A method for separating and selectively extracting active ingredients of epimedium based on temperature-controlled phase change barrier

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredient extraction, and specifically discloses a method for spatiotemporal separation and selective extraction of active ingredients of Epimedium based on a temperature-controlled phase change barrier. The method uses temperature-controlled phase change microcapsule pre-embedding technology combined with a double-cavity tandem pulse ultrasonic temperature gradient coupled extraction system. First, Epimedium powder is mixed with phase change microcapsules of specific melting point to form a reversible physical release barrier. Then, in the first low-temperature extraction cavity, the microcapsule solid barrier selectively blocks the dissolution of epimedin, while efficiently extracting icariin under the assistance of pulse ultrasonic. The residual target components are locked and degradation is inhibited by rapid cooling of the extraction residue through an inter-stage rapid cooling unit. Finally, in the second high-temperature extraction cavity, the microcapsules melt to release epimedin, and the extraction is completed under the continuous ultrasonic intensification. Through the three-dimensional isolation strategy of "time, space and thermal environment", the extraction rate of icariin can reach more than 90%, and the extraction rate of epimedin can reach more than 85%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of modern pharmaceutical extraction and separation technology, and particularly to a refined and selective extraction method and dedicated system for various flavonol glycoside active components in Epimedium. Specifically, this invention innovatively introduces temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules as an intelligent release barrier, and combines dual-chamber series, temperature gradient, and pulsed ultrasound coupling technology to achieve spatiotemporal separation and efficient, low-loss extraction of water-soluble icariin and low-polarity, thermally unstable icariin-like components from Epimedium. Background Technology

[0002] Epimedium, the dried leaves of the plant Epimedium brevicornu (family Berberidaceae), is a traditional Chinese medicine used to tonify the kidneys and enhance male virility. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that its main active components are flavonol glycosides, such as icariin, citrogine A, B, and C. These components exhibit varying degrees of polarity and thermal stability. Icariin has relatively good water solubility, while citrogine-like components have lower polarity and are more prone to hydrolysis, isomerization, and other degradation reactions during high-temperature water extraction.

[0003] Currently, industrial extraction of total flavonoids from Epimedium primarily employs methods such as water decoction, alcohol reflux, or single-condition ultrasonic / microwave-assisted extraction. These methods have the following inherent drawbacks: 1. Poor extraction selectivity: Under single extraction conditions, it is impossible to perform differentiated extraction based on the solubility characteristics of different components, resulting in complex extract composition, low purity of target components, and heavy burden on subsequent separation and purification.

[0004] 2. Heat-sensitive components are easily degraded: In order to improve the extraction rate of components such as icariin, it is often necessary to increase the temperature or extend the extraction time, but this will simultaneously accelerate the degradation of components such as icariin; conversely, if a low temperature is used to protect icariin, the extraction rate of icariin will be low. This contradiction between "extraction rate and degradation rate" is prominent.

[0005] 3. Low energy efficiency: Traditional methods have low heat transfer efficiency, require long heating time, have high overall energy consumption, and have serious local overheating, which aggravates component damage.

[0006] 4. Insufficient process flexibility: It is difficult to continuously switch optimized extraction conditions for different components in the same set of equipment, and it relies heavily on step-by-step batch operations, resulting in low production efficiency.

[0007] In recent years, some new technologies, such as supercritical CO2 extraction and molecular imprinting, have been attempted for the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine. However, they are either limited by cost and scale, or they are unable to solve the problem of synergistic extraction of multiple components in complex systems. Although ultrasound-assisted extraction can enhance mass transfer, if the cavitation heat effect it generates is not properly controlled, it can exacerbate local overheating, which is detrimental to heat-sensitive components.

