Sustainable operation regulation method for a river basin system based on combined water and sediment configuration

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for sustainable operation and regulation of watershed systems based on joint water and sediment configuration, belonging to the field of watershed system sustainable operation and regulation technology. The method includes: acquiring historical water and sediment data to determine the water and sediment supply capacity under different inflow and sediment conditions; constructing a sustainable operation and regulation model of the watershed system with the sustainable operation level as the objective function, quantifying the constraints of water and sediment demand for river flood control and sediment transport safety, socio-economic factors, and the ecological environment; solving the model using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to calculate the sustainable operation level, which is composed of the coordination degree between water and sediment relationships and the coupling coordination degree between the sustainable development levels of the socio-economic and ecological environments, and obtaining the optimal water and sediment configuration scheme. This invention, for the first time, treats water and sediment as joint resources, comprehensively considering their hazards, resource value, and functionality, quantifying and classifying water and sediment demand, achieving coordinated and sustainable development of the watershed's socio-economic and ecological environments, and providing a scientific regulation means for the sustainable operation of watershed systems.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sustainable operation regulation of a river basin system, and in particular to a sustainable operation regulation method for a river basin system based on water-sediment joint allocation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water resources are basic resources for social and economic development and are also a controlling factor for maintaining the health of the ecological environment. Sediment, as an important component of river ecosystems, plays a key role in riverbed stability, flood control safety, construction material supply, wetland shaping, and estuary land reclamation. Water and sediment are not only basic elements for the livelihood of residents, economic development, and ecological maintenance, but also have hazards, resources, and functions. Therefore, the spatial distribution of water and sediment in different regions and river sections, the proportional relationship between different departments and different times, and the coordination of the relationship between the two determine the level of sustainable operation of the river basin system.

[0003] At present, a large number of studies have been carried out on the comprehensive utilization and optimal allocation of water and sediment at home and abroad, mainly focusing on the following four aspects: 1. Local watershed soil and water conservation planning, focusing on reducing sediment into rivers; 2. Water-sediment joint regulation of reservoirs, focusing on the regulation and optimization of the spatial and temporal relationship between water and sediment; 3. Water and sediment transport distribution in irrigation areas, improving ecological, social, and economic benefits through engineering and non-engineering measures; 4. Optimal allocation of water and sediment in the whole river basin, focusing on reducing sediment and increasing water, improving water resource utilization efficiency, and optimizing the spatial and temporal distribution of water and sediment. Some scholars have carried out multi-objective optimization analysis on the ecological, social, and economic benefits of water and sediment regulation, and have preliminarily discussed the influence of water and sediment joint allocation in different regions of the Yellow River Basin (such as irrigation areas, reservoirs, downstream river channels, and estuary deltas) on the sustainable development of social economy and ecological environment.

[0004] However, existing researches still mainly focus on the separate regulation of sediment and water resources, and insufficient consideration is given to the resource and functional nature of sediment. Moreover, most of the researches are based on conceptual discussions and framework establishment, and lack of quantitative mathematical model support. The objective function and constraint conditions of water-sediment joint allocation are not clear, which restricts the accurate implementation of the sustainable operation regulation of the river basin system. Therefore, the present application proposes a sustainable operation regulation method for a river basin system based on water-sediment joint allocation, aiming at the sustainable development of social economy and ecological environment, and considering the graded water and sediment demand of river flood discharge and sediment transport safety, social economy, and ecological environment. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a sustainable operation regulation method for a river basin system based on water-sediment joint allocation.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application realizes the technical scheme as follows:

[0007] Methods for sustainable operation and regulation of watershed systems based on combined water and sediment configuration include:

[0008] Obtain historical water and sediment data from hydrological stations or river sections, and determine the water and sediment supply capacity under different inflow and sediment conditions;

[0009] A sustainable operation regulation model for the watershed system is constructed with the sustainable operation level of the watershed system as the objective function, and the constraints of the sustainable operation regulation model are quantified based on the water and sediment supply capacity. The sustainable operation level is obtained by the coordination of water and sediment relations in the watershed, as well as the coupling coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development. The constraints include: river channel flood and sediment transport safety constraints, socio-economic water and sediment demand constraints, and ecological environment water and sediment demand constraints.

[0010] The optimal water and sediment joint configuration scheme is obtained by solving the sustainable operation and regulation model of the watershed system using a multi-objective optimization algorithm.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the historical water and sediment data includes: runoff, flow, sediment transport, and sediment concentration of hydrological stations or river sections.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the different water and sediment inflow conditions include wet years, normal years, and dry years; the wet years, normal years, and dry years are determined by frequency analysis based on hydrological data in historical water and sediment data.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water-sediment relationship coordination in the basin includes the water-sediment coordination of river scouring and deposition, the water-sediment coordination of reservoir sediment discharge, and the water-sediment coordination of water and sediment transport.

[0014] The water-sediment relationship coordination in the basin is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] In the formula, For the coordination of water and sediment relations in the basin, This is a function for a comprehensive assessment method of the coordination between water and sediment in a watershed. For the coordination of water and sediment in riverbed erosion and siltation, For the water and sediment coordination of reservoir sediment discharge, Water-sediment coordination for water and sediment transport;

[0017] The water-sediment balance of riverbed erosion and deposition is:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, This represents the critical value for riverbed scouring and deposition. The calculated value for the river segment within the calculation period;

[0020] The water-sediment balance of reservoir sediment discharge is as follows:

[0021]

[0022] In the formula, This represents the maximum sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir. This represents the actual sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir during the calculation period;

[0023] The water-sediment transport coordination is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, The time when the sand peak appeared. This indicates the time when the flood peak occurs.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the degree of coupling and coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development is:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, This refers to the degree of coupling and coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological and environmental development. This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development. For the first The first computing unit The level of socio-economic sustainable development under the water-seed and sediment configuration For the first The first computing unit The level of sustainable ecological environment development under the configuration of water and sediment;

[0029] The level of sustainable socio-economic development is:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, To achieve a higher level of sustainable socio-economic development. This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable socio-economic development. To meet the water and sediment demand level, To enhance the capacity to provide social services and safeguard social security For economic output level;

[0032] The level of sustainable development of the ecological environment is:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, To achieve a higher level of sustainable development of the ecological environment, This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable development of the ecological environment. For the diversity of ecosystem types, Value of serving the ecosystem For the quality of the ecological environment.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expression for calculating the sustainable operating level of a watershed system is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, To ensure the sustainable operation level of the watershed system, and These are the weighting coefficients.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the river channel flood discharge and sediment transport safety constraints include: reservoir safety constraints, main channel flood discharge and sediment transport constraints, and shoal channel flood discharge and sediment transport constraints.

