A system and method for optimal tilt angle design of a photovoltaic rack

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic support optimal inclination design system and method, comprising a data storage module, a parameter acquisition module, a radiation calculation module, a support load calculation module, a support selection module, a power generation capacity simulation module, a spacing and land occupation calculation module, an economic evaluation module and a control optimization module, wherein the above modules are sequentially called to calculate different inclination schemes of the photovoltaic support, different levelized generation costs are obtained, the levelized generation costs under all inclination schemes of the photovoltaic support are compared, the minimum levelized generation cost and the corresponding inclination scheme are output, compared with a traditional design method taking maximum radiation or maximum power generation as a target, the application directly serves project investment decision-making, can realize the minimum generation cost in the whole life cycle of the photovoltaic power generation project, and significantly improves the internal rate of return and the investment return rate of the photovoltaic power station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic support optimal tilt angle design system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic brackets are key structural components in solar photovoltaic power generation systems used to support and fix photovoltaic modules. The selection of their installation tilt angle directly affects the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system.

[0003] Traditional photovoltaic (PV) support tilt angle design systems and methods determine the optimal tilt angle based on maximizing the total annual radiation received by the tilted surface of the PV modules, or on maximizing annual power generation. However, these methods only focus on power output and ignore the significant impact of tilt angle changes on land costs, support structure costs, foundation engineering work, and operation and maintenance costs (such as cleaning costs). In actual projects, while increasing the tilt angle may increase power generation, it also leads to increased land area, increased wind load on the support structure, and consequently, higher construction investment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a system and method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic support structure: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a photovoltaic support system for optimal tilt angle design, the system comprising: The data storage module stores parameters including: unit land price, operating cost, unit price of photovoltaic modules, strength of photovoltaic support for photovoltaic modules, type of photovoltaic support for photovoltaic modules, amount of steel used in photovoltaic support, and installation cost of photovoltaic modules. The types of photovoltaic support include fixed photovoltaic support and adjustable photovoltaic support. The parameter acquisition module is used to collect meteorological and geographical parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support. The radiation calculation module calculates the total annual radiation, quarterly radiation, and hourly radiation distribution received by the tilted surface of the photovoltaic module under different installation tilt angles of the photovoltaic support, based on the meteorological and geographical parameters. The support load calculation module calculates the wind load on the photovoltaic support under different tilt angles based on meteorological parameters. The support system is selected based on wind load, using one type of photovoltaic module for fixed photovoltaic support that meets the strength standard and one type of photovoltaic module for adjustable photovoltaic support that meets the strength standard. Power generation simulation module: Based on the radiation calculation results, the annual power generation of fixed photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles and the annual power generation of adjustable photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles are simulated and calculated. The spacing and land area calculation module calculates the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array corresponding to different tilt angles based on the geographical parameters and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic support, and then calculates the land area corresponding to the unit installed capacity. The economic evaluation module comprehensively calculates the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic (PV) brackets at different tilt angles based on annual power generation, land area, land price, unit price of PV modules, and installation cost of PV modules. The control optimization module calls the above modules to calculate different tilt angle schemes of the photovoltaic support in turn, obtain different levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), compare the LCOE of the photovoltaic support under all tilt angle schemes, and output the minimum LCOE and its corresponding tilt angle scheme.

[0005] Preferably, the parameter acquisition module includes a meteorological acquisition module and a geographic acquisition module; the meteorological acquisition module acquires meteorological parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support, including total horizontal radiation, direct normal radiation, horizontal diffuse radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure; the geographic acquisition module acquires geographic parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support, including longitude, latitude, altitude, surface reflectivity, and terrain slope. Preferably, the bracket selection module also includes a strength verification module, which compares the calculated wind load with the photovoltaic bracket strength thresholds pre-stored in the data storage module, and selects one fixed photovoltaic bracket and one adjustable photovoltaic bracket that have the minimum steel consumption while meeting wind resistance safety requirements.

[0006] Preferably, the power generation simulation module has a built-in or calls a professional photovoltaic simulation software engine. The power generation simulation module outputs annual and hourly power generation data of fixed photovoltaic supports at different tilt angles, and outputs annual and hourly power generation data of adjustable photovoltaic supports at different tilt angles.

[0007] Preferably, the adjustable photovoltaic bracket is used for quarterly tilt angle adjustment according to each quarter; the spacing and land area calculation module is used to calculate the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array and the corresponding land area based on the maximum tilt angle adopted by the adjustable photovoltaic bracket in each quarter of the year.

