An impact testing device and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of mechanical testing equipment, and discloses an impact testing device, aiming at solving the problems of single function, low adjustment precision, unstable structure and complicated working condition switching of the existing testing device. The device comprises a testing table, a height adjustment mechanism, a placing mechanism and a power output mechanism. The testing table is a bearing base, the height adjustment mechanism is used for adjusting the height of the impact testing head to realize impact or static pressure loading, the placing mechanism is used for clamping a test piece and completing tensile and torsional tests, and the power output mechanism provides controllable power for the height adjustment mechanism. The application can realize single and combined working condition tests of impact, static pressure, tension and torsion, has the advantages of multi-working condition compatibility, precise control, stable structure, high automation degree and modular design, can adapt to the multi-dimensional mechanical property testing requirements of different materials and components, and improves the testing efficiency and data accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of testing technology, and in particular to an impact testing device. Background Technology

[0002] In the mechanical property testing of materials and components, impact testing, tensile testing, and torsion testing are the core test items for evaluating their service reliability. Under actual working conditions, materials and components often bear impact loads and preloads such as tension and torsion at the same time. Therefore, a device that can realize multi-condition composite testing is needed.

[0003] Existing testing devices have the following shortcomings: First, they are limited in function. Most devices can only perform single impact tests or single tensile or torsion tests, which cannot meet the testing requirements of composite working conditions and are difficult to simulate actual service conditions. For example, the strength testing device and manufacturing process of a respirator winding composite gas cylinder disclosed in application number CN202610064551.7 can only perform impact tests and cannot complete multiple working condition tests such as tensile, torsion, tensile-impact composite, torsion-impact composite, and static pressure-tensile / torsion composite tests on the workpiece. Second, the switching of testing conditions is cumbersome, requires manual adjustment of the mechanism layout, has low testing efficiency, and poses safety hazards.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention proposes an impact testing device that integrates four major functions: impact, static pressure, tension, and torsion. It can perform multi-condition composite testing, improve testing accuracy and efficiency, and solve the deficiencies of existing devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an impact testing device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an impact testing device, comprising a testing platform; A height adjustment mechanism fixedly mounted on a test bench for raising the impact test head to a specified height so that the impact test head impacts the test piece after the specified test height, or lowering the height until the impact head statically presses on the test piece. A test workpiece placement mechanism installed below the height adjustment mechanism for placing the impact test piece and for performing stretching and torsion tests on the impact test piece after clamping; A power output mechanism for raising the height adjustment mechanism to a specified height, lowering the height adjustment mechanism to a specified height, and outputting static pressure on the impact test piece.

[0007] Furthermore, the height adjustment mechanism includes a mounting base fixed to the test bench, a guide rail vertically fixed to the mounting base, an upper pressure plate fixed to the top of the guide rail, and a sliding plate slidably mounted on the guide rail. An impact test head is fixed in the middle of the sliding plate. An upper pull wheel assembly is provided on the upper surface of the sliding plate, and a lower pressure wheel assembly is provided on the lower surface. The height adjustment mechanism is used to drive the impact test head to rise to a specified test height and then fall freely to impact the test piece, or to drive the impact test head to descend to apply static pressure to the test piece.

[0008] Furthermore, the test workpiece placement mechanism is located below the height adjustment mechanism. The test workpiece placement mechanism includes a fixed clamp rigidly fixed to the test table, a movable clamp arranged coaxially opposite to the fixed clamp, a tensile drive unit, a torsion drive unit, and a linear slide module. The output end of the tensile drive unit is drivenly connected to the linear slide module and is used to drive the linear slide module to perform horizontal reciprocating motion. The torsion drive unit and the movable clamp are both mounted on the linear slide module, and the output end of the torsion drive unit is drivenly connected to the movable clamp. The test workpiece placement mechanism is used to clamp the impact test piece and perform tensile loading and torsion loading on the clamped impact test piece.

