Quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze based on multi-index representation

Abstract

This invention discloses a quantitative evaluation method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization, belonging to the field of ceramic material performance testing technology. This quantitative evaluation method constructs a phased hierarchical evaluation framework dominated by ion exchange, mixed control, and network dissolution. By simultaneously collecting multi-dimensional parameters of electrochemical, optical, and chemical composition, it automatically identifies the corrosion stage transition by utilizing the inflection points of parameter changes, and adopts different quantitative scoring functions for the mechanism characteristics of each stage. Finally, a comprehensive chemical corrosion resistance score is obtained by weighted summation, achieving a high degree of matching between the evaluation logic and the corrosion mechanism. It solves the problems of strong subjectivity, low accuracy, and inability to reveal the corrosion process of traditional methods. It can comprehensively, accurately, and quantitatively evaluate the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes and is applicable to multiple fields such as building ceramics, sanitary ceramics, daily-use ceramics, and industrial ceramics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ceramic material performance testing technology, specifically a quantitative evaluation method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze based on multi-index characterization. Background Technology

[0002] As the functional surface layer of ceramic products, ceramic glaze plays a vital role in decoration, protection, and easy cleaning, and is widely used in architectural decoration, sanitary ware, daily utensils, and industrial equipment. In actual use, ceramic glaze inevitably comes into contact with various acid and alkaline solutions, detergents, food and beverages, and chemical reagents. Long-term chemical corrosion can lead to loss of luster, roughness, discoloration, cracking, and even peeling of the glaze, severely affecting the appearance and performance of the product, potentially fostering bacterial growth, endangering human health, and significantly shortening the lifespan of ceramic products. Therefore, accurately assessing the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes is crucial for optimizing glaze formulations, improving production processes, enhancing product quality, and ensuring safe use.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for evaluating the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes include the appearance rating method, the mass loss method, and the single-index test method. The appearance rating method relies on the visual observation and subjective judgment of inspectors to classify the degree of corrosion into several levels, which has inherent defects such as strong subjectivity, poor repeatability, and inability to provide quantitative assessment. The mass loss method calculates the corrosion rate by measuring the mass change of the sample before and after corrosion, but it can only reflect the overall average degree of corrosion and cannot distinguish between localized and overall corrosion, nor can it reveal the dynamic changes in the corrosion process. Single-index test methods, such as surface roughness testing, gloss testing, or hardness testing, can only reflect one aspect of corrosion damage and cannot comprehensively characterize the corrosion state of the glaze.

[0004] In summary, existing assessment techniques for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes suffer from problems such as a mismatch between the assessment logic and the corrosion mechanism, strong subjectivity in the assessment results, and an inability to reveal the mechanism of the corrosion process. Therefore, developing a quantitative assessment method that matches the temporal evolution of the corrosion mechanism of ceramic glazes, and achieving accurate characterization and scientific assessment of the entire corrosion process, has become an urgent technical challenge to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a quantitative evaluation method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization. This method constructs a phased hierarchical evaluation framework dominated by ion exchange, mixed control, and network dissolution. By simultaneously collecting multi-dimensional parameters of electrochemical, optical, and chemical composition, it automatically identifies the corrosion stage transition by utilizing the inflection points of parameter changes, and adopts different quantitative scoring functions for the mechanism characteristics of each stage. Finally, a comprehensive chemical corrosion resistance score is obtained by weighted summation. This achieves a high degree of matching between the evaluation logic and the corrosion mechanism, and solves the problems of strong subjectivity, low accuracy, and inability to reveal the corrosion process in traditional methods. It can comprehensively, accurately, and quantitatively evaluate the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes and is applicable to multiple fields such as building ceramics, sanitary ceramics, daily-use ceramics, and industrial ceramics.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides the following technical solution: a quantitative evaluation method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0007] S100. Sample preparation and pretreatment: Cut the ceramic glaze sample to be tested into a standard sample with a size of 50mm×50mm×5mm, ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 10min to remove surface oil and impurities, dry it in an oven at 105℃ for 2 hours, and cool it to room temperature for later use.

