A power generation and energy storage pedal and circuit thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a power generation and energy storage pedal and a circuit thereof, and relates to the technical field of bicycle power generation. The pedal comprises a pedal frame, a cover plate and a pedal power generation and energy storage circuit arranged in the pedal frame. The circuit comprises a generator, a rectifier bridge, a capacitor module, a total control switch, a current-limiting resistor and a DC-DC voltage boosting unit. The output end of the generator is connected to the AC input end of the rectifier bridge. The output end of the rectifier bridge is connected to the capacitor module through a parallel connection of a voltage stabilizing clamping element for power storage. The output end of the capacitor module is divided into two paths through the total control switch, one of which is connected to a warning lamp group through the current-limiting resistor, and the other of which is connected to the DC-DC voltage boosting unit, and the output end of the DC-DC voltage boosting unit is provided with a power supply interface. The warning lamp group and the total control switch are arranged on the side surface of the pedal frame. The application can generate power through riding and store energy by using a capacitor, and can continuously supply power after the pedal stops, so that the range anxiety is avoided and the safety is ensured. The warning lamp group can realize lateral omnidirectional warning. The application has the advantages of small riding resistance, long energy storage life, safety and reliability and all-weather application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of bicycle power generation, and more particularly to a power generation and energy storage pedal and its circuit. Background Technology

[0002] With the popularization of the concept of low-carbon travel, nighttime cycling has become an important way of urban commuting and leisure exercise. To ensure safety, cyclists generally install headlights on the front of their bikes and warning lights on the rear, both of which rely on power banks. However, existing solutions have the following drawbacks: Battery anxiety: The lights consume power continuously, and once the power bank runs out of power, the vehicle will lose its lighting and warning functions when riding at night, posing a significant safety hazard.

[0003] Increased resistance due to power generation: Most bicycle power generation devices currently sold on the market convert kinetic energy into electrical energy by using a generator built into the hub. This type of bicycle power generation device will significantly increase riding resistance and increase the perceived physical burden, which is contrary to the concept of green and light riding.

[0004] Wiring issues: How to smoothly transmit the electricity generated by the generator to the headlights installed at the front of the vehicle and the warning lights installed at the rear of the vehicle is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved.

[0005] Limited energy storage methods: Most existing bicycle power generation devices use lithium batteries as energy storage components. Lithium batteries have problems such as limited charge and discharge cycles, poor low-temperature performance, fire risk, and the need for complex charging management circuits.

[0006] Insufficient warning function: Most existing bicycle warning lights are located at the rear of the vehicle, which has a weak warning capability in the side direction and cannot effectively remind vehicles and pedestrians on the side.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power-generating and energy-storing pedal and its circuitry that can continuously and stably provide power to lights and warning lights without affecting the riding experience, and solve the aforementioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a power generation and energy storage pedal and its circuit, which can continuously and stably provide power to the lights and warning lights without affecting the riding experience, and has excellent energy storage performance and good lateral warning effect.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this invention is as follows: A foot-operated power generation and energy storage circuit is characterized by comprising a generator, a rectifier bridge, a capacitor module, a master control switch, a current-limiting resistor, and a DC-DC boost unit; the output terminal of the generator is connected to the AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge; a voltage-regulating clamping element is connected in parallel between the positive and negative output terminals of the rectifier bridge; the positive output terminal of the rectifier bridge is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor module; the negative output terminal of the rectifier bridge and the negative terminal of the capacitor module are grounded together; the positive output terminal of the capacitor module is connected to one end of the master control switch; the other end of the master control switch is connected to one end of a warning light assembly and the input terminal of the DC-DC boost unit; the other end of the warning light assembly is grounded through the current-limiting resistor; the output terminal of the DC-DC boost unit outputs a constant DC voltage, and the output terminal of the DC-DC boost unit is connected to a power supply interface.

[0010] Furthermore, the warning light group includes a left warning light, a right warning light, and a rear warning light connected in parallel. The positive terminals of the three warning lights are all connected to the output terminal of the main control switch, and the negative terminals of the three warning lights are connected in series with the current-limiting resistor to ground.

[0011] Furthermore, the capacitor module is a lithium-ion energy storage capacitor.

[0012] A power generation and energy storage foot pedal includes a pedal frame and a cover plate for sealing the pedal frame. It is characterized by further including a foot pedal power generation and energy storage circuit as described above; the generator, rectifier bridge, capacitor module, current-limiting resistor, and DC-DC boost unit are all disposed within the pedal frame; the warning light assembly and master control switch are disposed on the side of the pedal frame.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a crank, a connecting shaft, a first conductive slip ring, and a second conductive slip ring; the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the pedal frame, and the end of the connecting shaft away from the pedal frame is fixedly connected to the crank; the connecting shaft is a hollow connecting shaft, on which a fixed gear is sleeved; the first rotating gear is located at the input end of the generator and meshes with the fixed gear; the generator, rectifier bridge, capacitor module, master control switch, current limiting resistor and DC-DC boost unit, warning light group, and pedal frame all rotate synchronously around the connecting shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, the rotating end of the first conductive slip ring is fixedly connected to the pedal frame and rotates synchronously with the pedal frame, and the rotating end of the first conductive slip ring is electrically connected to the rectifier bridge through a wire; the stationary end of the first conductive slip ring is synchronously set with the connecting shaft, and the wire led out from the stationary end of the first conductive slip ring passes through the connecting shaft and is electrically connected to the rotating end of the second conductive slip ring; the rotating end of the second conductive slip ring is connected to the end of the crank away from the pedal frame, and the stationary end of the second conductive slip ring is used to connect to the bottom sleeve of the frame, and the stationary end of the second conductive slip ring is connected to a power supply interface.

