Solar energy driven cold, heat, electricity and hydrogen combined supply system and method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of energy system, and relates to a solar-driven cold, heat, electricity and hydrogen combined supply system and method, aiming to solve the problems of high dependence on fossil energy, low energy efficiency and large carbon emission. The present application comprises: a photovoltaic power generation device; a methane staged reforming system for cracking methane to generate solid carbon and hydrogen, and for disulfurizing the solid carbon and carbon dioxide to generate carbon monoxide; an electrolytic device electrically connected with the photovoltaic power generation device for electrolyzing water to generate oxygen; an internal combustion engine with a carbon monoxide outlet connected with a fuel inlet and an oxygen inlet connected with an oxygen outlet of the electrolytic device; an absorption heat pump connected with a flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine; an air source heat pump electrically connected with the internal combustion engine and / or the photovoltaic power generation device; and the flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine is further connected with a carbon dioxide inlet of the reforming system for recycling the carbon dioxide generated by pure oxygen combustion. The present application can realize efficient conversion of solar energy, zero energy consumption gas separation, near zero carbon emission and cold, heat, electricity and hydrogen combined supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy system technology, and specifically relates to a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity and hydrogen supply system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand, the excessive consumption of fossil fuels is exacerbating the energy crisis and environmental problems, driving the energy system to shift towards a model that complements renewable and fossil fuel utilization. Cities, as major global energy consumption centers, are key areas for addressing climate change and implementing low-carbon development strategies. Therefore, exploring and developing efficient, low-carbon, and economically feasible energy supply methods suitable for urban buildings, especially public buildings, has become a current research focus in the energy field.

[0003] Currently, natural gas-based distributed energy systems, due to their flexibility, efficiency, and proximity to load centers, are gradually becoming an important solution for meeting the diverse energy needs of urban buildings and industrial production. Compared to traditional independent centralized energy supply systems, they have certain advantages in energy utilization efficiency and emission reduction. However, as the proportion of renewable energy in the energy structure gradually increases, its inherent intermittency and volatility make the operation and scheduling of distributed energy systems more complex, facing problems such as difficulty in matching supply and demand and limited scheduling flexibility. In addition, existing distributed energy systems often suffer from low energy utilization efficiency, high carbon emission intensity, and high operating costs when simultaneously meeting cooling, heating, and electricity loads, making it difficult to achieve energy, environmental, and economic benefits in a coordinated manner.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, some existing technologies have attempted to introduce renewable energy sources such as solar energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, existing solutions still have the following shortcomings: First, the integration of solar energy conversion and fuel conversion systems is not high, failing to achieve energy cascade utilization; second, the mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide generated during methane reforming requires energy-intensive separation processes; third, the carbon dioxide generated by the system lacks effective means of recovery and recycling, resulting in high investment and operating costs for carbon capture equipment; and fourth, the economic viability of the system depends on subsidies or policy support, lacking inherent commercial feasibility.

[0005] Therefore, how to construct an energy system that can stably and flexibly meet the diverse load demands of public buildings for cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen, while taking into account low carbon emissions, high energy efficiency, and economy, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, namely high dependence on fossil fuels, low energy efficiency, and large carbon emissions, this invention provides a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply system and method.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention proposes a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply system, comprising:

[0008] Photovoltaic power generation devices are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; A staged reforming system for methane is used to crack methane to produce solid carbon and hydrogen, and to cause the solid carbon to undergo a disproportionation reaction with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The staged reforming system for methane has a carbon dioxide inlet and a carbon monoxide outlet. An electrolysis device, electrically connected to the photovoltaic power generation device, is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and the electrolysis device has an oxygen outlet; An internal combustion engine has a fuel inlet, an oxygen inlet, and a flue gas outlet. The fuel inlet is connected to the carbon monoxide outlet of the methane staged reforming system, and the oxygen inlet is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis unit. An absorption heat pump is connected to the exhaust outlet of the internal combustion engine; An air-source heat pump is electrically connected to the internal combustion engine and / or the photovoltaic power generation device; The exhaust outlet of the internal combustion engine is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet of the methane staged reforming system, which is used to transport the carbon dioxide generated by the pure oxygen combustion of the internal combustion engine to the methane staged reforming system.

[0009] Furthermore, the methane staged reforming system includes a cracking reactor, a carbon removal reactor, and a parabolic dish solar concentrator. The cracking reactor is used to crack methane to produce solid carbon and hydrogen. The carbon removal reactor is used to react the solid carbon with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The parabolic dish solar concentrator is used to provide thermal energy for the cracking reactor and the carbon removal reactor.

[0010] Furthermore, the methane staged reforming system also includes a combustion supplement module, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, and a fourth heat exchanger; The first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger are sequentially arranged between the hydrogen product outlet of the cracking reactor and the methane feed pipeline. The second heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger are sequentially arranged between the carbon monoxide product outlet and the carbon dioxide feed pipeline of the carbon elimination reactor; The afterburning module is located inside the methane staged reforming system and is connected to the methane fuel source. It is used to burn methane to provide heat energy to the cracking reactor and / or the decarbonization reactor when solar radiation is below a preset threshold.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a carbon monoxide storage tank, the inlet of which is connected to the carbon monoxide outlet of the methane staged reforming system, and its outlet is connected to the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine; the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine is also connected to the hydrogen outlet of the methane staged reforming system.

