A nanosecond time-resolved multi-mode spectral digitization continuous recording method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of nanosecond time resolution multi-mode spectral digitization continuous recording method and system, belong to high-resolution spectral detection field.The application is divided into at least two independent light beams by the light radiation to be detected, one way is obtained by photoelectric conversion and is monotonically related to the change of incident light intensity Electric signal, and at least two time control signals are generated based on the signal;Another way is converted into spatially distributed spectral signal by dispersion conversion, and spectral recording module is driven by time control signal to complete spectral recording in two parallel modes: the first mode realizes long-term spectral continuous recording, and the minimum recording interval can reach microsecond level;Second mode realizes high-resolution spectral burst recording with nanosecond interval.The application can dynamically match recording mode according to reaction luminescence intensity and its change intensity, while considering long-term recording and high time resolution, suitable for high-resolution spectral detection of whole process of various reaction processes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-resolution spectral detection, specifically to a nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Digital spectral detection technology is widely used in various fields such as aerospace exploration, environmental monitoring, disaster assessment, and materials research. By acquiring the radiation spectrum information generated by physical or chemical reaction processes, reaction products can be identified, providing data support for the analysis of the evolution of the environment or reactants over time. The duration, intensity, and degree of change of different reaction processes in nature often vary significantly, resulting in distinct requirements for the time resolution and recording intervals of digital spectral detection. Many applications, such as environmental monitoring, target reaction processes with relatively gentle changes but extremely long durations, requiring uninterrupted digital spectral recording over extended periods. High-energy-density reactions, such as plasma implosion and explosive detonation, have shorter durations but more dramatic changes, requiring time resolution and recording intervals on the order of microseconds or even nanoseconds. Particularly for reaction processes such as the transition from combustion to detonation of energetic materials, the intensity of changes in reaction emission intensity varies dramatically across different stages, necessitating both long-term, high-resolution continuous spectral recording and the acquisition of transient spectral responses to the dramatic changes in emission intensity at extremely short time intervals. In existing nanosecond-level time-resolved spectral detection schemes, one type uses a high-speed photoelectric framing camera for multi-channel recording. However, due to spatial limitations, the total number of images recorded is limited, making it difficult to achieve high recording durations. Another type uses slit imaging to image one-dimensional spectra onto a two-dimensional image plane of a digital camera. The total number of images that can be recorded is directly limited by the spatial resolution of the two-dimensional image plane, making it difficult to balance long-term recording with high temporal resolution. At nanosecond-level spectral digitization intervals, the total recording duration achievable by these schemes is typically only on the order of microseconds. This makes it impossible to simultaneously handle long-term continuous spectral recording with short-interval high-resolution burst recording, and it is difficult to fully cover the entire reaction process where the intensity and drastic changes of luminescence intensity dynamically change over time. Therefore, it cannot meet the requirements for full-process high-resolution spectral detection of complex reaction processes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording method and system that can dynamically match the recording mode according to the luminescence intensity of the reaction, while taking into account both long-term recording and high temporal resolution.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0005] This application provides a nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording method, comprising: S1, optical preprocessing of the light radiation to be detected; S2, dividing the preprocessed light radiation into at least two independent optical signals; S3, obtaining a first electrical signal monotonically correlated with the incident light intensity by photoelectric conversion of one of the optical signals; S4, analyzing the time-varying characteristics of the light intensity of the process to be detected based on the first electrical signal, and generating at least two timing control signals; S5, converting the other optical signal into a spatially distributed spectral signal by dispersion, and executing at least two recording modes of spectral recording by a spectral recording module under the control of the at least two timing control signals, wherein the at least two recording modes can work in parallel, and the at least two recording modes include a first recording mode and a second recording mode, wherein the time interval of the second recording mode is less than the time interval of the first recording mode; S6, acquiring and storing the first electrical signal and the spectral signal by a data acquisition module, and associating the first electrical signal and the spectral signal through a preset timestamp.

[0006] Further, S4 includes: using at least two discriminators to compare the amplitude of the first electrical signal with its corresponding discrimination threshold; generating a corresponding rising edge when the amplitude of the first electrical signal first reaches the corresponding discrimination threshold; generating a corresponding falling edge when the amplitude of the first electrical signal drops to the corresponding discrimination threshold; and the interval between the rising edge and falling edge of the timing control signal is a high-level hold time; the at least two timing control signals include a first enable signal and a second enable signal, and the high-level hold time of the first enable signal and the second enable signal is consistent with the duration of different working modes of the spectral recording module.

[0007] Furthermore, different state combinations of the at least two timing control signals correspond to different recording modes. In S5, the spectral recording module performs at least two recording modes under the control of the at least two timing control signals, including: both the first timing control signal and the second timing control signal are active at high level and inactive at low level. When the first timing control signal is active and the second timing control signal is inactive, it is a first combination. The spectral recording module operates in the first recording mode and digitizes the spectral curve recorded by the first analog buffer circuit of the N column pixel units at a first time interval, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When both the first timing control signal and the second timing control signal are active, it is a second combination. The spectral recording module operates in the second recording mode and completes the high-speed analog buffer of the spectrum at a second time interval by controlling the on / off timing of the sampling switch and the readout switch, and completes the readout using the digital readout array. The second time interval is less than the first time interval.