[0015] Furthermore, an intermediate gear is provided between the fixed gear and the first rotating gear, the fixed gear meshing with the intermediate gear, and the first rotating gear meshing with the intermediate gear.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a first bearing, a second bearing, and a bearing nut; the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the pedal frame through the cooperation of the first bearing and the second bearing; the stationary end of the first conductive slip ring is connected to the connecting shaft through the bearing nut, so as to achieve synchronous setting with the connecting shaft.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a light-transmitting plate, which is installed on the side of the pedal frame, and the warning light assembly is installed on the inside of the light-transmitting plate.

[0018] Furthermore, the edge of the pedal frame is provided with a groove, and the edge of the cover plate is provided with a corresponding boss. The boss is embedded in the groove, and the groove is filled with sealant or a sealing ring.

[0019] The principle of this technical solution is as follows: During riding, the crank and connecting shaft rotate 360 ​​degrees around the bottom bracket sleeve of the bicycle frame. The connecting shaft itself does not rotate. The pedal frame and its internal components, including the generator, rectifier bridge, capacitor module, master switch, current-limiting resistor, DC-DC boost unit, and side warning lights, all revolve synchronously around the connecting shaft. Simultaneously, the fixed gear on the connecting shaft remains stationary, while the rotating gear at the generator input meshes with the fixed gear during the pedal frame's revolution, causing it to rotate and drive the generator rotor to generate electricity. The alternating current generated by the generator is converted into pulsating direct current by the rectifier bridge and input to the capacitor module for energy storage. When the master switch is closed, the capacitor module releases energy, one path driving the warning lights through the current-limiting resistor, and the other path boosting the voltage to a constant voltage through the DC-DC boost unit to power the headlights and taillights, or powering external devices via a USB interface.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this technical solution are as follows: I. The effects of innovation in power generation and supply methods This invention generates electricity during cycling to directly power warning lights and external devices, fundamentally solving the battery anxiety problem associated with traditional power banks. Cyclists no longer need to worry about lights or mobile devices running out of power; they can continuously obtain power as long as they continue cycling, ensuring uninterrupted lighting and warning functions during nighttime riding. Furthermore, by placing the generator inside the pedal frame, utilizing the kinetic energy of pedaling motion, it avoids the significant increase in riding resistance caused by traditional hub-integrated generators. Because the generator is located within the pedal—a component that moves with cycling—the generated electromagnetic resistance torque acts only on the pedal, not directly on the wheel. Cyclists experience almost no additional resistance during pedaling, truly achieving continuous and stable power generation without affecting the riding experience.

[0021] II. The significant effects of capacitor energy storage This invention uses lithium-ion energy storage capacitors as energy storage elements, which have the following significant advantages compared to traditional lithium batteries: (1) Ultra-long cycle life: The lithium-ion energy storage capacitor can be charged and discharged hundreds of thousands or even millions of times, far exceeding the cycle life of lithium batteries of hundreds to thousands of times. The energy storage element does not need to be replaced during the entire service life of the bicycle. (2) Excellent low temperature adaptability: The lithium-ion energy storage capacitor can work normally in a wide temperature range of -40℃ to +70℃. The capacity decay is minimal in low temperature environment, which completely solves the pain point of lithium battery performance drop sharply or even cannot be charged in winter or cold regions. (3) Intrinsic safety: Lithium-ion energy storage capacitors adopt physical energy storage mechanism, which will not produce lithium dendrites, and there is no risk of bulging, burning or explosion. Even under extreme abuse conditions (such as overcharging, over-discharging, short circuit, squeezing, puncture, etc.), they will not catch fire, and the safety of riding is fundamentally guaranteed. (4) The circuit is extremely simple and the cost is low: Lithium-ion energy storage capacitors do not require complex charging management circuit chips (such as constant current and constant voltage charging control, overcharge protection, equalization management, etc.). They can be charged directly through the pulsating DC power output by the rectifier bridge. The circuit topology is extremely simple, which not only reduces the number of components and manufacturing costs, but also greatly improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of the circuit.

[0022] III. The safety guarantee effect of continuous power supply When pedaling stops (such as when gliding downhill or stopping at a red light), traditional power generators immediately cease power generation, and the warning lights go out. At this point, the cyclist is completely exposed to traffic risks without warning, which can be extremely serious, especially at night or in inclement weather. This invention, through the energy storage function of a capacitor module, allows the stored energy to continue powering the warning light assembly, headlights, and taillights even after pedaling stops. This ensures the vehicle remains in a safe and alert state while pedaling is stopped, filling the safety gap in existing technology where warnings are lost upon stopping pedaling and significantly improving riding safety.

[0023] IV. Electrical Safety and Intelligent Control Effectiveness This invention incorporates a voltage-regulating clamping element, a master switch, and a current-limiting resistor in the circuit. The voltage-regulating clamping element is connected in parallel to the rectifier bridge output, limiting the peak voltage after rectification to within the safe operating voltage range of the capacitor module. This prevents excessively high generator output voltage due to riding speed fluctuations, which could damage the capacitor module and other circuit components. Combined with the characteristic of lithium-ion energy storage capacitors that do not require complex charging management chips, comprehensive overvoltage protection can be achieved simply by connecting the voltage-regulating clamping element in parallel, resulting in a simple and reliable circuit topology. The master switch allows the rider to control the power supply as needed, turning it on when riding and off when not riding to cut off the capacitor discharge circuit. This saves energy and ensures the capacitor module can quickly charge and provide immediate power to the warning lights for the next ride. The current-limiting resistor is connected in series in the common circuit of the warning light group, effectively limiting the current flowing through the warning lights and preventing excessive current from damaging the warning lights, headlights, taillights, and other electrical equipment, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the entire electrical system.