[0012] Furthermore, the oxygen inlet of the internal combustion engine is also connected to an oxygen storage tank; the inlet of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis device; the internal combustion engine is configured to switch to air combustion when the oxygen supply is insufficient.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a solar-driven method for combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen power generation, for use in a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen power generation system, comprising: Solar energy is converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic power generation devices, and solar energy is concentrated into thermal energy using parabolic dish solar concentrators to drive a methane staged reforming system. In the methane staged reforming system, methane is cracked to produce solid carbon and hydrogen, and the solid carbon undergoes a disproportionation reaction with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is fed to an internal combustion engine for pure oxygen combustion to generate electricity; Absorption heat pumps are used to recover waste heat from internal combustion engine exhaust to meet heat load and / or cooling load, and air source heat pumps are used to supplement cooling or heating. The surplus electricity from the photovoltaic power generation device is used to drive an electrolysis device to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is supplied to the internal combustion engine for the combustion of carbon monoxide in pure oxygen; The carbon dioxide produced by the pure oxygen combustion of the internal combustion engine is recovered and transported to the methane staged reforming system as the feedstock for the disproportionation reaction.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis device does not enter the internal combustion engine as fuel; a portion of the hydrogen produced by the methane staged reforming system enters the internal combustion engine for combustion, and the remainder is output as a product.

[0015] Furthermore, when the internal combustion engine is not running, the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power generation device prioritizes meeting the electrical load, and the surplus electricity drives the air source heat pump. If there is still surplus, it drives the electrolysis device to electrolyze water. The electrical energy exceeding the rated power of the electrolysis device is output to the grid, and the oxygen produced by electrolysis is stored in an oxygen storage tank. When the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power generation device cannot meet the electrical load, it obtains electrical energy from the grid.

[0016] Furthermore, when the internal combustion engine is running, the waste heat from the exhaust gas meets the heat load and drives the absorption heat pump. The gap between the cooling and heating loads is supplemented by the air source heat pump. The surplus electricity from the internal combustion engine is output to the power grid, and the surplus electricity from the photovoltaic power generation device drives the electrolysis device. When the internal combustion engine is fully loaded and the combined photovoltaic power generation device still cannot meet the electrical load, it obtains electrical energy from the power grid. The absorption heat pump and the air source heat pump work together to meet the cooling and heating loads, and the electrolysis device is shut down.

[0017] Furthermore, the fuel scheduling priority of the internal combustion engine is as follows: priority is given to burning the carbon monoxide produced by the methane staged reforming system this time; if the carbon monoxide is insufficient, the hydrogen produced this time is burned; if it is still insufficient, the carbon monoxide stored in the carbon monoxide storage tank is used. The oxygen supply priority of the internal combustion engine is as follows: it prioritizes the use of oxygen generated by the electrolysis device in this electrolysis, and uses the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage tank when the oxygen storage tank is insufficient. When the oxygen storage tank is below the threshold and the electrolysis device is not running, it switches to air combustion mode.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: In the system of this invention, the methane staged reforming system has a carbon dioxide inlet and a carbon monoxide outlet. The fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine is connected to the carbon monoxide outlet, and the flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine is also connected to the carbon dioxide inlet of the methane staged reforming system. Through the above connections, the CO generated by the disproportionation reaction enters the internal combustion engine as fuel for pure oxygen combustion. The CO2 generated by combustion is recovered and recycled as a feedstock for the disproportionation reaction, forming a closed-loop carbon cycle of "CO→CO2→CO". This cycle allows the CO2 required for the disproportionation reaction to be self-sufficient within the system, eliminating the need for an external carbon source. It also avoids CO2 emissions during the combustion power generation process, achieving near-zero carbon emissions at the system architecture level, without requiring additional carbon capture devices.

[0019] In the system of this invention, the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis unit is connected to the oxygen inlet of the internal combustion engine, and the O2 generated from water electrolysis is used for pure oxygen combustion in the internal combustion engine. Compared to air combustion, the flue gas components of pure oxygen combustion are mainly CO2 and water vapor. After cooling and dehydration, high-purity CO2 can be obtained, which can be directly used as a raw material for the disproportionation reaction. This synergistic pathway integrates the resource utilization of O2 by-products from electrolysis with the convenient collection and recovery of CO2 produced from combustion, so that CO2 recovery does not require the complex process of separation from nitrogen-containing mixed flue gas, reducing the energy consumption and cost of carbon recovery.

[0020] In the system of this invention, the methane staged reforming system proceeds in steps through cracking (CH4→C+2H2) and disproportionation (C+CO2→2CO). Both reactions are gas-solid reactions, and the products H2 and CO naturally separate from solid carbon in their respective reaction steps, eliminating the need for dedicated gas separation devices and reducing separation energy consumption and equipment investment. Based on this, the system utilizes the products in stages: CO is preferentially fed into an internal combustion engine for combustion and power generation, achieving carbon recycling; high-purity H2 produced by the electrolysis unit is directly output as a high-value-added product; and the excess H2 produced by the reforming system, after supplementing the internal combustion engine's fuel shortage, is output as an industrial fuel-grade product. This staged utilization method balances the integrity of the carbon cycle with the system's economic efficiency.

[0021] In the system of this invention, an absorption heat pump is connected to the exhaust outlet of an internal combustion engine, and an air source heat pump is electrically connected to the internal combustion engine and / or a photovoltaic power generation device. Waste heat from the internal combustion engine exhaust preferentially drives the absorption heat pump for cooling or direct heating, while the cooling / heating load gap is filled by the air source heat pump. Through the coordinated operation of the absorption heat pump and the air source heat pump, the cascade utilization of waste heat from the exhaust and electrical energy is achieved, reducing quality losses during energy conversion and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the system is further equipped with a carbon monoxide storage tank connected between the carbon monoxide outlet of the disproportionation reactor and the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine; the photovoltaic power generation device is connected to the air source heat pump and the electrolysis device via a circuit. When solar energy is sufficient, excess carbon monoxide is stored in the storage tank, and the surplus photovoltaic power drives the electrolysis device to produce hydrogen and oxygen; when solar energy is insufficient, the carbon monoxide in the storage tank replenishes the fuel shortage of the internal combustion engine, and the oxygen in the oxygen storage tank maintains pure oxygen combustion. Through the dual energy storage path of fuel storage and power conversion, the impact of the intermittency and fluctuation of solar energy on the continuous power supply of the system is mitigated. At the same time, the system can compensate for power shortages through grid interaction, ensuring stable power supply under variable operating conditions.