[0008] Furthermore, the spectral recording module includes an image sensor chip, the two-dimensional array of which is an M-row × N-column structure, satisfying that M is greater than N and N is at least 1, or N is greater than M and M is at least 1, where M and N are both integers greater than or equal to 1. The image sensor chip outputs spectral data of different spectral frequency points corresponding to the spatial position distribution of pixels; wherein, when M is greater than N, the image sensor chip realizes the detection of M spectral frequency points and outputs M digital coordinate points of spectral curves that change with the spatial position distribution of pixels.

[0009] Accordingly, this application also provides a nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system, comprising: an optical preprocessing module, the output of which is optically connected to the input of the beam splitting module, for preprocessing the light radiation to be detected; a beam splitting module, which has at least two optical outputs for splitting the preprocessed light radiation into at least two independent optical signals; a light intensity detection module, the input of which is optically connected to the first output of the beam splitting module, for receiving a first optical signal and acquiring a first electrical signal monotonically correlated with the incident light intensity; a timing control module, the input of which is electrically connected to the output of the light intensity detection module, for generating at least two timing control signals based on the first electrical signal; and a dispersion module, the input of which is optically connected to the output of the beam splitting module. The second output terminal is optically connected, and the dispersion module is used to convert the second optical signal output from the second output terminal of the beam splitter into a spatially distributed spectral signal; the spectral recording module has its input terminal optically connected to the output terminal of the dispersion module, and its output terminal is electrically connected to the timing control terminal of the spectral recording module. The spectral recording module is used to perform spectral recording in two recording modes under the control of at least two timing control signals. The at least two recording modes can work in parallel, and the at least two recording modes include a first recording mode and a second recording mode. The time interval of the second recording mode is less than the time interval of the first recording mode; the data acquisition module has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the light intensity detection module and the data output terminal of the spectral recording module, respectively, and is used to acquire and store the first electrical signal and the spectral signal.

[0010] Furthermore, the timing control module includes at least two discrimination units and an edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis unit. The input terminal of each discrimination unit is connected to the output terminal of the light intensity detection module, and is used to compare the amplitude of the first electrical signal with its corresponding discrimination threshold and output the comparison result. The input terminal of the edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis unit is connected to the output terminal of each discrimination unit, and is used to generate a corresponding high-level enable signal at the edge when the first electrical signal is higher than the discrimination threshold, and to generate a corresponding low-level enable signal at the edge when the first electrical signal is lower than the discrimination threshold. The at least two timing control signals output by the timing control module include a first enable signal and a second enable signal. The high-level holding time of the first enable signal and the second enable signal is consistent with the duration of different working modes of the spectral recording module.

[0011] Furthermore, the spectral recording module includes a CMOS image sensor chip, which includes a two-dimensional array composed of multiple pixel units. Each pixel unit includes a photoelectric conversion and analog buffer circuit as well as multiple high-speed analog buffer circuit units composed of switches and capacitors. The exposure time of the CMOS image sensor chip is controlled by a sampling switch. That is, when the sampling switch is closed, the induced current is integrated into the storage capacitor, and the pixel is exposed. When the sampling switch is opened, the exposure ends.

[0012] Furthermore, the two-dimensional array of the CMOS image sensor chip is an M-row × N-column structure, satisfying that M is greater than N and N is at least 1, or N is greater than M and M is at least 1, where M and N are both integers greater than or equal to 1. When M is greater than N, the CMOS image sensor chip realizes the detection of M spectral frequency points and outputs M digital coordinate points of spectral curves that vary with the spatial distribution of pixels.

[0013] Furthermore, the spectral recording module includes a digital readout array A and a digital readout array B. When the at least two timing control signals are in a first combination, the spectral recording module operates in the first recording mode, using only the digital readout array A to read out the spectral curve recorded by the first analog buffer circuit of the N column pixel units, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When the at least two timing control signals are in a second combination, the spectral recording module operates in the second recording mode, achieving high-speed analog buffering of the spectrum with high time resolution by controlling the on / off timing of the sampling switch and the readout switch, and then using the digital readout array B to complete the corresponding readout.

[0014] Furthermore, the optical preprocessing module includes one or more combinations of an optical slit, a light-collecting lens, a collimator, and a focusing lens; the beam splitting module includes one or more combinations of various beam splitters and mirrors; the dispersion module is a dispersion module based on a phase holographic grating or other optical elements capable of dispersing different frequency components of the same incident light to different spatial locations; and the data acquisition module is an industrial control computer, a server, or a storage circuit module.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] 1. By employing a high-speed analog buffer array based on a CMOS image sensor and a dual-mode parallel working mechanism of "microsecond-level continuous recording + nanosecond-level burst multi-frame recording," the total duration of continuous spectral digitization recording is increased from the traditional microsecond or millisecond level to the second or even several minutes level, while maintaining the highest time resolution at the nanosecond level. This technological breakthrough makes it possible to detect the full spectrum of long-process reactions such as deflagration to detonation, avoiding the limitation of traditional high-resolution spectral detection schemes that can only acquire spectral data for a specific time period of the reaction.