[0008] Therefore, developing an extraction method and system that can fundamentally isolate active ingredients with different extraction characteristics in three dimensions—time, space, and thermal environment—to achieve full extraction and effective preservation, has become a technical challenge that urgently needs to be overcome in the refined processing of Epimedium and similar traditional Chinese medicines. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a spatiotemporal selective extraction method for the active components of Epimedium, thereby solving the problem of achieving both high extraction rates and low degradation rates for icariin and hornypoglycine-like components in Epimedium.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a dedicated extraction system for implementing the above-described method, which enables precise programmed control of temperature, pressure, and ultrasonic field, as well as continuous processing of materials.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a new use of the temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules in the selective extraction of multiple components of traditional Chinese medicine.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows: A Spatiotemporal Separation Selective Extraction Method for Active Ingredients of Epimedium The core of this method lies in constructing a process system characterized by "pretreatment barrier formation, extraction step-by-step process, and environmental isolation." Specifically, it includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment and intelligent barrier construction: The dried Epimedium herb is pulverized to 40-80 mesh (preferably 60 mesh) to obtain a suitable specific surface area. The key operation involves physically mixing the Epimedium powder with specially formulated temperature-controlled phase-change microcapsules at a mass ratio of 1:(0.2-0.5) (preferably 1:0.3), and adding an appropriate amount of water or buffer solution to allow it to soak for 1-3 hours (preferably 2 hours). During this process, the microcapsules are uniformly dispersed and adhere to the surface and pore entrances of the herb powder.

[0013] The temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules are key to achieving selective release in this invention. The core material is a phase change material with a specific melting point, preferably lauric acid (melting point approximately 43-46℃, but its phase change point can be adjusted to the required 110-130℃, preferably 120℃, through nanocompositing or blending with high-melting-point materials). In its solid state, the core material forms a physical barrier against macromolecules or hydrophobic components such as icariin. The wall material is a hydrophilic polymer composite material with good biocompatibility and mechanical strength, such as a composite gel wall formed by ionic crosslinking of sodium alginate and chitosan. This wall material is stable in a low-temperature aqueous phase, allowing water molecules and small molecule icariin to permeate freely, while effectively preventing leakage of the solid core material and the encapsulated icariin component. The microcapsule encapsulation rate should be ≥90%, and the particle size distribution should preferably be 10-100 μm to ensure uniform mixing.

[0014] S2, First Stage: Low-Temperature Selective Extraction (for Icariin): The pretreated mixture is fed into the first extraction chamber (low-temperature chamber). Extraction solvent (preferably pure water or a low-concentration aqueous ethanol solution, ethanol volume fraction ≤30%) is added, controlling the feed-to-liquid ratio at 1:15 to 1:25 (w / v, preferably 1:20). Then, precise environmental control is initiated: Temperature: Controlled at 110-130℃ (e.g., 120℃). This temperature is below the set melting point of the phase change microcapsules to ensure that the core material inside the microcapsule wall remains solid and the barrier function is intact.

[0015] Pressure: Maintain a moderately high pressure of 4-7 MPa (preferably 6 MPa). This pressure can, on the one hand, increase the boiling point of water, making high-temperature liquid water extraction possible; on the other hand, it can suppress the violent collapse of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles, thus mitigating the damage to the components caused by the extreme high temperature and pressure they generate.

[0016] Ultrasonic field: Apply low-frequency pulsed ultrasound (frequency 18-25kHz, preferably 20kHz; power density 0.2-0.5W / cm³, preferably 0.3W / cm³). 3 It adopts a pulsed operating mode (e.g., pulse ratio 1:3, i.e., working for 1 second and stopping for 3 seconds). The pulse interval provides a time window for the dissipation of cavitation heat, which can control the local temperature rise of the system within ±5℃, realizing the synergy of "dynamic ultrasound" and "mild thermal environment".

[0017] Under these conditions, the polarity of the aqueous solvent changes under high temperature and pressure, resulting in a strong solubility for icariin. Ultrasonic cavitation and microjets powerfully disrupt plant cell walls and intensify molecular motion, causing icariin to rapidly dissolve and diffuse through the hydrophilic walls of the microcapsules into the solvent. Meanwhile, the icariin-like components are effectively trapped within the medicinal matrix or microcapsules by the solid core material barrier, resulting in an extremely low dissolution rate (controllable to <8%). After extraction for 20-30 minutes (preferably 25 minutes), the extraction rate of icariin can reach over 90%. After solid-liquid separation, a first extract rich in icariin and a first raffinate residue are obtained.

