A device and method for testing the expansion performance of a gold mine filling body
By designing a testing device for the expansion performance of gold mine backfill, the problems of low accuracy and low efficiency in traditional testing have been solved. This device enables high-precision, automated expansion performance testing under multiple pressure conditions, and is suitable for multi-data analysis and mining engineering applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611142321.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-07-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-25
AI Technical Summary
Traditional methods for testing the expansion performance of filling bodies have low accuracy, cannot simulate complex stress environments, are complicated to operate and inefficient, and are difficult to meet the high requirements of deep mining.
A test device for the expansion performance of gold mine backfill bodies was designed, including a support frame, a drive motor, a transmission mechanism, a sample bearing mechanism, a pressure application mechanism, a test triggering mechanism, a pressure monitoring mechanism, and a displacement monitoring mechanism, to achieve high-precision measurement and simulation of multiple pressure conditions, automated operation, and real-time data recording.
It achieves high-precision expansion performance testing, reduces human error, improves testing efficiency, is suitable for multi-group data analysis, is energy-saving and low-cost, and is widely applicable to mining engineering.
Smart Images
Figure CN122631843A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular relates to a device and method for testing the expansion performance of gold mine backfill bodies. Background Technology
[0002] In gold mining, backfill materials are typically used to fill goaf areas to prevent surface subsidence, control ground pressure, reduce ore dilution, and improve the overall safety of the mine. The expansion performance of backfill materials is a crucial technical indicator that directly affects the stability, safety, and mining efficiency of the mine structure.
[0003] However, the filling material expands or contracts during the curing process. The quality of the expansion performance of the filling material directly determines the compactness, load-bearing capacity, and support effect on the surrounding rock. Therefore, accurately measuring the expansion performance of the filling material is of great guiding significance for the design, construction, and subsequent maintenance of mining engineering projects.
[0004] Traditional methods for testing the expansion performance of filling materials mainly rely on manual operation, and the corresponding testing devices also have many limitations, specifically: ① Low testing accuracy, unable to accurately simulate the complex stress environment under actual mining conditions, resulting in significant deviations between test results and actual working conditions; ② Usually only tests under a single pressure condition can be performed, failing to comprehensively reflect the expansion behavior of filling materials under different pressure conditions; ③ Complex operation, data recording relies on manual methods, prone to errors, and low testing efficiency, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale mining projects; ④ The testing level is still in a relatively rudimentary stage, with significant technological gaps in multi-pressure condition simulation, automated data recording, and real-time monitoring.
[0005] As mining depth increases and the mining environment becomes more complex, the performance requirements for backfill materials are also increasing. Especially in deep mining, backfill materials need to withstand higher ground pressure and more complex geological conditions. Therefore, the testing requirements for their expansion performance are also more stringent, and traditional testing methods for the expansion performance of backfill materials can no longer meet the actual needs. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a testing device and method for the expansion performance of gold mine backfill bodies. It can achieve high-precision measurement and simulation of multiple pressure conditions, realize automated operation and efficient testing, record test data in real time and intuitively, meet the needs of multi-set data comparison and comprehensive analysis, and has the characteristics of energy saving and low operating cost. It has wide applicability and engineering application value.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device, comprising a support frame, a drive motor, a transmission mechanism, a sample carrying mechanism, a pressure application mechanism, a test triggering mechanism, a pressure monitoring mechanism, and a displacement monitoring mechanism; the drive motor is vertically fixed to the bottom of the support frame with its motor shaft facing upward; the transmission mechanism is disposed between the motor shaft of the drive motor and the support frame; the sample carrying mechanism is located above the drive motor and disposed on the transmission mechanism; the pressure application mechanism is located above the sample carrying mechanism and disposed on the transmission mechanism; the test triggering mechanism is disposed between the pressure application mechanism and the support frame; the pressure monitoring mechanism is disposed on the sample carrying mechanism; and the displacement monitoring mechanism is disposed between the test triggering mechanism and the transmission mechanism.