[0017] 2. The light intensity detection module monitors the reactive luminescence intensity and its drastic changes in real time. The timing control module adaptively generates multiple timing control signals based on the real-time changes in reactive luminescence intensity, automatically driving the same spectral recording module to switch between or work in parallel between the first recording mode (long-term continuous recording mode) and the second recording mode (short-term burst multi-frame recording mode). This eliminates the need for multi-camera or multi-channel solutions, avoiding the limitations of multi-camera solutions in terms of spatial structure, number of frames, and synchronization accuracy. It greatly simplifies system complexity and reduces hardware costs and debugging difficulty.

[0018] 3. By employing a dual-discriminator and dual-threshold edge extraction and trigger-enabled synthesis circuit, a high-level enable signal is adaptively generated based on the real-time changes in luminescence intensity during the reaction process, achieving nanosecond-level precision timing control. This timing control method can accurately locate key time points in the reaction process, enabling the detector to respond immediately and switch operating modes when luminescence intensity changes drastically, thereby avoiding the loss of critical spectral data.

[0019] 4. Based on a non-square pixel array structure of M rows × N columns (where M>N or N>M), pixel units in different rows or columns correspond to different spatial distributions, and thus to different spectral frequency points. This structure allows a single image sensor chip to simultaneously detect M spectral frequency points and output spectral curve data points corresponding one-to-one with the spatial location of the pixels. Compared to traditional single-point or few-frequency-point detection methods, this greatly improves the efficiency and information content of spectral detection.

[0020] 5. The first electrical signal output by the light intensity detection module and the spectral signal output by the spectral recording module are both synchronously acquired and stored by the data acquisition module, and correlated through a preset timestamp to facilitate subsequent data correlation analysis and reaction process reconstruction. This closed-loop design not only ensures data integrity but also provides complete and traceable data support for reaction mechanism research. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording method provided in this application embodiment;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system provided in this application embodiment;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the basic working principle of the light intensity detection module and the timing control module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 A typical structural diagram of the spectral recording module provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the basic working principle of the spectral recording module provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0027] In this invention, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably. "Multiple" refers to two or more; therefore, in this invention, "multiple" can also be understood as "at least two." "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. Additionally, the character " / ", unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. Furthermore, it should be understood that in the description of this invention, terms such as "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or order.

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown in the figure, this application provides a nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording method, including: S1, optical preprocessing of the light radiation to be detected; S2, dividing the preprocessed light radiation into at least two independent light signals; S3, obtaining a first electrical signal that is monotonically correlated with the incident light intensity by photoelectric conversion of one of the light signals; S4, analyzing the time-varying characteristics of the light intensity of the process to be detected based on the first electrical signal, and generating at least two timing control signals; S5, converting the other light signal into a spatially distributed spectral signal by dispersion, and executing at least two recording modes of spectral recording by a spectral recording module under the control of the at least two timing control signals, wherein the at least two recording modes can work in parallel, and the at least two recording modes include a first recording mode and a second recording mode, wherein the time interval of the second recording mode is less than the time interval of the first recording mode; S6, acquiring and storing the first electrical signal and the spectral signal by a data acquisition module, and associating the first electrical signal and the spectral signal through a preset timestamp.

[0029] In another possible embodiment, the light radiation generated during the reaction process is first pre-processed optically to achieve collimation, focusing, and other pre-adjustments. The adjusted light radiation is then incident on a beam splitter and split into at least two independent light signals, where the first light signal is light radiation G1 and the second light signal is light radiation G2. Light radiation G1 is received by a broadband photoelectric sensor and converted into a first electrical signal E1 that is monotonically correlated with the incident light intensity through photoelectric conversion. The first electrical signal E1 is sent to a timing control unit, which analyzes and extracts the reaction emission intensity of the reaction process to be detected based on the first electrical signal, generating at least two independent timing control signals, namely timing control signal E2 and timing control signal E3. Simultaneously, light radiation G2 is input to a dispersive device, where it is converted into a spatially distributed spectral signal and then input to a spectral recording module. The exposure and digital readout timing of the spectral recording module are controlled by timing control signals E2 and E3. Driven by these two timing control signals, spectral acquisition is completed in two parallel recording modes, corresponding to long-term continuous recording and short-interval burst recording, respectively. Finally, the data acquisition unit synchronously receives and stores the light intensity signal output by the photoelectric sensor and the spectral data output by the spectral recording module. The two types of data are correlated through preset timestamps, facilitating subsequent cross-modal data alignment and reaction process reconstruction.

[0030] By employing a spectroscopic parallel detection architecture, one optical signal is used to sense the light intensity changes during the reaction process in real time and generate a timing control signal, while the other optical signal is used for spectral dispersion and recording. Based on the dynamic control of the reaction luminescence intensity, the two recording modes work in parallel. This allows for long-term continuous spectral recording with relatively long time intervals, fully covering the entire reaction process. At the same time, it enables high-resolution burst spectral recording with shorter time intervals when the reaction enters the stage of drastic changes in luminescence intensity, fully capturing the spectral information of the transient reaction luminescence intensity change process. This effectively solves the technical contradiction that traditional methods cannot simultaneously achieve long-term recording and high temporal resolution, and can adapt to the spectral detection needs of various reaction processes with different evolutionary characteristics.