[0023] In the system of this invention, a photovoltaic power generation device converts solar energy into electrical energy, and a solar thermal source concentrates solar energy into thermal energy to drive a staged reforming system for methane. Photovoltaic power generation directly meets electrical loads or drives a heat pump, while solar thermochemical conversion stores solar energy as chemical energy in CO and H2, which is then burned to generate electricity via an internal combustion engine. The parallel implementation of both electrical and chemical energy conversion pathways increases the proportion of solar energy in the system's input energy, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and their associated carbon emissions at the source. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1This is a structural diagram of a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen power supply system according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a methane staged reforming reaction system in a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen power system of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply method according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0026] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] The first embodiment of the present invention proposes a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply system, comprising: A photovoltaic power generation device 100 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; A methane staged reforming system 200 is used to crack methane to produce solid carbon and hydrogen, and to cause the solid carbon to undergo a disproportionation reaction with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The methane staged reforming system 200 has a carbon dioxide inlet and a carbon monoxide outlet. An electrolysis device 300 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic power generation device 100 and is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The electrolysis device 300 has an oxygen outlet. The internal combustion engine 400 has a fuel inlet, an oxygen inlet, and a flue gas outlet. The fuel inlet is connected to the carbon monoxide outlet of the methane stage reforming system 200, and the oxygen inlet is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis device 300. An absorption heat pump 500 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine 400; An air source heat pump 600 is electrically connected to the internal combustion engine 400 and / or the photovoltaic power generation device 100; The flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine 400 is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet of the methane staged reforming system 200, and is used to transport the carbon dioxide generated by the pure oxygen combustion of the internal combustion engine 400 to the methane staged reforming system 200.

[0028] In one specific implementation, see Figure 1The photovoltaic power generation device 100 consists of an array of photovoltaic panels arranged on the roof of a building or in an open area. Its function is to directly convert solar radiation into DC power, serving as the main source of green electricity for the system.

[0029] The methane staged reforming system 200 is the core chemical unit of this invention. It receives methane as raw material and converts it into two fuel gases, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, through a reaction process detailed later.

[0030] In this embodiment, the electrolysis device 300 is preferably a solid oxide electrolysis cell, whose power input terminal is connected to the output circuit of the photovoltaic power generation device 100. It uses the surplus power generated by photovoltaic power generation to electrolyze water and efficiently produce high-purity hydrogen and oxygen.

[0031] The internal combustion engine 400 serves as the system's power generation and drive unit. Its fuel inlet pipeline is connected to the carbon monoxide outlet of the methane staged reforming system 200 to receive carbon monoxide as the primary fuel. Simultaneously, its combustion chamber's oxygen inlet is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis unit 300 via a pipeline to achieve pure oxygen combustion of the fuel, thereby producing high-concentration carbon dioxide flue gas. This high-concentration carbon dioxide flue gas is then transported back to the carbon dioxide inlet of the methane staged reforming system 200 through a recovery pipeline, serving as a reactant to achieve closed-loop utilization of carbon.

[0032] The absorption heat pump 500 is a heat-driven refrigeration device. Its driving heat source input is connected to the flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine 400, utilizing the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the internal combustion engine 400 for cooling to meet the building's cooling load requirements. The air source heat pump 600 is an electrically driven heat or cooling supplementation device. Its power supply circuit is connected in parallel with the generator output of the internal combustion engine 400 and the output circuit of the photovoltaic power generation device 100. When the absorption heat pump 500 provides insufficient cooling or the waste heat from the internal combustion engine is insufficient for heating, it uses electricity to extract heat from the air or release heat to the air to supplement the system's heat or cooling load gap. This system architecture, through energy cascade utilization and material recycling, greatly improves energy efficiency and the system's economic and environmental friendliness.

[0033] As a further explanation of the present invention, the methane staged reforming system 200 includes a cracking reactor 210, a carbon removal reactor 220, and a parabolic dish solar concentrator 110. The cracking reactor 210 is used for cracking methane to produce solid carbon and hydrogen. The carbon removal reactor 220 is used for the solid carbon to undergo a disproportionation reaction with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The parabolic dish solar concentrator 110 is used to provide thermal energy for the cracking reactor 210 and the carbon removal reactor 220.

[0034] In one specific implementation, see Figure 2The parabolic dish solar concentrator 110 serves as the external energy input device. Its large-area reflective surface concentrates a wide range of direct solar radiation to its focal point, forming a high-temperature heat source to provide the necessary high-grade thermal energy for subsequent endothermic chemical reactions. This high-temperature thermal energy is transferred to the cracking reactor 210 and the carbon removal reactor 220. In the cracking reactor 210, the feed gas methane undergoes an endothermic cracking reaction under any high-temperature anaerobic or oxygen-deficient conditions, for example, between 750°C and 900°C, with the chemical formula CH4→C(s)+ 2H2. The products of this reaction are gaseous hydrogen and solid carbon.

[0035] The solid carbon generated in the cracking reactor 210 is transported to the carbon removal reactor 220, where it undergoes a disproportionation reaction with externally input carbon dioxide under the same temperature conditions as the cracking reaction. This reaction, also known as the disproportionation reaction, has the chemical formula C(s) + CO2 → 2CO. The product of this reaction is gaseous carbon monoxide. By dividing methane reforming into two steps—cracking and carbon removal—and utilizing the phase difference between hydrogen and carbon monoxide (both gaseous and solid products), the self-separation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide fuel gases is achieved. This avoids the high-energy-consuming gas separation processes required after traditional mixed reforming, such as pressure swing adsorption, thus significantly reducing equipment investment and operating energy consumption, and improving the overall efficiency of the system.