[0024] V. The Synergistic Effect of Comprehensive Warning and Cabling Optimization The warning light assembly of this invention includes three warning lights respectively located on the left, right, and rear sides of the pedal, providing all-around warning to the sides and rear of the bicycle. This helps vehicles and pedestrians on the side to be aware of the vehicle in a timely manner, filling the blind spot of traditional rear warning lights. It significantly improves safety, especially at night when turning at intersections or when approached from the side. Simultaneously, a rectifier bridge allows for the rectification and output of DC power in both forward and reverse pedal rotation, generating electricity regardless of whether the pedal is pedaled forward or backward, thus improving energy harvesting efficiency. Through the cooperation of a first conductive slip ring, a hollow connecting shaft, and a second conductive slip ring, electrical energy can be smoothly transmitted from the rotating pedal to the fixed frame, thereby powering the headlight and rear warning lights. This completely avoids the problems of wire tangling and breakage caused by the rotation of the pedal, ensuring a long lifespan and high reliability of the power supply line.

[0025] VI. Durability of Waterproof Sealing This invention features a groove along the edge of the pedal frame and a corresponding boss along the edge of the cover plate. The bosses are embedded in the groove, which is filled with sealant or a sealing ring to form a reliable sealing structure. During assembly, this waterproof structure, through the fit between the groove and the boss and the filling with sealant, effectively prevents rainwater, mud, and dust from entering the pedal frame, protecting electronic components such as the generator, rectifier bridge, capacitor module, and DC-DC boost unit from corrosion and damage. This significantly improves the product's lifespan and reliability in harsh riding environments such as outdoor dampness and rain.

[0026] In summary, this invention has achieved significant technological advancements in multiple dimensions, including power generation method, energy storage method, power supply continuity, power safety, all-round warning, and waterproof durability. The various functional modules work together to construct an efficient, safe, reliable, and durable bicycle pedal power generation and energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the services required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to an embodiment of the present invention (the cover plate and the pedal frame are fastened together). Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to an embodiment of the present invention (the cover plate and the pedal frame are separate). Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pedal frame and its internal structure in an embodiment of the present invention (wires omitted). Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power generation and energy storage foot pedal cover plate according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of a power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure label: 1-Crank; 2-Pedal frame; 3-Cover plate; 4-Connecting shaft; 5-Generator; 6-First rotating gear; 7-Rectifier bridge; 8-First conductive slip ring; 9-Second conductive slip ring; 10-Fixed gear; 11-First bearing; 12-Second bearing; 13-Bearing nut; 14-Intermediate gear; 15-Screw; 16-Warning light assembly; Capacitor module; 17-Master control switch; 18-Current limiting resistor; 19-Capacitor module; 20-DC-DC boost unit; 21-Groove; 22-Boss. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the power generation and energy storage foot pedal described in this embodiment includes a crank 1, a pedal frame 2, a cover plate 3 for sealing the pedal frame 2, and a connecting shaft 4; the connecting shaft 4 is rotatably connected to the pedal frame 2, and one end of the connecting shaft 4 away from the pedal frame 2 is fixedly connected to the crank 1; it also includes a foot pedal power generation and energy storage circuit, which includes a generator 5, a rectifier bridge 7, a capacitor module 19, a master control switch 17, a current limiting resistor 18, and a DC-DC boost unit 20.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, the circuit connections are as follows: The output terminal of generator 5 is connected to the AC input terminal of rectifier bridge 7. The positive output terminal of rectifier bridge 7 is connected to the positive terminal of capacitor module 19, and the negative output terminal of rectifier bridge 7 and the negative terminal of capacitor module 19 are grounded together. The positive output terminal of capacitor module 19 is connected to one end of master switch 17, and the other end of master switch 17 is connected to one end of warning light group 16 and the input terminal of DC-DC boost unit 20. The other end of warning light group 16 is grounded through current limiting resistor 18. The output terminal of DC-DC boost unit 20 outputs a constant (e.g., 5V) DC voltage, and the output terminal of DC-DC boost unit 20 is connected to a power supply interface. The power supply interface can be directly connected to the bicycle's headlight and / or taillight, or it can be connected to a USB interface to power external devices such as mobile phones.

[0033] In another embodiment, a voltage clamping element is connected in parallel between the positive and negative output terminals of the rectifier bridge. This voltage clamping element clamps the DC voltage output from the rectifier bridge to a preset voltage value to prevent overcharging of the capacitor module. The generator's output voltage fluctuates when the riding speed changes. Without protection, excessively high voltage could damage the capacitor module, which is the core of the energy storage. Therefore, connecting a voltage clamping element in parallel between the rectifier bridge output and the capacitor module ensures that the voltage input to the capacitor module is limited to a safe value.

[0034] Specifically, the most common voltage-regulating clamping components are various types of diodes. In this embodiment, a Zener diode or a transient voltage suppressor diode can be selected. Zener diode: operates in the reverse breakdown region; once the voltage reaches its nominal stable voltage, the voltage across it remains essentially constant. Transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS diode): has an extremely fast response speed (picosecond level) and is specifically designed to absorb instantaneous high-energy overvoltage pulses (such as electrostatic discharge or lightning strikes), quickly clamping the voltage to a safe level.

[0035] Specifically, the warning light assembly includes a left warning light, a right warning light, and a rear warning light connected in parallel. The positive terminals of all three warning lights are connected to the output terminal of the main control switch, and the negative terminals of the three warning lights are connected to a common point and then connected in series with a current-limiting resistor, the other end of which is grounded.