[0008] S200, Accelerated Corrosion Test and Multi-Parameter Synchronous Acquisition: The pretreated standard sample is vertically suspended in a polytetrafluoroethylene container filled with corrosive medium. During the corrosion process, the standard sample is taken out at set time intervals, rinsed with deionized water, dried, and then electrochemical parameters, optical characteristic parameters and chemical composition parameters are collected synchronously.

[0009] S300 Automatic Corrosion Stage Identification: Based on the temporal evolution law of ceramic glaze corrosion mechanism, the entire corrosion process is divided into three continuous stages: ion exchange-dominated stage, mixed control stage, and network dissolution-dominated stage. By monitoring the change curves of each parameter over time, the characteristic inflection points of stage transition are identified, and the corrosion stage identification is completed.

[0010] S400, phased and hierarchical quantitative scoring: Different quantitative scoring functions are used to score the degree of corrosion damage based on the mechanism characteristics of each corrosion stage;

[0011] S500 Comprehensive Chemical Corrosion Resistance Performance Evaluation: Based on the degree of influence of each stage on the overall chemical corrosion resistance performance of the glaze, different stage weight coefficients are assigned, and the scores of each stage are weighted and summed to obtain the final comprehensive chemical corrosion resistance performance score S.

[0012] Furthermore, in S200, the corrosive medium is a 5% hydrochloric acid solution or a 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and the test temperature is controlled at 25±1℃.

[0013] Furthermore, in S200, the time intervals are as follows: data is collected every 2 hours within 0-24 hours, every 6 hours within 24-72 hours, and every 12 hours within 72-168 hours. This time interval setting can ensure accurate capture of the characteristic inflection points of stage transitions, while avoiding unnecessary frequent testing and improving evaluation efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, in S200, the parameters synchronously acquired include:

[0015] Electrochemical parameters: Charge transfer resistance measured using a three-electrode system Double-layer capacitors and corrosion current density The electrochemical parameters were measured using a three-electrode system, with a ceramic glaze as the working electrode, a platinum sheet as the auxiliary electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode as the reference electrode. After the open-circuit potential stabilized, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was measured in the frequency range of 10⁵ Hz to 10⁻² Hz. The charge transfer resistance was obtained by fitting an equivalent circuit. and double-layer capacitor The Tafel curve was measured at a scan rate of 1 mV / s within the open circuit potential range of ±200 mV, and the corrosion current density was obtained by extrapolation. ;

[0016] Optical characteristic parameters: gloss at a 60° angle (G) measured using a gloss meter; surface arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) measured using a laser confocal microscope; and total color difference measured using a colorimeter. ;

[0017] Chemical composition parameters: The leaching concentrations of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na) in the corrosive medium were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The measurement method for these chemical composition parameters was as follows: 10 mL of the corrosive medium sample was taken at each test time point and diluted to 100 mL with deionized water. The concentrations of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na) in the diluted solution were measured using ICP-AES. The leaching concentrations of each element in the original corrosive medium were then calculated. The dilution process avoids interference from high-concentration elements on the measurement results, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement.

[0018] Furthermore, in S300, the inflection point from the ion exchange-dominated stage to the mixing-controlled stage is T1, and the inflection point from the mixing-controlled stage to the network dissolution-dominated stage is T2. The criteria for identifying the characteristic inflection points of the stage transitions are:

[0019] When the rate of decrease of charge transfer resistance Rct is first < 0.5 kΩ·cm² / h and the rate of increase of double layer capacitance Cdl is first > 0.1 μF / cm² / h, it is determined to be the inflection point T1 of the transition from the ion exchange-dominated stage to the mixed control stage.

[0020] When the growth rate of silicon (Si) dissolution concentration first exceeds twice the growth rate of calcium (Ca) dissolution concentration and the growth rate of surface arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) first exceeds 0.1 μm / h, it is determined to be the inflection point T2 of the transition from the mixing control stage to the network dissolution-dominated stage.

[0021] When two inflection point identification conditions are met simultaneously and the duration exceeds two time intervals, it is ultimately determined to be a stage transition.