[0008] The transmission mechanism includes a main drive shaft, a transmission gearbox, an intermediate drive shaft, a driving pulley, a synchronous belt, a driven pulley, and a secondary drive shaft. The transmission gearbox is fixedly suspended on the top of the support frame, with its power input shaft facing vertically downwards and its power output shaft horizontally distributed. The main drive shaft is vertically positioned, with its lower end coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the drive motor and its upper end coaxially fixed to the power input shaft of the transmission gearbox. The intermediate drive shaft is horizontally positioned, with one end coaxially fixed to the power output shaft of the transmission gearbox, and its middle and other ends rotatably connected to the support frame via bearings. The secondary drive shaft is horizontally positioned and located directly below the intermediate drive shaft, and is parallel to the intermediate drive shaft. The driving pulley is coaxially fixed to the intermediate drive shaft. The driven pulley is coaxially fixed to the secondary drive shaft. The synchronous belt connects the driving pulley and the driven pulley.
[0009] The sample carrying mechanism includes a sample carrying frame and a sample carrying cylinder; the sample carrying frame is coaxially fixed on the main drive shaft; the number of sample carrying cylinders is at least two and they are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the sample carrying cylinders are vertically installed on the sample carrying frame.
[0010] The pressure application mechanism includes a pressure application disc, a pressure application rod, a pressure application wheel, and a pressure application pad. The pressure application disc is coaxially fixed on an intermediate drive shaft. Several pressure application holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the pressure application disc, with the central axis of each hole passing through the center of the disc. A pressure application rod is inserted into each hole. A force-applying spring is connected between the inner end of the pressure application rod and the bottom of the hole, and all the force-applying springs along the circumference of the pressure application disc have different elastic parameters. The pressure application wheel is located at the outer end of the pressure application rod. The pressure application pad is fitted inside the sample support cylinder, and the pad is in contact with the pressure application wheel.
[0011] The test triggering mechanism includes a test trigger seat, a test trigger rod, a trigger start switch, a trigger stop switch, a trigger active lever, and a trigger passive lever. The trigger active lever is vertically fixedly connected to the pressure application rod. The test trigger seat is vertically fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame. The lower part of the test trigger rod is vertically inserted into the test trigger seat, and the test trigger rod has vertical lifting freedom. The trigger start switch is fixedly installed on the support frame above the test trigger seat. The trigger stop switch is located directly above the trigger start switch and is fixedly installed on the support frame. Both the trigger start switch and the trigger stop switch are located within the lifting path range of the top end of the test trigger rod. The trigger passive lever is vertically fixedly connected to the test trigger rod, and the rod head of the trigger passive lever and the rod head of the cooperating trigger active lever are staggered in the vertical direction, with the trigger passive lever located above the trigger active lever.
[0012] The pressure monitoring mechanism includes a pressure sensor and a data processing recorder; the pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the cylinder of the sample support tube; the data processing recorder is fixedly installed on the sample support frame and is electrically connected to the pressure sensor.
[0013] The displacement monitoring mechanism includes an air pump, an air valve, an air guide tube, an air cylinder, a lifting plunger rod, a return spring, a recording pen, a recording strip, and a recording disk; the air pump is fixedly installed on the test trigger seat, and the air pump is electrically connected to the trigger start switch and the trigger stop switch. The air valve is embedded inside the test trigger seat and located below the bottom end of the test trigger rod. The bottom end of the test trigger rod is in contact with the valve core of the air valve. The outlet end of the air pump is connected to the inlet end of the air valve, and the outlet end of the air valve is connected to the inlet end of the air guide pipe. The air cylinder is vertically fixed to the bottom of the support frame. The lifting plunger rod is vertically inserted into the air cylinder. The return spring is located between the bottom end of the lifting plunger rod and the bottom surface of the air chamber inside the air cylinder. The outlet of the air guide pipe is connected to the air chamber inside the air cylinder. The recording disk is coaxially fixed to the auxiliary drive shaft. The recording strips are fixedly installed on the recording disk, and there are several recording strips, which are evenly distributed radially along the circumference of the recording disk. The recording pen is fixedly installed on the top end of the lifting plunger rod, and the recording pen is in sliding contact with the recording strip.
[0014] The number of recording bars is the same as the number of pressure application rods, and their positions correspond one-to-one.