[0036] It is understood that each warning light in the warning light group 16 can be selected from any type of light-emitting element according to actual needs. Preferably, each warning light is an LED warning light. LED warning lights have advantages such as low power consumption, high brightness, fast response speed, and long lifespan. They are especially suitable for scenarios where the power supply is provided by a capacitor module. The low power consumption characteristic can extend the continuous power supply time of the capacitor energy storage, and the high brightness characteristic can provide a good visual warning effect during both day and night.

[0037] Of course, in other embodiments, other types of light-emitting elements can be used for the warning lights, such as halogen lamps, xenon lamps, laser diodes, etc., which can be flexibly selected according to the actual application scenario, cost budget, and power consumption requirements. Considering factors such as power consumption, lifespan, cost, and reliability, this application preferably uses LED warning lights. Specifically, one of the constant voltage output terminals is connected to a USB interface with a ground pin (as a mobile phone charging port), and the other is reserved for connection to other loads (such as headlights, taillights, etc.). like Figure 1-5 As shown, in this embodiment, the warning light group 16 includes a left warning light, a right warning light, and a rear warning light connected in parallel. The positive terminals of all three warning lights are connected to the output terminal of the main control switch 17, and the negative terminals of the three warning lights are connected in series with a current-limiting resistor 18 to ground. The left warning light is located on the left side of the foot pedal, the right warning light is located on the right side of the foot pedal, and the rear warning light is located on the rear side of the foot pedal. It can be understood that this embodiment provides three warning lights on the foot pedal; in other embodiments, two, four, five, six, seven, or eight warning lights can be provided as needed. The positions of the warning lights can be selected as required.

[0038] It is understood that the capacitor module 19 can be selected from any type of energy storage capacitor according to actual needs. In this embodiment, the capacitor module 19 is a lithium-ion energy storage capacitor, which has the advantages of high charge and discharge cycles (up to hundreds of thousands or even millions of times), long life, strong low temperature adaptability (normal operation in a wide temperature range of -40℃ to +70℃), and no risk of fire, and is especially suitable for the bicycle pedal power generation scenario of this application.

[0039] Of course, in other embodiments, the capacitor module 19 can also be selected from other types of energy storage capacitors, such as supercapacitors (electric double-layer capacitors), electrolytic capacitors, film capacitors, tantalum capacitors, etc., which can be flexibly selected according to the actual application scenario, cost budget, space constraints and performance requirements. Taking into account factors such as cycle life, safety and environmental adaptability, this application preferably uses lithium-ion energy storage capacitors.

[0040] In this embodiment, the DC-DC boost unit 20 is used to boost the low and unstable DC voltage output by the capacitor module 19 into a stable DC voltage output. Specifically, the DC-DC boost unit 20 includes a boost control chip, a power inductor, a switching transistor, and a rectifier diode, and achieves voltage boosting and stabilization through high-frequency switching control. Its input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the master control switch 17 to receive the electrical energy released by the capacitor module 19; its output terminal outputs a constant voltage.

[0041] Preferably, the DC-DC boost unit 20 outputs a constant +5V DC voltage, compatible with the universal USB charging protocol. It can charge mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, action cameras, speedometers, and GPS devices via a USB interface, and can also directly power vehicle-mounted electrical equipment such as headlights or taillights. The DC-DC boost unit 20 operates in buck mode when the output voltage of the capacitor module 19 is higher than a set value (e.g., 5V), and in boost mode when the output voltage of the capacitor module 19 is lower than the set value (e.g., 5V). This ensures a stable operating voltage at the output terminal and prevents fluctuations in the generator output voltage caused by changes in pedaling speed from affecting the normal operation of the electrical equipment.

[0042] It is understood that the output voltage of the DC-DC boost unit 20 is not limited to 5V. In other embodiments, it can be set to other voltage values, such as 3.3V, 6V, 9V, or 12V, according to actual needs, to adapt to the power supply requirements of different electrical devices. All related modifications fall within the basic concept and protection scope of this application. Preferably, the DC-DC boost unit 20 can be implemented using boost converter chips such as SX1308, MT3608, and FP6291. These chips have advantages such as wide input voltage range, high conversion efficiency (usually above 90%), simple peripheral circuitry, and low static power consumption, and are especially suitable for scenarios powered by capacitor modules with high efficiency requirements.

[0043] By setting the DC-DC boost unit 20, this pedal-powered energy storage circuit can output a stable voltage within a wide range of generator speeds (i.e., a wide range of pedaling speeds), which not only protects the electrical equipment from voltage fluctuations but also improves energy utilization efficiency.

[0044] like Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the generator 5, rectifier bridge 7, capacitor module 19, current-limiting resistor 18, and DC-DC boost unit 20 are all disposed inside the pedal frame 2. The warning light group 16 is embedded in the side wall of the pedal frame 2, allowing the light emitted by the warning light group to exit the pedal frame 2. The master control switch 17 is disposed on the side of the pedal frame 2 for easy user operation.

[0045] It is understandable that the electronic components in the above-mentioned foot-operated power generation and energy storage circuit, such as generator 5, rectifier bridge 7, capacitor module 19, main control switch 17, current limiting resistor 18 and DC-DC boost unit 20, can be connected one by one through wires according to the aforementioned connection relationship, or they can be integrated into a whole circuit module using a circuit board (such as a printed circuit board PCB or a flexible circuit board FPC).