[0022] Furthermore, in S400, the quantitative scoring functions for different stages include:

[0023] The scoring function for the ion exchange-dominated phase (0-T1) is: ,in, The initial charge transfer resistance, The charge transfer resistance at time T1, The initial 60° angle gloss level, The gloss level at a 60° angle at time T1. , The weighting coefficients for indicators in the ion exchange-dominant stage;

[0024] The scoring function for the mixed control phase (T1-T2) is: ,in, Let T1 be the corrosion current density. The corrosion current density at time T2. Let T1 be the surface arithmetic mean roughness. The surface roughness at time T2 is the arithmetic mean roughness. The total color difference at time T1 The total color difference at time T2 , , These are the weighting coefficients for the indicators in the mixed control phase.

[0025] The scoring function for the network dissolution-dominated phase (T2-T3) is: ,in, The concentration of silicon (Si) dissolved at time T2. This represents the concentration of silicon (Si) dissolved at time T3. The surface roughness at time T3 is the arithmetic mean roughness. , T3 represents the index weighting coefficient for the network dissolution-dominant stage, and T3 is the end time of the corrosion test.

[0026] Furthermore, when the corrosive medium is a 5% (v / v) hydrochloric acid solution, the weighting coefficient of the index for the network dissolution-dominant stage is adjusted to... , Strong acid media have a more significant dissolving effect on the glass phase network of the glaze, and the silicon element Si dissolution concentration can more sensitively reflect the degree of corrosion damage under strong acid media.

[0027] Furthermore, when the corrosive medium is a 5% sodium hydroxide solution, the weighting coefficient of the indicators in the mixed control stage is adjusted to... , In strong alkaline media, the corrosion of glaze surfaces is mainly manifested by the rapid dissolution of the glass phase and drastic changes in surface morphology. Corrosion current density can more accurately reflect the rate of this process.

[0028] Furthermore, in the S500, the overall chemical corrosion resistance performance score is... ,in, , , The stage weighting coefficients are based on the comprehensive chemical corrosion resistance score. Chemical corrosion resistance rating: Excellent: Grade, Good: points, medium: Score: Poor points, difference: The comprehensive score directly reflects the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes throughout the corrosion process and enables direct horizontal comparison between ceramic products with different glaze formulations and production processes.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, this quantitative evaluation method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization has the following advantages:

[0030] I. This invention constructs a phased, hierarchical evaluation framework that perfectly matches the temporal evolution of the corrosion mechanism of ceramic glazes. It scientifically divides the corrosion process into three continuous stages: ion exchange-dominated, mixing-controlled, and network dissolution-dominated. Quantitative scoring functions are designed for the corrosion mechanism characteristics of each stage, overcoming the limitations of traditional methods that use uniform evaluation standards. This ensures that the evaluation logic is highly consistent with the physicochemical nature of the corrosion process, solving the problem of inaccurate evaluation results in existing methods. Furthermore, by analyzing the parameter change characteristics of each stage, the mechanism evolution of different glazes in different corrosive media can be clearly revealed, providing a clear basis for targeted adjustment of glaze formulations and optimization of production processes.

[0031] Second, this invention proposes an automatic corrosion stage identification method based on the inflection point of changes in electrochemical and optical characteristic parameters. By monitoring the dynamic changes of charge transfer resistance, double-layer capacitance, silicon dissolution concentration, and surface roughness parameters, the critical time point of stage transition can be accurately identified. This method avoids the subjectivity of human judgment and adopts a multi-dimensional parameter synchronous acquisition technology of electrochemical, optical, and chemical composition, which can comprehensively characterize the entire process of corrosion damage of the glaze from micro-interface reaction to macro-performance changes, significantly improving the comprehensiveness and reliability of the evaluation results.

[0032] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of the quantitative evaluation method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze based on multi-index characterization in this invention.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the acquisition process of electrochemical parameters, optical characteristic parameters, and chemical composition parameters in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the feature inflection point identification process for stage transitions in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To better understand the above technical solutions, a detailed description of the solutions will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] This embodiment provides a quantitative assessment method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization, aiming to solve the problems of existing assessment methods being highly subjective, mismatched with corrosion mechanisms, and unable to reveal the dynamic changes in the corrosion process. This method achieves accurate characterization and scientific quantitative assessment of the entire corrosion process by constructing a staged hierarchical assessment system—dominated by ion exchange, controlled by mixing, and dominated by network dissolution—that matches the temporal evolution of the corrosion mechanism of ceramic glazes. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a quantitative evaluation method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization in an embodiment of the present invention. The specific steps of this method are as follows:

[0039] S100. Sample preparation and pretreatment: Cut the ceramic glaze sample to be tested into a standard sample with a size of 50mm×50mm×5mm, ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 10min to remove surface oil and impurities, dry it in an oven at 105℃ for 2 hours, and cool it to room temperature for later use.