[0015] The transmission ratio of the transmission gearbox needs to meet the following requirements: when the sample bearing cylinder rotates from the waiting position to the testing position, there is always a pressure application rod in a vertically downward position, and at the same time, there is always a recording strip in a vertically downward position.
[0016] A method for testing the expansion performance of gold mine backfill, using the aforementioned gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Fill the sample carrier cylinder that is in the waiting position with the filling material, and then place the pressure application pad on top of the filling material; Step 2: Start the drive motor and rotate the sample carrier cylinder containing the filling material from the waiting position to the test position, so that the vertically downward pressure application rod and the pressure application wheel on it are directly above the pressure application pad. Step 3: Curing and solidifying the filling material. During the curing and solidification process, the expansion force of the filling material will be converted into the upward lifting force of the pressure application pad, causing the pressure application pad to rise upward. Step 4: During the upward lifting of the pressure pad, the following actions are included: ① The pressure applying wheel and pressure applying rod move upward synchronously, causing the force applying spring to compress. The spring thrust output by the compressed force applying spring will act in the opposite direction on the expanding filling material, which is used to simulate the external pressure on the filling material during the expansion process. ② The expansion force data generated by the filling material in the sample bearing cylinder is monitored synchronously by a pressure sensor, and the expansion force data is processed and recorded in real time by a data processing recorder. ③ The active trigger lever moves upward synchronously with the pressure application lever. The active trigger lever drives the passive trigger lever and the test trigger lever to move upward synchronously. The top of the test trigger lever triggers the trigger start switch. The bottom of the test trigger lever releases the pressure on the valve core, and the valve core automatically pops up to open the valve. ④ After the start switch is triggered, the air pump starts and external air is sequentially filled into the air chamber in the air cylinder through the open air valve and air pipe. This drives the lifting plunger rod to rise and stretches the return spring. The stretched return spring accumulates the spring tension. ⑤ The recording pen moves upward synchronously with the lifting plunger rod, and the recording pen draws a mark line on the vertically downward recording strip to record the lifting height; Step 5: When the top of the test trigger rod moves to the height position of the trigger stop switch, the trigger stop switch is triggered, the air pump is turned off and stops inflating, the lifting plunger rod falls back to its original position under the spring tension of the return spring, and the recording pen returns to its original position synchronously with the lifting plunger rod. Step Six: Repeat steps one through five to complete multiple sets of parallel tests; during the start-up of the drive motor, the sample carrier cylinder containing the filling material will simultaneously leave the test position and return to the waiting position, the active trigger lever will simultaneously disengage from the passive trigger lever, the test trigger lever will automatically fall back to reset under the action of gravity, and the bottom end of the test trigger lever will resume pressing down on the valve core, so that the valve returns to the closed state; Step 7: Summarize the expansion force data obtained by the data processing recorder and the lifting height data obtained from the recording strip. Since each set of expansion force data is generated under the pressure output by the force-applying spring with different elastic parameters, and since the upward movement distance of the test trigger rod is the height difference between triggering the start switch and triggering the stop switch, that is, each set of expansion force data is generated under the condition that the expansion amplitude of the filling material is the same, it is only necessary to compare the lifting height data obtained from different recording strips to evaluate the expansion performance of the filling material under different pressure conditions.
[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. High-precision measurement and simulation of multiple pressure conditions: The pressure monitoring mechanism can monitor the expansion pressure changes in real time with high precision, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data. The pressure application mechanism can simulate different pressure conditions during the expansion process, ensuring that the test results are closer to the actual working conditions.
[0018] 2. Automated operation and efficient testing: Through the combination of drive motor and transmission mechanism, no manual operation is required during the testing process. The action process can be automated, and the automated operation process is more stable, reducing human interference and human operation error. The testing efficiency is also further improved, ensuring the consistency of test results.
[0019] 3. Real-time and intuitive recording of test data: By using a combination of a recording pen and a recording strip, the lifting distance data of the lifting piston rod can be intuitively displayed on the recording strip, eliminating the need for complex calculations.
[0020] 4. Multi-set data comparison and comprehensive analysis: Through the rotation and positioning of the pressure application mechanism and the displacement monitoring mechanism, multiple sets of data can be continuously acquired. By comparing multiple sets of data, the expansion performance of the filling material under different pressure conditions can be comprehensively analyzed.