[0046] Specifically, the rectifier bridge 7, capacitor module 19, main control switch 17, current-limiting resistor 18, and DC-DC boost unit 20 are soldered onto the same circuit board according to the circuit schematic, and the electrical connections between the components are achieved through the printed circuits on the circuit board. The output terminal of generator 5 is connected to the corresponding AC input pad on the circuit board via wires or connectors, the warning light group 16 is connected to the corresponding load output pad on the circuit board via wires or connectors, and the output terminal of DC-DC boost unit 20 is led out to the power supply interface through the output pad on the circuit board.

[0047] Using circuit boards instead of discrete component wire connections has the following advantages: (1) Compact structure: The circuit board can integrate multiple electronic components on the same substrate, making full use of the limited space inside the pedal frame 2, reducing the independent occupation of installation space by each component, which is conducive to the overall miniaturization design of the pedal. (2) Efficient assembly: The circuit board is a whole module, which can be pre-welded and tested on the outside of the pedal frame 2, and then installed into the pedal frame 2 as a whole, which simplifies the production assembly process and improves the consistency and yield of the products. (3) Reliable connection: The printed circuit on the circuit board replaces discrete wires, avoiding wire loosening, poor contact or short circuit faults caused by riding vibration, thus improving the long-term reliability of the circuit system. It should be noted that the circuit board integration method described above is only an equivalent physical implementation of the foot-operated power generation and energy storage circuit of this application. Its circuit connection relationship and working principle are exactly the same as the aforementioned wire connection method, and neither exceeds the protection scope defined by the claims of this application.

[0048] like Figure 1-5As shown, another embodiment also includes a first conductive slip ring 8 and a second conductive slip ring 9; the rotating end of the second conductive slip ring 9 is connected to the end of the crank 1 away from the pedal frame 2, while the stationary end of the second conductive slip ring 9 is connected to the bottom bracket sleeve of the bicycle frame, and the stationary end of the second conductive slip ring 9 is connected to a power supply interface, which can be directly connected to the headlight and taillight through wires, or it can be connected to a USB interface to power external devices such as mobile phones.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the connecting shaft 4 is a hollow connecting shaft, on which a fixed gear 10 is sleeved; the first rotating gear 6 is located at the output end of the generator 5 and meshes with the fixed gear 10; the generator 5, the first rotating gear 6, the rectifier bridge 7, the capacitor module 19, the main control switch 17, the current limiting resistor 18, the DC-DC boost unit 20, the warning light group 16, and the pedal frame 2 all rotate synchronously around the connecting shaft 4.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, in another embodiment, an intermediate gear 14 is provided between the fixed gear 10 and the first rotating gear 6. The fixed gear 10 meshes with the intermediate gear 14, and the first rotating gear 6 meshes with the intermediate gear 14. By adding the intermediate gear 14, the transmission direction and / or transmission ratio can be changed, so that the speed of the generator 5 can be adjusted according to actual needs to adapt to different riding speeds and power generation requirements.

[0051] In this embodiment, the rotating end of the first conductive slip ring 8 is fixedly connected to the pedal frame 2 and rotates synchronously with the pedal frame 2. The rotating end of the first conductive slip ring 8 is electrically connected to the rectifier bridge 7 through a wire. The stationary end of the first conductive slip ring 8 is synchronously set with the connecting shaft 4. The wire led out from the stationary end of the first conductive slip ring 8 passes through the connecting shaft 4 and is electrically connected to the rotating end of the second conductive slip ring 9.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also includes a first bearing 11, a second bearing 12, and a bearing nut 13; the connecting shaft 4 is rotatably connected to the pedal frame 2 through the cooperation of the first bearing 11 and the second bearing 12; the stationary end of the first conductive slip ring 8 is connected to the connecting shaft 4 through the bearing nut 13, so as to achieve synchronous setting with the connecting shaft 4. The bearing nut 13 can both prevent axial displacement of the connecting shaft 4 and connect to the stationary end of the first conductive slip ring 8.

[0053] Specifically, in this embodiment, generator 5 is a single-phase generator, and the rectifier bridge has two AC input terminals and two DC output terminals. The AC power generated by generator 5 is directly connected to the two AC input terminals of the rectifier bridge. After being rectified by the bridge circuit composed of four diodes inside the rectifier bridge, DC power is output from the two DC output terminals.

[0054] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: During riding, crank 1 and connecting shaft 4 rotate 360 ​​degrees around the bottom bracket sleeve of the bicycle frame. Connecting shaft 4 does not rotate on its own. Generator 5, first rotating gear 6, rectifier bridge 7, capacitor module 19, master control switch 17, current limiting resistor 18, DC-DC boost unit 20, warning light group 16 and pedal frame 2 all rotate synchronously around connecting shaft 4 (or fixed gear 10). Since the first rotating gear 6 meshes with the fixed gear 10, the first rotating gear 6 also rotates on its own, thereby driving the rotor of generator 5 to rotate, so that generator 5 generates electricity (the arrow in the figure is regarded as bidirectional alternating current).

[0055] The alternating current generated by generator 5 is converted into pulsating direct current by full-wave rectification of rectifier bridge 7. The pulsating direct current output by rectifier bridge 7 is first subjected to voltage clamping by a voltage regulating clamping element connected in parallel between its positive and negative output terminals, limiting the voltage peak to within the rated safe operating voltage range of capacitor module 19, preventing damage to capacitor module 19 or other circuit components due to excessive generator output voltage caused by excessive riding speed. The DC power after voltage clamping is then input to capacitor module 19 for smoothing filtering and energy storage (due to the presence of rectifier bridge 7, DC power can be rectified and output regardless of whether pedaling is forward or backward). After the master switch 17 is closed, the capacitor module 19 releases the stored electrical energy: part of the current flows to the three parallel warning lights (left warning light, right warning light, and rear warning light), and after being limited by the common current-limiting resistor 18, it lights up to provide a safety warning for night riding; another part of the current enters the DC-DC boost unit 20, and after boosting and regulating the voltage, it outputs a standard constant (e.g., 5V) DC power, which can be used to charge mobile devices such as smartphones through the USB interface 21, or to provide a stable power supply for other electronic loads on the bicycle (e.g., headlights or rear warning lights).