[0009] Furthermore, the power output mechanism includes a rotary power output unit, the output shaft of which is driven by a first output gear, which meshes with a second output gear; the first output gear is driven by a static load wheel via a first controllable clutch assembly, and the second output gear is driven by a stamping wheel via a second controllable clutch assembly; the static load wheel is driven by a transmission rope to the lower pressure wheel assembly, and the stamping wheel is driven by a transmission rope to the upper pull wheel assembly; the power output mechanism drives the sliding plate to complete static pressure loading tests or impact tests by switching the first controllable clutch assembly and the second controllable clutch assembly on and off.

[0010] Furthermore, the power output mechanism is configured such that, under impact test conditions, the first controllable clutch component is de-energized and disengaged, the second controllable clutch component is energized and engaged, and the rotary power output unit drives the stamping wheel to rotate and wind up the transmission rope, pulling the sliding plate to rise to a preset impact height; after the second controllable clutch component is de-energized, the sliding plate drives the impact test head to fall freely along the guide rail, completing the impact test; Under static pressure testing conditions, the second controllable clutch component is de-energized and disengaged, while the first controllable clutch component is energized and engaged. The rotary power output unit drives the static load wheel to rotate and wind up the transmission rope, causing the sliding plate to descend along the guide rail. This allows the impact test head to continuously apply a preset static pressure load to the impact test piece, completing the static pressure loading test.

[0011] Furthermore, the stretching drive unit is a servo motor assembly, a stepper motor and reducer assembly, or a hydraulic motor, and the output end of the stretching drive unit is rigidly connected to the lead screw and nut seat of the linear slide module through a coupling.

[0012] Furthermore, the torsion drive unit is a servo geared motor, hydraulic motor, or stepper motor acceleration and reduction assembly, and the output shaft of the torsion drive unit is rigidly connected to the movable fixture coaxially through a torque transmission component.

[0013] Furthermore, both the fixed clamp and the movable clamp have anti-slip teeth on their clamping surfaces; the fixed clamp has no degree of freedom of movement, while the movable clamp can move horizontally in a straight line with the linear slide module and rotate with the torsion drive unit.

[0014] Furthermore, the test workpiece placement mechanism can perform tensile preloading, torsional preloading, or tensile-torsional composite preloading on the impact test piece and lock it. In conjunction with the height adjustment mechanism and the power output mechanism, it can complete tensile-impact composite testing, torsional-impact composite testing, static pressure-tensile composite testing, and static pressure-torsional composite testing.

[0015] The present invention also discloses an impact testing method, implemented based on the impact testing apparatus described in any one of the above claims, comprising the following operating conditions: Impact test conditions: The first controllable clutch component is de-energized and disengaged, while the second controllable clutch component is energized and engaged; the rotary power output unit is started to rotate forward, driving the stamping wheel to wind up the transmission rope, pulling the sliding plate and the impact test head to the preset impact height; the second controllable clutch component is instantly de-energized and disengaged, the sliding plate drives the impact test head to fall freely along the guide rail, and the impact test workpiece is placed on the impact test piece on the impact test mechanism to complete the impact test; Static pressure test conditions: The second controllable clutch assembly is de-energized and disengaged, while the first controllable clutch assembly is energized and engaged; the rotary power output unit is started to rotate forward, driving the static load wheel to wind up the transmission rope, which in turn drives the sliding plate and the impact test head to slowly descend and contact the impact test piece. The rotary power output unit continuously outputs a constant torque, so that the impact test head continuously acts on the impact test piece with a preset static pressure load, thus completing the static pressure loading test; It also includes a composite test condition, which includes: tensile-impact composite test: clamping both ends of the impact test piece to be impacted to a fixed fixture and a movable fixture respectively, starting the tensile drive unit to drive the linear slide module to move, completing the tensile preload on the impact test piece and locking it; executing the impact test condition to complete the tensile-impact composite test; Torsion-impact composite test: Clamp both ends of the impact test piece to the fixed fixture and the movable fixture respectively, start the torsion drive unit to drive the movable fixture to rotate, complete the torsion preload on the impact test piece and lock it; execute the impact test condition to complete the torsion-impact composite test; Static pressure-tensile / torsion combined test: The two ends of the impact test piece are clamped to the fixed fixture and the movable fixture respectively to complete the tensile preloading, torsion preloading or tensile-torsion combined test.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention is compatible with multiple working conditions and integrates four major testing functions: impact, static pressure, tension and torsion. It can realize single working condition or compound working condition (tension-impact, torsion-impact, static pressure-tension / torsion) testing, greatly improving the versatility of the device and adapting to the testing needs of different materials and components.