[0039] Reservoir safety constraints include reservoir water level safety constraints and reservoir sediment discharge safety constraints;

[0040] The safety constraints for reservoir water levels are as follows: in years with abundant water or normal water levels, the reservoir water level shall not be higher than the flood level; in years with low water levels, the reservoir water level shall not be lower than the dead water level.

[0041] The safety constraints for reservoir sediment discharge are:

[0042]

[0043] In the formula, This represents the actual sediment discharge from the reservoir during time period t. For the purpose of sand removal, for The amount of sand entering the reservoir during the period, for The amount of sand released from storage during the period;

[0044] The constraints on the main channel for flood and sediment transport include the main channel flow rate constraint and the main channel sedimentation constraint.

[0045] The main channel flow constraints are as follows: in wet years, the main channel flow shall not exceed the floodplain flow; in normal years, the main channel flow shall not be less than the sediment carrying capacity; and in dry years, the main channel flow shall be greater than zero.

[0046] The main tank siltation condition is constrained as follows:

[0047]

[0048] In the formula, The siltation situation in the main tank, For sand content, The sediment discharge ratio of the river channel;

[0049] The constraints for flood and sediment transport in the floodplain and channel are: the flow rate in the floodplain and channel shall not exceed the flow capacity of the floodplain and channel, and the flow rate in the floodplain and channel shall not be less than the sediment transport volume.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the socio-economic water and sediment demand constraints include: socio-economic water use constraints and socio-economic sediment use constraints.

[0051] Among them, socio-economic water use constraints include domestic water use constraints, industrial water use constraints, and agricultural water use constraints; socio-economic sand use constraints include construction sand use constraints and flood control sand use constraints.

[0052] The constraint on water use for socio-economic purposes is that the water supply for socio-economic purposes shall not be less than the rigid water consumption of socio-economic purposes.

[0053] The constraints for domestic water use are: domestic water supply shall not be less than the rigid domestic water demand; the constraints for industrial water use are: industrial water supply shall be greater than or not less than the rigid industrial water demand; and the constraints for agricultural water use are: agricultural water supply shall not be less than the rigid agricultural water demand.

[0054] The constraint on sand use for socio-economic purposes is that the amount of sand transported shall not be less than the rigid amount of sand used for socio-economic purposes.

[0055] The sand constraint for construction is:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, For sand mining volume, For cement production, A coefficient for calculating sand mining volume based on cement production;

[0058] The sand constraint for flood control is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, The amount of sand used for flood control The amount of sand used for silt removal and dike reinforcement The amount of sand used for dike construction, The amount of sand used for making flood control and disaster relief materials.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ecological environment water and sediment demand constraints include: ecological environment water use constraints and ecological environment sediment use constraints;

[0062] Among them, ecological and environmental water use constraints include water demand constraints for river ecological and environmental use and water demand constraints for land ecological and environmental use; ecological and environmental sand use constraints include sand demand constraints for river estuary ecological use, sand demand constraints for siltation and conversion of saline-alkali land, and sand demand constraints for coal mining subsidence area restoration.

[0063] The constraint on water use for ecological and environmental purposes is that the water supply for ecological and environmental purposes shall not be less than the rigid water use for ecological and environmental purposes.

[0064] The ecological water demand constraint for river channels is: the actual flow of the river section shall not be less than the minimum ecological flow of the river section;

[0065] The water demand constraint for the terrestrial ecological environment is:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, For the first Water demand of terrestrial vegetation ecosystems in each calculation unit For the first Ecological water use quotas for vegetation. For the calculation period Area of ​​vegetation;

[0068] The constraint on sand use for ecological environment is: the amount of sand transported for ecological environment shall not be less than the amount of sand required for ecological environment;

[0069] The ecological sediment requirement constraint for estuaries is: the ecological sediment requirement for estuaries shall not be less than the suitable ecological sediment requirement for estuaries;

[0070] The required amount of sand for converting saline-alkali land is constrained as follows:

[0071]

[0072] In the formula, The amount of sand required to transform saline-alkali land through siltation For the thickness of the sand mixture, This refers to the area of ​​saline-alkali land;

[0073] The sand requirement constraint for coal mining subsidence area restoration is:

[0074]

[0075] In the formula, The amount of sand required for filling and reclamation, This represents the volume of coal mining subsidence. This represents the average density of the sediment.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of solving the sustainable operation and regulation model of the watershed system using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal water and sediment joint configuration scheme includes:

[0077] S1. With the goal of maximizing the sustainable operation level of the watershed system, and with the constraints of river flood control and sediment transport safety, socio-economic water and sediment demand, and ecological environment water and sediment demand as objective constraints, the sustainable operation regulation model of the watershed system is driven by the elite retention non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and the non-dominated solution set of water and sediment optimal configuration that satisfies the optimal Pareto front for different objectives is obtained.

[0078] S2. Input all non-dominated solutions of water and sediment optimization configurations at the Pareto front into the sustainable operation and control model of the watershed system, and calculate the results of different indicators in the sustainable operation level of the watershed system. Use the maximum-minimum standardization method to make the calculation results dimensionless, and use the entropy weight method to determine the weight of each indicator. Multiply the weight of each indicator with the dimensionless calculation results by the weighted comprehensive evaluation function and sum them to obtain the sustainable operation level of the watershed system corresponding to each non-dominated solution of water and sediment optimization configuration, and use it as the comprehensive evaluation result.

[0079] S3. By comparing the comprehensive evaluation results of all non-dominated solutions of water and sediment optimization configuration on the Pareto front, the non-dominated solution of water and sediment optimization configuration with the largest comprehensive evaluation result is determined as the optimal water and sediment configuration scheme.