[0040] S200, Accelerated Corrosion Test and Multi-Parameter Synchronous Acquisition: The pretreated standard sample is vertically suspended in a polytetrafluoroethylene container filled with corrosive medium. During the corrosion process, the standard sample is taken out at set time intervals, rinsed with deionized water, dried, and then electrochemical parameters, optical characteristic parameters and chemical composition parameters are collected synchronously.

[0041] S300 Automatic Corrosion Stage Identification: Based on the temporal evolution law of ceramic glaze corrosion mechanism, the entire corrosion process is divided into three continuous stages: ion exchange-dominated stage, mixed control stage, and network dissolution-dominated stage. By monitoring the change curves of each parameter over time, the characteristic inflection points of stage transition are identified, and the corrosion stage identification is completed.

[0042] S400, phased and hierarchical quantitative scoring: Different quantitative scoring functions are used to score the degree of corrosion damage based on the mechanism characteristics of each corrosion stage;

[0043] S500 Comprehensive Chemical Corrosion Resistance Performance Evaluation: Based on the degree of influence of each stage on the overall chemical corrosion resistance performance of the glaze, different stage weight coefficients are assigned, and the scores of each stage are weighted and summed to obtain the final comprehensive chemical corrosion resistance performance score S.

[0044] In step S100 above, the initial state of the sample to be tested is standardized to eliminate the interference of surface contaminants and moisture on subsequent test results, ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of the evaluation. Specifically, firstly, a standard sample of 50mm×50mm×5mm is cut from the ceramic glaze product to be tested using a cutting machine. Cooling liquid is required during the cutting process to prevent non-experimental thermal damage to the glaze surface due to local overheating. After cutting, the standard sample is completely immersed in a beaker containing anhydrous ethanol and placed in an ultrasonic cleaner. It is ultrasonically cleaned for 10 minutes at a frequency of 40kHz and room temperature. The cavitation effect of ultrasound and the strong dissolving ability of ethanol are used to remove oil, fingerprints, and microparticles adhering to the glaze surface during cutting and handling. The cleaned sample is taken out of the anhydrous ethanol and rinsed repeatedly three times with deionized water to remove residual ethanol. The rinsed sample is placed in a constant temperature drying oven and dried at 105℃ for 2 hours to ensure that the adsorbed water on the glaze surface and in the microcracks is completely evaporated.

[0045] After drying, the sample is removed from the drying oven and placed in a sealed desiccator containing silica gel. It is then allowed to cool naturally to room temperature before use.

[0046] In step S200 above, multi-dimensional characteristic parameters are simultaneously collected in a controlled accelerated corrosion environment, providing a comprehensive and dynamic data foundation for subsequent stage identification and quantitative evaluation. Specifically, the standard samples pretreated in step S100 are vertically suspended in a PTFE container filled with corrosive media. The standard samples are completely submerged, and a distance of 10 mm is maintained between samples and between the samples and the container wall to ensure uniform contact and free flow of the corrosive media on the sample surface. This embodiment provides two corrosive media: a 5% (v / v) hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution to simulate an acidic environment; and a 5% (w / w) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to simulate an alkaline environment. During the experiment, the temperature inside the entire container is controlled at 25±1℃ using a constant temperature water bath to eliminate the influence of temperature fluctuations on the chemical reaction rate.