[0018] S3, rapid inter-segment cooling: This step is a crucial bridge to prevent the residual icariin from undergoing thermal degradation before entering the high-temperature chamber. The first extract residue, which is still at a high temperature (about 120°C), is passed through a rapid cooling unit (such as a double-screw conveyor with a cooling jacket) and its temperature is rapidly reduced to 10-25°C (preferably 15°C) in a very short time (30 seconds to 2 minutes, preferably 45 seconds) using a low-temperature medium (such as 15°C cold water).

[0019] The biochemical and physical significance of cooling is as follows: A sudden drop in temperature leads to adsorption reabsorption: Icariin remaining on the surface or in the shallow pores of the residue is partially re-adsorbed or precipitated onto the solid matrix due to the rapid decrease in solubility with temperature, which is equivalent to being "locked in".

[0020] Kinetic freezing: According to the Arrhenius equation, the reaction rate constant k is exponentially related to the temperature T. A sudden drop in temperature from 120℃ to 15℃ can reduce the rate constants of degradation reactions such as hydrolysis and oxidation by more than two orders of magnitude, thus "freezing" the degradation process of icariin to the greatest extent possible before it enters the high-temperature chamber.

[0021] S4, Second Stage: High-Temperature Release Extraction (for Astragalus membranaceus): The cooled residue is transferred to the second extraction chamber (high-temperature chamber). A second extraction solvent (which can be water, or a solution with a small amount of antioxidant added to inhibit oxidation) is added. The second set of environmental parameters is then activated. Temperature: Rapidly rises to 175-190℃ (e.g., 180℃). This temperature is much higher than the melting point of the phase change microcapsule core material (120℃).

[0022] Pressure: Simultaneously increased to 6-9 MPa to maintain the liquid state of water.

[0023] Ultrasonic field: Switch to medium-frequency continuous ultrasound (frequency 35-45kHz, preferably 40kHz; power density 0.5-0.8W / cm²). 3 0.6W / cm is preferred. 3). The continuous mode aims to provide continuous and strong mechanical disturbance to the melted system to enhance mass transfer.

[0024] When the temperature exceeds the melting point of the core material, the phase change material inside the microcapsule wall rapidly melts into a liquid state. The epimedium components previously blocked by the solid barrier are released and dissolved in the high-temperature water. At the same time, the polarity of the high-temperature water itself is further reduced, making it more similar to an organic solvent, and its dissolution ability for low-polarity components such as epimedium is significantly enhanced. Continuous ultrasound accelerates this dissolution and diffusion process. Since the vast majority of icariin has been removed in the previous stage, the residual amount is small (<3%), and the residence time in the high-temperature stage is relatively short (15 - 25 minutes, preferably 18 minutes), the total degradation rate can be strictly controlled at a relatively low level (such as <4.5%). Finally, the extraction rate of epimedium components can reach over 85%.

[0025] 2. New uses of temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules Based on the above principle, the present invention also discloses a completely new use of such temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules in the field of traditional Chinese medicine extraction: that is, as an intelligent response release barrier for spatio-temporal separation and selective extraction of different thermosensitive and different polarity active components in the complex system of traditional Chinese medicine. By designing the phase change temperature (Tm) of the microcapsule to be between the optimal low-temperature extraction temperature (T1) of component A and the optimal high-temperature extraction temperature (T2) of component B (T1 < Tm < T2), the solid barrier function can be used to prevent the co-extraction of component B at the low-temperature stage, and its melting characteristics can be used to promote the targeted release of component B at the high-temperature stage.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. Revolutionary improvement in selectivity: For the first time, the concept of "phase change material intelligent barrier" is introduced into traditional Chinese medicine extraction, and the active and reversible regulation of the release behavior of different components is achieved at the molecular / particle scale through physical means. The selectivity coefficient (target component extraction rate / non-target component co-extraction rate) can reach over 8.

[0027] 2. Solve the contradiction of "extraction degradation": Through "time separation" (successive extraction), "space separation" (double-chamber isolation) and "condition separation" (independent optimization of temperature, pressure and ultrasonic parameters), icariin and epimedium are extracted in their respective most suitable environments that are most unfavorable to the other, fundamentally solving the problem that cannot be兼顾 by traditional single processes.