[0021] 5. Energy saving and low operating cost: The test process is powered by only one drive motor, which can keep energy consumption at a low level, which is more in line with the concept of energy saving. Moreover, the entire transmission structure is simpler, which facilitates later maintenance and repair, further reducing long-term operating costs.
[0022] 6. Wide applicability and engineering application value: The testing of filling materials is not only applicable to gold mines, but can also be extended to other mines with goaf filling needs without obstacles, which has important engineering application value. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to the present invention (view 1). Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to the present invention (viewpoint 2). Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to the present invention (viewpoint 3). Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to the present invention (viewpoint four). In the diagram, 1—support frame, 2—drive motor, 3—main drive shaft, 4—transmission gearbox, 5—intermediate drive shaft, 6—drive pulley, 7—synchronous belt, 8—driven pulley, 9—secondary drive shaft, 10—sample support frame, 11—sample support cylinder, 12—pressure application disc, 13—pressure application rod, 14—pressure application wheel, 15—pressure application pad, 16—pressure application socket, 17—force application spring, 18—test trigger seat, 19—test trigger rod, 20—trigger start switch, 21—trigger stop switch, 22—trigger active lever, 23—trigger passive lever, 24—pressure sensor, 25—data processing recorder, 26—air pump, 27—air valve, 28—air guide tube, 29—air cylinder, 30—lifting plunger rod, 31—reset spring, 32—recording pen, 33—recording strip, 34—recording disc. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0025] like Figures 1-4As shown, a gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device includes a support frame 1, a drive motor 2, a transmission mechanism, a sample carrying mechanism, a pressure application mechanism, a test triggering mechanism, a pressure monitoring mechanism, and a displacement monitoring mechanism. The drive motor 2 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the support frame 1 with its motor shaft facing upwards. The transmission mechanism is located between the motor shaft of the drive motor 2 and the support frame 1. The sample carrying mechanism is located above the drive motor 2 and is mounted on the transmission mechanism. The pressure application mechanism is located above the sample carrying mechanism and is mounted on the transmission mechanism. The test triggering mechanism is located between the pressure application mechanism and the support frame 1. The pressure monitoring mechanism is mounted on the sample carrying mechanism. The displacement monitoring mechanism is located between the test triggering mechanism and the transmission mechanism.
[0026] The transmission mechanism includes a main drive shaft 3, a transmission gearbox 4, an intermediate drive shaft 5, a driving pulley 6, a synchronous belt 7, a driven pulley 8, and a secondary drive shaft 9. The transmission gearbox 4 is fixedly suspended on the top of the support frame 1, with its power input shaft facing vertically downwards and its power output shaft horizontally distributed. The main drive shaft 3 is vertically arranged, with its lower end coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the drive motor 2, and its upper end coaxially fixed to the power input shaft of the transmission gearbox 4. The intermediate drive shaft 5... The drive shaft 5 is horizontally arranged. One end of the intermediate drive shaft 5 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the power output shaft of the transmission gearbox 4. The middle part and the other end of the intermediate drive shaft 5 are rotatably connected to the support frame 1 through bearings. The auxiliary drive shaft 9 is horizontally arranged and located directly below the intermediate drive shaft 5. The auxiliary drive shaft 9 is parallel to the intermediate drive shaft 5. The driving pulley 6 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the intermediate drive shaft 5. The driven pulley 8 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the auxiliary drive shaft 9. The synchronous belt 7 drives and connects the driving pulley 6 and the driven pulley 8.
[0027] The sample carrying mechanism includes a sample carrying frame 10 and a sample carrying cylinder 11; the sample carrying frame 10 is coaxially fixed on the main drive shaft 3; the number of sample carrying cylinders 11 is at least two and they are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the sample carrying cylinders 11 are vertically installed on the sample carrying frame 10.