[0008] Preferably, the data storage module also stores the concrete usage parameters for the installation foundation corresponding to different photovoltaic bracket types. The concrete usage parameters for the installation foundation are used by the economic evaluation module to calculate the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE).

[0009] Preferably, the system also includes an output display module for displaying the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) variation curves under different tilt angle schemes in graphical form, and highlighting the optimal tilt angle position.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic support structure, the method comprising the following steps: S101, collect meteorological and geographical parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support, and store operating costs, unit land price, photovoltaic module unit price, photovoltaic support strength, photovoltaic support type, photovoltaic support steel consumption and photovoltaic module installation cost; S102, Based on the meteorological and geographical parameters, calculate the total annual radiation, quarterly radiation, and hourly radiation distribution received by the tilted surface of the photovoltaic module under different installation tilt angles; S103, Calculate the wind load borne by the photovoltaic support under different tilt angles based on meteorological parameters; S104, based on wind load, select one type of photovoltaic module each that meets the strength requirements of the fixed photovoltaic support and the adjustable photovoltaic support in the storage parameters; S105, based on the radiation calculation results, simulated calculations were performed on the annual power generation of fixed photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles and the annual power generation of adjustable photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles. S106. Based on the geographical parameters and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic support, calculate the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array corresponding to different tilt angles, and then calculate the land area corresponding to the unit installed capacity. S107, based on annual power generation, land area, land price, unit price of photovoltaic modules and installation cost of photovoltaic modules, comprehensively calculates the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles; S108 calculates different tilt angle schemes for photovoltaic brackets in sequence to obtain different levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Compare the LCOE under all tilt angle schemes and output the minimum LCOE and its corresponding tilt angle scheme.

[0011] Preferably, in step S101, the meteorological parameters include total horizontal radiation, direct normal radiation, horizontal diffuse radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure; the geographical parameters include the longitude, latitude, altitude, surface reflectivity, and terrain slope of the photovoltaic bracket location; and the amount of foundation concrete required for installation corresponding to different photovoltaic bracket types is also stored.

[0012] Preferably, in step S108, when calculating the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the adjustable photovoltaic (PV) bracket, the tilt angle scheme of the adjustable PV bracket is a combination of tilt angles formed by tilt angles in four different quarters. Multiple sets of tilt angle combinations formed by tilt angles in four different quarters are generated. The land area is determined according to the maximum tilt angle in each set of tilt angle combinations. The quarterly power generation of each tilt angle in each quarter is calculated. The quarterly power generation of the four different quarters is added together to obtain the annual power generation of the tilt angle combination. Then, the LCOE of the tilt angle combination is calculated. The minimum LCOE of the adjustable PV bracket and its corresponding tilt angle combination are selected. The minimum LCOE of the adjustable PV bracket is compared with the minimum LCOE of the fixed PV bracket. The smaller LCOE of the two and its corresponding tilt angle scheme are output.