[0036] In one specific embodiment, in order to achieve stable solid carbon transport between the pyrolysis reactor 210 and the carbon removal reactor 220, the pyrolysis reactor 210 and the carbon removal reactor 220 can be arranged vertically. The bottom of the pyrolysis reactor 210 is provided with a solid carbon collecting cone, and the top of the carbon removal reactor 220 is provided with a solid carbon inlet. The solid carbon collecting cone and the solid carbon inlet are connected by a vertically arranged solid carbon transport pipe.

[0037] The solid carbon conveying pipe is equipped with a first pneumatic gate valve, a lock hopper, and a rotary impeller feeder, arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Both the solid carbon collecting cone and the solid carbon conveying pipe are made of high-temperature resistant materials. During conveying, the solid carbon generated in the pyrolysis reactor 210 settles into the solid carbon collecting cone under gravity. After the first pneumatic gate valve opens, the solid carbon enters the lock hopper through the solid carbon conveying pipe. Once the solid carbon enters the lock hopper, the first pneumatic gate valve closes to isolate the gas on one side of the pyrolysis reactor 210. Inert gas can be introduced into the lock hopper for purging to remove any small amounts of hydrogen that may have mixed in. The rotary impeller feeder, located below the lock hopper, rotates under the drive of a motor and uses the impeller volume to quantitatively transport solid carbon, ensuring that the solid carbon continuously and uniformly enters the decarbonization reactor 220. Simultaneously, the fit between the impeller sealing surface and the pipe wall isolates the gas on one side of the decarbonization reactor 220. Thus, while reducing transport energy consumption through gravity transport, the coordination of the first pneumatic gate valve, the lock hopper, and the rotary impeller feeder prevents cross-contamination between the pyrolysis reactor 210 and the decarbonization reactor 220, achieving a quantitative and continuous transport of solid carbon.

[0038] It should be noted that the above-described solid carbon conveying structure is only one optional embodiment. In other embodiments, as long as solid carbon conveying, gas isolation, and quantitative feeding can be achieved between the pyrolysis reactor 210 and the carbon removal reactor 220, other high-temperature resistant airtight solid conveying structures can also be used, such as a dual-valve alternating locking structure, a high-temperature resistant screw feeder structure, or other equivalent airtight feeder structures. This invention is not specifically limited here.

[0039] As a further explanation of the present invention, the methane staged reforming system 200 also includes a combustion supplement module, a first heat exchanger 211, a second heat exchanger 221, a third heat exchanger 212 and a fourth heat exchanger 222. The first heat exchanger 211 and the third heat exchanger 212 are sequentially arranged between the hydrogen product outlet and the methane feed pipeline of the cracking reactor 210; the second heat exchanger 221 and the fourth heat exchanger 222 are sequentially arranged between the carbon monoxide product outlet and the carbon dioxide feed pipeline of the carbon removal reactor 220. The combustion module is located inside the methane staged reforming system 200 and is connected to the methane fuel source. It is used to burn methane when the solar radiation is below a preset threshold to provide heat energy to the cracking reactor 210 and / or the carbon removal reactor 220.

[0040] In one specific implementation, to further improve the energy utilization efficiency and operational stability of the methane staged reforming system 200, this system also integrates a thermal management network and a backup energy system. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 High-temperature hydrogen gas, with a temperature of 750°C to 900°C, coming out of the cracking reactor 210 first enters the first heat exchanger 211, where it exchanges heat with the room-temperature methane feed that comes in from the outside. It transfers its own heat to the methane, thereby preheating the methane and reducing its own temperature accordingly.

[0041] Similarly, the high-temperature carbon monoxide exiting the carbon removal reactor 220 enters the second heat exchanger 221, where it exchanges heat with the room-temperature carbon dioxide feed to preheat the carbon dioxide. The hydrogen and carbon monoxide, after initial cooling, enter the third heat exchanger 212 and the fourth heat exchanger 222, respectively, using water or steam as the cooling medium to further cool them to room temperature or near room temperature for subsequent storage or use. This series of heat exchangers maximizes the recovery of the sensible heat of the product gases for preheating the reactants, significantly reducing the total heat required by the solar concentrator 110 and improving the system's thermal economy.

[0042] Furthermore, to address the inherent intermittency and fluctuations of solar energy, such as lower direct solar radiation at night or on cloudy days, the system incorporates a combustion supplement module. This module is connected to a methane fuel source, such as a natural gas pipeline. When the sensor detects that the solar radiation intensity is below a preset threshold required to maintain the reaction temperature, the combustion supplement module automatically activates, directly burning a small amount of methane to supplement thermal energy. This ensures that the cracking reactor 210 and the carbon removal reactor 220 can operate continuously and stably within a constant optimal temperature range, thereby guaranteeing the continuity and reliability of the fuel supply for the entire energy system.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, both the pyrolysis reactor 210 and the carbon removal reactor 220 can adopt a double-jacketed endothermic reactor structure. The core endothermic surfaces of both reactors are opened towards the focal point of the parabolic dish solar concentrator 110 to form a photothermal endothermic cavity. When solar radiation is sufficient, the focused solar radiation can directly enter the photothermal endothermic cavity and be transferred to the reaction zone through the metal or ceramic wall of the reactor via thermal radiation and thermal conduction, thereby driving the pyrolysis reaction and the carbon removal reaction. The combustion module can be integrated into the periphery of the endothermic cavity inside the methane staged reforming system 200 or into the reactor jacket. The combustion module is equipped with a combustion chamber. The high-temperature combustion flue gas generated in the combustion chamber is introduced into the outer hot flue gas jacket of the pyrolysis reactor 210. The high-temperature combustion flue gas flows in the jacket and indirectly transfers heat to the methane in the pyrolysis reactor 210 through forced convection heat transfer and thermal radiation via the reactor wall. The high-temperature combustion flue gas does not directly contact the methane to ensure the purity of the hydrogen product. Correspondingly, the high-temperature flue gas pipeline of the afterburning module can also be extended to the heat-absorbing shell or internal hot runner of the carbon removal reactor 220 to supplement the heat required for the reaction in the carbon removal reactor 220. The system can also be equipped with a thermal management controller. When solar radiation energy decreases, the thermal management controller proportionally increases the opening of the methane valve and air valve or oxygen valve in the afterburning module according to the reactor temperature or solar radiation intensity, thereby increasing the flow rate and temperature of the high-temperature combustion flue gas entering the jacket or hot runner, thus compensating for insufficient solar and thermal radiation and maintaining the reaction core area of ​​the cracking reactor 210 and the carbon removal reactor 220 within the preset reaction temperature range.