[0028] The pressure application mechanism includes a pressure application disk 12, a pressure application rod 13, a pressure application wheel 14, and a pressure application pad 15. The pressure application disk 12 is coaxially fixed on the intermediate transmission shaft 5. A plurality of pressure application holes 16 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the pressure application disk 12. The central axis of the pressure application holes 16 passes through the center of the pressure application disk 12. A pressure application rod 13 is inserted into each pressure application hole 16. A force spring 17 is connected between the inner end of the pressure application rod 13 and the bottom of the hole of the pressure application hole 16. All the force springs 17 in the circumferential direction of the pressure application disk 12 have different elastic parameters. The pressure application wheel 14 is disposed at the outer end of the pressure application rod 13. The pressure application pad 15 is disposed in the sample support cylinder 11 and is in contact with the pressure application wheel 14.
[0029] The test triggering mechanism includes a test trigger seat 18, a test trigger rod 19, a trigger start switch 20, a trigger stop switch 21, a trigger active lever 22, and a trigger passive lever 23; the trigger active lever 22 is vertically fixedly connected to the pressure application rod 13; the test trigger seat 18 is vertically fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame 1; the lower part of the test trigger rod 19 is vertically inserted into the test trigger seat 18, and the test trigger rod 19 has a vertical lifting freedom; the trigger start switch 20 is fixedly installed on the test trigger seat 18. The upper support frame 1 is used for the trigger stop switch 21, which is located directly above the trigger start switch 20 and is fixedly installed on the support frame 1. Both the trigger start switch 20 and the trigger stop switch 21 are located within the lifting path of the top rod of the test trigger rod 19. The trigger passive lever 23 is vertically fixedly connected to the test trigger rod 19. The rod head of the trigger passive lever 23 and the rod head of the corresponding trigger active lever 22 are staggered in the vertical direction, and the trigger passive lever 23 is located above the trigger active lever 22.
[0030] The pressure monitoring mechanism includes a pressure sensor 24 and a data processing recorder 25; the pressure sensor 24 is fixedly installed on the cylinder of the sample support cylinder 11; the data processing recorder 25 is fixedly installed on the sample support frame 10, and the data processing recorder 25 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 24.
[0031] The displacement monitoring mechanism includes an air pump 26, an air valve 27, an air guide pipe 28, an air cylinder 29, a lifting plunger rod 30, a return spring 31, a recording pen 32, a recording strip 33, and a recording disk 34. The air pump 26 is fixedly installed on the test trigger seat 18 and is electrically connected to the trigger start switch 20 and the trigger stop switch 21. The air valve 27 is embedded inside the test trigger seat 18 and located below the bottom end of the test trigger rod 19. The bottom end of the test trigger rod 19 is in contact with the valve core of the air valve 27. The air outlet of the air pump 26 is connected to the inlet of the air valve 27, and the air outlet of the air valve 27 is connected to the inlet of the air guide pipe 28. The air cylinder 29 is vertically fixed to the bottom of the support frame 1. The lifting plunger rod 30 is vertically inserted into the air cylinder 29. The return spring 31 is located on the lifting plunger rod 30. The bottom end of the 0 is between the bottom surface of the air chamber inside the air cylinder 29; the air outlet of the air guide pipe 28 is connected to the air chamber inside the air cylinder 29; the recording disk 34 is coaxially fixed on the auxiliary drive shaft 9; the recording strip 33 is fixedly installed on the recording disk 34, and the number of recording strips 33 is several, and the several recording strips 33 are evenly distributed radially along the circumference of the recording disk 34; the recording pen 32 is fixedly installed on the top end of the lifting plunger rod 30, and the recording pen 32 slides in contact with the recording strip 33.
[0032] The number of recording strips 33 is the same as the number of pressure application rods 13, and their positions correspond one-to-one.
[0033] The transmission ratio of the transmission gearbox 4 needs to meet the following requirements: when the sample bearing cylinder 11 rotates from the waiting position to the test position, there is always a pressure application rod 13 in a vertically downward position, and at the same time, there is always a recording strip 33 in a vertically downward position.
