a longer free length. It is mainly used for absorbing and buffering wave undulations in large sea conditions and for lightweight hydrological instruments (small lead fish, shallow-sea CTD) to reduce tension fluctuations in armored signal cables and protect the signal transmission lines and underwater precision sensor probes within the cable. The second hydraulic cylinder 92 is used to control the contraction, locking, and elastic release of the second spring 91: when the hydraulic line of the second hydraulic cylinder 92 is unloaded, its piston rod is in a free state, which can release the second spring 91, allowing the second spring 91 to participate in the buffering work. When the hydraulic line corresponding to the second hydraulic cylinder 92 is pressurized, it drives its piston rod to retract, thereby tightening the second spring 92 and causing the second spring 92 to retract into a locked dormant state.

[0035] like Figure 1 , 6As shown in Figure 7, the movable plate 7 is a circular assembly plate, including a main body. The left end face of the main body has a circular groove, in which a corresponding circular removable cover plate can be detachably installed, facilitating the disassembly and maintenance of the large hydraulic cylinder. A large through hole 71 is coaxially provided on the movable plate 7 for each stiff spring unit 8, and a small through hole 72 is coaxially provided for each soft spring unit 9. The diameter of the large through hole 71 is larger than that of the small through hole 72.

[0036] A large baffle 73 and a large hydraulic cylinder 75 are respectively provided next to each large through hole 71. A first mounting hole 77 is provided on the movable plate 7. The large hydraulic cylinder 75 is installed in the first mounting hole 77. The piston rod of the large hydraulic cylinder 75 is connected to the large baffle 73. The large baffle 73 can move radially along the large through hole 71 under the drive of the large hydraulic cylinder 75. It has a blocking position and an opening position: when the large baffle 73 blocks the large through hole 71, it cooperates with the top of the hard spring unit 8 to stop and limit the extension of the hard spring unit 8; when the large through hole 71 is open, the hard spring unit 8 can extend and retract freely.

[0037] Each small through hole 72 is accompanied by a small baffle 74 and a small hydraulic cylinder 76. A second mounting hole 78 is provided on the movable plate 7, and the small hydraulic cylinder 76 is installed in the second mounting hole 78. The piston rod of the small hydraulic cylinder 76 is connected to the small baffle 74. The small baffle 74 can move radially and has a closed position and an open position: in the closed position, it blocks the small through hole 72, restricting the extension of the soft spring unit 9; in the open position, it moves away from the small through hole 72, and the soft spring unit 9 can extend and retract freely. A removable cover plate 79 is provided on the edge of the movable plate 7 for easy maintenance of internal components.

[0038] The controller has built-in preset thresholds and operates under four typical hydrological measurement conditions: Heavy-load stable hydrological measurement conditions (high tension, small fluctuations): Strain gauge 12 detects that the tension exceeds the heavy-load threshold (lowering heavy water samplers, deep-water exploration platforms), and acceleration sensor 11 detects that the fluctuation displacement is less than the large wave threshold (still water in inland rivers, calm sea surface with light winds and waves). Controller control: The first hydraulic cylinder 82 of all hard spring units 8 extends, releasing the first spring 81 to fully participate in load bearing; the second hydraulic cylinder 92 of all soft spring units 9 retracts, locking the second spring 91, and the soft spring assembly does not work. The base has high overall rigidity and small deformation, ensuring that the entire machine does not shake significantly when the heavy hydrological instrument is hovered at a fixed point for flow measurement and profile measurement, the depth encoder achieves the required depth measurement accuracy, and the water body data acquisition is stable.

[0039] Heavy-load, high-wave hydrological measurement conditions (high tension, large fluctuations): Tension exceeds the heavy-load threshold, and fluctuation displacement exceeds the high-wave threshold (deploying heavy detection equipment in nearshore high winds and waves). Controller control: All hard spring units 8 are released, and the corresponding third hydraulic cylinder 84 is in an unloaded state. Simultaneously, soft spring units 9 are released in stages according to the fluctuation amplitude; the greater the fluctuation, the more soft springs are deployed. The soft spring units participate first to buffer and absorb the instantaneous impact of waves, preventing sudden changes in the tension of the armored cable from breaking the internal signal lines. After the soft spring units are compressed to a certain extent, the hard spring units participate to provide a safety net for heavy-load bearing, balancing the operational stability of heavy hydrological instruments with the buffering protection of the armored cable and sensors in high waves, significantly reducing tension impact and suppressing fluctuations in depth sounding data.