[0017] This invention employs a servo drive unit, a high-precision guide rail and slide structure, and a controllable clutch assembly for rapid on / off control, to achieve precise closed-loop control of impact height, tensile displacement, torsional load, and static pressure load, resulting in good repeatability and high accuracy of test data. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the left view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper pull wheel assembly and the lower pressure wheel assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the power output mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the test workpiece placement mechanism of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: In the diagram: 1-Test stand, 2-Height adjustment mechanism, 3-Placement mechanism, 4-Power output mechanism, 5-Impact test piece, 6-Impact test head, 20-Mounting base, 21-Buffer section, 22-Guide rail, 23-Sliding plate, 24-Upper pressure plate, 30-Linear slide module, 31-Tension drive unit, 32-Torsion drive unit, 33-Fixed clamping fixture, 34-Movable clamping fixture, 35-Torque transmission seat, 40-Rotary power output unit, 41-Coupling, 42-First output gear, 43-First controllable clutch assembly, 44-Static load wheel, 45-Second output gear, 46-Second controllable clutch assembly, 47-Pressing wheel, 410-Lower pressure wheel assembly, 400-Upper pull wheel assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0019] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

[0020] Depend on Figure 1 As shown, the impact testing device of the present invention includes a test platform 1; a height adjustment mechanism 2 fixedly installed on the test platform 1 for raising the impact test head 6 to a specified height so that the impact test head 6 impacts the test piece after the specified test height, or lowering the height until the impact head statically presses on the test piece; a test piece placement mechanism 3 installed below the height adjustment mechanism 2 for placing the test piece 5 and for performing stretching and torsion tests after the test piece is clamped; and a power output mechanism 4 for raising the height adjustment mechanism 2 to a specified height and lowering the height adjustment mechanism 2 to a specified height and outputting static pressure on the test piece.

[0021] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the height adjustment mechanism 2 of this embodiment is fixedly installed on the test bench 1; it is used to complete the impact and static load tests of the impact test piece 5; the mounting base 20 is fixedly installed on the test bench 1, and the mounting base 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the guide rail 22. The top of the guide rail 22 is equipped with an upper pressure plate 24; the guide rail 22 is slidably installed with a stamping plate 23; the middle part of the stamping plate 23 is equipped with an impact test head 6; the upper surface of the stamping plate 23 is equipped with an upper pull wheel assembly 400; the lower surface of the stamping plate 23 is equipped with a lower pressure wheel assembly 410; the upper pull wheel assembly 400 and the lower pressure wheel assembly 410 are respectively connected by a transmission rope and a power output mechanism 4.