[0034] In this embodiment, there are two sample carrier cylinders 11, with a phase angle difference of 180° between the two sample carrier cylinders 11; there are eight pressure application rods 13, with an included angle of 45° between adjacent pressure application rods 13; there are eight recording strips 33, with an included angle of 45° between adjacent recording strips 33; when the sample carrier cylinder 11 moves from the waiting position to the test position after rotating 180° from the waiting position, the pressure application disk 12 and the recording disk 34 rotate synchronously by 45° through the transmission gearbox 4, that is: for every 180° rotation of the sample carrier frame 10, the pressure application disk 12 rotates synchronously by 45° and moves one of the pressure application rods 13 to a vertically downward position, and the recording disk 34 rotates synchronously by 45° and moves one of the recording strips 33 to a vertically downward position.
[0035] A method for testing the expansion performance of gold mine backfill, using the aforementioned gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Fill the filling material into the sample carrier 11 which is in the waiting position, and then place the pressure application pad 15 on top of the filling material. Step 2: Start the drive motor 2 and rotate the sample carrier cylinder 11 containing the filling material from the waiting position to the test position, so that the vertically downward pressure application rod 13 and the pressure application wheel 14 on it are directly above the pressure application pad 15; Step 3: Curing and solidifying the filling material. During the curing and solidification process, the expansion force of the filling material will be converted into the upward lifting force of the pressure application pad 15, which will cause the pressure application pad 15 to rise upward. Step 4: During the upward lifting of the pressure pad 15, the following actions are included: ① The pressure applying wheel 14 and the pressure applying rod 13 move upward synchronously, causing the force applying spring 17 to compress. The spring thrust output by the compressed force applying spring 17 will act in the opposite direction on the expanding filling material to simulate the external pressure on the filling material during the expansion process. ② The expansion force data generated by the filling material in the sample support cylinder 11 is monitored synchronously by the pressure sensor 24, and the expansion force data is processed and recorded in real time by the data processing recorder 25. ③ The active trigger lever 22 moves upward synchronously with the pressure application lever 13. The active trigger lever 22 drives the passive trigger lever 23 and the test trigger lever 19 to move upward synchronously. The top of the test trigger lever 19 triggers the trigger start switch 20. The bottom of the test trigger lever 19 releases the pressure on the valve core of the air valve 27, and the valve core of the air valve 27 automatically pops up to open the valve. ④ After the trigger start switch 20 is triggered, the air pump 26 starts and fills the air chamber in the air cylinder 29 with external air through the open air valve 27 and air pipe 28 in sequence, driving the lifting plunger rod 30 to rise and causing the return spring 31 to stretch. The stretched return spring 31 realizes the accumulation of spring tension. ⑤ The recording pen 32 moves upward synchronously with the lifting plunger rod 30, and the recording pen 32 draws a mark line on the vertically downward recording strip 33 to record the lifting height; Step 5: When the top of the test trigger rod 19 moves to the height position of the trigger stop switch 21, the trigger stop switch 21 is triggered, the air pump 26 is turned off and stops inflating, the lifting plunger rod 30 falls back to its original position under the spring tension of the return spring 31, and the recording pen 32 returns to its original position synchronously with the lifting plunger rod 30. Step Six: Repeat steps one to five to complete multiple sets of parallel tests; during the start-up of drive motor 2, the sample carrier cylinder 11 containing the filling material will synchronously leave the test position and return to the waiting position, the trigger active lever 22 will synchronously disengage from the trigger passive lever 23, the test trigger rod 19 will automatically fall back to reset under the action of gravity, and the bottom end of the test trigger rod 19 will resume pressing down on the valve core of the air valve 27, so that the air valve 27 returns to the closed state; Step 7: Summarize the expansion force data acquired by the data processing recorder 25 and the lifting height data acquired by the recording strip 33. Since each set of expansion force data is generated under the pressure output by the force-applying spring 17 with different elastic parameters, and since the upward movement distance of the test trigger rod 19 is the height difference between the trigger start switch 20 and the trigger stop switch 21, that is, each set of expansion force data is generated under the condition that the expansion amplitude of the filling material is the same, it is only necessary to compare the lifting height data acquired by different recording strips 33 to evaluate the expansion performance of the filling material under different pressure conditions.
