An airport bird risk assessment method based on bird air situation

Abstract

The application discloses an airport bird risk assessment method based on bird air situation, and belongs to the technical field of aviation safety. The flight position and speed of a flying bird, the three-dimensional coordinate information of the starting point and the ending point of the center line of a fixed runway of an airport, and the flight path, real-time position and speed of an aircraft target are acquired; the spatial proximity probability is calculated based on the center position and the flight path of a flying bird group; the speed consistency probability is calculated based on the speed vector and the relative position of the flying bird group center position and the aircraft; the height matching probability is calculated based on the flying bird group center position and the aircraft position; the spatial area risk probability is calculated based on the horizontal distance between the flying bird group center position and the runway center line; and the cluster dispersion probability is calculated based on the number of the flying bird group and the dispersion characteristics of the three-dimensional space of the flying bird group. The comprehensive collision probability is obtained by weighting and summing each partial probability according to the weight. The application provides strong technical support for the stable operation of an airport.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation safety technology, specifically relating to an airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation, used to quantitatively assess and classify the risk of collisions between birds and aircraft around airports. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the air transport industry, airport operational safety has become one of the core issues of concern in the global civil aviation sector. Bird strikes (i.e., collisions between birds and aircraft) are a significant threat to aviation safety. Bird strikes can not only cause structural damage to aircraft but also trigger serious flight accidents, resulting in substantial casualties and economic losses. Therefore, effectively monitoring bird activity in and around airports and accurately assessing the collision risk with aircraft has become a crucial aspect of airport bird strike prevention efforts.

[0003] Currently, existing bird strike risk assessment methods mostly focus on single-dimensional analysis, such as building statistical models based on bird numbers, activity frequency, or historical bird strike data, or making rough judgments based on the spatial relationship between bird locations and airport runways. Some methods introduce the relative position or speed of birds and aircraft, but often ignore the dynamic trends of their movements, spatial distribution characteristics, and the combined effects of multiple factors. Furthermore, existing models typically lack a weighted fusion mechanism for multiple risk factors during the assessment process, resulting in insufficient comprehensiveness and accuracy of the assessment results, making it difficult to meet the needs of refined and dynamic risk warnings in actual operations. In particular, most existing models only focus on the number of birds, ignoring the impact of the spatial dispersion characteristics of bird flocks on collision risk. In reality, for the same number of birds, the wider the dispersion range, the higher the probability of them covering the aircraft's flight path, and the greater the collision risk.

[0004] Therefore, this invention comprehensively considers factors such as the three-dimensional spatial location of bird targets, flight speed, airport location, bird population, flight dispersion, and spatial relationship with the runway, and constructs an influencing factor that includes five dimensions: space, speed, altitude, regional distribution, and cluster dispersion. This allows for a more comprehensive assessment of the threat level of birds to aircraft flight, providing technical support for airport construction and subsequent effective operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation, which can comprehensively consider multiple risk factors and introduce a scientific fusion of flock spatial distribution characteristics to output a more comprehensive and accurate collision probability and threat level, providing strong technical support for the stable operation of airports.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] An airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Obtain the flight positions of all observable birds. and speed ;

[0009] Step 2, Obtain the starting point of the airport fixed runway centerline. and the end point Three-dimensional coordinate information;

[0010] Step 3: Obtain the fixed flight path and real-time flight position of the aircraft target. and flight speed Fixed flight paths are simplified to the aircraft's starting point. To the finish line The straight line segment;

[0011] Step 4, based on the center position of the flock of birds The probability of spatial proximity to the aircraft's flight path is calculated using a Gaussian function. ;

[0012] Step 5, based on the center position of the flock of birds Calculate the velocity consistency probability using the aircraft's velocity vector and relative position. ;

[0013] Step 6: Calculate the altitude matching probability based on the center position of the flock of birds and the position of the aircraft. ;

[0014] Step 7: Calculate the spatial risk probability based on the horizontal distance between the center of the flock of birds and the runway centerline. ;

[0015] Step 8: Calculate the flock dispersion probability based on the number of birds and their three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics. ;

[0016] Step 9: Use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of each component probability. ;

[0017] Step 10: Calculate the weighted sum of the probabilities of each component according to the weights to obtain the overall collision probability. ;

[0018] Furthermore, the position of the bird in step 1 The calculation method is as follows:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the coordinates of the i-th bird in the flock. These represent their coordinates in three-dimensional space.