[0031] In an embodiment of this application, step S4 includes: using at least two discriminators to compare the amplitude of the first electrical signal with its respective corresponding discrimination threshold; generating a corresponding rising edge when the amplitude of the first electrical signal first reaches the corresponding discrimination threshold; generating a corresponding falling edge when the amplitude of the first electrical signal drops to the corresponding discrimination threshold; and the interval between the rising edge and falling edge of the timing control signal is a high-level hold time; the at least two timing control signals include a first enable signal and a second enable signal, and the high-level hold time of the first enable signal and the second enable signal is consistent with the duration of different working modes of the spectral recording module.

[0032] In another possible embodiment, at least two independent discriminators are used to perform threshold comparison in this process. The first electrical signal E1 is simultaneously input to two discriminators, each with a preset different discrimination threshold, namely discriminator threshold 1 and discriminator threshold 2. Each discriminator compares the amplitude of the input E1 signal with its corresponding discrimination threshold. When the amplitude of E1 increases to the point where it first equals the corresponding discrimination threshold, the start times t1start and t2start for the two discriminators are recorded respectively. When the amplitude of E1 decreases as the emission intensity decreases and again equals the corresponding discrimination threshold, the discriminator... The end times t1end and t2end corresponding to the two discriminators are recorded. The signal input edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis circuit at the above times converts the two output enable signals from logic low level to logic high level at t1start and t2start respectively, and converts the two enable signals from logic high level back to logic low level at t1end and t2end respectively. The two timing control signals E2 and E3 are finally generated. Their high level holding time corresponds one-to-one with the duration of different working modes of the spectral recording module, and controls the start and stop of the corresponding recording mode respectively.

[0033] Multiple enable signals are generated by combining multi-threshold discrimination with edge extraction. The start and end times of each mode can be dynamically determined according to the actual changes in the response light intensity. This ensures that the effective duration of the control signal is perfectly matched with the actual required duration of the corresponding working mode of the spectral recording unit, resulting in high trigger control accuracy. At the same time, multiple independent enable signals can control different recording modes separately, enabling independent start and stop and parallel operation of each mode. This can adapt to the complex timing control requirements of multi-mode spectral recording.

[0034] In the embodiments of this application, different state combinations of the at least two timing control signals correspond to different recording modes. The spectral recording in S5, performed by the spectral recording module under the control of the at least two timing control signals, includes: both the first timing control signal and the second timing control signal are active at high levels and inactive at low levels; when the first timing control signal is active and the second timing control signal is inactive, it is a first combination, in which the spectral recording module operates in the first recording mode and digitizes the spectral curve recorded by the first analog buffer circuit of the N column pixel units at a first time interval, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1; when both the first and second timing control signals are active, it is a second combination, in which the spectral recording module operates in the second recording mode and completes the high-speed analog buffer of the spectrum at a second time interval by controlling the on / off timing of the sampling switch and the readout switch, and completes the readout using the digital readout array, where the second time interval is less than the first time interval.

[0035] In another possible embodiment, the spectral recording module switches its operating mode under the combined control of two timing control signals. Different combinations of the states of the at least two timing control signals correspond to different recording modes: both the first and second timing control signals are active at high levels and inactive at low levels. When the first timing control signal E2 is high and the second timing control signal E3 is low (i.e., the first combination), the spectral recording module operates in the first recording mode, i.e., the normal mode. In this mode, only the digital readout array A is used to digitally read out the spectral curve recorded by the first analog buffer circuit in the multi-column pixel unit. The spectral detection time resolution of this mode is usually on the order of microseconds to hundreds of nanoseconds, which is suitable for continuous spectral recording of reaction processes with relatively gentle changes and long durations. When both timing control signals E2 and E3 are high (i.e., the second combination), the spectral recording module operates in the second recording mode, i.e., burst recording mode. By controlling the on / off timing of the sampling switch and the readout switch, a high-speed analog buffer for high time resolution spectrum is achieved. Then, the corresponding data is read out using the digital readout array B. The time resolution of this mode can reach the nanosecond level, which is suitable for detecting reaction processes with drastic changes in luminescence intensity and short duration. As the depth of the high-speed analog buffer array increases, continuous spectral recording of the entire process of drastic changes in luminescence intensity for a longer duration can be achieved.

[0036] By setting two differentiated recording and readout modes, the first recording mode adopts a direct digital readout method, which can realize long-term continuous spectral recording and adapt to the detection requirements of the smooth reaction stage. The second recording mode adopts a high-speed analog buffer first and then digital readout, which can achieve a shorter recording interval and adapt to the transient detection requirements of the rapid change stage of the reaction luminescence intensity. The two modes are switched by different combinations of timing control signals and can work together in the same spectral recording unit, which not only ensures the recording coverage of the entire reaction process, but also ensures the high time resolution detection capability of the rapid change stage.

[0037] In the embodiments of this application, the spectral recording module includes an image sensor chip. The two-dimensional array of the image sensor chip is an M-row × N-column structure, satisfying that M is greater than N and N is at least 1, or N is greater than M and M is at least 1, where M and N are both integers greater than or equal to 1. The image sensor chip outputs spectral data of different spectral frequency points corresponding to the spatial position distribution of pixels. Wherein, when M is greater than N, the image sensor chip realizes the detection of M spectral frequency points and outputs M digital coordinate points of spectral curves that change with the spatial position distribution of pixels.