[0028] 3. High extraction efficiency and relatively reduced energy consumption: The use of ultrasonic assistance, especially pulsed ultrasound, significantly enhances the mass transfer rate and shortens the total extraction time. The stepped temperature design avoids operating at the highest temperature all the time, and the rapid cooling unit recovers part of the sensible heat, and the overall energy efficiency of the system is better than long-time high-temperature decoction.

[0029] 4. Stable and controllable product quality: The introduction of the online monitoring and feedback control system enables digital and refined monitoring of the production process, ensuring the stability of the extraction rate and degradation rate of each batch of products, which is in line with the development direction of intelligent manufacturing of traditional Chinese medicine.

[0030] 5. High versatility of the process: The core concept of "temperature control barrier + gradient coupling extraction" can be extended to the extraction and separation of other Chinese medicinal materials or natural products containing various heat-sensitive and polar active ingredients, such as ginseng (saponins Rb1 and Rg1) and tea (catechins and caffeine), which has broad application prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the described embodiments are intended only to facilitate understanding of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0032] Example 1: Preparation of temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules This embodiment provides a method for preparing sodium alginate-chitosan-lauric acid microcapsules for use in the present invention.

[0033] 1. Oil phase preparation: 100g of lauric acid (industrial grade) and 5g of nano silica (used to adjust the phase transition temperature to about 120℃ and prevent overcooling) are melted and mixed evenly in a 75℃ water bath.

[0034] 2. Preparation of aqueous phase I: Dissolve 4g of sodium alginate (food grade) in 200mL of deionized water and stir until completely dissolved.

[0035] 3. Emulsification: Under the stirring of a high-speed shear machine (10000rpm), the molten oil phase is slowly added dropwise to the aqueous phase I, and shear emulsification is continued for 10 minutes to form a stable O / W type primary emulsion.

[0036] 4. Preparation of aqueous phase II: Dissolve 2g of chitosan (degree of deacetylation ≥90%) in 200mL of 1% acetic acid solution.

[0037] 5. Ionic Crosslinking and Curing: Transfer the primary emulsion to a 500 mL beaker and slowly add aqueous phase II dropwise while gently stirring. Sodium alginate undergoes ionic crosslinking and electrostatic complexation with calcium ions (optionally from calcium chloride solution) and chitosan molecules, forming a composite gel wall around the oil droplets. After the addition is complete, continue the reaction for 2 hours.

[0038] 6. Post-processing: After the reaction is complete, the microcapsules are collected by vacuum filtration, washed three times with deionized water, and then dried in a freeze dryer for 24 hours to obtain white powdery temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules.

[0039] 7. Performance Characterization: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determined the phase transition temperature of the microcapsules to be 119.5℃ (peak), with an encapsulation efficiency of 92.1%. Laser particle size analysis showed a particle size distribution of 20-80 μm and a D50 of 45 μm. The yield of the microcapsules was 87.5%.

[0040] Example 2: Spatiotemporal selective extraction of active ingredients from Epimedium This embodiment uses the microcapsules prepared in Example 1 for extraction.

[0041] 1. Raw material pretreatment: Take 2 kg of dried Epimedium leaves, pulverize them using a pulverizer and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve. Weigh 1 kg of Epimedium powder (dry weight) and dry mix it with 300 g of temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules in a mixer for 5 minutes. Then, spray 400 mL of deionized water, transfer it to a humidification chamber, and humidify it at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain the pretreated mixture.

[0042] 2. System Preparation: Check the airtightness of the first extraction vessel, the second extraction vessel, and the connecting pipes. Set the temperature of the first extraction vessel to 120℃ and the pressure to 6MPa. Set the temperature of the second extraction vessel to 180℃ and the pressure to 8MPa. Turn on the cooling unit and set the temperature of the cooling medium (ethylene glycol aqueous solution) to 5℃. The online HPLC system is now ready, with a detection wavelength of 270nm.