[0021] bird flock speed The expression is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the speed of the i-th bird in the flock. Let represent the flight speed of the i-th bird in three-dimensional space.

[0024] Furthermore, the starting point of the airport fixed runway centerline in step 2 and the end point The calculation method for three-dimensional coordinate information is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] in, and These represent the coordinates of the starting point and the ending point in three spatial dimensions, respectively.

[0027] Furthermore, the starting point of the aircraft's fixed flight path in step 3. and the end point The three-dimensional spatial position and the aircraft's position can be expressed as:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, The coordinates of the aircraft's starting point in three-dimensional space are given. The coordinates of the aircraft's destination in three-dimensional space. These are the coordinates of the aircraft's real-time position in three-dimensional space.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 4, the spatial proximity probability The calculation method is as follows:

[0031] (4.1) First, calculate the direction vector of the aircraft's flight path. and path length :

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] in, This indicates the magnitude of the vector modulo.

[0035] (4.2) Then, calculate the center position of the flock of birds. :

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. These represent their coordinates in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional coordinates representing the center of the flock of birds.

[0038] (4.3) Next, calculate the center position of the flock of birds. Shortest distance to the aircraft's takeoff path Its expression is as follows:

[0039] Let temporary vector Then the projection parameters can be calculated. :

[0040]

[0041] Shortest distance The calculation method is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] (4.4) Calculate the spatial proximity probability using the Gaussian decay function :

[0044]

[0045] in, This is the distance scale parameter.

[0046] Furthermore, in step 5, the speed consistency probability The calculation steps are as follows:

[0047] (5.1) Calculate the relative velocity vector of the aircraft with respect to the center of the flock of birds. and relative position vector :

[0048]

[0049]

[0050] in, and These represent the aircraft's speed and position, respectively. The center position of the flock, the average speed of the flock It can be represented as:

[0051]

[0052] in, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the speed of the i-th bird in the flock. Let represent the flight speed of the i-th bird in three-dimensional space.

[0053] (5.2) Calculate the relative velocity vector and relative position vector cosine of the included angle :

[0054]

[0055] like or ,but The value is 1.

[0056] (5.3) Calculate the velocity magnitude attenuation factor :

[0057]

[0058] in, For velocity scale parameters.

[0059] (5.4) Calculation speed consistency probability Its expression is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] Furthermore, the high matching probability in step 6 for:

[0062]

[0063] in, For height-scale parameters, For the aircraft's real-time altitude, The height of the center of the flock of birds.

[0064] Furthermore, in step 7, the spatial region risk probability The calculation method is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] The shortest distance from the center point of the flock of birds to the center line of the runway is: , This is a regional scale parameter.

[0067] Furthermore, in step 8, the cluster dispersion probability The calculation method is as follows:

[0068] (8.1) If the total number of flocks of birds is 1, then ;

[0069] (8.2) If the number of birds in the flock is greater than 1, calculate the standard deviation of the coordinates based on the three-dimensional coordinates of all birds. , and :

[0070]

[0071] in, These represent the coordinates of the bird in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional coordinates representing the center of the flock of birds.

[0072] Then the probability of cluster dispersion that combines the location and number of bird flocks The calculation method is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Furthermore, the weights of the component probabilities in step 9 for:

[0075]

[0076] in, These represent the weights corresponding to the spatial proximity probability, velocity consistency probability, height matching probability, spatial region risk probability, and cluster dispersion probability, respectively.

[0077] Furthermore, in step 10, the overall collision probability is considered. The expression is as follows:

[0078]

[0079] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0080] (1) This invention proposes an airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation, which integrates five dimensions of risk factors: space, speed, altitude, regional distribution, and flocking dispersion. In particular, it adds the spatial dispersion characteristics of flocking, avoiding the one-sidedness of assessment based on a single factor.

[0081] (2) The method of the present invention can introduce the cluster dispersion probability, consider the risk difference caused by different dispersion ranges of the same number of bird flocks, and output an intuitive threat probability, providing technical support for the rapid response of airport management personnel. Attached Figure Description

[0082] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the airport line segment extraction method. Detailed Implementation

[0083] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0084] An airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation includes the following steps:

[0085] Step 1: Obtain the flight positions of all observable birds. and speed Bird position The calculation method is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the coordinates of the i-th bird in the flock. These represent their coordinates in three-dimensional space.