[0038] In another possible embodiment, the core image sensor chip of the spectral recording module adopts a two-dimensional array structure composed of multiple pixel units. This two-dimensional array has an M-row × N-column structure, satisfying either the number of pixels in the row direction being greater than the number of pixels in the column direction with a minimum of 1, or the number of pixels in the column direction being greater than the number of pixels in the row direction with a minimum of 1. Taking the row-to-column structure as an example, the image sensor chip can detect multiple spectral frequency points corresponding to the number of rows, outputting digital coordinate points of the spectral curve that correspond one-to-one with the spatial distribution of pixels. Pixels at different spatial locations correspond to spectral signals of different wavelengths. By arranging the pixels spatially, the mapping between spectral wavelength and detection position is achieved, completing high-resolution acquisition of one-dimensional spectral signals.

[0039] By employing a two-dimensional pixel array structure with significant differences in length and width, the long side of the pixel array is aligned with the spatial distribution direction of spectral dispersion. This significantly improves the frequency resolution of the spectrum within a limited chip area. Simultaneously, multiple columns of pixels on the short side are retained for multi-frame buffering or parallel readout, effectively enhancing the utilization efficiency of pixel resources and meeting the high-resolution detection requirements of one-dimensional spectral signals.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] Reference Figure 2This application also provides a nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system, comprising: an optical preprocessing module, the output of which is optically connected to the input of the beam splitting module, for preprocessing the light radiation to be detected; a beam splitting module, which has at least two optical outputs for splitting the preprocessed light radiation into at least two independent optical signals; a light intensity detection module, the input of which is optically connected to the first output of the beam splitting module, for receiving a first optical signal and acquiring a first electrical signal monotonically correlated with the incident light intensity; a timing control module, the input of which is electrically connected to the output of the light intensity detection module, for generating at least two timing control signals based on the first electrical signal; and a dispersion module, the input of which is optically connected to the second output of the beam splitting module. The output optical path is connected, and the dispersion module is used to convert the second optical signal output from the second output terminal of the beam splitter into a spatially distributed spectral signal; the spectral recording module has its input terminal optically connected to the output terminal of the dispersion module, and its output terminal electrically connected to the timing control terminal of the spectral recording module. The spectral recording module is used to perform spectral recording in two recording modes under the control of at least two timing control signals. The at least two recording modes can work in parallel, and the at least two recording modes include a first recording mode and a second recording mode. The time interval of the second recording mode is less than the time interval of the first recording mode; the data acquisition module has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the light intensity detection module and the data output terminal of the spectral recording module, respectively, and is used to acquire and store the first electrical signal and the spectral signal.

[0042] In another possible embodiment, the nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system mainly includes an optical preprocessing module, a beam splitting module, a light intensity detection module, a timing control module, a dispersion module, a spectral recording module, and a data acquisition module. The output of the optical preprocessing module is optically connected to the input of the beam splitting module, and is used to perform collimation, focusing, and other pre-adjustments on the light radiation to be detected before outputting it to the beam splitting module. The beam splitting module is provided with at least two optical outputs, which are used to split the preprocessed light radiation into at least two independent optical signals for output. The optical input of the light intensity detection module is optically connected to the first output of the beam splitting module, and is used to receive the first optical signal and obtain a first electrical signal that is monotonically correlated with the incident light intensity through photoelectric conversion. The signal input terminal of the timing control module is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the light intensity detection module, and is used to generate at least two timing control signals based on the first electrical signal. The optical input terminal of the dispersion module is connected to the optical path of the second output terminal of the beam splitting module, and is used to convert the second optical signal into a spatially distributed spectral signal. The optical input terminal of the spectral recording module is connected to the optical path of the output terminal of the dispersion module. The output terminal of the timing control module is electrically connected to the timing control terminal of the spectral recording module, and is used to control the spectral recording module to complete spectral recording in two parallel recording modes. The input terminal of the data acquisition module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the light intensity detection module and the data output terminal of the spectral recording module, respectively, and is used to acquire and store the first electrical signal and the digitized spectral signal.

[0043] In the embodiments of this application, the timing control module includes at least two discrimination units and an edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis unit. The input terminal of each discrimination unit is connected to the output terminal of the light intensity detection module, and is used to compare the amplitude of the first electrical signal with its corresponding discrimination threshold and output the comparison result. The input terminal of the edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis unit is connected to the output terminal of each discrimination unit, and is used to generate a corresponding high-level enable signal at the edge when the first electrical signal is higher than the discrimination threshold, and to generate a corresponding low-level enable signal at the edge when the first electrical signal is lower than the discrimination threshold. The at least two timing control signals output by the timing control module include a first enable signal and a second enable signal. The high-level holding time of the first enable signal and the second enable signal is consistent with the duration of different working modes of the spectral recording module.

[0044] In another possible embodiment, the timing control module includes at least two independent discrimination units and an edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis unit. The input of each discrimination unit is connected to the first electrical signal E1 output by the light intensity detection module. Each discrimination unit is configured with an independent amplitude discrimination threshold, used to compare the real-time amplitude of E1 with the corresponding threshold and output the comparison result. The input of the edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis unit is connected to the output of each discrimination unit, used to extract the edge moments corresponding to the rise and fall of E1 amplitude to the threshold, and trigger a change in the output level at the corresponding edge moments. The two generated timing control signals are a first enable signal E2 and a second enable signal E3. The high-level holding time of the two signals corresponds one-to-one with the duration of different operating modes of the spectral recording module, and are used to control the start and stop of the corresponding recording modes.