[0043] 3. Low-temperature selective extraction: Add all pretreated mixture to the first extraction tank. Add 20L of deionized water (solid-to-material ratio 1:20). Start mechanical stirring (100rpm), close the tank, and raise the temperature and pressure to the set values. After the temperature and pressure stabilize, start the low-frequency pulsed ultrasonic system (frequency 20kHz, power density 0.3W / cm³, pulse mode: 1s operation, 3s interval). Start timing and extract for 25 minutes. During this period, online HPLC samples are taken every 5 minutes to monitor the concentration changes of icariin and ascorbic acid C.

[0044] 4. Solid-Liquid Separation and Cooling: After 25 minutes, turn off the ultrasonic and heating functions, and discharge the material (slurry) from the tank through the bottom valve into the first solid-liquid separator (disc centrifuge). The first extract (approximately 19.5 L) and the first raffinate residue (approximately 1.2 kg wet weight) are obtained. The first extract is transferred to a storage tank. The hot residue is immediately received by a screw conveyor cooler and cooled to 15°C within 45 seconds, yielding cooled residue.

[0045] 5. High-temperature release extraction: Transfer all cooled residue into the second extraction tank. Add 20L of an aqueous solution containing 0.1% vitamin C (as an antioxidant). Close the tank and increase the temperature and pressure to the set values. After stabilization, start the medium-frequency continuous ultrasonic system (frequency 40kHz, power density 0.6W / cm³). Start timing and extract for 18 minutes. Online monitoring is also performed during this period.

[0046] 6. Final Separation: After 18 minutes, shut down all systems and discharge the material from the second extraction tank. The material is then separated by the second solid-liquid separator to obtain the second extract (approximately 19.6 L) and the final residue. The second extract is then transferred to another storage tank.

[0047] 7. Results Analysis: The two extracts were accurately quantified by offline HPLC.

[0048] First extract: Icariin content was 4.51 mg / g (based on raw material), with an extraction rate of 91.8%; Astragaloside C content was 0.35 mg / g, with a dissolution rate of 7.2%.

[0049] The second extract contained 4.32 mg / g of icariin C (based on raw material), with an extraction rate of 86.5%; the content of icariin was 0.14 mg / g, with a residue rate of 2.9%. The calculated degradation rate in this stage was 3.8%, and the total degradation rate (considering both stages) was approximately 4.2%.

[0050] Comparative Example 1: Traditional High-Temperature Water Extraction Method Take 1 kg of 60-mesh Epimedium powder, without adding microcapsules. Put it into an extraction tank, add 20 L of water, and extract at 180℃ and 8 MPa (without ultrasound) for 43 minutes (total time is similar to Example 2). Measure the results after separation.

[0051] Results: The extraction rate of icariin was 88.5%, but it was severely degraded, with a final yield of only 84.1% (degradation rate of approximately 5.0%); the extraction rate of icariin C was 82.0%. Selectivity was poor, and the degradation of icariin was higher than in this invention.

[0052] Comparative Example 2: Single Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Take 1 kg of the same raw material, add 20 L of water, and apply continuous ultrasound (20 kHz, 0.3 W / cm²) at 120 °C and 6 MPa. 3 Extraction time: 43 minutes.

[0053] Results: The extraction rate of icariin was 89.2%, while the extraction rate of orchidine C was only 28.7%. Although icariin was preserved, the extraction of orchidine was extremely incomplete.

[0054] Comparative Example 3: Two-step gradient extraction without microcapsules Take the same 1kg of raw material and perform the same two-step temperature and ultrasonic operation as in Example 2, but without adding temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules.

[0055] Results: In the first step (120℃), the extraction rate of icariin was 85.6%, but a large amount of icariin C was also extracted, with a dissolution rate of 45.3%, indicating a loss of selectivity. In the second step (180℃), the extraction rate of icariin C increased, but the total extraction rate was comparable to that of Example 2. However, the degradation rate of icariin in the second step was as high as 12.1%, which was unacceptable.