[0022] Specifically, the mounting base 20 is located at the bottom of the height adjustment mechanism 2 and is integrally set on the test platform 1. It is made of high-strength carbon steel or aluminum alloy sheet and has high flatness and structural rigidity. It is rigidly fixed to the test platform 1 by multiple sets of bolts to realize the integration of the mechanism and the test platform. The upper surface of the mounting base 20 is vertically fixed with guide rails 22, and the buffer part 21 is symmetrically arranged and fixed to provide the mounting foundation for the guide rails 22 and the buffer part 21. The guide rails 22 are two high-precision heavy-duty linear guide rails to ensure guiding accuracy. They are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of the mounting base 20 in the vertical direction to form a vertical guide channel that runs through the top and bottom. The bottom end is rigidly fixed vertically to the upper surface of the mounting base 20, and the top end is rigidly connected to the upper pressure plate 24. Together with the mounting base 20 and the upper pressure plate 24, they form a closed portal rigid guide frame, which provides the only vertical linear motion guide for the sliding plate 23 and restricts the horizontal degree of freedom of the sliding plate. The bottom end of the buffer part 21 is rigidly fixed to the upper surface of the mounting base 20, and the top end is used to elastically contact the lower surface of the sliding plate 23. It is used to buffer and decelerate the sliding plate 23 when it falls to the limit position, so as to avoid the sliding plate from rigidly colliding with the mounting base, and stabilize the load under static pressure conditions. The sliding plate 23 is made of high-strength rigid plate and integrates a linear slider assembly that matches the guide rail 22, serving as the mounting base for the impact test head 6. It is slidably mounted on the guide rail 22, located above the mounting base 20 and below the upper pressure plate 24, within the guide channel between the two guide rails 22. It is slidably connected to the guide rail 22 via the linear slider assembly and can perform reciprocating linear motion in the vertical direction along the guide rail 22. Its lower surface is in elastic contact with the buffer part 21 and is buffered and limited by the buffer part 21. It is connected to the power output mechanism 4 and is driven by the power output mechanism 4 to be raised to a specified height or controlled to descend at a specified speed or load. The impact test head 6 is fixedly mounted in its middle to ensure that the axis of the impact head is coaxial with the guide rail direction.

[0023] The upper pressure plate 24 adopts a high-strength rigid beam structure, possessing high bending and torsional stiffness to enhance the overall stability of the frame. It is located at the very top of the height adjustment mechanism 2, at the top of the guide rail 22, and is vertically aligned with the mounting base 20. Rigidly fixed to the top of the guide rail 22, it, together with the mounting base 20 and the guide rail 22, forms a closed portal rigid frame, significantly improving the overall impact resistance of the mechanism and preventing deformation of the guide rail under load.

[0024] like Figure 1 , 4As shown, the power output mechanism 4 is fixedly installed on the test bench 1 to provide controllable power to the height adjustment mechanism 2, and to realize the precise lifting, free impact descent, and constant static pressure loading of the impact test head 6. The power output mechanism 4 includes a rotary power output unit 40, a coupling 41, a first output gear 42, a first controllable clutch assembly 43, a static load wheel 44, a second output gear 45, a second controllable clutch assembly 46, and a stamping wheel 47. The output shaft of the rotary power output unit 40 is connected to the coupling 41. The first output gear 42 is installed at the front end of the coupling 41. The first output gear 42 and the second output gear 45 mesh. The front end of the first output gear 42 is connected to the static load wheel 44 through the first controllable clutch assembly 43. The first output gear 42 is connected to the stamping wheel 47 through the second controllable clutch assembly 46. The static load wheel 44 and the lower pressure wheel group 410 are connected by a transmission rope, and the stamping wheel 47 and the upper pull wheel group 400 are connected by a transmission rope.

[0025] Furthermore, both the first controllable clutch assembly 43 and the second controllable clutch assembly 46 employ electromagnetic clutches, primarily composed of an electromagnetic coil, a driving disc, a driven disc, a return spring, and a housing. They possess rapid and controllable on / off characteristics, with a response time ≤50ms, enabling precise start / stop control of power transmission and adapting to the switching requirements of impact testing and static pressure testing conditions. Specifically, the first controllable clutch assembly 43 is coaxially arranged between the first output gear 42 and the static load wheel 44. Its driving end is rigidly fixed to the output shaft of the first output gear 42 via a key connection, while its driven end is connected to the input shaft of the static load wheel 44 via a tightening sleeve, used to control the power on / off of the static pressure transmission route. Similarly, the second controllable clutch assembly 46 is coaxially arranged between the second output gear 45 and the stamping wheel 47. Its driving end is rigidly connected to the output shaft of the second output gear 45, while its driven end is rigidly connected to the input shaft of the stamping wheel 47, used to control the power on / off of the impact transmission route.