[0044] It should be noted that the heat transfer structure between the combustion module and the reactor described above is only one optional implementation. In other implementations, the heat generated by the combustion module can also be transferred to the pyrolysis reactor 210 and / or the carbon removal reactor 220 through a jacket, flue gas channel, heat-absorbing shell, internal heat flow channel or other indirect heat exchange structure disposed on the outer periphery of the reactor, as long as the combustion flue gas does not directly mix with the reactants or products and can compensate for the reaction heat demand when solar radiation is insufficient.

[0045] As a further explanation of the present invention, the system also includes a carbon monoxide storage tank 700, the inlet of which is connected to the carbon monoxide outlet of the methane staged reforming system 200, and its outlet is connected to the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine 400; the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine 400 is also connected to the hydrogen outlet of the methane staged reforming system 200.

[0046] In one specific implementation, to balance the volatility of solar energy supply with the real-time changes in user load demand, this system incorporates a carbon monoxide storage tank 700 as an energy buffer unit. The inlet of the carbon monoxide storage tank 700 is connected via a pipeline to the carbon monoxide outlet of the methane staged reforming system 200, and the outlet is connected to the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine 400. When solar energy is sufficient and the carbon monoxide produced by the reforming system exceeds the real-time fuel demand of the internal combustion engine 400, the excess carbon monoxide is compressed and stored in the carbon monoxide storage tank 700.

[0047] When solar energy is insufficient or at night, and the reforming system is unable to produce fuel, the carbon monoxide stored in tank 700 can be released as backup fuel to power the internal combustion engine 400, thus realizing the transfer of energy over time.

[0048] Furthermore, the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine 400 is connected not only to the carbon monoxide pipeline but also to the hydrogen outlet pipeline from the methane staged reforming system 200. This invention, through the above scheme, allows for the combustion of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, or a mixture thereof according to the operating strategy. By configuring a gas storage unit and flexible fuel supply pipelines, the impact of renewable energy volatility on the continuous and stable power supply of the system is effectively controlled, enhancing the system's ability to balance supply and demand in response to load changes and improving overall operational reliability.

[0049] As a further explanation of the present invention, the oxygen inlet of the internal combustion engine 400 is also connected to an oxygen storage tank 800; the inlet of the oxygen storage tank 800 is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis device 300; the internal combustion engine 400 is configured to switch to air combustion when the oxygen supply is insufficient.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, to ensure reliable operation of the internal combustion engine 400 under all conditions, its oxygen inlet is connected to an oxygen storage tank 800. The inlet of the oxygen storage tank 800 is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis unit 300 to store the oxygen produced by electrolysis, and its outlet is connected to the oxygen inlet of the internal combustion engine 400, thereby providing pure oxygen to the internal combustion engine. Under normal or ideal operating conditions, i.e., when the electrolysis unit 300 can produce sufficient oxygen or the oxygen storage tank 800 has sufficient pure oxygen reserves, the system preferentially adopts the pure oxygen combustion mode. However, when the electrolysis unit 300 shuts down due to insufficient photovoltaic power, and the oxygen level in the oxygen storage tank 800 falls below a safety threshold, the control system automatically switches the combustion mode, causing the internal combustion engine 400 to switch to air combustion.

[0051] It should be noted that when switching to air combustion mode, the nitrogen-containing flue gas produced by combustion is not recovered for carbon dioxide and is directly emitted. This design of switching between pure oxygen combustion and air combustion is an important redundancy and safeguard measure, ensuring that even in the extreme case of a pure oxygen supply interruption, the internal combustion engine 400 can still generate electricity, providing users with uninterrupted power service, thereby greatly improving the robustness and power supply security of the entire energy system.

[0052] It should be noted that when switching to air combustion mode, the nitrogen-containing flue gas produced by combustion is not recovered for carbon dioxide and is directly emitted. This dual oxygen supply design is an important redundancy and safeguard, ensuring that even in the extreme case of a pure oxygen supply interruption, the internal combustion engine 400 can continue to generate electricity, providing users with uninterrupted power service, thereby greatly improving the robustness and power supply security of the entire energy system.

[0053] The second embodiment of the present invention proposes a solar-driven method for combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply, used to realize the aforementioned solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply system, comprising: The photovoltaic power generation device 100 converts solar energy into electrical energy, and the parabolic dish solar concentrator 110 concentrates solar energy into thermal energy to drive the methane staged reforming system 200. In the methane staged reforming system 200, methane is cracked to produce solid carbon and hydrogen, and the solid carbon undergoes a disproportionation reaction with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is fed to the internal combustion engine 400 for pure oxygen combustion to generate electricity; An absorption heat pump 500 is used to recover waste heat from the flue gas of the internal combustion engine 400 to meet the heat load or cooling load, or both, and an air source heat pump 600 is used to supplement the cooling or heating. The surplus electricity from the photovoltaic power generation device 100 drives the electrolysis device 300 to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is supplied to the internal combustion engine 400 for the pure oxygen combustion of carbon monoxide; The carbon dioxide produced by the pure oxygen combustion of the internal combustion engine 400 is recovered and transported to the methane staged reforming system 200 as the feedstock for the disproportionation reaction.