[0045] The timing control module adopts an architecture with multiple discrimination units and edge synthesis, which can dynamically generate multiple independent enable control signals based on the input light intensity electrical signal. The trigger time is precisely matched with the light intensity change node of the reaction process, and the effective duration of the signal is completely consistent with the working duration of the corresponding recording mode. The control accuracy is high, and multiple signals can independently control the start and stop of different recording modes, ensuring the timing accuracy of multiple modes working in parallel.

[0046] In the embodiments of this application, the spectral recording module includes a CMOS image sensor chip, which includes a two-dimensional array composed of multiple pixel units. Each pixel unit includes a photoelectric conversion and analog buffer circuit as well as multiple high-speed analog buffer circuit units composed of switches and capacitors. The exposure time of the CMOS image sensor chip is controlled by a sampling switch. That is, when the sampling switch is closed, the induced current is integrated into the storage capacitor, and the pixel is exposed. When the sampling switch is opened, the exposure ends.

[0047] In another possible embodiment, the core of the spectral recording module is a CMOS image sensor chip. This chip includes a two-dimensional array composed of multiple pixel units. Each pixel unit contains a set of photoelectric conversion and analog buffer circuits, as well as multiple high-speed analog buffer circuit units composed of switches and capacitors. The pixel exposure time of the chip is controlled by a sampling switch. When the sampling switch is closed, the induced current generated by photoelectric conversion is integrated into the storage capacitor, and the pixel enters the exposure state. When the sampling switch is open, the exposure process ends, and the amount of charge stored in the storage capacitor is directly equivalent to the incident light intensity information during the exposure process. By controlling the on / off duration of the sampling switch, nanosecond-level exposure time control can be achieved. Multiple independent high-speed analog buffer circuit units can sequentially store spectral signals at different times, realizing high-speed continuous buffering of multiple spectra.

[0048] The spectral recording module employs a CMOS image sensor chip with multiple built-in high-speed analog buffers. Each pixel unit integrates a photoelectric conversion circuit and multiple high-speed analog buffer units composed of switches and capacitors. By precisely controlling the exposure time through sampling switches, extremely short exposure control can be achieved. Multiple buffer units can support continuous high-speed analog buffering of multiple spectral signals, effectively breaking through the limitation of analog-to-digital conversion speed on the recording interval and achieving a higher level of time resolution.

[0049] In the embodiments of this application, the two-dimensional array of the CMOS image sensor chip is an M-row × N-column structure, satisfying that M is greater than N and N is at least 1, or N is greater than M and M is at least 1, where M and N are both integers greater than or equal to 1. When M is greater than N, the CMOS image sensor chip realizes the detection of M spectral frequency points and outputs M digital coordinate points of spectral curves that vary with the spatial distribution of pixels.

[0050] In another possible embodiment, the two-dimensional pixel array of the CMOS image sensor chip has an M-row × N-column structure, satisfying either a greater number of pixels in the row direction than the greater number of pixels in the column direction with a minimum of 1 column, or a greater number of pixels in the column direction than the greater number of pixels in the row direction with a minimum of 1 row. Taking the structure where the number of pixels in the row direction is greater than the number of pixels in the column direction as an example, the row direction of the pixel array is consistent with the spectral dispersion direction of the dispersion module. Pixels in different rows correspond to spectral signals of different wavelengths. The chip can achieve parallel detection of multiple spectral frequency points corresponding to the number of rows. Each frequency point corresponds to multiple columns of pixels for multiple image buffering or parallel readout, ultimately outputting multiple digital coordinate points of spectral curves that vary with the spatial distribution of pixels, forming complete one-dimensional spectral data. This structure can achieve higher spectral frequency resolution within the same chip size.

[0051] By employing a narrow pixel array with significant differences in length and width, the long side corresponds to the spectral dispersion direction to improve spectral frequency resolution, while the short side corresponds to multiple buffer or readout channels. This allows for the simultaneous achievement of high spectral resolution and multiple buffer capabilities within a limited chip area, resulting in high chip resource utilization efficiency and adaptability to the high-resolution detection requirements of one-dimensional spectroscopy.

[0052] In the embodiments of this application, the spectral recording module includes a digital readout array A and a digital readout array B. When the at least two timing control signals are in a first combination, the spectral recording module operates in the first recording mode, using only the digital readout array A to read out the spectral curve recorded by the first analog buffer circuit of the N column pixel units, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When the at least two timing control signals are in a second combination, the spectral recording module operates in the second recording mode, achieving high-speed analog buffering of the spectrum with high time resolution by controlling the on / off timing of the sampling switch and the readout switch, and then using the digital readout array B to complete the corresponding readout.