[0056] Compared to powering the vehicle via a power bank, this embodiment generates electricity directly for the headlights and taillights while riding, thus avoiding range anxiety. Compared to converting kinetic energy into electrical energy via a generator built into the hub, this embodiment places the generator within the pedal frame 2, reducing riding resistance caused by power generation. This allows for a continuous and stable supply of power to the headlights and taillights without compromising the riding experience.

[0057] In another embodiment, the electricity generated by the generator 5 passes through the rectifier bridge 7, the first conductive slip ring 8, and the second conductive slip ring 9 before reaching the headlights and taillights.

[0058] In addition, after the alternating current generated by the generator is converted into direct current suitable for the headlights and taillights by the rectifier bridge 7, the direct current can be smoothly delivered to the headlights and taillights with the cooperation of the first conductive slip ring 8, the hollow connecting shaft 4 and the second conductive slip ring 9 (mainly to make the power transmission wires led out from the rectifier bridge 7 pass smoothly through the pedal and crank 1), avoiding the wires transmitting direct current from getting tangled.

[0059] When riding downhill and not pedaling, in order to keep generating electricity and avoid affecting riding safety, the pedals (including pedal frame 2 and cover plate 3) can be pedaled in the opposite direction to generate electricity (because generator 5 can generate electricity in both forward and reverse directions).

[0060] When the pedal is stopped, the electrical energy stored in the capacitor module 19 can continue to power the warning light assembly 16, the headlights and the taillights, maintaining vehicle driving safety.

[0061] In another embodiment, a light-transmitting plate (not shown) is also included. The light-transmitting plate is installed on the side of the pedal frame 2, and the warning light assembly is installed on the inner side of the light-transmitting plate. The light-transmitting plate 15 is made of a transparent or semi-transparent material (such as PC plastic, acrylic, etc.), which can protect the warning light assembly 16 from external impacts and dust intrusion, and also allow the warning light to pass through evenly, thereby improving the warning effect.

[0062] like Figure 3-4 As shown, in another embodiment, the edge of the pedal frame 2 is provided with a groove 21, and the edge of the cover plate 3 is provided with a corresponding boss 22. The boss 22 is embedded in the groove 21, and the groove 21 is filled with sealant or a sealing ring.

[0063] During production and assembly, waterproof sealant is first applied to the groove 21 or a sealing ring is placed inside. Then, the cover plate 3 is placed on the pedal frame 2, so that the boss 22 is embedded in the groove 21. Then, the pedal frame 2 and the cover plate 3 are fixed by the screw 15. The groove 21 and the boss 22 cooperate to form a sealing structure, which effectively prevents rainwater and dust from entering the pedal frame 2, protecting electronic components such as generator 5, rectifier bridge 7, capacitor module 19, and DC-DC boost unit 20 from damage, and ensuring product quality and service life.

[0064] It is understood that, in order to facilitate the installation and fixation of the aforementioned electronic components (such as generator 5, rectifier bridge 7, capacitor module 19, DC-DC boost unit 20, etc.) and transmission structures (such as fixed gear 10, first rotating gear 6, intermediate gear 14, etc.) between the pedal frame 2 and the cover plate 3, corresponding receiving grooves are provided on the inner walls of the pedal frame 2 and / or the cover plate 3. The electronic components and transmission structures are at least partially housed in the corresponding receiving grooves. By pre-positioning and limiting the corresponding components through the receiving grooves, it is not only convenient for quick alignment and installation during the assembly process, but also prevents the components from shifting or loosening during riding vibrations, thereby improving the compactness and reliability of the overall structure.

[0065] Furthermore, several screws 15 used to connect the pedal frame 2 and the cover plate 3 have heads or ends protruding from the bottom surface of the pedal frame 2 and / or the surface of the cover plate 3. When the rider pedals, the sole of the shoe directly contacts the protruding ends of the screws 15, which can significantly increase the friction between the sole of the shoe and the pedal surface, preventing sudden slippage due to shoe slippage during riding and improving riding safety. The number and distribution of the protruding ends of the screws 15 can be flexibly set according to the actual size of the pedal frame 2 and the cover plate 3 and the anti-slip requirements.

[0066] It is understood that the pedal frame 2 and the cover plate 3, as the main structural components bearing the rider's weight and pedaling force, must possess sufficient structural strength and rigidity to withstand repeated impacts and compressive loads during riding. The materials of the pedal frame 2 and the cover plate 3 are selected from any of the following: (1) Engineering plastics: such as nylon (PA6, PA66), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) or PC / ABS alloy. Engineering plastics have the advantages of being lightweight, corrosion resistant, easy to mold and process, and moderately priced. They can also be reinforced and modified by adding glass fiber (such as GF30%) to further improve their tensile strength and impact resistance, making them suitable for general cycling scenarios. (2) Metallic materials: such as aluminum alloys (e.g., 6061, 7075 alloys), magnesium alloys, or titanium alloys. Metallic materials have higher tensile strength and fatigue resistance, making them suitable for high-intensity cycling, mountain biking, or heavy-load applications. Among them, aluminum alloys have both good mechanical properties and light weight, making them the preferred choice; magnesium alloys have lower density and are suitable for applications with high lightweight requirements; titanium alloys have the highest strength and excellent corrosion resistance, making them suitable for high-end applications. (3) Composite materials: such as carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP). Carbon fiber materials have extremely high specific strength (strength / weight ratio) and specific stiffness, which can achieve significant weight reduction while ensuring structural strength, making them suitable for racing or high-end bicycles.