[0054] In one specific implementation, see Figure 3 The flowchart provided by this invention clearly illustrates how the system operates collaboratively to achieve combined energy supply. First, in the solar energy conversion step, solar energy is captured and utilized in two ways: The photovoltaic power generation device 100 directly converts light energy into electrical energy, which is prioritized to meet the real-time electrical load of users and drive auxiliary equipment in the system; the parabolic dish concentrator 110 focuses sunlight to generate high-temperature heat energy, which provides driving force for the methane staged reforming system 200.

[0055] In the fuel production step, methane is decomposed into solid carbon and hydrogen in a cracking reactor at a temperature of 750°C to 900°C. Subsequently, the solid carbon reacts with carbon dioxide in a decarbonization reactor to produce carbon monoxide. The generated carbon monoxide and hydrogen are then fed as fuel to an internal combustion engine 400 for combustion, which drives the engine to generate electricity to meet user electrical loads.

[0056] In the waste heat utilization step, the high-temperature flue gas generated during the power generation process of the internal combustion engine 400 is not directly emitted, but is guided to the absorption heat pump 500. Its high-temperature waste heat drives the heat pump for cooling, meeting the building's cooling load. The waste heat from the internal combustion engine that is not utilized by the absorption heat pump can directly meet the user's heating load. If there is still a shortfall in cooling or heating capacity, it is supplemented by an air-source heat pump 600 driven by photovoltaic or internal combustion engine power generation. In the carbon cycle and high-value-added product preparation step, the surplus electricity generated after the photovoltaic power generation device 100 meets all electricity demands is used to drive the solid oxide electrolysis cell 300 to electrolyze water, producing high-purity hydrogen and oxygen. The generated oxygen is transported to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine 400 to achieve pure oxygen combustion of carbon monoxide. The product of pure oxygen combustion is high-purity carbon dioxide, which is completely captured and returned to the carbon removal reactor of the methane stage reforming system 200 as a raw material to participate in the reaction, forming a closed carbon cycle. This method, through the cascade utilization of energy and the recycling of materials, forms a closed loop of energy production and consumption that is efficient, low-carbon, and economical.

[0057] As a further explanation of the present invention, the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis device 300 does not enter the internal combustion engine 400 as fuel, and a portion of the hydrogen produced by the methane staged reforming system 200 enters the internal combustion engine 400 for combustion, while the remainder is output as a product.

[0058] In one specific implementation, the system employs differentiated management and utilization strategies for hydrogen from different sources to maximize economic benefits. The hydrogen produced by the solid oxide electrolyzer (electrolysis unit 300) using surplus photovoltaic power to electrolyze water has extremely high purity. Therefore, this portion of hydrogen is not used as conventional fuel for the internal combustion engine 400, but is collected, stored, and sold directly to the market as a high-value-added product, such as to hydrogen refueling stations for fuel cell vehicles or fine chemical companies, thereby obtaining a high economic return to compensate for the system's high initial investment cost.

[0059] On the other hand, the hydrogen produced by the methane staged reforming system 200 during the cracking step has a relatively low value and is considered as in-system fuel. In the fuel dispatch strategy, when the carbon monoxide supply is insufficient to meet the fuel demand of the internal combustion engine 400, this hydrogen will be used as supplementary fuel for combustion and power generation in the internal combustion engine 400. If there is still hydrogen remaining after meeting the supplementary demand of the internal combustion engine, the surplus will be sold at a relatively low price, generating additional revenue. This refined hydrogen management strategy not only improves the economic feasibility of the system but also reflects the design philosophy of maximizing the value of energy sources of different qualities.

[0060] As a further explanation of the present invention, when the internal combustion engine 400 is not running, the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power generation device 100 prioritizes meeting the electrical load, and the surplus electricity drives the air source heat pump 600. If there is still surplus, it drives the electrolysis device 300 to electrolyze water. The electrical energy exceeding the rated power of the electrolysis device 300 is output to the power grid, and the oxygen produced by electrolysis is stored in the oxygen storage tank 800. When the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power generation device 100 cannot meet the electrical load, electrical energy is obtained from the power grid.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, the present invention discloses a detailed operating strategy for the system under different operating conditions. Under a typical operating condition, such as when there is no fuel supply to the solar-powered methane staged reforming system and the carbon monoxide storage tank, such as during initial startup or when fuel is depleted, the internal combustion engine 400 and its associated absorption heat pump 500 are both shut down. At this time, the system operation relies entirely on the photovoltaic power generation device 100 and the power grid. The electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation device 100 follows a clear priority allocation principle: first, it directly meets the real-time electrical load of users; if there is a surplus, this surplus electricity is used to drive the air source heat pump 600 to meet the building's cooling and heating needs. If there is still surplus electricity after meeting all the above load requirements, this electricity will be supplied to the solid oxide electrolyzer 300 to drive the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The generated oxygen will be compressed and stored in the oxygen storage tank 800 for later use. If the photovoltaic power generation is too large and exceeds the maximum rated input power of the electrolysis unit 300, the excess electricity will be sold to the public grid to generate revenue for the system. Conversely, if at any time the output of the photovoltaic power generation unit 100 is insufficient to meet the user's basic electrical load, the system control logic will first shut down the unnecessary electrolysis unit 300, and then purchase electricity from the grid to supplement the shortfall, ensuring a stable supply of electricity to the user and the heating and cooling loads handled by the air source heat pump 600. This strategy ensures that even without self-produced fuel, the system can still guarantee the user's basic energy needs through flexible interaction with the grid.