[0080] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, by considering water and sediment as two inseparable basic elements in a watershed system, it breaks through the limitations of traditional research that separately regulates water and sediment resources, fully reflecting the unity of the harmfulness, resource value, and functionality of water and sediment. Second, it quantifies the safety of river flood control and sediment transport, socio-economic water and sediment demands, and ecological water and sediment demands within the same framework. Through a tiered demand guarantee mechanism, it achieves effective control of the harmfulness of water and sediment, full utilization of water and sediment resources, and proactive shaping of water and sediment functionality. Third, it organically combines the coordination of water and sediment relationships within the river channel with the coupling coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological development in the watershed. This reflects both the natural laws of the river system and the synergistic development of human activities and ecological protection, providing a quantitative evaluation standard for the sustainable operation of the watershed. Finally, with the goal of maximizing the sustainable operation level of the watershed system, it obtains the non-dominated solution of water and sediment optimal allocation at the Pareto front through an elite-preserving non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and determines the optimal allocation scheme by combining the entropy weight method and a comprehensive evaluation function, providing an operable decision support tool for the scientific allocation of water and sediment resources in the watershed. Attached Figure Description

[0081] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein: Fig. 1 This is a flowchart of the watershed system sustainable operation and regulation method based on water and sediment joint configuration in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the hierarchical protection of water and sediment demand in a watershed based on inflow and sediment conditions in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 This is a framework diagram of a watershed system sustainable operation and regulation method based on water and sediment joint configuration in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0082] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0083] like Figs. 1-3 As shown, this is an embodiment of the present invention, which provides a method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration, including:

[0084] This embodiment mainly focuses on the Yellow River Basin, as detailed below:

[0085] S1. Obtain historical water and sediment data from hydrological stations or river sections, and determine the water and sediment supply capacity under different inflow and sediment conditions.

[0086] In this embodiment, the historical water and sediment data includes: runoff, flow, sediment transport, and sediment concentration of hydrological stations or river sections. The different water and sediment inflow conditions include wet years, normal years, and dry years; the wet years, normal years, and dry years are determined by frequency analysis based on the hydrological data in the historical water and sediment data.

[0087] Specifically, long-series measured data from various key hydrological stations were obtained through data such as the Yellow River Basin Water Resources Bulletin, the Yellow River Basin Sediment Bulletin, and the Yellow River Basin Hydrological Yearbook. This long-series measured data includes:

[0088] Runoff: The amount of water that flows through a year; the unit is 100 million cubic meters.

[0089] Flow rate: How much water flows per second; the unit is cubic meters per second.

[0090] Sediment transport volume: How much sediment is carried over in a year; the unit is 100 million tons.

[0091] Sediment content: How many kilograms of sediment are contained in each cubic meter of water; the unit is kilograms per cubic meter.

[0092] The aforementioned long series of measured data spans at least 30 years to reflect the long-term changing patterns of the Yellow River Basin.

[0093] Based on these long series of measured data, the years are divided into three categories: high-water years, normal-water years, and low-water years. The runoff for each year is sorted from largest to smallest, and the frequency corresponding to each runoff is calculated using a formula. :

[0094]

[0095] In the formula, It's a sorting number. This represents the total number of years.

[0096] Historical runoff frequency points were plotted on frequency graph paper, and a Pearson Type III curve was used for line fitting to obtain a frequency curve characterizing the runoff distribution pattern. Based on the frequency curve, three dividing points were derived, specifically:

[0097] High-water year: A year with a frequency of less than 37.5%, that is, a year with relatively large water volume.

[0098] Average water year: A year with a frequency between 37.5% and 62.5%, meaning that the water volume is close to the average.

[0099] Dry year: A year with a frequency greater than 62.5%, i.e. a year with relatively little water.

[0100] When determining the water and sediment supply capacity under different water and sediment inflow conditions, based on the already classified types of high-water, normal-water, and low-water years, and combined with the runoff and sediment transport sequences in historical water and sediment data, statistical analysis and quantitative assessment of water and sediment resources under each type of hydrological year are conducted.

[0101] First, regarding the conventional supply capacity, the runoff and sediment transport in similar years are statistically summarized, and their average or typical values ​​are calculated as benchmark values ​​for the available water and sediment capacity of the cross-section under the inflow conditions. Specifically, for wet years, the multi-year average runoff and average sediment transport are statistically analyzed to characterize the supply capacity under high water and sediment conditions; for normal and dry years, the corresponding water and sediment supply benchmarks are obtained using the same method as for wet years. These benchmarks reflect the water and sediment transport capacity of natural river channels without significant engineering intervention.

[0102] Secondly, considering unconventional supply capacity, that is, under the intervention of engineering measures such as flood resource utilization and reservoir regulation, the actual amount of water and sediment available for allocation may exceed the natural statistical value. At this time, it is necessary to combine factors such as reservoir scheduling rules, flood limit water level control, and sediment discharge ratio constraints to simulate the regulation process of the reservoir group under different inflow conditions, determine the downstream water and sediment discharge process after engineering regulation, and then obtain the upper limit of water and sediment for downstream allocation.

[0103] Ultimately, conventional and unconventional supply will be combined to form a water and sediment supply capacity function or threshold range for cross sections under different water and sediment inflow conditions. This will serve as the input boundary for the subsequent quantification and optimization of constraints in the construction of a sustainable operation and regulation model for the watershed system.

[0104] S2. Construct a sustainable operation control model for the watershed system with the sustainable operation level of the watershed system as the objective function, and quantify the constraints of the sustainable operation control model based on the water and sediment supply capacity; the sustainable operation level is obtained by the coordination of water and sediment relations in the watershed, and the coupling coordination degree between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development; the constraints include: river channel flood and sediment transport safety constraints, socio-economic water and sediment demand constraints, and ecological environment water and sediment demand constraints.

[0105] The sustainable operation and regulation model for watershed systems is constructed as a three-layer closed-loop structure, specifically including: Input layer: Core inputs include water and sediment supply capacity, long-term measured data, basic geographical boundaries of the watershed, and socio-economic development planning and ecological protection control requirements; Calculation layer: Includes modules for calculating the coordination of water and sediment relationships, the coupling coordination degree of socio-economic and ecological environment sustainable development, and a comprehensive evaluation module for the sustainable operation level of the watershed system, fully carrying out the quantitative calculation of the objective function; Output layer: Outputs the calculation results of the sustainable operation level of the watershed system corresponding to different water and sediment joint configuration schemes, providing a standardized computational carrier for subsequent multi-objective optimization solutions. This sustainable operation and regulation model framework is entirely anchored to the regulation logic of this invention based on the three major attributes of water and sediment hazards, resource utilization, and functionality, ensuring that every computational link serves the core objectives of water and sediment disaster prevention and control, resource utilization, and functional shaping.

[0106] In this embodiment, the water-sediment relationship coordination of the basin includes the water-sediment coordination of river scouring and deposition, the water-sediment coordination of reservoir sediment discharge, and the water-sediment coordination of water and sediment transport.

[0107] The water-sediment relationship coordination in the basin is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] In the formula, For the coordination of water and sediment relations in the basin, This is a function for a comprehensive assessment method of the coordination between water and sediment in a watershed. For the coordination of water and sediment in riverbed erosion and siltation, For the water and sediment coordination of reservoir sediment discharge, Water and sediment coordination for water and sediment transport.