[0067] The pedal frame 2 and the cover plate 3 can be integrally formed from the same material, or they can be combined with different materials according to their respective stress characteristics. For example, the pedal frame 2 can be made of metal to provide core load-bearing capacity, and the cover plate 3 can be made of engineering plastic to reduce the overall weight.

[0068] The selection of materials mentioned above can be flexibly determined based on the actual product's target positioning, cost budget, and usage environment, and none of them shall deviate from the scope of protection of this application.

[0069] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this technical solution are as follows: I. The effects of innovation in power generation and supply methods This invention generates electricity during cycling to directly power warning lights and external devices, fundamentally solving the battery anxiety problem associated with traditional power banks. Cyclists no longer need to worry about lights or mobile devices running out of power; they can continuously obtain power as long as they continue cycling, ensuring uninterrupted lighting and warning functions during nighttime riding. Furthermore, by placing the generator inside the pedal frame, utilizing the kinetic energy of pedaling motion, it avoids the significant increase in riding resistance caused by traditional hub-integrated generators. Because the generator is located within the pedal—a component that moves with cycling—the generated electromagnetic resistance torque acts only on the pedal, not directly on the wheel. Cyclists experience almost no additional resistance during pedaling, truly achieving continuous and stable power generation without affecting the riding experience.

[0070] II. The significant effects of capacitor energy storage This invention uses lithium-ion energy storage capacitors as energy storage elements, which have the following significant advantages compared to traditional lithium batteries: (1) Ultra-long cycle life: The lithium-ion energy storage capacitor can be charged and discharged hundreds of thousands or even millions of times, far exceeding the cycle life of lithium batteries of hundreds to thousands of times. The energy storage element does not need to be replaced during the entire service life of the bicycle. (2) Excellent low temperature adaptability: The lithium-ion energy storage capacitor can work normally in a wide temperature range of -40℃ to +70℃. The capacity decay is minimal in low temperature environment, which completely solves the pain point of lithium battery performance drop sharply or even cannot be charged in winter or cold regions. (3) Intrinsic safety: Lithium-ion energy storage capacitors adopt physical energy storage mechanism, which will not produce lithium dendrites, and there is no risk of bulging, burning or explosion. Even under extreme abuse conditions (such as overcharging, over-discharging, short circuit, squeezing, puncture, etc.), they will not catch fire, and the safety of riding is fundamentally guaranteed. (4) The circuit is extremely simple and the cost is low: Lithium-ion energy storage capacitors do not require complex charging management circuit chips (such as constant current and constant voltage charging control, overcharge protection, equalization management, etc.). They can be charged directly through the pulsating DC power output by the rectifier bridge. The circuit topology is extremely simple, which not only reduces the number of components and manufacturing costs, but also greatly improves the reliability and anti-interference ability of the circuit.

[0071] III. The safety guarantee effect of continuous power supply When pedaling stops (such as when gliding downhill or stopping at a red light), traditional power generators immediately cease power generation, and the warning lights go out. At this point, the cyclist is completely exposed to traffic risks without warning, which can be extremely serious, especially at night or in inclement weather. This invention, through the energy storage function of a capacitor module, allows the stored energy to continue powering the warning light assembly, headlights, and taillights even after pedaling stops. This ensures the vehicle remains in a safe and alert state while pedaling is stopped, filling the safety gap in existing technology where warnings are lost upon stopping pedaling and significantly improving riding safety.

[0072] IV. Electrical Safety and Intelligent Control Effectiveness This invention incorporates a voltage-regulating clamping element, a master switch, and a current-limiting resistor in the circuit. The voltage-regulating clamping element is connected in parallel to the rectifier bridge output, limiting the peak voltage after rectification to within the safe operating voltage range of the capacitor module. This prevents excessively high generator output voltage due to riding speed fluctuations, which could damage the capacitor module and other circuit components. Combined with the characteristic of lithium-ion energy storage capacitors that do not require complex charging management chips, comprehensive overvoltage protection can be achieved simply by connecting the voltage-regulating clamping element in parallel, resulting in a simple and reliable circuit topology. The master switch allows the rider to control the power supply as needed, turning it on when riding and off when not riding to cut off the capacitor discharge circuit. This saves energy and ensures the capacitor module can quickly charge and provide immediate power to the warning lights for the next ride. The current-limiting resistor is connected in series in the common circuit of the warning light group, effectively limiting the current flowing through the warning lights and preventing excessive current from damaging the warning lights, headlights, taillights, and other electrical equipment, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the entire electrical system.

[0073] V. The Synergistic Effect of Comprehensive Warning and Cabling Optimization The warning light assembly of this invention includes three warning lights respectively located on the left, right, and rear sides of the pedal, providing all-around warning to the sides and rear of the bicycle. This helps vehicles and pedestrians on the side to be aware of the vehicle in a timely manner, filling the blind spot of traditional rear warning lights. It significantly improves safety, especially at night when turning at intersections or when approached from the side. Simultaneously, a rectifier bridge allows for the rectification and output of DC power in both forward and reverse pedal rotation, generating electricity regardless of whether the pedal is pedaled forward or backward, thus improving energy harvesting efficiency. Through the cooperation of a first conductive slip ring, a hollow connecting shaft, and a second conductive slip ring, electrical energy can be smoothly transmitted from the rotating pedal to the fixed frame, thereby powering the headlight and rear warning lights. This completely avoids the problems of wire tangling and breakage caused by the rotation of the pedal, ensuring a long lifespan and high reliability of the power supply line.