[0026] Furthermore, the transmission rope is preferably made of high-strength, low-elongation steel wire rope (synchronous belts, nylon ropes, etc. can also be used). One end is wound and fixed to the corresponding pulley, and the other end passes around the upper pulley group 400 and lower pulley group 410 at the upper pressure plate 24 of the height adjustment mechanism 2, and finally connects to the sliding plate 23 of the height adjustment mechanism 2. The upper pulley group 400 and lower pulley group 410 are pulley assemblies used to turn and increase the force of the transmission rope, ensuring that the traction force acts on the sliding plate 23 in the vertical direction and avoiding uneven loading.

[0027] Furthermore, the rotary power output unit 40 is the power source of this mechanism. In this embodiment, a servo motor is preferably used, but stepper motors, hydraulic motors, and other controllable rotary power sources can also be selected. It has precise speed, torque, and start-stop closed-loop control capabilities, and can output stable and adjustable rotary power to adapt to the power requirements of different test conditions. It is located at the leftmost end of the power output mechanism 4 and is the power input end of the entire transmission system. The first output gear 42 and the second output gear 45 form a meshing transmission pair, which is used to split the rotary power into two independent transmission routes, corresponding to the static pressure condition and the impact condition, respectively.

[0028] It should be noted that the power output mechanism 4, by controlling the on and off of two controllable clutch components, in conjunction with the closed-loop control of the rotation speed and torque of the rotary power output unit 40, can achieve independent operation of the two core working conditions of impact test and static pressure test. The impact test is as follows: Lifting stage: The first controllable clutch assembly 43 is de-energized and disengaged, while the second controllable clutch assembly 46 is energized and engaged; the rotary power output unit 40 rotates in the forward direction, driving the stamping wheel 47 to rotate in the forward direction and wind up the transmission rope via the coupling 41, the first output gear 42, the second output gear 45, and the second controllable clutch assembly 46; after the transmission rope is turned by the pull-up wheel assembly 400, the sliding plate 23 of the traction height adjustment mechanism 2 moves upward along the guide rail 22, lifting the impact test head 6 to the preset impact height.

[0029] Impact stage: When the impact test head 6 reaches the preset height, the second controllable clutch component 46 is instantly de-energized and separated, the stamping wheel 47 is completely disengaged from the power end, and the sliding plate 23, under its own weight and the weight of the impact test head 6, makes a drag-free free fall motion along the guide rail 22, driving the impact test head 6 to vertically impact the impact test piece 5 on the workpiece placement mechanism 3, thus completing the impact performance test. Reset phase: After the impact is completed, the second controllable clutch assembly 46 is energized and engaged again, the rotary power output unit 40 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the stamping wheel 47 to retract the rope, and the traction sliding plate 23 is reset to the initial position to prepare for the next test.

[0030] The static pressure test is as follows: Preparation phase: The second controllable clutch assembly 46 is de-energized and disengaged, while the first controllable clutch assembly 43 is energized and engaged; In the static pressure loading stage: the rotary power output unit 40 rotates forward in a low-speed, high-torque mode, driving the static load wheel 44 to rotate forward and wind up the transmission rope via the coupling 41, the first output gear 42, and the first controllable clutch assembly 43; after the transmission rope is turned by the lower pressure wheel assembly 410, it drives the sliding plate 23 to move slowly downward along the guide rail 22, causing the impact test head 6 to gradually approach and contact the impact test piece 5; after contact, the rotary power output unit 40 continuously outputs a constant torque, so that the impact test head 6 continuously acts on the impact test piece 5 with a preset static pressure load, completing the static pressure loading test; Unloading and Reset Stage: After the static pressure test is completed, the rotary power output unit 40 rotates in the opposite direction, driving the static load wheel 44 to release the rope. The sliding plate 23 is slowly lifted and reset with the assistance of the buffer part 21 of the height adjustment mechanism 2, thus completing the unloading.