[0110] Riverbed scouring and deposition can be assessed by calculating the critical value based on the algebraic relationship between sediment transport and runoff. The comparison between this critical value and the calculated value for a specific river section at a specific time period reflects the coordination of the water-sediment relationship in the river channel. The water-sediment coordination of riverbed scouring and deposition is as follows:

[0111]

[0112] In the formula, This represents the critical value for riverbed scouring and deposition. This represents the calculated value for the river segment within the calculation period.

[0113] The critical values ​​for riverbed scouring and deposition are determined based on long-term hydrological data and riverbed evolution analysis, taking the critical point of water-sediment combination when the river section is in a state of scouring and deposition equilibrium. The calculated values ​​for the river section within the calculation period are obtained based on measured water and sediment data, using the sediment transport rate method or the cross-sectional topography method; specifically, the actual scouring and deposition volume for that period is obtained by combining the difference in sediment transport volume between the inflow and outflow sections with the riverbed sediment discharge ratio or scouring and deposition volume calculation formula.

[0114] The water-sediment coordination of reservoir sediment discharge can be reflected by comparing the maximum sediment discharge ratio with the actual sediment discharge ratio. The water-sediment coordination of reservoir sediment discharge is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] In the formula, The maximum sediment discharge ratio of a reservoir is the ratio of the maximum possible amount of sediment leaving the reservoir to the amount of sediment entering the reservoir. This represents the actual sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir during the calculation period.

[0117] The coordination of water and sediment transport capacity can be represented by the difference between the timing of sediment peaks and flood peaks. The water-sediment coordination of water and sediment transport is as follows:

[0118]

[0119] In the formula, The time when the sand peak appeared. The time of the flood peak is determined by the measured process curve at the hydrological station. , The higher the value, the worse the water-sediment coordination.

[0120] The degree of coupling and coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development is:

[0121]

[0122] In the formula, This refers to the degree of coupling and coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological and environmental development. This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development. For the first The first computing unit The level of socio-economic sustainable development under the water-seed and sediment configuration For the first The first computing unit The level of sustainable development of the ecological environment under the configuration of water and sand.

[0123] The level of sustainable socio-economic development can be measured from three aspects: water and sediment supply and demand, social services, and economic output. The level of sustainable socio-economic development is defined as follows:

[0124]

[0125] In the formula, To achieve a higher level of sustainable socio-economic development. This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable socio-economic development. The supply-demand ratio of water and sediment is used to characterize the level of water and sediment demand satisfaction. The capacity to provide social services is represented by the population it supports; The level of economic output is represented by the supporting economic output value.

[0126] The level of sustainable development of the ecological environment can be measured from three aspects: ecosystem type, ecosystem service value, and ecological environment quality. The level of sustainable development of the ecological environment is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] In the formula, To achieve a higher level of sustainable development of the ecological environment, This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable development of the ecological environment. To represent the diversity of ecosystem types, based on high-resolution satellite imagery, supervised classification or normalized vegetation index was used to extract spatial distribution data of ecosystems such as forest land, grassland, wetland, and cultivated land in the Yellow River Basin; The value of ecosystem services is calculated using methods such as the equivalent factor method and the InVEST model. The quality of the ecological environment is characterized by water environment compliance rate, ecological environment quality index, etc.

[0129] The expression for calculating the sustainable operating level of a watershed system is:

[0130]

[0131] In the formula, To ensure the sustainable operation level of the watershed system, and These are the weighting coefficients.

[0132] In this embodiment, the safety constraints for river flood discharge and sediment transport include: reservoir safety constraints, main channel flood discharge and sediment transport constraints, and shoal channel flood discharge and sediment transport constraints.

[0133] Reservoir safety constraints include reservoir water level safety constraints and reservoir sediment discharge safety constraints. The reservoir water level safety constraints are as follows: in years with abundant water and years with normal water, the reservoir water level shall not be higher than the flood level; in years with low water, the reservoir water level shall not be lower than the dead water level; and these constraints shall be dynamically adjusted according to the frequency of water inflow and the reservoir operation rules.

[0134] The safety constraints for reservoir sediment discharge are:

[0135]

[0136] In the formula, This represents the actual sediment discharge from the reservoir during time period t. The sediment discharge target is set based on reservoir conditions to maintain the effective storage capacity of the reservoir. for The amount of sand entering the reservoir during the period, for The amount of sand released from the reservoir during the specified period.

[0137] The amount of sediment entering the reservoir is calculated based on the measured sediment transport rate and sediment concentration at the inlet hydrological station; the amount of sediment leaving the reservoir is determined based on measured data from the downstream river hydrological survey section or the spillway structure. Currently, major hydrological stations along the Yellow River main stream are equipped with online monitoring equipment such as photoelectric sediment meters to achieve real-time sediment concentration data collection under high sediment flow conditions. The actual sediment discharge from the reservoir is the difference between the outflow and inflow amounts; for periods where direct measurement is not possible, the actual sediment discharge is estimated using the sediment transport rate formula or by back-calculating from reservoir sedimentation survey results, such as topographic or cross-sectional methods.

[0138] The main channel's flood and sediment transport constraints include the main channel's flow constraints and the main channel's sedimentation constraints. The main channel's flow constraints are: in wet years, the main channel's flow should not exceed the floodplain flow; in normal years, the main channel's flow should not be less than the sediment-carrying capacity; and in dry years, the main channel's flow should be greater than zero.

[0139] The main tank siltation condition is constrained as follows:

[0140]

[0141] In the formula, The siltation situation in the main tank, For sand content, The sediment discharge ratio is the ratio of the sediment transport rate at the outlet section to the sediment inflow rate at the inflow section of a river (section). The formula for calculating the sediment transport rate is as follows:

[0142]

[0143] In the formula, The sediment transport rate; For traffic; The sediment content of the incoming water; For coefficients, , It is an exponent. Where, the coefficient... With index , Used to indirectly reflect the influence of river boundary conditions, coefficient It is mainly related to the cumulative scouring and sedimentation of the riverbed; index , It is mainly related to geometric factors such as the cross-sectional shape of the river channel and the distance along the course.