[0013] In the embodiments of this application, compared with the prior art, the following technical effects are achieved: The present invention uses the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) as the core evaluation index. Through the economic evaluation module, the LCOE under different tilt angle schemes is calculated by comprehensively considering parameters such as annual power generation, land area, land price, unit price of photovoltaic modules and installation costs. The control optimization module automatically compares all schemes and outputs the tilt angle or tilt angle combination with the minimum LCOE. Compared with the traditional design method that takes the maximum radiation or maximum power generation as the target, the present invention directly serves the project investment decision and can achieve the lowest LCOE throughout the entire life cycle of the photovoltaic power generation project, significantly improving the internal rate of return and return on investment of the photovoltaic power station. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of an optimal tilt angle design system for photovoltaic brackets provided in some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic support according to some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0016] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0017] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details a photovoltaic support optimal tilt angle design system and method provided in this application through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0018] Example A photovoltaic mounting bracket optimal tilt angle design system includes: The data storage module uses a relational or non-relational database to pre-store various static parameters, including: unit land price, operating cost, unit price of photovoltaic modules, strength of photovoltaic brackets for photovoltaic modules, type of photovoltaic brackets for photovoltaic modules, amount of steel used in photovoltaic brackets, and installation cost of photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic bracket types include fixed photovoltaic brackets and adjustable photovoltaic brackets. The above parameters can be input through a human-computer interaction interface or imported from an external database. In this application, the photovoltaic module refers to a combined structure including photovoltaic panels and their photovoltaic brackets. The data storage module also stores the amount of foundation concrete used for installation corresponding to different types of photovoltaic brackets, and calculates the cost of foundation concrete based on the amount of foundation concrete used. The parameter acquisition module is used to collect meteorological and geographical parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support. The radiation calculation module calculates the total annual radiation, quarterly radiation, and hourly radiation distribution received by the tilted surface of the photovoltaic module under different installation tilt angles of the photovoltaic support, based on the meteorological and geographical parameters. The radiation calculation module can embed a radiation conversion algorithm or call an external radiation calculation engine. The support load calculation module calculates the wind load on the photovoltaic support under different tilt angles based on meteorological parameters. The support load calculation module outputs the standard value of wind load corresponding to each tilt angle for use by the subsequent support selection module. The support system is selected based on wind load, using one type of photovoltaic module for fixed photovoltaic support that meets the strength standard and one type of photovoltaic module for adjustable photovoltaic support that meets the strength standard. Power generation simulation module: Based on the radiation calculation results, the annual power generation of fixed photovoltaic support under different tilt angles and the annual power generation of adjustable photovoltaic support under different tilt angles are simulated. For adjustable photovoltaic support, a quarterly adjustment strategy is adopted to simulate the power generation of each quarter at the corresponding tilt angle and output the power generation data of each quarter. The power generation of the four different quarters is added together to obtain the annual power generation of the adjustable photovoltaic support. The spacing and land area calculation module calculates the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array corresponding to different tilt angles, based on the geographical parameters and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic support, and in accordance with the provisions of the "Design Code for Photovoltaic Power Stations" regarding no shading during the true solar time from 9:00 to 15:00 on the winter solstice. Based on the array arrangement method, such as the number of photovoltaic modules and the east-west arrangement length of the photovoltaic modules, the land area corresponding to the unit installed capacity is then calculated. The economic evaluation module comprehensively calculates the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for photovoltaic (PV) brackets at different tilt angles based on annual power generation, land area, land price, unit price of PV modules, and PV module installation costs. The formula for calculating LCOE is: LCOE = (CAPEX + Σ(OPEX_t / (1+r)^t)) / Σ(E_t / (1+r)^t), where LCOE is the levelized cost of electricity, CAPEX is the total construction investment, CAPEX includes PV module purchase cost, land cost, foundation concrete cost, and PV module installation costs, OPEX_t is the operating cost in year t, E_t is the annual power generation in year t, r is the discount rate, and t is the project's operating years. The land cost is the unit land price multiplied by the land area, the foundation concrete cost is the amount of foundation concrete used for installation multiplied by the unit price of concrete, and the PV module purchase cost is the unit price of PV modules multiplied by the total installed capacity. The control optimization module calls the aforementioned modules sequentially to calculate different tilt angle schemes for the photovoltaic (PV) support, obtaining different levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). It then compares the LCOE under all tilt angle schemes for the PV support, outputting the minimum LCOE and its corresponding tilt angle scheme. For adjustable PV supports, the tilt angle scheme is a combination of tilt angles from four different seasons. The control optimization module generates multiple tilt angle combinations, and for each combination, it calls the relevant modules to calculate the LCOE, selecting the minimum LCOE for the adjustable PV support and its corresponding tilt angle combination. Finally, it compares the minimum LCOE of the adjustable PV support with that of the fixed PV support, outputting the smaller LCOE and its corresponding tilt angle scheme.

[0019] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, the parameter acquisition module includes a meteorological acquisition module and a geographic acquisition module. The meteorological acquisition module acquires meteorological parameters of the photovoltaic support location, including total horizontal radiation, direct normal radiation, horizontal diffuse radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. The meteorological acquisition module can be connected to a meteorological station or online meteorological data service to acquire hourly meteorological parameters of the photovoltaic support location. The geographic acquisition module acquires geographic parameters of the photovoltaic support location, including longitude, latitude, altitude, surface reflectance, and terrain slope. The geographic acquisition module integrates a global navigation satellite system receiver and calls a geographic information system interface, including a national-level geographic information public service platform, such as Tianditu, or a GIS software platform, such as SuperMap GIS, MapGIS, and QGIS, to obtain the longitude, latitude, altitude, and terrain slope of the photovoltaic support location. The geographic acquisition module also calls a surface reflectance product database, such as MODIS series albedo products, Landsat series products, and GLASS products, to obtain the surface reflectance. For complex terrain, digital elevation model data can also be imported.