[0031] like Figure 5 As shown, the test workpiece placement mechanism 3 is fixedly installed below the test bench 1 and the height adjustment mechanism 2. It is used to support and clamp the impact test piece 5, and can provide support for specimen clamping and multi-condition mechanical testing of the clamped test piece, including uniaxial tension, fixed-angle torsion, tension-impact composite, torsion-impact composite, and static pressure loading composite. Specifically, the test workpiece placement mechanism 3 includes a linear slide 30, a tension drive unit 31, a torsion drive unit 32, a fixed clamp 33, a movable clamp 34, and a torque transmission unit 35. The tension drive unit 31 is fixed to the test table 1, and its output end is connected to the linear slide module 30, driving the linear slide module 30 to perform horizontal reciprocating motion. The torsion drive unit 32, the torque transmission unit 35, and the movable clamping fixture 34 are all fixed to the linear slide module 30, and the torsion drive unit 32 is connected to the movable clamping fixture 34 via the torque transmission unit 35. The fixed clamping fixture 33 is fixed to the test table 1 and is arranged coaxially opposite to the movable clamping fixture 34.

[0032] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the stretching drive unit 31 preferably uses a servo motor assembly, but it can also be replaced with a stepper motor reducer assembly, a hydraulic motor, etc. It is located at the rightmost end of the test workpiece placement mechanism 3 and is rigidly fixed to the end of the frame of the test table 1. The output end is rigidly connected to the lead screw nut seat of the linear slide module 30 through a flange coupling to provide stretching power.

[0033] The linear slide module 30 adopts a high-precision ball screw combined with a double linear guide rail integrated slide structure; it is arranged horizontally on the test table 1, located to the left of the tensile drive unit 31, and its right end is connected to the output end of the tensile drive unit 31 for transmission, and can perform horizontal reciprocating linear motion; the torsion drive unit 32, torque transmission seat 35, and movable clamping fixture 34 are rigidly fixed on the table to provide a mounting base for them.

[0034] In this embodiment, the torsion drive unit 32 preferably adopts a servo geared motor, which can be replaced by a hydraulic motor, stepper motor, and reducer assembly, etc. It is fixedly installed on the table surface of the linear slide module 30, located on the right side of the movable clamping fixture 34. The output shaft is rigidly connected coaxially to the input shaft of the movable clamping fixture 34 through the torque transmission seat 35, and outputs rotational torque.

[0035] In this embodiment, the torque transmission seat 35 is a rigid flange-type connecting seat made of 40Cr alloy steel. It is coaxially arranged between the torsion drive unit 32 and the movable clamping fixture 34. One end is rigidly connected to the output shaft of the torsion drive unit 32, and the other end is rigidly connected to the input shaft of the movable clamping fixture 34 to transmit torque and compensate for installation errors.

[0036] In this embodiment, the movable clamping fixture 34 is a manual quick clamp with anti-slip teeth machined on the clamping surface. It is arranged on the table of the linear slide module 30, located to the left of the torque transmission seat 35 and to the right of the fixed clamping fixture 33, and is coaxially opposite to the fixed clamping fixture 33. The right end is connected to the torsion drive unit 32 through the torque transmission seat 35, and can move horizontally with the linear slide module 30 and rotate with the torsion drive unit 32 to clamp the movable end of the impact test piece 5.

[0037] In this embodiment, the fixed clamping fixture 33 is a rigid fixing fixture used in conjunction with the movable clamping fixture 34. The base is rigidly fixed to the frame of the test bench 1 by bolts. It is located at the leftmost end of the test workpiece placement mechanism 3, coaxially opposite to the movable clamping fixture 34, and has no degree of freedom of movement. It is used to clamp the fixed end of the impact test piece 5 and provide fixed support.

[0038] Furthermore, the following describes how the workpiece placement mechanism 3, in conjunction with the height adjustment mechanism 2 and the power output mechanism 4, can achieve multiple working conditions such as pure tension, pure torsion, tension-impact composite, torsion-impact composite, and static pressure-tension / torsion composite.