[0144] The main hydrological stations along the Yellow River have been equipped with cross-sections for measuring water level, flow rate, and sediment concentration, with increased monitoring frequency during the flood season. Sediment concentration is measured using horizontal samplers or online sediment analyzers, followed by drying and weighing. Flow rate is measured using a current meter or a mobile ADCP (Advanced Diffusion Probe) system. For reservoirs or river sections, the sediment concentration of the inflow is determined using data from the nearest upstream hydrological station; if there is no control station in the section, interpolation between upstream and downstream stations or estimation based on water-sediment relationship is used. Based on pre- and post-flood topographic surveys of fixed river sections, changes in cross-sectional area are compared to calculate sediment deposition. Simultaneously, the sediment deposition during the specified period is calculated based on the balance of inflow and outflow sediment (i.e., inflow sediment minus outflow sediment). These two methods are cross-checked to obtain the sediment deposition situation in the main channel.

[0145] The constraints on flood and sediment transport in the floodplain and channel are: the flow rate of the floodplain and channel shall not exceed the flow capacity of the floodplain and channel, and the flow rate of the floodplain and channel shall not be less than the sediment transport volume; wherein, the sediment transport volume refers to the amount of water required to transport all or part of a certain amount of sediment to the downstream or into the sea under certain water and sediment conditions and riverbed boundary conditions, and the flow capacity of the floodplain and channel is the maximum flood peak flow that can pass through each section along the course under the design flood level.

[0146] The aforementioned socio-economic water and sediment demand constraints include: socio-economic water use constraints and socio-economic sediment use constraints; and it is imperative to ensure the rigid water needs of each computing unit for domestic, industrial, and agricultural use, meet food security and energy security capabilities, and meet the minimum sediment extraction volume required for economic development.

[0147] Among them, socio-economic water use constraints include domestic water use constraints, industrial water use constraints, and agricultural water use constraints; socio-economic sand use constraints include construction sand use constraints and flood control sand use constraints.

[0148] The socio-economic water use constraint is as follows: the water supply for the socio-economic sector should not be less than the rigid water consumption; and the rigid water consumption must still be met even under dry conditions, the flexible water consumption should be met as much as possible under normal water conditions, and the surplus water for luxury water use, after meeting the rigid and flexible water consumption, should be guaranteed. The formula is:

[0149]

[0150] In the formula, For the first The water supply of each socioeconomic unit. For the first The rigid water consumption of a socio-economic unit.

[0151] The constraints for domestic water use are as follows: Domestic water supply must not be less than the rigid domestic water demand; the rigid domestic water demand can be calculated based on the lowest value in the domestic water quota for each region, combined with the total population and the domestic water supply guarantee rate. The constraints for industrial water use are as follows: Industrial water supply must be greater than or equal to the rigid industrial water demand; the rigid industrial water demand can be calculated based on the lowest value in the industrial water quota for each region, combined with industrial output or output value and the industrial water supply guarantee rate. The constraints for agricultural water use are as follows: Agricultural water supply must not be less than the rigid agricultural water demand; the rigid agricultural water demand can be calculated based on the lowest value in the agricultural water quota for each region, combined with the agricultural water supply guarantee rate.

[0152] The constraint on sand use for socio-economic purposes is that the amount of sand transported shall not be less than the rigid amount of sand used for socio-economic purposes.

[0153] The sand constraint for construction is:

[0154]

[0155] In the formula, For sand mining volume, For cement production, The coefficient for calculating sand mining volume based on cement production is set at [1:1.19, 1:1.82]. 1:1.19 is the lower limit of the cement to sand ratio, and 1:1.82 is the average cement to sand ratio.

[0156] Cement production figures were obtained based on relevant regional documents, industrial output value conversion, or interpolation using data from surveys of typical enterprises.

[0157] The sand constraint for flood control is as follows:

[0158]

[0159] In the formula, The amount of sand used for flood control The amount of sand used for silt removal and dike reinforcement The amount of sand used for dike construction, The amount of sand used for making flood control and disaster relief materials.

[0160] The amount of sediment used for flood control refers to the total annual or periodic sediment required to ensure flood control safety in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and its major tributaries, derived from relevant official documents and special research reports. For example, existing research indicates that 1.61 billion tons of sediment will be needed for flood control safety in the Yellow River over the next 50 years, which can serve as a basis for medium- and long-term total volume control. The amount of sediment used for siltation and dike reinforcement refers to the amount of sediment required to reinforce dikes through siltation from the Yellow River, determined according to the design documents for the dike reinforcement project in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Specific calculations are based on the length, width, and design siltation height of the siltation area, using the cross-sectional method or topographic method to calculate the volume of silted soil, which is then converted to dry sand weight. The amount of sediment used for dike construction refers to the sand material required for dike filling, calculated according to dike engineering design standards and annual construction plans. The amount of sediment used for flood control and disaster relief material production refers to the amount of sediment used for flood control and disaster relief materials such as woven bagged sand and sand-gravel filter media. Based on relevant documents issued by the Yellow River Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters and the list of flood control material reserves, the reserve of emergency rescue materials is determined; combined with statistics of historical emergency rescue cases, the sand quota per unit length for various types of emergencies, such as seepage, piping, and collapse, is estimated, and the annual or flood season emergency rescue sand demand is estimated.

[0161] The constraints on ecological and environmental water and sediment demand include: ecological and environmental water use constraints and ecological and environmental sediment use constraints; among which, ecological and environmental water use constraints include ecological and environmental water demand constraints for rivers and ecological and environmental water demand constraints for land; ecological and environmental sediment use constraints include ecological sediment demand constraints for river mouths, sediment demand constraints for siltation and conversion of saline-alkali land, and sediment demand constraints for the restoration of coal mining subsidence areas.

[0162] Ecological and environmental water use constraints are defined as follows: the water supply to the ecological environment shall not be less than the rigid water use for the ecological environment. Ecological and environmental water use includes two main categories: water within river channels and water on land. Ecological and environmental water use constraints are determined using methods such as policy documents and quota estimations, or directly from the research findings of relevant scholars. For example, the annual ecological water demand of estuaries, aimed at wetland maintenance and the survival of river and near-shore fish, is 8.6 billion m³. 3 .

[0163] The water demand constraint for river ecological environment is: the actual flow of the river section shall not be less than the minimum ecological flow of the river section; the water demand constraint for land ecological environment is:

[0164]

[0165] In the formula, For the first Water demand of terrestrial vegetation ecosystem per unit, in m³ 3 , The ecological water quota for the j-th vegetation is given in units of , This represents the area of ​​vegetation in the j-th period, in units of... or m 3 .