[0020] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, the bracket selection module further includes a strength verification module. The strength verification module compares the calculated wind load with the photovoltaic bracket strength threshold stored in the data storage module, and selects one fixed photovoltaic bracket and one adjustable photovoltaic bracket that have the minimum steel consumption while meeting the wind resistance safety requirements, thereby selecting the photovoltaic bracket with the highest material efficiency.

[0021] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, the power generation simulation module has a built-in or calls a professional photovoltaic simulation software engine, such as PVsyst, SAM and other photovoltaic simulation software engines. The power generation simulation module outputs the annual and hourly power generation data of fixed photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles, and outputs the annual and hourly power generation data of adjustable photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles.

[0022] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, the adjustable photovoltaic bracket is used to adjust the tilt angle quarterly according to each quarter; the spacing and land area calculation module is used to calculate the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array and the corresponding land area based on the maximum tilt angle adopted by the adjustable photovoltaic bracket in each quarter of the year, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic modules are unobstructed at any tilt angle of the photovoltaic bracket.

[0023] This invention uses a power generation simulation module to simulate the power generation of both fixed and adjustable photovoltaic (PV) mounting systems under different tilt angle schemes. It calculates the minimum levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and its corresponding tilt angle scheme for each. For adjustable mounting systems, this invention employs a quarterly adjustment strategy, generating multiple tilt angle combinations consisting of four different quarterly tilt angles. The footprint is determined based on the maximum tilt angle in each combination, and the annual power generation is obtained by summing the power generation of each quarter. The LCOE of this combination is then calculated and compared with the optimal scheme for fixed PV mounting systems, outputting the superior tilt angle scheme. This allows investors to scientifically compare the economics of the two mounting types within the same framework, providing a basis for mounting system selection.

[0024] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, the system further includes an output display module, which is used to display the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) variation curves under different tilt angle schemes in the form of charts, such as curves and bar charts of LCOE as a function of tilt angle, and to highlight the optimal tilt angle position.

[0025] A method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic mounting system includes the following steps: S101. Collect meteorological and geographical parameters of the photovoltaic support location. Collect meteorological and geographical parameters of the photovoltaic support location through meteorological stations, GIS or online data services. Store operating costs, unit land price, photovoltaic module unit price, photovoltaic support strength, photovoltaic support type, photovoltaic support steel consumption and photovoltaic module installation cost. Read operating costs, unit land price, photovoltaic module unit price, photovoltaic support strength, photovoltaic support type, photovoltaic support steel consumption and photovoltaic module installation cost through local database or user input. Photovoltaic support types include fixed photovoltaic support and adjustable photovoltaic support. For adjustable photovoltaic support, it is also necessary to store its quarterly adjustment strategy and corresponding tilt angle range. S102, based on the meteorological and geographical parameters, calculate the total annual radiation, quarterly radiation, and hourly radiation distribution received by the tilted surface of the photovoltaic module under different installation tilt angles. For example, use an anisotropic sky scattering model to calculate the total annual radiation, quarterly radiation, and hourly radiation distribution received by the tilted surface of the photovoltaic module under different installation tilt angles. During the calculation, the tilt angle is discretized into multiple candidate tilt angles. For example, take a candidate tilt angle every 1° and output the radiation data corresponding to each candidate tilt angle. S103, based on meteorological parameters, calculate the wind load borne by the photovoltaic support under different tilt angles. For each candidate tilt angle, calculate the corresponding wind load value and store it for use in subsequent steps. The wind load borne by the photovoltaic support under different tilt angles can be calculated according to the wind load standard value formula in the "Code for Design of Building Structures" or "Code for Design of Photovoltaic Support Structures". S104. Based on wind load, select one type of photovoltaic module from the storage parameters that meets the strength requirements for both fixed and adjustable photovoltaic supports. Compare the wind load at each tilt angle with the pre-stored photovoltaic support strength threshold in the data storage module. For fixed photovoltaic supports, select all tilt angle ranges that meet the requirement that the wind load is not greater than the strength threshold of the fixed photovoltaic support, and select one type of fixed photovoltaic support from them. Select the fixed photovoltaic support that meets the strength requirements and has the lowest unit price. Similarly, for adjustable photovoltaic supports, select the adjustable photovoltaic support with the lowest unit price that meets the wind resistance safety requirements. If there is no support that meets the strength requirements at certain tilt angles, mark the tilt angle scheme as infeasible. S105. Based on the radiation calculation results, the annual power generation of fixed photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles and the annual power generation of adjustable photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles are simulated and calculated. For adjustable photovoltaic brackets that are adjusted quarterly, the power generation at the corresponding tilt angle in each quarter needs to be calculated separately, and the power generation of each quarter is added together to obtain the annual power generation. S106. Based on the geographical parameters and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic support, calculate the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array corresponding to different tilt angles, and then calculate the land area corresponding to the unit installed capacity. After calculating the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array corresponding to different tilt angles, calculate the land area corresponding to the unit installed capacity according to the component size and array arrangement. For adjustable photovoltaic support, the tilt angle is different in each quarter. The maximum tilt angle used in each quarter of the year is used as the basis for calculating the spacing to ensure that the photovoltaic components are not blocked in any adjustment position of the adjustable photovoltaic support. S107, based on annual power generation, land area, land price, unit price of photovoltaic modules and installation cost of photovoltaic modules, comprehensively calculates the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic brackets under different tilt angles. When calculating, operating costs (OPEX) and discount rate also need to be considered. For fixed photovoltaic brackets, each candidate tilt angle corresponds to an LCOE value. For adjustable photovoltaic brackets, each set of quarterly tilt angle combinations corresponds to an LCOE value. S108 calculates different tilt angle schemes for photovoltaic brackets in sequence to obtain different levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Compare the LCOE under all tilt angle schemes and output the minimum LCOE and its corresponding tilt angle scheme.