[0039] Specimen clamping and preloading: The two ends of the impact test specimen 5 are clamped to the fixed clamping fixture 33 and the movable clamping fixture 34 respectively, and the fixtures are locked; according to the test requirements, the tensile drive unit 31 or the torsion drive unit 32 is started to complete the tensile, torsion or combined preloading, and the specimen is locked after the preset parameters are reached.

[0040] Pure tensile / pure torsion test: During the pure tensile test, the torsion drive unit 32 is locked, and the tensile drive unit 31 continuously stretches the specimen, collecting load and displacement data; during the pure torsion test, the tensile drive unit 31 is locked, and the torsion drive unit 32 continuously torsionals the specimen, collecting torque and rotation angle data; during the composite tensile-torsion test, both units are driven simultaneously to complete the composite loading test.

[0041] Tensile-impact composite test: After tensile preloading and locking are completed, the power output mechanism 4 starts the impact transmission route, pulling the impact test head 6 to a preset height. Then the second controllable clutch assembly 46 is disconnected, and the impact test head 6 falls freely to impact the specimen, collecting impact data; after the test, it is reset and unloaded.

[0042] Torsion-impact composite test: After completing torsional preloading and locking, the power output mechanism 4 starts the impact transmission route, pulls the impact test head 6 to a preset height, disconnects the second controllable clutch assembly 46 to achieve impact, collects data and then resets and unloads.

[0043] Static pressure-tensile / torsion composite test: After completing the tensile / torsion preload and locking, the power output mechanism 4 starts the static pressure transmission route, drives the impact test head 6 to slowly descend and apply static pressure load, collects data, and then resets and unloads.

[0044] In this embodiment, the type of each drive unit, fixture structure, and slide specifications can be adaptively adjusted according to test requirements (such as specimen size, load range, and test type). For example, for large specimens, the slide stroke and drive unit thrust can be increased; for high impact energy conditions, the structural strength of the fixture and slide can be upgraded. All of the above adjustments fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0045] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as one and two are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0046] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An impact testing device, characterized in that, Includes a test bench 1; A height adjustment mechanism fixedly mounted on a test bench for raising the impact test head to a specified height so that the impact test head impacts the test piece after the specified test height, or lowering the height until the impact head statically presses on the test piece. A test workpiece placement mechanism installed below the height adjustment mechanism for placing the impact test piece and for performing stretching and torsion tests on the impact test piece after clamping; A power output mechanism for raising the height adjustment mechanism to a specified height, lowering the height adjustment mechanism to a specified height, and outputting static pressure on the impact test piece.

2. The impact testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height adjustment mechanism includes a mounting base fixed to the test bench, a guide rail vertically fixed to the mounting base, an upper pressure plate fixed to the top of the guide rail, and a sliding plate slidably mounted on the guide rail. An impact test head is fixed in the middle of the sliding plate. An upper pull wheel assembly is provided on the upper surface of the sliding plate, and a lower pressure wheel assembly is provided on the lower surface. The height adjustment mechanism is used to drive the impact test head to rise to a specified test height and then fall freely to impact the test piece, or to drive the impact test head to descend to apply static pressure to the test piece.

3. The impact testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test workpiece placement mechanism is located below the height adjustment mechanism. The test workpiece placement mechanism includes a fixed clamp rigidly fixed to the test table, a movable clamp coaxially arranged opposite the fixed clamp, a tensile drive unit, a torsion drive unit, and a linear slide module. The output end of the tensile drive unit is connected to the linear slide module for driving the linear slide module to perform horizontal reciprocating motion. The torsion drive unit and the movable clamp are both mounted on the linear slide module, and the output end of the torsion drive unit is connected to the movable clamp. The test workpiece placement mechanism is used to clamp the impact test piece and apply tensile and torsional loading to the clamped impact test piece.

4. The impact testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power output mechanism includes a rotary power output unit. The output shaft of the rotary power output unit is driven by a first output gear, which meshes with a second output gear. The first output gear is driven by a static load wheel via a first controllable clutch assembly, and the second output gear is driven by a stamping wheel via a second controllable clutch assembly. The static load wheel is driven by a transmission rope to the lower pressure wheel assembly, and the stamping wheel is driven by a transmission rope to the upper pull wheel assembly. The power output mechanism drives the sliding plate to complete static pressure loading tests or impact tests by switching the first controllable clutch assembly and the second controllable clutch assembly on and off.