[0062] As a further explanation of the present invention, when the internal combustion engine 400 is running, the waste heat from the flue gas of the internal combustion engine 400 satisfies the heat load and drives the absorption heat pump 500. The gap between the cooling load and the heat load is supplemented by the air source heat pump 600. The surplus electricity of the internal combustion engine 400 is output to the power grid, and the surplus electricity of the photovoltaic power generation device 100 drives the electrolysis device 300. When the internal combustion engine 400 is fully loaded and the photovoltaic power generation device 100 still cannot meet the electrical load, electrical energy is obtained from the power grid, and the absorption heat pump 500 and the air source heat pump 600 jointly satisfy the cooling load and the heat load, and the electrolysis device 300 is turned off.

[0063] In one specific implementation, when the internal combustion engine 400 is in operation, the system's multi-energy coordination and scheduling strategy is more complex and refined, covering various situations from minimum load to full load. Specifically: When the internal combustion engine 400 can meet the user's electrical load by operating at the minimum load rate, such as 30%, its flue gas waste heat will prioritize meeting the heat load and drive the absorption heat pump 500. The gap between the cold and hot loads will be supplemented by the air source heat pump 600. The surplus electricity generated by the internal combustion engine 400 due to the minimum load limit will be sold directly to the grid, while the surplus photovoltaic electricity will be used to drive the solid oxide electrolysis cell 300.

[0064] When the internal combustion engine 400 is running at a load rate between 30% and 100%, the waste heat from the internal combustion engine and the absorption heat pump 500 prioritize meeting the cooling and heating loads. Any shortfall is supplemented by the photovoltaic power generation-driven air source heat pump 600. After all loads are met, the surplus photovoltaic power drives the electrolysis device 300, and any excess is sold to the power grid.

[0065] When the internal combustion engine 400 is running at full load and the combined photovoltaic power generation device 100 still cannot meet the user's electrical load, the system purchases electricity from the grid to make up for the electrical load gap, and at the same time purchases electricity from the grid to drive the air source heat pump 600 to make up for the cooling and heating load gap; at this time, the solid oxide electrolysis cell 300 is shut down and there is no surplus electricity to sell.

[0066] Regardless of the load rate at which the internal combustion engine operates, the waste heat from its flue gas is first used to directly meet the heat load. The remaining high-temperature flue gas drives the absorption heat pump 500 for cooling, and any remaining shortfall is supplemented by the air source heat pump 600. In terms of power distribution, surplus electricity from the internal combustion engine is prioritized for grid connection, and surplus photovoltaic power is prioritized for hydrogen electrolysis. This detailed multi-condition operation strategy, through the joint scheduling of cooling, heating, and electricity and intelligent interaction with the power grid, ensures that the system operates in the most economical and efficient manner under various lighting and load conditions.

[0067] As a further explanation of the present invention, the fuel scheduling priority of the internal combustion engine 400 is as follows: priority is given to burning the carbon monoxide produced by the methane staged reforming system 200 this time; if the carbon monoxide is insufficient, the hydrogen produced this time is burned; if it is still insufficient, the carbon monoxide stored in the carbon monoxide storage tank 700 is used. The oxygen supply priority of the internal combustion engine 400 is as follows: priority is given to using the oxygen produced by the electrolysis device 300 this time; if the oxygen is insufficient, the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage tank 800 is used; if the oxygen storage tank 800 is below the threshold and the electrolysis device 300 is not running, the engine switches to air combustion mode.

[0068] In one specific implementation, to ensure the economy and reliability of system operation, the fuel and oxidizer supply of the internal combustion engine 400 follows a sophisticated scheduling logic. Regarding fuel supply, the priority order is as follows: First, carbon monoxide generated in real-time by the solar-powered methane staged reforming system 200 is used preferentially; when the real-time generated carbon monoxide is insufficient to meet the load demand of the internal combustion engine 400, the system will use hydrogen generated in the same batch as supplementary fuel; if the fuel supply is still insufficient after mixing and burning carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the system will extract previously stored carbon monoxide from the carbon monoxide storage tank 700 as supplementary fuel. Regarding oxygen supply, to achieve efficient pure oxygen combustion and carbon dioxide recovery, the oxygen supply priority is set as follows: The system prioritizes the use of oxygen produced in real-time by the solid oxide electrolyzer 300. If real-time oxygen production is insufficient, oxygen pre-stored in the oxygen storage tank 800 is used. When the oxygen storage tank 800's level falls below a set safety threshold, and the electrolyzer 300 fails to operate due to insufficient photovoltaic power or other reasons, the system automatically switches to a backup plan. This involves drawing in air through the air supply pipeline for conventional combustion. In this case, the nitrogen-containing flue gas produced during combustion is directly emitted without carbon dioxide recovery. Furthermore, when pure oxygen combustion is performed, the limited pure oxygen is prioritized for carbon monoxide combustion to ensure the generation of recoverable high-purity carbon dioxide. The remaining pure oxygen is then used for methane combustion, for example, in afterburning or mixed fuel modes. This multi-level priority fuel and oxygen supply scheduling strategy maximizes the use of the system's self-produced low-cost energy, ensures critical carbon cycle processes, and guarantees the system's continuous operation under various resource conditions by setting up a backup plan.

[0069] The terms “first”, “second”, etc., are used to distinguish similar objects, not to describe or indicate a specific order or sequence.

[0070] The term "comprising" or any other similar term is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus / device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent in such process, method, article, or apparatus / device.