[0026] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, in step S101, the meteorological parameters include total horizontal radiation, direct normal radiation, horizontal diffuse radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. The geographical parameters include the longitude, latitude, altitude, surface reflectivity, and terrain slope of the photovoltaic bracket location. The amount of foundation concrete required for installation corresponding to different photovoltaic bracket types is also stored.

[0027] As an optional implementation of this embodiment, in step S108, when calculating the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the adjustable photovoltaic (PV) bracket, the tilt angle scheme of the adjustable PV bracket is a combination of tilt angles formed by tilt angles in four different quarters. The four quarters are spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Multiple sets of tilt angle combinations are generated, and the land area is determined according to the maximum tilt angle in each set. The quarterly power generation of each tilt angle in each quarter is calculated, and the quarterly power generation of the four different quarters is added together to obtain the annual power generation of the tilt angle combination. Then, the LCOE of the tilt angle combination is calculated, the minimum LCOE of the adjustable PV bracket and its corresponding tilt angle combination are selected, the minimum LCOE of the adjustable PV bracket is compared with the minimum LCOE of the fixed PV bracket, and the smaller LCOE and its corresponding tilt angle scheme are output. Finally, the output result is provided to the user or subsequent design system.

[0028] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0029] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic support system for optimal tilt angle design, characterized in that, The system includes: The data storage module stores parameters including: unit land price, operating cost, unit price of photovoltaic modules, strength of photovoltaic support for photovoltaic modules, type of photovoltaic support for photovoltaic modules, amount of steel used in photovoltaic support, and installation cost of photovoltaic modules. The types of photovoltaic support include fixed photovoltaic support and adjustable photovoltaic support. The parameter acquisition module is used to collect meteorological and geographical parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support. The radiation calculation module calculates the total annual radiation, quarterly radiation, and hourly radiation distribution received by the tilted surface of the photovoltaic module under different installation tilt angles of the photovoltaic support, based on the meteorological and geographical parameters. The support load calculation module calculates the wind load on the photovoltaic support under different tilt angles based on meteorological parameters. The support system is selected based on wind load, using one type of photovoltaic module for fixed photovoltaic support that meets the strength standard and one type of photovoltaic module for adjustable photovoltaic support that meets the strength standard. Power generation simulation module: Based on the radiation calculation results, the annual power generation of fixed photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles and the annual power generation of adjustable photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles are simulated and calculated. The spacing and land area calculation module calculates the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array corresponding to different tilt angles based on the geographical parameters and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic support, and then calculates the land area corresponding to the unit installed capacity. The economic evaluation module comprehensively calculates the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles based on annual power generation, land area, unit land price, operating costs, unit price of photovoltaic modules, and photovoltaic module installation costs. The control optimization module calls the above modules to calculate different tilt angle schemes of the photovoltaic support in turn, obtain different levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), compare the LCOE of the photovoltaic support under all tilt angle schemes, and output the minimum LCOE and its corresponding tilt angle scheme.