[0040] Light load, large wave hydrological measurement conditions (low tension, large fluctuations): Tension is below the heavy load threshold, and fluctuation displacement exceeds the large wave threshold (deploying small CTDs and current velocity lead weights in nearshore large waves). Controller control: All hard spring units 8 are locked in sleep mode, and the corresponding third hydraulic cylinder 84 is in a retracted or unloaded state. The corresponding number of soft spring units 9 are released according to the fluctuation amplitude; the greater the fluctuation, the more soft springs are deployed. The base has low overall rigidity and good buffering effect, effectively absorbing wave impacts and preventing damage from repeated impacts to the seabed to lightweight hydrological instruments. It also protects the thin-diameter armored signal cable from fatigue breakage.

[0041] Light load and stable hydrological measurement conditions (low tension, small fluctuations): Both tension and fluctuations are below the threshold (routine flow velocity measurement in inland shallows). Controller control: Locking part of the hard spring unit 8 and releasing a small number of soft spring units 9, operating with moderate stiffness, balancing the overall measurement stability and the buffering of slight water flow fluctuations, suitable for routine daily hydrological measurement operations.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims. Similarly, any equivalent structural changes made based on the description and drawings of the present invention shall also be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Ship-mounted hydrographic survey winches, including: Base; The drum is rotatably mounted on the base, and its outer surface is wound with armored signal cable. The drive motor is mounted on the base, and its output shaft is connected to the drum to drive the drum to rotate; Its characteristic is that it further includes: A fixing plate, used to fix it to the deck of a ship, has a central perforation in the center; A stiff spring assembly includes multiple stiff spring units, which are evenly arranged around a central perforation and one end of each unit is fixedly connected to a fixed plate. Each stiff spring unit includes a first spring and a first hydraulic cylinder fitted in the first spring. The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder is connected to the end of the first spring away from the fixed plate to control the contraction locking and elastic release of the first spring. The spring assembly includes multiple spring units, which are evenly arranged around a central perforation and one end of each spring is fixedly connected to a fixed plate. Each spring unit includes a second spring and a second hydraulic cylinder fitted inside the second spring. The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is connected to the end of the second spring away from the fixed plate to control the contraction locking and elastic release of the second spring. The wire diameter and stiffness of the second spring are smaller than those of the first spring. The guide rail is fixed to the deck, and the base is slidably mounted on the guide rail via a groove; The movable plate has a sliding column in the center of one side, which passes through the central perforation and connects to the base; the hard spring assembly and the soft spring assembly are located between the movable plate and the fixed plate; An accelerometer, mounted on the base, is used to detect the amount of vertical displacement of the base as the hull rises and falls. Strain gauges are attached to the sliding column to detect the magnitude of the force acting on the sliding column. The controller controls the soft spring group and hard spring group based on the values ​​converted from the acceleration sensor and strain gauge. The larger the displacement detection value, the more soft spring units are put into operation, and the larger the force value, the more hard spring units are put into operation.

2. The shipboard hydrographic survey winch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second springs are helical springs, with the diameter of the first spring being larger than that of the second spring.

3. The shipboard hydrographic survey winch according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each hard spring unit on the movable plate has a large through hole coaxially arranged, and each soft spring unit has a small through hole coaxially arranged. A large baffle is provided for each large through hole. The large baffle can move radially along the large through hole under the drive of a large hydraulic cylinder. The large baffle has a blocking position that blocks the large through hole and an open position that moves away from the large through hole during its movement stroke. The large baffle in the blocking position can cooperate with the corresponding hard spring unit to stop. A small baffle is provided for each small through hole. The small baffle can move radially along the small through hole under the drive of a small hydraulic cylinder. The small baffle has a closing position that blocks the small through hole and an open position that moves away from the small through hole during its movement stroke. The small baffle in the closing position can cooperate with the corresponding soft spring unit to stop.

4. The shipboard hydrographic survey winch according to claim 3, characterized in that, The movable plate has a first mounting hole corresponding to the large hydraulic cylinder and the large baffle, and a second mounting hole corresponding to the small hydraulic cylinder and the small baffle.

5. The shipboard hydrographic survey winch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable plate has a multi-piece assembly structure to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of large and small hydraulic cylinders and large and small baffles.

6. The shipboard hydrographic survey winch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stiff spring unit includes a third hydraulic cylinder. The output end of the third hydraulic cylinder is connected to both the first hydraulic cylinder and the first spring through a transition plate. The other end of the third hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to a fixed plate. The free length of the first spring is less than the free length of the second spring.

7. The shipboard hydrographic survey winch according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each hard spring unit is located on the same circle, and each soft spring unit surrounds the periphery of each hard spring unit.

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