[0036] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for testing the expansion performance of gold mine backfill, characterized in that: The device includes a support frame, a drive motor, a transmission mechanism, a sample carrying mechanism, a pressure application mechanism, a test triggering mechanism, a pressure monitoring mechanism, and a displacement monitoring mechanism. The drive motor is vertically fixed to the bottom of the support frame with its motor shaft facing upwards. The transmission mechanism is located between the motor shaft of the drive motor and the support frame. The sample carrying mechanism is located above the drive motor and mounted on the transmission mechanism. The pressure application mechanism is located above the sample carrying mechanism and mounted on the transmission mechanism. The test triggering mechanism is located between the pressure application mechanism and the support frame. The pressure monitoring mechanism is mounted on the sample carrying mechanism. The displacement monitoring mechanism is located between the test triggering mechanism and the transmission mechanism.
2. The gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism includes a main drive shaft, a transmission gearbox, an intermediate drive shaft, a driving pulley, a synchronous belt, a driven pulley, and a secondary drive shaft. The transmission gearbox is fixedly suspended on the top of the support frame, with its power input shaft facing vertically downwards and its power output shaft horizontally distributed. The main drive shaft is vertically positioned, with its lower end coaxially fixed to the motor shaft of the drive motor and its upper end coaxially fixed to the power input shaft of the transmission gearbox. The intermediate drive shaft is horizontally positioned, with one end coaxially fixed to the power output shaft of the transmission gearbox, and its middle and other ends rotatably connected to the support frame via bearings. The secondary drive shaft is horizontally positioned and located directly below the intermediate drive shaft, and is parallel to the intermediate drive shaft. The driving pulley is coaxially fixed to the intermediate drive shaft. The driven pulley is coaxially fixed to the secondary drive shaft. The synchronous belt connects the driving pulley and the driven pulley.
3. The gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sample carrying mechanism includes a sample carrying frame and a sample carrying cylinder; the sample carrying frame is coaxially fixed on the main drive shaft; the number of sample carrying cylinders is at least two and they are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the sample carrying cylinders are vertically installed on the sample carrying frame.
4. The gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure application mechanism includes a pressure application disc, a pressure application rod, a pressure application wheel, and a pressure application pad. The pressure application disc is coaxially fixed on an intermediate drive shaft. Several pressure application holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the pressure application disc, with the central axis of each hole passing through the center of the disc. A pressure application rod is inserted into each hole. A force-applying spring is connected between the inner end of the pressure application rod and the bottom of the hole, and all the force-applying springs along the circumference of the pressure application disc have different elastic parameters. The pressure application wheel is located at the outer end of the pressure application rod. The pressure application pad is fitted inside the sample support cylinder, and the pad is in contact with the pressure application wheel.
5. The gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The test triggering mechanism includes a test trigger seat, a test trigger rod, a trigger start switch, a trigger stop switch, a trigger active lever, and a trigger passive lever. The trigger active lever is vertically fixedly connected to the pressure application rod. The test trigger seat is vertically fixedly installed at the bottom of the support frame. The lower part of the test trigger rod is vertically inserted into the test trigger seat, and the test trigger rod has vertical lifting freedom. The trigger start switch is fixedly installed on the support frame above the test trigger seat. The trigger stop switch is located directly above the trigger start switch and is fixedly installed on the support frame. Both the trigger start switch and the trigger stop switch are located within the lifting path range of the top end of the test trigger rod. The trigger passive lever is vertically fixedly connected to the test trigger rod, and the rod head of the trigger passive lever and the rod head of the cooperating trigger active lever are staggered in the vertical direction, with the trigger passive lever located above the trigger active lever.
6. The gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The pressure monitoring mechanism includes a pressure sensor and a data processing recorder; the pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the cylinder of the sample support tube; the data processing recorder is fixedly installed on the sample support frame, and the data processing recorder is electrically connected to the pressure sensor.