[0047] To improve experimental efficiency while capturing key evolutionary information of the corrosion process, this embodiment employs a non-uniform adaptive time interval for data acquisition. Specifically, the intervals are set as follows: during the initial 0-24 hours of corrosion, due to the intense surface reaction and potentially rapid stage transitions, data is acquired every 2 hours; during the middle 24-72 hours of corrosion, when the reaction rate tends to level off, data is acquired every 6 hours; and during the later 72-168 hours of corrosion, when corrosion damage mainly exhibits stable expansion, data is acquired every 12 hours. For each data acquisition, the standard sample is removed from the corrosive medium, rinsed thoroughly with copious amounts of deionized water to remove residual corrosive liquid, and then rapidly dried with inert gas before immediately performing subsequent multi-parameter synchronous measurements. The parameters synchronously acquired in this embodiment cover electrochemical, optical characteristics, and chemical composition to achieve a comprehensive characterization of the corrosion process from the microscopic interface to macroscopic performance, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the acquisition process of electrochemical parameters, optical characteristic parameters, and chemical composition parameters in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein:

[0048] Electrochemical parameters were measured using a classic three-electrode system. Specifically, the treated ceramic glaze sample was used as the working electrode. An ohmic contact was created on its back using conductive silver paste, and the non-working area was encapsulated with epoxy resin, exposing only 1 cm² of the glaze surface as the test surface. A platinum sheet electrode was used as the auxiliary electrode, and a saturated calomel electrode was used as the reference electrode. First, the three-electrode system was immersed in a corrosive medium with the same composition as the accelerated corrosion test. Measurements began after the open-circuit potential change rate was less than ±2 mV / min. A sinusoidal AC perturbation signal with an amplitude of 10 mV was applied to the open-circuit potential, with a frequency sweep range from 10... 5 Hz to 10 -2 The measurement was performed at Hz using a logarithmic scan, with 10 points collected every ten octaves. After measurement, the charge transfer resistance and double-layer capacitance were obtained. The charge transfer resistance reflects the ease with which interfacial electrochemical reactions occur; a higher value indicates a stronger resistance of the glaze to ion exchange and charge transfer. After EIS measurement, the scan potential range was set to -200mV to +200mV relative to the open-circuit potential. A low scan rate of 1mV / s was used for linear potential scanning to avoid unsteady currents caused by excessively fast scan rates. The current response during the scan was recorded to obtain the Tafel curve. Tangential extrapolation was performed on the linear portions of the cathode and anodic branches of the Tafel curve. The current density corresponding to the intersection of the two tangents is the corrosion current density. The corrosion current density characterizes the uniform corrosion rate of the glaze in the corrosive medium; a higher value indicates a faster corrosion rate.

[0049] Optical characteristic parameters were measured using a handheld three-angle gloss meter with a 60° incident angle. Before measurement, the gloss meter was calibrated using its built-in standard highlight plate. Five different measurement points (center and four corners) were selected on the sample glaze surface, with each point measured three times. The arithmetic mean was taken as the 60° angle gloss value G for that sample. Gloss reflects the specular reflectivity of the glaze surface, and its decrease is directly related to the loss of surface smoothness and the degree of corrosion product coverage. Non-contact measurement was performed using a laser confocal microscope. The sample was placed on the stage, a 20x objective lens was selected, and the scanning area was set to 500μm × 500μm. The laser beam scanned point by point in the XY plane, while stray light from the focal plane was eliminated through a pinhole filter to reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology of the glaze surface. The arithmetic mean surface roughness of the area was calculated and output. ,in, For sampling length, The distance from each point on the contour to the baseline. The value quantifies the degree of undulation in the micro-geometry of the glaze surface, and its increase directly reflects the surface dissolution and peeling caused by corrosion. A portable spectrophotometer was used, with measurement geometry of d / 8° (diffuse illumination / 8° reception), including specular reflection. Before measurement, calibration was performed using the instrument's built-in standard white plate. Measurements were taken in the same area of ​​the sample, and the results were recorded. (brightness) (Red-Green Axis) (Yellow-Blue Axis) Value, Total Color Difference The calculation is based on the initial values ​​of the uncorroded sample. , , The value is calculated using the following formula: , The value integrates all information about color changes during the corrosion process, and its changes can reflect the influence of ion exchange and surface deposits on the appearance of the glaze.