[0166] The vegetation area is based on remote sensing imagery, such as Landsat and MODIS interpretation, which extracts the spatial distribution of forests and grasslands in the Yellow River Basin, and is dynamically updated in conjunction with annual land use survey data. The ecological water use quota for vegetation is determined based on relevant industry standards, referencing measured evapotranspiration data from ecological stations in the Yellow River Basin and literature research findings. The water demand of terrestrial vegetation ecosystems is calculated using a quota method, which involves multiplying the area of ​​each vegetation type by its water use quota and summing the results. If necessary, precipitation replenishment is deducted and converted into ecological water shortage. The calculation results are then verified and corrected against actual evapotranspiration monitoring data from the basin.

[0167] The constraint on sediment use for ecological environment is: the sediment transport volume for ecological environment shall not be less than the rigid sediment use volume for ecological environment; the formula is:

[0168]

[0169] In the formula, For the first The amount of sediment transported in the ecological environment of each calculation unit. For the first The rigid sand consumption of the ecological environment of each calculation unit.

[0170] The constraint on estuarine ecological sediment demand is: the estuarine ecological sediment demand should not be lower than the suitable ecological sediment demand of the estuary; specifically, the estuarine ecological sediment demand is based on the suitable ecological sediment demand in existing studies. For example, taking into account siltation for land reclamation, maintenance of biological habitats, and nutrient transport, the suitable ecological sediment demand for estuarine areas is 240 million tons.

[0171] The amount of sand required for converting saline-alkali land through siltation can be calculated based on the area of ​​the saline-alkali land and the thickness of the sand mixing during the siltation process; the constraint on the amount of sand required for converting saline-alkali land through siltation is as follows:

[0172]

[0173] In the formula, The amount of sand required to transform saline-alkali land through siltation For the thickness of the sand mixture, The area represents the saline-alkali land area. This area was obtained through multispectral remote sensing imagery, using supervised classification or salinity index extraction to determine the spatial distribution of saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Basin. There are two methods for calculating the sand-mixing thickness: one is based on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the target soil for saline-alkali land improvement, and the other is based on the porosity of the target soil. The formula for calculating the sand-mixing thickness based on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the target soil for saline-alkali land improvement is as follows:

[0174]

[0175] In the formula, The thickness of the sand mixture after improving the target soil's saturated hydraulic conductivity is given, in cm. The saturated hydraulic conductivity of the target soil for saline-alkali land improvement is expressed in m / s.

[0176] Among them, the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the target soil for saline-alkali land improvement was determined by collecting typical saline-alkali land soil samples from the Yellow River Basin and using the ring cutter method or the constant head method in the laboratory.

[0177] Based on the target soil porosity for saline-alkali land improvement, the formula for calculating the sand mixing thickness is as follows:

[0178]

[0179] In the formula, The thickness of the sand mixture after improving the porosity of the target soil is shown in cm. To improve the porosity of target soils in saline-alkali land, undisturbed soil samples were collected from typical saline-alkali lands in the Yellow River Basin, and the total porosity of the soil was determined using the ring cutter method.

[0180] The sand requirement constraint for coal mining subsidence area restoration is:

[0181]

[0182] In the formula, The amount of sand required for filling and reclamation, This represents the volume of coal mining subsidence. This represents the average density of the sediment.

[0183] The coal mining subsidence volume is calculated by multiplying coal production, coal bulk density, and subsidence coefficient. The annual raw coal production is taken from the Energy Statistics Yearbook, the subsidence coefficient is determined based on the coal mining method and rock movement observation data, and the coal bulk density is 1.4 t / m³. The average sediment density is based on measured data from the Yellow River Sediment Bulletin, with values ​​taken from the upper, middle, and lower reaches.

[0184] The hierarchical quantification logic of the socio-economic water and sediment demand constraints and the ecological environment water and sediment demand constraints mentioned above in this embodiment is as follows: Fig. 2 As shown, based on different water and sediment inflow conditions, the system classifies the sediment for domestic, industrial, and agricultural water use, construction, flood control, as well as for river and land surface ecological water use, estuary ecology, siltation and saline-alkali land improvement, and coal mining subsidence area restoration into rigid (must be guaranteed), flexible (as much as possible), and luxurious (surplus guarantee) graded guarantee standards. This is the core visual basis for quantifying such constraints.

[0185] S4. Solve the sustainable operation and regulation model of the watershed system using a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal water and sediment joint configuration scheme.

[0186] In this embodiment, the step of solving the sustainable operation and regulation model of the watershed system using a multi-objective optimization algorithm and obtaining the optimal water and sediment joint configuration scheme includes:

[0187] S41. With the goal of maximizing the sustainable operation level of the watershed system, and with the constraints of river flood control and sediment transport safety, socio-economic water and sediment demand, and ecological environment water and sediment demand as objective constraints, the sustainable operation regulation model of the watershed system is driven by the elite retention non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and the non-dominated solution set of water and sediment optimal configuration that satisfies the optimal Pareto front for different objectives is obtained.

[0188] S42. Input all non-dominated solutions of water and sediment optimization configurations at the Pareto front into the sustainable operation and control model of the watershed system, and calculate the calculation results of different indicators in the sustainable operation level of the watershed system. Use the maximum-minimum standardization method to perform dimensionless processing on the calculation results, and use the entropy weight method to determine the weight of each indicator. Multiply the weight of each indicator with the dimensionless calculation results through the weighted comprehensive evaluation function and sum them to obtain the sustainable operation level of the watershed system corresponding to each non-dominated solution of water and sediment optimization configuration, and use it as the comprehensive evaluation result.

[0189] S43. By comparing the comprehensive evaluation results of all non-dominated solutions of water and sediment optimization configuration on the Pareto front, the non-dominated solution of water and sediment optimization configuration with the largest comprehensive evaluation result is determined as the optimal water and sediment configuration scheme.

[0190] Specifically, with maximizing the sustainable operation level of the watershed system as the core optimization objective, and with the constraints of river flood control and sediment transport safety, socio-economic water and sediment demand, and ecological environment water and sediment demand as the feasible domain boundary conditions of the model, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed, and the decision variables are the water and sediment distribution of each calculation unit in different time periods.

[0191] The multi-objective optimization model is iteratively solved using a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elitist strategy. The algorithm evolves the population step by step through genetic operations, specifically by randomly generating an initial solution set, where each solution in the initial solution set represents a water-sand configuration scheme.

[0192] Based on the objective function values—namely, the coordination of water and sediment relations, the level of sustainable socio-economic development, and the level of sustainable ecological environment development—individuals in the population are stratified to determine non-dominated levels. Within the same non-dominated level, the crowding distance between individuals is calculated to maintain solution diversity. A tournament selection process is performed based on the non-dominated level and crowding distance, followed by simulated binary crossover and polynomial mutation to generate the offspring population. Parents and offspring are merged, and non-dominated sorting and crowding calculations are performed. The top N individuals are selected to enter the next generation, ensuring that excellent solutions are not lost. This process is repeated until the preset maximum number of generations or convergence condition is reached, ultimately generating a Pareto optimal solution set, i.e., a non-dominated solution set.