[0088] bird flock speed The expression is as follows:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the speed of the i-th bird in the flock. Let represent the flight speed of the i-th bird in three-dimensional space.

[0091] Step 2, Obtain the starting point of the airport fixed runway centerline. and the end point Three-dimensional coordinate information, starting point of the centerline of the airport fixed runway and the end point The calculation method for three-dimensional coordinate information is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] in, and These represent the coordinates of the starting point and the ending point in three spatial dimensions, respectively.

[0094] Step 3: Obtain the fixed flight path and real-time flight position of the aircraft target. and flight speed Fixed flight paths are simplified to the aircraft's starting point. To the finish line A straight segment; the starting point of an aircraft's fixed flight path. and the end point 3D spatial position and real-time aircraft position This can be expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] In the formula, The coordinates of the aircraft's starting point in three-dimensional space are given. The coordinates of the aircraft's destination in three-dimensional space. These are the coordinates of the aircraft's real-time position in three-dimensional space.

[0097] Step 4, based on the center position of the flock of birds The probability of spatial proximity to the aircraft's flight path is calculated using a Gaussian function. The calculation method is as follows:

[0098] (4.1) First, calculate the direction vector of the aircraft's flight path. and path length :

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] in, This indicates the magnitude of the vector modulo.

[0102] (4.2) Then, calculate the center position of the flock of birds. :

[0103]

[0104] In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. These represent their coordinates in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional coordinates representing the center of the flock of birds.

[0105] (4.3) Next, calculate the center position of the flock of birds. Shortest distance to the aircraft's takeoff path Its expression is as follows:

[0106] Let temporary vector Then the projection parameters can be calculated. :

[0107]

[0108] Shortest distance The calculation method is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] (4.4) Finally, the Gaussian decay function is used to calculate the spatial proximity probability. :

[0111]

[0112] in, This is the distance scale parameter.

[0113] Step 5, based on the center position of the flock of birds Calculate the velocity consistency probability using the aircraft's velocity vector and relative position. The calculation steps are as follows:

[0114] (5.1) Calculate the relative velocity vector of the aircraft with respect to the center of the flock of birds. and relative position vector :

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] in, and These represent the aircraft's speed and position, respectively. The center position of the flock, the average speed of the flock Represented as:

[0118]

[0119] in, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the speed of the i-th bird in the flock. Let represent the flight speed of the i-th bird in three-dimensional space.

[0120] (5.2) Calculate the relative velocity vector and relative position vector cosine of the included angle :

[0121]

[0122] like or ,but The value is 1.

[0123] (5.3) Calculate the velocity magnitude attenuation factor :

[0124]

[0125] in, For velocity scale parameters.

[0126] (5.4) Calculation speed consistency probability Its expression is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] Step 6: Calculate the altitude matching probability based on the center position of the flock of birds and the position of the aircraft. The expression is as follows:

[0129]

[0130] in, For height-scale parameters, For the aircraft's real-time altitude, The height of the center of the flock of birds.

[0131] Step 7: Calculate the spatial risk probability based on the horizontal distance between the center of the flock of birds and the runway centerline. The calculation method is as follows:

[0132]

[0133] The shortest distance from the center point of the flock of birds to the center line of the runway is: , This is a regional scale parameter.

[0134] Step 8: Calculate the flock dispersion probability based on the number of birds and their three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics. The calculation method is as follows:

[0135] (8.1) If the total number of flocks of birds is 1, then ;

[0136] (8.2) If the number of birds in the flock is greater than 1, calculate the standard deviation of the coordinates based on the three-dimensional coordinates of all birds. , and :

[0137]

[0138] in, These represent the coordinates of the bird in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional coordinates representing the center of the flock of birds.

[0139] Then the probability of cluster dispersion that combines the location and number of bird flocks The calculation method is as follows:

[0140]

[0141] Step 9: Use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of each component probability. Its expression is:

[0142]

[0143] in, These represent the weights corresponding to the spatial proximity probability, velocity consistency probability, height matching probability, spatial region risk probability, and cluster dispersion probability, respectively.