[0053] In another possible embodiment, the spectral recording module has two independent digital readout arrays, namely digital readout array A and digital readout array B. When the timing control signal is in the first combination state (i.e., the first enable signal E2 is valid and the second enable signal E3 is invalid), the spectral recording module operates in the first recording mode, activating only digital readout array A to digitize the spectral curve data recorded by the first analog buffer circuit in the multi-column pixel unit, achieving continuous spectral recording. When the timing control signal is in the second combination state (i.e., both enable signals E2 and E3 are valid simultaneously), the spectral recording module operates in the second recording mode. First, by controlling the on / off timing of the sampling switch and readout switch inside the pixel, multiple spectral signals are stored at high speed into each analog buffer unit, completing high-speed analog spectral buffering with high time resolution. After the buffering process is completed, digital readout array B is activated to digitize all the buffered spectral data sequentially, achieving burst recording of multiple spectra at short time intervals.

[0054] By configuring two independent digital readout arrays for the spectral recording module, corresponding to two recording modes respectively: the first recording mode uses a dedicated readout array to achieve continuous readout, ensuring the stability of long-term recording; the second recording mode uses a dedicated readout array to read analog buffer data, ensuring readout efficiency in burst mode. Each array performs its specific function, simultaneously adapting to the performance requirements of both recording modes, thus improving the overall system efficiency and adaptability.

[0055] In embodiments of this application, the optical preprocessing module includes one or more combinations of an optical slit, a light-collecting lens, a collimator, and a focusing lens; the beam splitting module includes one or more combinations of various beam splitters and mirrors; the dispersion module is a dispersion module built based on a phase holographic grating or other optical elements capable of dispersing different frequency components of the same incident light to different spatial locations; and the data acquisition module is an industrial control computer, a server, or a storage circuit module.

[0056] In another possible embodiment, the specific device implementation of the beam splitting module, dispersion module, and data acquisition module is as follows: the optical preprocessing module, beam splitting module, and dispersion module together constitute the optical path of the system. The optical preprocessing module can be composed of one or more combinations of optical elements such as optical slits, light-gathering lenses, collimators, and focusing lenses, and is used for pre-adjustment such as collimation and focusing of the light radiation to be detected; the beam splitting module can be composed of one or more combinations of beam splitters (such as beam splitting prisms and semi-transparent mirrors) and mirrors, and the corresponding devices can be selected according to the optical path requirements to complete the beam adjustment, beam splitting, and path adjustment; the dispersion module can be built based on a phase holographic grating, utilizing its optical characteristics to achieve high-precision dispersion beam splitting across a wide wavelength range. In a typical optical path layout, a light-collecting lens group gathers the light radiation to be detected, and a collimator (such as a collimating lens group) converts the gathered beam into parallel light. The parallel light is split into two paths, G1 and G2, by a beam splitter. G1 is guided to the photosensitive surface of the light intensity detection module through a reflector, and G2 is incident on different spatial positions of the phase holographic grating. The spatially distributed spectral signal after dispersion is imaged onto the image plane of the CMOS image sensor chip by a focusing lens group.

[0057] The data acquisition module can be implemented using any of the following: an industrial control computer, a server, or a storage circuit module. The appropriate form can be selected based on the data volume and processing requirements to complete the synchronous acquisition, timestamp association, storage, and subsequent processing of spectral data and light intensity signals. In a typical dataflow architecture, the industrial control computer receives digitized spectral data output from the CMOS image sensor chip in real time via a high-speed data interface (such as a CameraLink interface or fiber optic interface), and simultaneously acquires the first electrical signal output from the light intensity detection module via an analog-to-digital converter board. Internally, the industrial control computer timestamps both types of data at a preset sampling period and persistently stores them in file or database format on the server or storage circuit module, facilitating subsequent cross-modal data analysis and reaction process reconstruction.

[0058] The optional embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the embodiments of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0059] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0060] Furthermore, various different implementations of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording method, characterized in that, include: S1. Perform optical preprocessing on the light radiation to be detected; S2. Divide the preprocessed optical radiation into at least two independent optical signals; S3. One of the optical signals is converted by photoelectric conversion to obtain the first electrical signal that is monotonically related to the incident light intensity; S4. Based on the first electrical signal, analyze the time-varying characteristics of the light intensity of the process to be detected, and generate at least two timing control signals; S4 includes: At least two discriminators are used to compare the amplitude of the first electrical signal with their respective discrimination thresholds. When the amplitude of the first electrical signal first reaches the corresponding discrimination threshold, the corresponding rising edge is generated. When the amplitude of the first electrical signal drops to the corresponding discrimination threshold, the corresponding falling edge is generated. The interval between the rising edge and falling edge of the timing control signal is the high-level hold time. The at least two timing control signals include a first enable signal and a second enable signal, and the high-level holding time of the first enable signal and the second enable signal is consistent with the duration of different working modes of the spectral recording module; S5. The other optical signal is converted into a spatially distributed spectral signal by dispersion, and the spectral recording module performs spectral recording in at least two recording modes under the control of the at least two timing control signals. The at least two recording modes can work in parallel. The at least two recording modes include a first recording mode and a second recording mode. The time interval of the second recording mode is less than the time interval of the first recording mode. S6. The data acquisition module acquires and stores the first electrical signal and the spectral signal, and the first electrical signal and the spectral signal are associated through a preset timestamp.