[0050] Chemical composition parameters are indirectly obtained by analyzing the leaching concentration of specific elements in the corrosive medium. At each preset test time point, 10 mL of the corrosive medium sample is drawn from the PTFE container using a disposable sterile syringe. To reduce the matrix effect and spectral interference of high-concentration elements (Na, Ca) in ICP-OES detection, the drawn 10 mL sample is precisely diluted to 100 mL with deionized water and thoroughly mixed. The diluted sample solution is then filtered through a 0.45 μm polyethersulfone syringe filter and transferred to a dedicated ICP-OES injection tube. The concentrations of four elements—silicon (Si, characteristic line 251.611 nm), aluminum (Al, characteristic line 396.152 nm), calcium (Ca, characteristic line 317.933 nm), and sodium (Na, characteristic line 589.592 nm)—in a diluted solution were quantitatively measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Before measurement, a standard curve was established using a standard solution compatible with the matrix of the test solution. The concentrations were determined based on the diluted concentration values ​​obtained from ICP-OES. Multiplying by the dilution factor of 10 yields the leaching concentration of the element in the original corrosive medium. Silicon and aluminum are the main constituents of the glazed glass network structure, and their leaching concentrations directly reflect the dissolution rate of the network skeleton. Calcium and sodium, as network exogenous bodies or charge compensation ions, indicate the progress and intensity of the ion exchange reaction by their leaching concentration trends.

[0051] In step S300 above, based on the inherent mechanism evolution law of ceramic glaze in the chemical corrosion process, by monitoring the multi-parameter time series curves collected in S200, the characteristic inflection points of stage transition are automatically identified, and the corrosion process is divided into three continuous stages: the ion exchange-dominated stage, the mixed-control stage, and the network dissolution-dominated stage. The corrosion of ceramic glaze in acid and alkali solutions is not a constant-rate process; its dominant mechanism evolves over time, and an automatic identification logic is constructed. The total duration of the corrosion test is set to 168 hours (…). The inflection point between the ion exchange-dominated stage and the mixed-control stage is defined as follows: The inflection point for the transition from the hybrid control phase to the network dissolution-dominated phase is... The identification process is performed either in real-time during the test or after each data acquisition. For example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the feature inflection point identification process for stage transitions in this embodiment of the invention. This embodiment adopts the following two identification conditions:

[0052] First identification criterion: used for identification The inflection point, based on the characteristic of the early stage of corrosion transitioning from ion diffusion control to mixed control of interfacial reactions, occurs during the ion exchange-dominated stage. or With the glaze , Rapid exchange occurs, leading to the formation of a silicon-rich layer on the surface, which reduces charge transfer resistance ( The concentration of silicon rapidly decreases as a silicon-rich layer forms and begins to impede ion diffusion. The rate of decrease slows down. Meanwhile, the double-layer capacitance ( The charge transfer resistance begins to increase due to changes in surface structure. Therefore, when the calculated charge transfer resistance... The rate of change over time (rate of decrease) is less than for the first time And simultaneously calculate the double-layer capacitance. The rate of change (rate of increase) over time is greater than for the first time At that time, it was determined to be the inflection point of the transition from the ion exchange-dominated stage to the mixed-control stage. .

[0053] Second identification condition: used for identification The inflection point, based on the later stage of the mixing control phase, is characterized by the large-scale fracture and hydrolysis of the glaze's silica-oxygen network framework. During the network dissolution-dominated stage, [the following occurs]. Significant dissolution occurs in the tetrahedral glass network, leading to a large migration of Si from the solid phase into the solution. Therefore, the rate of Si dissolution concentration increase significantly exceeds that of the network's outer layer. The dissolution rate, and at the same time, the macroscopic dissolution of the network directly leads to surface roughness ( The growth rate is rapid; therefore, when the calculated growth rate of silicon (Si) dissolution concentration first exceeds twice the growth rate of calcium (Ca) dissolution concentration, and the calculated surface arithmetic mean roughness is also rapid... The growth rate for the first time exceeded At that time, it was determined to be the inflection point of the transition from the hybrid control stage to the network dissolution-dominant stage. .

[0054] To prevent misjudgments caused by transient data fluctuations (such as measurement noise), this embodiment introduces a confirmation mechanism. After each of the first or second identification conditions is met for the first time, the system checks whether the condition can be continuously met for two consecutive time intervals (the first time point is 2 hours, and the second time point is 4 hours). Only when the condition is met for more than two time intervals (i.e., three consecutive measurement points) is it finally determined as the corresponding stage transition inflection point. or This dual confirmation mechanism improves the robustness and accuracy of stage division and effectively avoids misidentification caused by a single abnormal data point.