[0193] Each of the non-dominated solutions generated above on the Pareto front is input into the sustainable operation and control model of the watershed system, and the sub-indicators corresponding to each solution are calculated. These sub-indicators include:

[0194] The coordination of water and sediment relations in a watershed is comprehensively composed of the coordination of river channel scouring and deposition, reservoir sediment discharge, and water and sediment transport; the level of sustainable socio-economic development is comprehensively composed of the level of water and sediment demand satisfaction, social service guarantee capacity, and economic benefit output; the level of sustainable ecological and environmental development is comprehensively composed of the ecosystem area, ecosystem service value, and ecological and environmental quality.

[0195] To eliminate the impact of differences in dimensions and orders of magnitude of different sub-indicators on the comprehensive evaluation, the maximum-minimum standardization method is used to perform dimensionless processing on the calculation results of each sub-indicator, mapping all sub-indicator values ​​to the [0,1] interval.

[0196] Based on this, the entropy weight method is used to determine the objective weights of each sub-indicator. The smaller the entropy value, the greater the degree of variation of the indicator among different non-dominated solutions, the more decision-making information it provides, and the greater its weight. Finally, a weighted comprehensive evaluation function is constructed, which multiplies the weights of each sub-indicator by their standardized values ​​and then sums them to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of the sustainable operation level of the watershed system corresponding to each non-dominated solution. This comprehensive evaluation value serves as the final score of the non-dominated solution scheme, reflecting the overall performance of the scheme in balancing the three objectives of water and sediment coordination, socio-economic development, and ecological environmental protection.

[0197] By comparing the comprehensive evaluation values ​​of all non-dominated solutions on the Pareto front, the solution with the largest comprehensive evaluation value is selected as the optimal water and sediment allocation scheme. This scheme, while satisfying all rigid constraints—namely, flood control and sediment transport safety constraints, socio-economic rigid water and sediment constraints, and ecological environmental rigid water and sediment constraints—achieves optimal synergy in the following three aspects: riverbed scouring and sedimentation, reservoir sediment discharge, and water and sediment transport reach an optimal matching state; within the water and sediment supply capacity, it maximizes the satisfaction of domestic, industrial, and agricultural water use, as well as sediment demand for construction and flood control; and within the supply capacity, it maximizes the satisfaction of river ecological flow, land surface ecological water use, estuary ecological sediment demand, and sediment demand for saline-alkali land improvement and coal mining subsidence area restoration.

[0198] In this embodiment, the visualization framework diagram of the watershed system sustainable operation and regulation method based on water and sediment joint configuration is as follows: Fig. 3 As shown.

[0199] In summary, this invention considers water and sediment as two inseparable fundamental elements in a watershed system, breaking through the limitations of traditional research that separately regulates water and sediment resources, and fully reflecting the unity of the harmfulness, resourcefulness, and functionality of water and sediment. For the first time, it quantifies the safety of river flood control and sediment transport, socio-economic water and sediment demands, and ecological water and sediment demands within the same framework. Through a tiered guarantee mechanism of rigid and flexible demands, it achieves effective control of the harmfulness of water and sediment, full utilization of water and sediment resources, and proactive shaping of water and sediment functionality. It organically combines the coordination of water and sediment relationships within the river channel with the coupling coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological development. This method reflects both the natural laws of the watershed system and the synergistic development of human activities and ecological protection, providing a quantitative evaluation standard for the sustainable operation of the watershed. With the goal of maximizing the level of sustainable operation, it obtains the Pareto optimal solution set through a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite strategy (NSGA-II), and determines the optimal configuration scheme by combining the entropy weight method and a weighted comprehensive evaluation function. This method fully considers the game and trade-offs among multiple objectives, providing an operable decision support tool for the scientific allocation of water and sediment resources in a watershed. It offers theoretical methods and technical pathways for the sustainable operation and regulation of watersheds and similar sediment-laden rivers, possessing significant theoretical value and promising engineering applications.

[0200] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product, which includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions according to this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another.

[0201] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. This storage medium can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc.

[0202] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for sustainable operation and regulation of watershed systems based on combined water and sediment configuration, characterized in that, include: Obtain historical water and sediment data from hydrological stations or river sections, and determine the water and sediment supply capacity under different inflow and sediment conditions; A sustainable operation and regulation model for the watershed system is constructed with the sustainable operation level of the watershed system as the objective function, and the constraints of the sustainable operation and regulation model are quantified based on the water and sediment supply capacity. The sustainable operation level is obtained by the coordination of water and sediment relations in the watershed, as well as the coupling coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development. The constraints include: river channel flood control and sediment transport safety constraints, socio-economic water and sediment demand constraints, and ecological environment water and sediment demand constraints. The optimal water and sediment joint configuration scheme is obtained by solving the sustainable operation and regulation model of the watershed system using a multi-objective optimization algorithm.

2. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The historical water and sediment data include: runoff, flow, sediment transport, and sediment concentration at hydrological stations or river sections.

3. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The different water and sediment inflow conditions include wet years, normal years, and dry years; the wet years, normal years, and dry years are determined by frequency analysis based on hydrological data in historical water and sediment data.

4. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-sediment relationship coordination in the basin includes the water-sediment coordination of river scouring and deposition, the water-sediment coordination of reservoir sediment discharge, and the water-sediment coordination of water and sediment transport. The water-sediment relationship coordination in the basin is as follows: ； In the formula, For the coordination of water and sediment relations in the basin, This is a function for a comprehensive assessment method of the coordination between water and sediment in a watershed. For the coordination of water and sediment in riverbed erosion and siltation, For the water and sediment coordination of reservoir discharge, Water-sediment coordination for water and sediment transport; The water-sediment balance of riverbed erosion and deposition is: ； In the formula, This represents the critical value for riverbed scouring and deposition. The calculated value for the river segment within the calculation period; The water-sediment balance of reservoir sediment discharge is: ； In the formula, This represents the maximum sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir. This represents the actual sediment discharge ratio of the reservoir during the calculation period; The water-sediment transport coordination is as follows: ； In the formula, The time when the sand peaks appeared. This indicates the time when the flood peak occurs.

5. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 4, characterized in that, The degree of coupling and coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development is: ； In the formula, This refers to the degree of coupling and coordination between the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological and environmental development. This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable socio-economic development and the level of sustainable ecological environment development. For the first The first computing unit The level of socio-economic sustainable development under the water-seed and sediment configuration For the first The first computing unit The level of sustainable ecological environment development under the configuration of water and sand; The level of sustainable socio-economic development is: ； In the formula, To achieve a higher level of sustainable socio-economic development. This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable socio-economic development. To meet the water and sediment demand level, To enhance social service capabilities For economic output level; The level of sustainable development of the ecological environment is: ； In the formula, To improve the level of sustainable development of the ecological environment, This is a function for evaluating the level of sustainable development of the ecological environment. For the diversity of ecosystem types, Value of serving the ecosystem For the quality of the ecological environment.

6. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 5, characterized in that, The expression for calculating the sustainable operating level of a watershed system is: ； In the formula, To ensure the sustainable operation level of the watershed system, and These are the weighting coefficients.

7. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 3, characterized in that, The aforementioned safety constraints for flood control and sediment transport in river channels include: reservoir safety constraints, main channel flood control and sediment transport constraints, and flood control and sediment transport constraints in shoals and channels. Reservoir safety constraints include reservoir water level safety constraints and reservoir sediment discharge safety constraints; The safety constraints for reservoir water levels are as follows: in years with abundant water or normal water levels, the reservoir water level shall not be higher than the flood level; in years with low water levels, the reservoir water level shall not be lower than the dead water level. The safety constraints for reservoir sediment discharge are: ； In the formula, This represents the actual sediment discharge from the reservoir during time period t. For the purpose of sand removal, for The amount of sand entering the reservoir during the period, for The amount of sand released from storage during the period; The constraints on the main channel for flood and sediment transport include the main channel flow rate constraint and the main channel sedimentation constraint. The main channel flow constraints are as follows: in wet years, the main channel flow shall not exceed the floodplain flow; in normal years, the main channel flow shall not be less than the sediment carrying capacity; and in dry years, the main channel flow shall be greater than zero. The main tank siltation condition is constrained as follows: ； In the formula, The siltation situation in the main tank, For sand content, The sediment discharge ratio of the river channel; The constraints for flood and sediment transport in the floodplain and channel are: the flow rate in the floodplain and channel shall not exceed the flow capacity of the floodplain and channel, and the flow rate in the floodplain and channel shall not be less than the sediment transport volume.

8. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned socio-economic water and sediment demand constraints include: socio-economic water use constraints and socio-economic sediment use constraints. Among them, socio-economic water use constraints include domestic water use constraints, industrial water use constraints, and agricultural water use constraints; socio-economic sand use constraints include construction sand use constraints and flood control sand use constraints. The constraint on water use for socio-economic purposes is that the water supply for socio-economic purposes shall not be less than the rigid water consumption of socio-economic purposes. The constraints for domestic water use are: domestic water supply shall not be less than the rigid domestic water demand; the constraints for industrial water use are: industrial water supply shall be greater than or not less than the rigid industrial water demand; and the constraints for agricultural water use are: agricultural water supply shall not be less than the rigid agricultural water demand. The constraint on sand use for socio-economic purposes is that the amount of sand transported shall not be less than the rigid amount of sand used for socio-economic purposes. Sand constraints for construction are: ； In the formula, For sand mining volume, For cement production, A coefficient for calculating sand mining volume based on cement production; The sand constraint for flood control is as follows: ； In the formula, The amount of sand used for flood control The amount of sand used for silt removal and dike reinforcement The amount of sand used for dike construction, The amount of sand used for making flood control and disaster relief materials.

9. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological environment water and sediment demand constraints include: ecological environment water use constraints and ecological environment sediment use constraints; Among them, ecological and environmental water use constraints include water demand constraints for river ecological and environmental use and water demand constraints for land ecological and environmental use; ecological and environmental sand use constraints include sand demand constraints for river estuary ecological use, sand demand constraints for siltation and conversion of saline-alkali land, and sand demand constraints for coal mining subsidence area restoration. The constraint on water use for ecological and environmental purposes is that the water supply for ecological and environmental purposes shall not be less than the rigid water use for ecological and environmental purposes. The ecological water demand constraint for river channels is: the actual flow of the river section shall not be less than the minimum ecological flow of the river section; The water demand constraint for the terrestrial ecological environment is: ； In the formula, For the first Water demand of terrestrial vegetation ecosystems in each calculation unit For the first Ecological water use quotas for vegetation. For the calculation period Area of ​​vegetation; The constraint on sand use for ecological environment is: the amount of sand transported for ecological environment shall not be less than the amount of sand required for ecological environment; The ecological sediment requirement constraint for estuaries is: the ecological sediment requirement for estuaries shall not be less than the suitable ecological sediment requirement for estuaries; The required sand volume for converting saline-alkali land is as follows: ； In the formula, The amount of sand required to transform saline-alkali land through siltation For the thickness of the sand mixture, This refers to the area of ​​saline-alkali land; The sand requirement constraint for coal mining subsidence area restoration is: ； In the formula, The amount of sand required for filling and reclamation, This represents the volume of coal mining subsidence. This represents the average density of the sediment.

10. The method for sustainable operation and regulation of a watershed system based on combined water and sediment configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optimal water and sediment joint configuration scheme is obtained by solving the sustainable operation and regulation model of the watershed system through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, including: S1. With the goal of maximizing the sustainable operation level of the watershed system, and with the constraints of river flood control and sediment transport safety, socio-economic water and sediment demand, and ecological environment water and sediment demand as objective constraints, the sustainable operation regulation model of the watershed system is driven by the elite retention non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, and the non-dominated solution set of water and sediment optimal configuration that satisfies the optimal Pareto front for different objectives is obtained. S2. Input all non-dominated solutions of water and sediment optimization configurations at the Pareto front into the sustainable operation and control model of the watershed system, and calculate the results of different indicators in the sustainable operation level of the watershed system. Use the maximum-minimum standardization method to make the calculation results dimensionless, and use the entropy weight method to determine the weight of each indicator. Multiply the weight of each indicator with the dimensionless calculation results by the weighted comprehensive evaluation function and sum them to obtain the sustainable operation level of the watershed system corresponding to each non-dominated solution of water and sediment optimization configuration, and use it as the comprehensive evaluation result. S3. By comparing the comprehensive evaluation results of all non-dominated solutions of water and sediment optimization configuration on the Pareto front, the non-dominated solution of water and sediment optimization configuration with the largest comprehensive evaluation result is determined as the optimal water and sediment configuration scheme.

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