7. The gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The displacement monitoring mechanism includes an air pump, an air valve, an air guide tube, an air cylinder, a lifting plunger rod, a return spring, a recording pen, a recording strip, and a recording disk. The air pump is fixedly mounted on the test trigger seat and is electrically connected to a trigger start switch and a trigger stop switch. The air valve is embedded inside the test trigger seat and located below the bottom end of the test trigger rod, with the bottom end of the test trigger rod contacting the valve core of the air valve. The air outlet of the air pump is connected to the inlet of the air valve, and the air outlet of the air valve is connected to the inlet of the air guide tube. The air cylinder is vertical. The system is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the support frame; the lifting plunger rod is vertically inserted into the air cylinder; the return spring is located between the bottom end of the lifting plunger rod and the bottom surface of the air chamber inside the air cylinder; the air outlet of the air guide pipe is connected to the air chamber inside the air cylinder; the recording disk is coaxially fixedly mounted on the auxiliary drive shaft; the recording strips are fixedly mounted on the recording disk, and the number of recording strips is evenly distributed radially along the circumference of the recording disk; the recording pen is fixedly mounted on the top end of the lifting plunger rod, and the recording pen slides in contact with the recording strips.
8. The gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The number of recording bars is the same as the number of pressure application rods, and their positions correspond one-to-one.
9. The gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transmission ratio of the transmission gearbox needs to meet the following requirements: when the sample carrier cylinder rotates from the waiting position to the test position, there is always a pressure application rod in a vertically downward position, and at the same time, there is always a recording strip in a vertically downward position.
10. A method for testing the expansion performance of gold mine backfill, comprising the gold mine backfill expansion performance testing device as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The steps include the following: Step 1: Fill the sample carrier cylinder that is in the waiting position with the filling material, and then place the pressure application pad on top of the filling material; Step 2: Start the drive motor and rotate the sample carrier cylinder containing the filling material from the waiting position to the test position, so that the vertically downward pressure application rod and the pressure application wheel on it are directly above the pressure application pad. Step 3: Curing and solidifying the filling material. During the curing and solidification process, the expansion force of the filling material will be converted into the upward lifting force of the pressure application pad, causing the pressure application pad to rise upward. Step 4: During the upward lifting of the pressure pad, the following actions are included: ① The pressure applying wheel and pressure applying rod move upward synchronously, causing the force applying spring to compress. The spring thrust output by the compressed force applying spring will act in the opposite direction on the expanding filling material, which is used to simulate the external pressure on the filling material during the expansion process. ② The expansion force data generated by the filling material in the sample bearing cylinder is monitored synchronously by a pressure sensor, and the expansion force data is processed and recorded in real time by a data processing recorder. ③ The active trigger lever moves upward synchronously with the pressure application lever. The active trigger lever drives the passive trigger lever and the test trigger lever to move upward synchronously. The top of the test trigger lever triggers the trigger start switch. The bottom of the test trigger lever releases the pressure on the valve core, and the valve core automatically pops up to open the valve. ④ After the start switch is triggered, the air pump starts and external air is sequentially filled into the air chamber in the air cylinder through the open air valve and air pipe. This drives the lifting plunger rod to rise and stretches the return spring. The stretched return spring accumulates the spring tension. ⑤ The recording pen moves upward synchronously with the lifting plunger rod, and the recording pen draws a mark line on the vertically downward recording strip to record the lifting height; Step 5: When the top of the test trigger rod moves to the height position of the trigger stop switch, the trigger stop switch is triggered, the air pump is turned off and stops inflating, the lifting plunger rod falls back to its original position under the spring tension of the return spring, and the recording pen returns to its original position synchronously with the lifting plunger rod. Step Six: Repeat steps one through five to complete multiple sets of parallel tests; during the start-up of the drive motor, the sample carrier cylinder containing the filling material will simultaneously leave the test position and return to the waiting position, the active trigger lever will simultaneously disengage from the passive trigger lever, the test trigger lever will automatically fall back to reset under the action of gravity, and the bottom end of the test trigger lever will resume pressing down on the valve core, so that the valve returns to the closed state; Step 7: Summarize the expansion force data obtained by the data processing recorder and the lifting height data obtained from the recording strip. Since each set of expansion force data is generated under the pressure output by the force-applying spring with different elastic parameters, and since the upward movement distance of the test trigger rod is the height difference between triggering the start switch and triggering the stop switch, that is, each set of expansion force data is generated under the condition that the expansion amplitude of the filling material is the same, it is only necessary to compare the lifting height data obtained from different recording strips to evaluate the expansion performance of the filling material under different pressure conditions.