2. The nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The different state combinations of the at least two timing control signals correspond to different recording modes. The spectral recording in step S5, performed by the spectral recording module under the control of the at least two timing control signals, includes: Both the first enable signal and the second enable signal are active high and inactive low. When the first enable signal is valid and the second enable signal is invalid, it is the first combination. The spectral recording module operates in the first recording mode and digitizes the spectral curve recorded by the first analog buffer circuit of the N column pixel unit at a first time interval, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When the first enable signal and the second enable signal are both valid, it is the second combination. The spectral recording module works in the second recording mode. By controlling the on / off timing of the sampling switch and the readout switch, the high-speed analog spectral buffer is completed in a second time interval, and the readout is completed using a digital readout array. The second time interval is less than the first time interval.

3. The nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spectral recording module includes an image sensor chip. The two-dimensional array of the image sensor chip has an M-row × N-column structure, satisfying that M is greater than N and N is at least 1, or N is greater than M and M is at least 1. M and N are both integers greater than or equal to 1. The image sensor chip outputs spectral data of different spectral frequency points corresponding to the spatial position distribution of pixels. When M is greater than N, the image sensor chip detects M spectral frequency points and outputs M digital coordinate points of the spectral curve that vary with the spatial distribution of the pixels.

4. A nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system, characterized in that, The method for continuous digital recording of nanosecond-level time-resolved multimode spectra as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 includes: An optical preprocessing module, the output of which is connected to the input optical path of the beam splitting module, is used to preprocess the light radiation to be detected; The beam splitter module is provided with at least two optical output terminals, which are used to split the pre-processed optical radiation into at least two independent optical signals. A light intensity detection module, wherein the input end of the light intensity detection module is connected to the optical path of the first output end of the beam splitting module, and the light intensity detection module is used to receive a first optical signal and acquire a first electrical signal that is monotonically related to the incident light intensity; A timing control module, wherein the input terminal of the timing control module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the light intensity detection module, and the timing control module is used to generate at least two timing control signals based on the first electrical signal; A dispersion module, wherein the input end of the dispersion module is connected to the optical path of the second output end of the beam splitter, and the dispersion module is used to convert the second optical signal output from the second output end of the beam splitter into a spatially distributed spectral signal; A spectral recording module, wherein the input terminal of the spectral recording module is optically connected to the output terminal of the dispersion module, and the output terminal of the timing control module is electrically connected to the timing control terminal of the spectral recording module, the spectral recording module is used to perform spectral recording in two recording modes under the control of at least two timing control signals, the at least two recording modes can work in parallel, the at least two recording modes include a first recording mode and a second recording mode, and the time interval of the second recording mode is less than the time interval of the first recording mode; The data acquisition module has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the light intensity detection module and the data output terminal of the spectral recording module, respectively, and is used to acquire and store the first electrical signal and the spectral signal.

5. The nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The timing control module includes at least two discrimination units and an edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis unit. The input terminal of each discrimination unit is connected to the output terminal of the light intensity detection module, and is used to compare the amplitude of the first electrical signal with its corresponding discrimination threshold and output the comparison result. The input terminal of the edge extraction and trigger enable synthesis unit is connected to the output terminal of each discrimination unit, and is used to generate a corresponding high-level enable signal at the edge when the first electrical signal is higher than the discrimination threshold, and to generate a corresponding low-level enable signal at the edge when the first electrical signal is lower than the discrimination threshold. The timing control module outputs at least two timing control signals, including a first enable signal and a second enable signal. The high-level holding time of the first enable signal and the second enable signal is consistent with the duration of different working modes of the spectral recording module.

6. The nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spectral recording module includes a CMOS image sensor chip, which includes a two-dimensional array composed of multiple pixel units. Each pixel unit includes a photoelectric conversion and analog buffer circuit, as well as multiple high-speed analog buffer circuit units composed of switches and capacitors. The exposure time of the CMOS image sensor chip is controlled by a sampling switch. When the sampling switch is closed, the induced current is integrated into the storage capacitor, and the pixel is exposed. When the sampling switch is opened, the exposure ends.

7. The nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two-dimensional array of the CMOS image sensor chip has an M-row × N-column structure, satisfying that M is greater than N and N is at least 1, or N is greater than M and M is at least 1. M and N are both integers greater than or equal to 1. When M is greater than N, the CMOS image sensor chip can detect M spectral frequency points and output M digital coordinate points of spectral curves that vary with the spatial distribution of pixels.

8. The nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spectral recording module includes a digital readout array A and a digital readout array B. When the at least two timing control signals are in a first combination, the spectral recording module operates in the first recording mode, using only the digital readout array A to read out the spectral curve recorded by the first analog buffer circuit of the N-column pixel unit, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. When the at least two timing control signals are in a second combination, the spectral recording module operates in the second recording mode, achieving high-speed analog buffering of the spectrum with high time resolution by controlling the on / off timing of the sampling switch and the readout switch, and then using the digital readout array B to complete the corresponding readout.

9. The nanosecond-level time-resolved multi-mode spectral digital continuous recording system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The optical preprocessing module includes one or more combinations of optical slits, light-collecting lenses, collimators, and focusing lenses; the beam splitting module includes one or more combinations of various beam splitters and mirrors; the dispersion module is a dispersion module based on a phase holographic grating or other optical elements capable of dispersing different frequency components of the same incident light to different spatial locations; the data acquisition module is an industrial control computer, server, or storage circuit module.

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