[0055] In step S400 above, the phased, hierarchical quantitative scoring was successfully identified in S300. and After the inflection point, the entire corrosion timeline is divided into: , and This process involves three stages. For each stage, different quantitative scoring functions are designed and used to provide a refined assessment of the degree of corrosion damage. At the end of each stage, a score is calculated. A higher score indicates less corrosion damage and better corrosion resistance.

[0056] Ion exchange-dominated stage ( - The scoring function for this stage of corrosion damage mainly manifests as the dissolution of ions from the network exosome and the formation of a surface hydration layer, without yet causing serious damage to the glass network itself. Therefore, the scoring primarily considers the two indicators that best reflect this process: charge transfer resistance (CTR). The decrease in gloss and gloss The decay of ) is represented by the scoring function for this stage: ,in, The score for the ion exchange-dominant stage is given, with a range of values. to , for Initial charge transfer resistance at time , for Constant charge transfer resistance, for Initial time Angular gloss for time Angular gloss and These are the weighting coefficients.

[0057] Hybrid control phase ( - The scoring function is used to assess the coexistence of ion exchange and network dissolution mechanisms at this stage, which accelerates the corrosion rate and causes significant changes in surface morphology. Therefore, the scoring incorporates three indicators that better reflect the interfacial corrosion rate and morphological changes: corrosion current density (…). ), surface roughness ( ) and total color difference ( The rate of change of ), the scoring function for this stage is: ,in, Scoring for the mixed control phase. for Constant corrosion current density, for Surface roughness at any time for Total color difference over time, conventional media , , Strong alkali (5% NaOH) , , .

[0058] Network dissolution-dominated phase ( - The scoring function for this stage is characterized by irreversible large-scale fracture and hydrolysis of the glaze glass network skeleton, which is the decisive stage leading to the loss of glaze function. Therefore, the scoring mainly focuses on the two indicators that most directly reflect the dissolution of the network skeleton: the dissolution concentration of Si element in the network-forming body and the surface roughness. As the number of cases continues to increase, the scoring function for this stage is: ,in, The scoring is based on the network dissolution-dominant phase. for The concentration of silicon leaching at any given time. for Surface roughness at any time, for conventional media: , Strong acid (5% HCl): , .

[0059] In step S500 above, the three stage scores obtained in S400 are weighted and summed to give a final score that comprehensively reflects the chemical corrosion resistance of the ceramic glaze throughout the entire corrosion process. Considering that different stages of the corrosion process contribute differently to the final performance of the glaze, and that irreversible network dissolution damage in the later stage is the most critical, this embodiment assigns different weight coefficients to different stages to comprehensively evaluate the chemical corrosion resistance performance. The calculation formula is: ,in, For the final overall score, , , Performance rating classification standard: Excellent: ;good: ;medium: Poor: ;Difference: .

[0060] This embodiment divides the corrosion process of ceramic glaze into three stages: ion exchange-dominated, mixing-controlled, and network dissolution-dominated. Different quantitative scoring functions are designed for the mechanistic characteristics of each stage, ensuring that the evaluation logic is completely consistent with the temporal evolution of the corrosion mechanism. This solves the problem of inaccurate results caused by the use of a uniform evaluation standard in existing methods. Furthermore, a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method is adopted, organically combining parameters from multiple dimensions such as electrochemical, optical, and chemical composition. The influence of different stages on the overall corrosion resistance is reflected through stage weight coefficients, making the final evaluation results more comprehensive, objective, and reliable, and accurately reflecting the true chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glaze.