2. The photovoltaic support optimal tilt angle design system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameter acquisition module includes a meteorological acquisition module and a geographic acquisition module. The meteorological acquisition module acquires meteorological parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support, including total horizontal radiation, direct normal radiation, horizontal diffuse radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. The geographic acquisition module acquires geographic parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support, including longitude, latitude, altitude, surface reflectivity, and terrain slope.

3. The photovoltaic support optimal tilt angle design system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bracket selection module also includes a strength verification module. The strength verification module compares the calculated wind load with the photovoltaic bracket strength thresholds pre-stored in the data storage module, and selects one fixed photovoltaic bracket and one adjustable photovoltaic bracket that have the minimum steel consumption while meeting wind resistance safety requirements.

4. The photovoltaic support optimal tilt angle design system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation simulation module has a built-in or calls a professional photovoltaic simulation software engine. The power generation simulation module outputs annual and hourly power generation data of fixed photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles, and outputs annual and hourly power generation data of adjustable photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles.

5. The photovoltaic support optimal tilt angle design system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The adjustable photovoltaic support is used for quarterly tilt angle adjustment according to each quarter; the spacing and land area calculation module is used to calculate the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array and the corresponding land area based on the maximum tilt angle adopted by the adjustable photovoltaic support in each quarter of the year.

6. The photovoltaic support optimal tilt angle design system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data storage module also stores parameters for the amount of concrete used in the foundation for installation corresponding to different types of photovoltaic brackets. The amount of concrete used in the foundation for installation is used by the economic evaluation module to calculate the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE).

7. The photovoltaic support optimal tilt angle design system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an output display module, which is used to display the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) variation curves under different tilt angle schemes in the form of charts, and highlight the optimal tilt angle position.

8. A method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic support structure, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S101, collect meteorological and geographical parameters of the location of the photovoltaic support, and store operating costs, unit land price, photovoltaic module unit price, photovoltaic support strength, photovoltaic support type, photovoltaic support steel consumption and photovoltaic module installation cost; S102, Based on the meteorological and geographical parameters, calculate the total annual radiation, quarterly radiation, and hourly radiation distribution received by the tilted surface of the photovoltaic module under different installation tilt angles; S103, Calculate the wind load borne by the photovoltaic support under different tilt angles based on meteorological parameters; S104, based on wind load, select one type of photovoltaic module each that meets the strength requirements of the fixed photovoltaic support and the adjustable photovoltaic support in the storage parameters; S105, based on the radiation calculation results, simulated calculations were performed on the annual power generation of fixed photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles and the annual power generation of adjustable photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles. S106. Based on the geographical parameters and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic support, calculate the minimum spacing between the front and rear rows of the photovoltaic array corresponding to different tilt angles, and then calculate the land area corresponding to the unit installed capacity. S107, based on annual power generation, land area, land price, unit price of photovoltaic modules and installation cost of photovoltaic modules, comprehensively calculates the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of photovoltaic brackets at different tilt angles; S108 calculates different tilt angle schemes for photovoltaic brackets in sequence to obtain different levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Compare the LCOE under all tilt angle schemes and output the minimum LCOE and its corresponding tilt angle scheme.

9. The method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic support according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S101, the meteorological parameters include total horizontal radiation, direct normal radiation, horizontal diffuse radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure. The geographical parameters include the longitude, latitude, altitude, surface reflectivity, and terrain slope of the photovoltaic bracket location. It also stores the amount of foundation concrete required for different photovoltaic bracket types.

10. The method for designing the optimal tilt angle of a photovoltaic support according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S108, when calculating the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the adjustable photovoltaic (PV) bracket, the tilt angle scheme of the adjustable PV bracket is a combination of tilt angles formed by tilt angles in four different quarters. Multiple sets of tilt angle combinations are generated, and the land area is determined according to the maximum tilt angle in each set. The quarterly power generation of each tilt angle in each quarter is calculated separately. The quarterly power generation of the four different quarters is added together to obtain the annual power generation of the tilt angle combination. Then, the LCOE of the tilt angle combination is calculated. The minimum LCOE of the adjustable PV bracket and its corresponding tilt angle combination are selected. The minimum LCOE of the adjustable PV bracket is compared with the minimum LCOE of the fixed PV bracket, and the smaller LCOE of the two and its corresponding tilt angle scheme are output.

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