5. The impact testing apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power output mechanism is configured as follows: Under impact test conditions, the first controllable clutch component is de-energized and disengaged, while the second controllable clutch component is energized and engaged. The rotary power output unit drives the stamping wheel to rotate and wind up the transmission rope, pulling the sliding plate to a preset impact height. After the second controllable clutch component is de-energized, the sliding plate drives the impact test head to fall freely along the guide rail, completing the impact test. Under static pressure testing conditions, the second controllable clutch component is de-energized and disengaged, while the first controllable clutch component is energized and engaged. The rotary power output unit drives the static load wheel to rotate and wind up the transmission rope, causing the sliding plate to descend along the guide rail. This allows the impact test head to continuously apply a preset static pressure load to the impact test piece, completing the static pressure loading test.

6. The impact testing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stretching drive unit is a servo motor assembly, a stepper motor and reducer assembly, or a hydraulic motor. The output end of the stretching drive unit is rigidly connected to the lead screw and nut seat of the linear slide module via a coupling.

7. The impact testing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The torsion drive unit is a servo geared motor, hydraulic motor, or stepper motor and reducer assembly. The output shaft of the torsion drive unit is rigidly connected to the movable fixture coaxially via a torque transmission component.

8. The impact testing apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the fixed clamp and the movable clamp have anti-slip teeth on their clamping surfaces; the fixed clamp has no degree of freedom of movement, while the movable clamp can move horizontally in a straight line with the linear slide module and rotate with the torsional drive unit.

9. The impact testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test workpiece placement mechanism can perform tensile preloading, torsional preloading, or tensile-torsional composite preloading on the impact test piece and lock it. In conjunction with the height adjustment mechanism and the power output mechanism, it can complete tensile-impact composite testing, torsional-impact composite testing, static pressure-tensile composite testing, and static pressure-torsional composite testing.

10. An impact testing method, characterized in that, The impact testing device based on any one of claims 1 to 9 includes the following operating conditions: Impact test conditions: The first controllable clutch component is de-energized and disengaged, while the second controllable clutch component is energized and engaged; the rotary power output unit is started to rotate forward, driving the stamping wheel to wind up the transmission rope, pulling the sliding plate and the impact test head to the preset impact height; the second controllable clutch component is instantly de-energized and disengaged, the sliding plate drives the impact test head to fall freely along the guide rail, and the impact test workpiece is placed on the impact test piece on the impact test mechanism to complete the impact test; Static pressure test conditions: The second controllable clutch assembly is de-energized and disengaged, while the first controllable clutch assembly is energized and engaged; the rotary power output unit is started to rotate forward, driving the static load wheel to wind up the transmission rope, which in turn drives the sliding plate and the impact test head to slowly descend and contact the impact test piece. The rotary power output unit continuously outputs a constant torque, so that the impact test head continuously acts on the impact test piece with a preset static pressure load, thus completing the static pressure loading test; Tensile-impact composite test: Clamp both ends of the impact test piece to the fixed fixture and the movable fixture respectively, start the tensile drive unit to drive the linear slide module to move, complete the tensile preload on the impact test piece and lock it; execute the impact test condition to complete the tensile-impact composite test; Torsion-impact composite test: Clamp both ends of the impact test piece to the fixed fixture and the movable fixture respectively, start the torsion drive unit to drive the movable fixture to rotate, complete the torsion preload on the impact test piece and lock it; execute the impact test condition to complete the torsion-impact composite test; Static pressure-tensile / torsion combined test: Clamp both ends of the impact test piece to the fixed fixture and the movable fixture respectively, complete the tensile preload, torsion preload or tensile-torsion combined preload and lock; execute the static pressure test condition to complete the static pressure-tensile / torsion combined test.

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