[0056] Summary of comparison between the examples and comparative data: This invention (Example 2) achieved high extraction rates of icariin (91.8%) and icariin C (86.5%), while successfully controlling the total degradation rate of icariin to a minimum (approximately 4.2%). In contrast, Comparative Example 1 (traditional high-temperature method) showed significant degradation; Comparative Example 2 (single low-temperature ultrasound) showed insufficient extraction of icariin; and Comparative Example 3 (gradient extraction without microcapsules) completely lost selectivity, leading to a large amount of dissolution or degradation of the target component in non-target stages. This fully demonstrates that the intelligent barrier constructed by temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules is an indispensable core element in this invention, successfully achieving "three-dimensional isolation" of the extraction environments for the two components.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. For example, the phase change material is not limited to lauric acid; any chemically inert material that undergoes a solid-liquid phase change within the desired temperature range can be considered. The wall material is not limited to the sodium alginate-chitosan system. The ultrasonic frequency and mode can be adjusted according to the specific material characteristics. The rapid cooling method can also employ vacuum flash cooling, etc. These modifications and adjustments all fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for spatiotemporal selective extraction of active ingredients from Epimedium based on a temperature-controlled phase change barrier, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Raw material pretreatment: The Epimedium powder is mixed with temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules and allowed to soak to obtain a pretreated mixture; S2. Low-temperature selective extraction: The pretreated mixture is put into the first extraction chamber, the first extraction solvent is added, and the temperature in the first extraction chamber is controlled to be lower than the melting point of the phase change material to carry out the first stage of extraction, so as to obtain a first extract rich in the first target component and a first raffinate residue; the first target component is mainly icariin. S3. High-temperature release extraction: After cooling the first extract residue, it is transported to the second extraction chamber, and the second extraction solvent is added. The temperature in the second extraction chamber is controlled to be higher than the melting point of the phase change material to carry out the second stage of extraction, and a second extract rich in the second target component is obtained. The second target component is mainly apocynidine-like component.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core material of the temperature-controlled phase change microcapsule is lauric acid, myristic acid, or a mixture thereof; the wall material is sodium alginate-chitosan complex or carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan complex; the encapsulation rate of the temperature-controlled phase change microcapsule is 90%-95%, and the particle size distribution is 10-100 μm; the core material of the temperature-controlled phase change microcapsule has a melting point of 110-130℃.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of Epimedium powder to temperature-controlled phase change microcapsules is 1:(0.2-0.5); The solvent used for the soaking process is water or a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 5.5-7.0; the soaking time is 1-3 hours.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the temperature inside the first extraction chamber is 110-130℃ and the pressure is 4-7MPa; The first extraction is performed with the assistance of low-frequency pulsed ultrasound.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In step S2, the frequency of the low-frequency pulse ultrasound is 18-25 kHz, and the power density is 0.2-0.5 W / cm². 3 The pulse working ratio is 1:2 to 1:4, and the extraction time is 20-30 minutes; The first extraction solvent is an aqueous solution of water or ethanol with a volume fraction not exceeding 30%, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the material to the solution is 1:15 to 1:

25.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the first residue of the medicine is rapidly cooled using a spiral conveyor cooler or a fluidized bed cooler; the cooling medium is low-temperature water or cold air; the temperature of the cooled residue is 10-20℃, and the cooling time is 0.5-2 minutes.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the temperature inside the second extraction chamber is 175-190℃ and the pressure is 6-9MPa; The first extraction is performed with the assistance of medium-frequency or high-frequency continuous ultrasound.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The continuous ultrasound has a frequency of 35-45 kHz and a power density of 0.5-0.8 W / cm². 3 The extraction time is 15-25 minutes; The second extraction solvent is water, an aqueous ethanol solution, or an aqueous solution containing 0.1%-0.5% antioxidant, with a material-to-liquid mass-to-volume ratio of 1:15 to 1:

25.

9. The use of a temperature-controlled phase change microcapsule, characterized in that, This method is used to construct a reversible physical release barrier during the extraction of multiple components from traditional Chinese medicine, so as to achieve the separation and extraction of different target components in time and space; wherein, the opening and closing of the barrier is regulated by controlling the extraction temperature to be lower or higher than the melting point of the microcapsule core material.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that, The herbal ingredients include epimedin and citric acid from Epimedium; the core material of the temperature-controlled phase change microcapsule is selected from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or mixtures thereof; the wall material is selected from alginate-chitosan complex or carboxymethyl cellulose-chitosan complex. The extraction of multiple components from traditional Chinese medicine includes saponins Rb1 and Rg1 from ginseng, and catechins and caffeine from tea.