[0144] Step 10: Calculate the weighted sum of the probabilities of each component according to the weights to obtain the overall collision probability. Its expression is as follows:

[0145]

[0146] In summary, the airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation proposed in this invention comprehensively considers multi-dimensional risk factors, dynamic prediction trends, and incorporates a scientific fusion of cluster spatial distribution characteristics to assess airport bird strike risk. It adopts a scientific probability weight determination method to provide strong technical support for airport technicians to accurately detect bird threats.

Claims

1. A method for airport bird risk assessment based on bird aerial situation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the flight positions of all observable birds. and speed ; Step 2, Obtain the starting point of the airport fixed runway centerline. and the end point Three-dimensional coordinate information; Step 3: Obtain the fixed flight path and real-time flight position of the aircraft target. and flight speed Fixed flight paths are simplified to the aircraft's starting point. To the finish line The straight line segment; Step 4, based on the center position of the flock of birds The probability of spatial proximity to the aircraft's flight path is calculated using a Gaussian function. ; Step 5, based on the center position of the flock of birds Calculate the velocity consistency probability using the aircraft's velocity vector and relative position. ; Step 6: Calculate the altitude matching probability based on the center position of the flock of birds and the position of the aircraft. ; Step 7: Calculate the spatial risk probability based on the horizontal distance between the center of the flock of birds and the runway centerline. ; Step 8: Calculate the flock dispersion probability based on the number of birds and their three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics. ; Step 9: Use the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weights of each component probability. ; Step 10: Calculate the weighted sum of the probabilities of each component according to the weights to obtain the overall collision probability. .

2. The airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The position of the bird in step 1 The calculation method is as follows: ， In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the coordinates of the i-th bird in the flock. These represent their coordinates in three-dimensional space; bird flock speed The expression is as follows: ， In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the speed of the i-th bird in the flock. Let represent the flight speed of the i-th bird in three-dimensional space.

3. The airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Spatial proximity probability in step 4 The calculation method is as follows: First, calculate the direction vector of the aircraft's flight path. and path length : ， ， in, This indicates the magnitude of the vector modulo. Then, calculate the center position of the flock of birds. : ， In the formula, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. These represent their coordinates in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional coordinates representing the center of the flock; Next, calculate the center position of the flock of birds. Shortest distance to the aircraft's takeoff path Its expression is as follows: Let temporary vector Then the projection parameters can be calculated. : ， Shortest distance The calculation method is as follows: ， Calculating spatial proximity probability using a Gaussian decay function : ， in, This is the distance scale parameter.

4. The airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Speed ​​consistency probability in step 5 The calculation steps are as follows: (5.1) Calculate the relative velocity vector of the aircraft with respect to the center of the flock of birds. and relative position vector : ， ， in, and These represent the aircraft's speed and position, respectively. The center position of the flock, the average speed of the flock Represented as: ， in, This represents the total number of all observable bird species. Let be the speed of the i-th bird in the flock. Let represent the flight speed of the i-th bird in three-dimensional space; Calculate the relative velocity vector and relative position vector cosine of the included angle : ， like or ,but The value is 1; Calculate the speed attenuation factor : ， in, For velocity scale parameters; Calculation speed consistency probability Its expression is as follows: 。 5. The airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, High matching probability in step 6 for: ， in, For height-scale parameters, For the aircraft's real-time altitude, The height of the center of the flock of birds.

6. The airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step 7: Spatial region risk probability The calculation method is as follows: ， The shortest distance from the center point of the flock of birds to the center line of the runway is: , This is a regional scale parameter.

7. The airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Cluster dispersion probability in step 8 The calculation method is as follows: If the total number of flocks of birds is 1, then ; If the flock size is greater than 1, calculate the standard deviation of the coordinates based on the three-dimensional coordinates of all birds. , and : ， in, These represent the coordinates of the bird in three-dimensional space. The three-dimensional coordinates representing the center of the flock; Then the probability of cluster dispersion that combines the location and number of bird flocks The calculation method is as follows: 。 8. The airport bird risk assessment method based on bird aerial situation as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 10, the overall collision probability is considered. The expression is as follows: ， in, These represent the weights corresponding to the spatial proximity probability, velocity consistency probability, height matching probability, spatial region risk probability, and cluster dispersion probability, respectively.

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