[0071] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply system, characterized in that, include: A photovoltaic power generation device (100) is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy; A staged reforming system (200) for cracking methane to produce solid carbon and hydrogen, and for disproportionating the solid carbon with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide, wherein the staged reforming system (200) has a carbon dioxide inlet and a carbon monoxide outlet. An electrolysis device (300), electrically connected to the photovoltaic power generation device (100), is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen, and the electrolysis device (300) has an oxygen outlet; An internal combustion engine (400) has a fuel inlet, an oxygen inlet and a flue gas outlet, wherein the fuel inlet is connected to the carbon monoxide outlet of the methane stage reforming system (200) and the oxygen inlet is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis unit (300). An absorption heat pump (500) is connected to the flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine (400); An air source heat pump (600) is electrically connected to the internal combustion engine (400) and / or the photovoltaic power generation device (100); The flue gas outlet of the internal combustion engine (400) is connected to the carbon dioxide inlet of the methane staged reforming system (200) to transport the carbon dioxide generated by the pure oxygen combustion of the internal combustion engine (400) to the methane staged reforming system (200).

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The methane staged reforming system (200) includes a cracking reactor (210), a carbon removal reactor (220), and a parabolic dish solar concentrator (110). The cracking reactor (210) is used to crack methane to produce solid carbon and hydrogen. The carbon removal reactor (220) is used to react the solid carbon with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The parabolic dish solar concentrator (110) is used to provide thermal energy to the cracking reactor (210) and the carbon removal reactor (220).

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The methane stage reforming system (200) also includes a combustion module, a first heat exchanger (211), a second heat exchanger (221), a third heat exchanger (212) and a fourth heat exchanger (222). The first heat exchanger (211) and the third heat exchanger (212) are sequentially arranged between the hydrogen product outlet and the methane feed pipeline of the cracking reactor (210); The second heat exchanger (221) and the fourth heat exchanger (222) are sequentially arranged between the carbon monoxide product outlet and the carbon dioxide feed pipeline of the carbon elimination reactor (220); The combustion module is located inside the methane staged reforming system (200) and connected to the methane fuel source. It is used to burn methane when the solar radiation is below a preset threshold to provide heat energy to the cracking reactor (210) and / or the decarbonization reactor (220).

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a carbon monoxide storage tank (700), the inlet of which is connected to the carbon monoxide outlet of the methane staged reforming system (200), and its outlet is connected to the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine (400); the fuel inlet of the internal combustion engine (400) is also connected to the hydrogen outlet of the methane staged reforming system (200).

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen inlet of the internal combustion engine (400) is also connected to an oxygen storage tank (800); the inlet of the oxygen storage tank (800) is connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolysis device (300); the internal combustion engine (400) is configured to switch to air combustion when the oxygen supply is insufficient.

6. A solar-driven method for combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply, used to implement a solar-driven combined cooling, heating, electricity, and hydrogen supply system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Solar energy is converted into electrical energy using a photovoltaic power generation device (100), and solar energy is concentrated into thermal energy using a parabolic dish solar concentrator (110) to drive a methane staged reforming system (200). In the methane staged reforming system (200), methane is cracked to produce solid carbon and hydrogen, and the solid carbon undergoes a disproportionation reaction with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide; The carbon monoxide is fed to an internal combustion engine (400) for pure oxygen combustion to generate electricity; An absorption heat pump (500) is used to recover waste heat from the flue gas of the internal combustion engine (400) to meet the heat load and / or cooling load, and an air source heat pump (600) is used to supplement the cooling or heating. The surplus electricity from the photovoltaic power generation device (100) drives the electrolysis device (300) to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen and oxygen; The oxygen is supplied to the internal combustion engine (400) for the combustion of carbon monoxide in pure oxygen; The carbon dioxide generated by the pure oxygen combustion of the internal combustion engine (400) is recovered and transported to the methane staged reforming system (200) as the raw material for the disproportionation reaction.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrogen produced by the electrolysis device (300) does not enter the internal combustion engine (400) as fuel. A portion of the hydrogen produced by the methane stage reforming system (200) enters the internal combustion engine (400) for combustion, and the remainder is output as a product.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the internal combustion engine (400) is not running, the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power generation device (100) prioritizes the electrical load, and the surplus electricity drives the air source heat pump (600). If there is still surplus, it drives the electrolysis device (300) to electrolyze water. The electrical energy exceeding the rated power of the electrolysis device (300) is output to the power grid, and the oxygen produced by electrolysis is stored in the oxygen storage tank (800). When the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic power generation device (100) cannot meet the electrical load, it obtains electrical energy from the power grid.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the internal combustion engine (400) is running, the waste heat from the flue gas of the internal combustion engine (400) satisfies the heat load and drives the absorption heat pump (500). The gap between the cooling load and the heat load is supplemented by the air source heat pump (600). The surplus electricity of the internal combustion engine (400) is output to the grid, and the surplus electricity of the photovoltaic power generation device (100) drives the electrolysis device (300). When the internal combustion engine (400) is fully loaded and the combined photovoltaic power generation device (100) still cannot meet the electrical load, it obtains electrical energy from the grid. The absorption heat pump (500) and the air source heat pump (600) work together to meet the cooling load and the heat load, and the electrolysis device (300) is shut down.

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fuel scheduling priority of the internal combustion engine (400) is: to prioritize the combustion of carbon monoxide produced by the methane stage reforming system (200) this time; if the carbon monoxide is insufficient, to burn the hydrogen produced this time; if it is still insufficient, to call up the carbon monoxide stored in the carbon monoxide storage tank (700). The oxygen supply priority of the internal combustion engine (400) is as follows: the oxygen produced by the electrolysis device (300) in this electrolysis is used first. When the oxygen is insufficient, the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage tank (800) is used. When the oxygen storage tank (800) is below the threshold and the electrolysis device (300) is not running, the engine switches to air combustion mode.

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