[0061] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantitative evaluation method for the chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization, characterized in that, The steps of this method are as follows: S100. Sample preparation and pretreatment: Cut the ceramic glaze sample to be tested into a standard sample with a size of 50mm×50mm×5mm, ultrasonically clean it with anhydrous ethanol for 10min to remove surface oil and impurities, dry it in an oven at 105℃ for 2 hours, and cool it to room temperature for later use. S200, Accelerated Corrosion Test and Multi-Parameter Synchronous Acquisition: The pretreated standard sample is vertically suspended in a polytetrafluoroethylene container filled with corrosive medium. During the corrosion process, the standard sample is taken out at set time intervals, rinsed with deionized water, dried, and then electrochemical parameters, optical characteristic parameters and chemical composition parameters are collected synchronously. S300 Automatic Corrosion Stage Identification: The entire corrosion process is divided into three continuous stages: ion exchange-dominated stage, mixed control stage, and network dissolution-dominated stage. By monitoring the change curves of each parameter over time, the characteristic inflection points of stage transitions are identified, thus completing the identification of corrosion stages. S400, phased and hierarchical quantitative scoring: Different quantitative scoring functions are used to score the degree of corrosion damage based on the mechanism characteristics of each corrosion stage; S500 Comprehensive Chemical Corrosion Resistance Performance Evaluation: Based on the degree of influence of each stage on the overall chemical corrosion resistance performance of the glaze, different stage weight coefficients are assigned, and the scores of each stage are weighted and summed to obtain the final comprehensive chemical corrosion resistance performance score S.

2. The quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S200 test, the corrosive medium is a 5% hydrochloric acid solution or a 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and the test temperature is controlled at 25±1℃.

3. The quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S200, the time intervals are as follows: data is collected every 2 hours within 0-24 hours, data is collected every 6 hours within 24-72 hours, and data is collected every 12 hours within 72-168 hours.

4. The quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S200, the parameters synchronously acquired include: Electrochemical parameters: Charge transfer resistance measured using a three-electrode system Double-layer capacitors and corrosion current density ; Optical characteristic parameters: gloss at a 60° angle (G) measured using a gloss meter; surface arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) measured using a laser confocal microscope; and total color difference measured using a colorimeter. ; Chemical composition parameters: The leaching concentrations of silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na) in the corrosive medium were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

5. The quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S300, the inflection point from the ion exchange-dominated stage to the mixing-controlled stage is T1, and the inflection point from the mixing-controlled stage to the network dissolution-dominated stage is T2. The criteria for identifying the characteristic inflection points of the stage transitions are: When the rate of decrease of charge transfer resistance Rct is first < 0.5 kΩ·cm² / h and the rate of increase of double layer capacitance Cdl is first > 0.1 μF / cm² / h, it is determined to be the inflection point T1 of the transition from the ion exchange-dominated stage to the mixed control stage. When the growth rate of silicon (Si) dissolution concentration first exceeds twice the growth rate of calcium (Ca) dissolution concentration and the growth rate of surface arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) first exceeds 0.1 μm / h, it is determined to be the inflection point T2 of the transition from the mixing control stage to the network dissolution-dominated stage. When two inflection point identification conditions are met simultaneously and the duration exceeds two time intervals, it is ultimately determined to be a stage transition.

6. The quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S400, the quantitative scoring functions for different stages include: The scoring function for the ion exchange-dominated phase is: ,in, The initial charge transfer resistance, The charge transfer resistance at time T1, The initial 60° angle gloss level, The gloss level at a 60° angle at time T1. , The weighting coefficients for indicators in the ion exchange-dominant stage; The scoring function for the mixed control phase is: ,in, Let T1 be the corrosion current density. The corrosion current density at time T2. Let T1 be the surface arithmetic mean roughness. The surface roughness at time T2 is the arithmetic mean roughness. The total color difference at time T1 The total color difference at time T2 , , These are the weighting coefficients for the indicators in the mixed control phase. The scoring function for the network dissolution-dominant phase is: ,in, The concentration of silicon (Si) dissolved at time T2. This represents the concentration of silicon (Si) dissolved at time T3. The surface roughness at time T3 is the arithmetic mean roughness. , T3 represents the index weighting coefficient for the network dissolution-dominant stage, and T3 is the end time of the corrosion test.

7. The quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the corrosive medium is a 5% (v / v) hydrochloric acid solution, the weighting coefficient of the index for the network dissolution-dominant stage is adjusted to... , .

8. The quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the corrosive medium is a 5% sodium hydroxide solution, the weighting coefficient of the indicators in the mixed control stage is adjusted to... , .

9. The quantitative evaluation method for chemical corrosion resistance of ceramic glazes based on multi-index characterization according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S500, the comprehensive chemical corrosion resistance performance score is... ,in, , , This represents the stage weighting coefficient.

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