[0074] VI. Durability of Waterproof Sealing This invention features a groove along the edge of the pedal frame and a corresponding boss along the edge of the cover plate. The bosses are embedded in the groove, which is filled with sealant or a sealing ring to form a reliable sealing structure. During assembly, this waterproof structure, through the fit between the groove and the boss and the filling with sealant, effectively prevents rainwater, mud, and dust from entering the pedal frame, protecting electronic components such as the generator, rectifier bridge, capacitor module, and DC-DC boost unit from corrosion and damage. This significantly improves the product's lifespan and reliability in harsh riding environments such as outdoor dampness and rain.

[0075] In summary, this invention has achieved significant technological advancements in multiple dimensions, including power generation method, energy storage method, power supply continuity, power safety, all-round warning, and waterproof durability. The various functional modules work together to construct an efficient, safe, reliable, and durable bicycle pedal power generation and energy storage system.

[0076] The power generation and energy storage pedal and its circuit of the present invention can be widely used in various types of bicycles (including ordinary bicycles, electric-assisted bicycles, exercise bikes, etc.) or walking machines. It has the advantages of compact structure, high power generation efficiency, excellent energy storage performance, safety and reliability, and is suitable for industrial mass production.

[0077] Understandably, the aforementioned power-generating and energy-storing pedals are typically installed in pairs in practical applications. That is, in various bicycles or treadmills and other devices with pedal-driven functions, there is a power-generating and energy-storing pedal on each side, with the two pedals positioned opposite each other on either side of the central axis. Both the left and right pedals have the same power-generating and energy-storing circuit structure described above, and both can independently generate and store energy during riding or walking.

[0078] Specifically, the first generator built into the left foot pedal and the second generator built into the right foot pedal are driven to rotate simultaneously during the user's pedaling, generating AC power. After being rectified by their respective rectifier bridges, each generator charges and stores energy in its respective capacitor module. The capacitor modules on both foot pedals can independently power the load.

[0079] The capacitor modules for the foot pedals can use any one or a combination of the following power supply methods: (1) Independent power supply: The left capacitor module supplies power to the left warning light group and part of the load, and the right capacitor module supplies power to the right warning light group and another part of the load. They work independently and do not affect each other. (2) Parallel power supply: The output terminals of the left and right capacitor modules are connected in parallel with the output terminals of the right capacitor module through wires, and then connected to the main control switch or directly supply power to the load. The total capacity is doubled after the two capacitor modules are connected in parallel, which can store more electrical energy and increase the continuous power supply time. Moreover, the pedal on either side can replenish the power of the entire system when it is stepped on. Even if the pedal on one side fails, the other side can still maintain the normal operation of the system, which improves the redundancy and reliability of the power supply.

[0080] To achieve parallel output from the capacitor modules on both sides, the output terminals of the left and right pedals can be connected to the same output node via wires running through the bottom bracket or the internal wiring of the frame. Preferably, the output terminals of the capacitor modules on both sides are connected in series with isolation diodes and then in parallel to prevent energy loss caused by mutual charging and discharging between the capacitor modules on both sides due to voltage differences.

[0081] It should be noted that the aforementioned paired power generation and energy storage foot pedals and their various power supply methods are all based on the same inventive concept described above in this application, and can be flexibly selected according to actual product needs, without departing from the protection scope of this application.

[0082] Other structures of the power generation and energy storage foot pedal described in this embodiment are found in the prior art and will not be repeated here.

[0083] The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any changes made in accordance with the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A foot-operated power generation and energy storage circuit, characterized in that, It includes a generator (5), a rectifier bridge (7), a capacitor module (C1, 19), a main control switch (17), a current-limiting resistor (18), and a DC-DC boost unit; The output terminal of the generator (5) is connected to the AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge (7); A voltage stabilizing clamping element is connected in parallel between the positive output terminal and the negative output terminal of the rectifier bridge (7). The positive output terminal of the rectifier bridge (7) is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor module (C1, 19). The negative output terminal of the rectifier bridge (7) and the negative terminal of the capacitor module (C1, 19) are grounded together. The positive output terminal of the capacitor module (C1, 19) is connected to one end of the master control switch (17), and the other end of the master control switch (17) is connected to one end of the warning light group (16) and the input terminal of the DC-DC boost unit, respectively. The other end of the warning light group (16) is grounded through the current-limiting resistor (18); The output terminal of the DC-DC boost unit (20) outputs a constant DC voltage, and the output terminal of the DC-DC boost unit (20) is connected to a power supply interface.

2. The foot-operated power generation and energy storage circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The warning light group (16) includes a left warning light, a right warning light and a rear warning light connected in parallel. The positive terminals of the three warning lights are all connected to the output terminal of the main control switch (17), and the negative terminals of the three warning lights are connected in series with the current limiting resistor (18) and grounded.

3. The foot-operated power generation and energy storage circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The capacitor module (C1, 19) is a lithium-ion energy storage capacitor.

4. A power generation and energy storage foot pedal, comprising a pedal frame (2) and a cover plate for sealing the pedal frame (2), characterized in that, It also includes a foot-operated power generation and energy storage circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 3; the generator (5), rectifier bridge (7), capacitor module (C1, 19), current limiting resistor (18) and DC-DC boost unit (20) are all disposed within the pedal frame (2); the warning light group (16) and the master control switch (17) are disposed on the side of the pedal frame (2).

5. The power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a crank (1), a connecting shaft (4), a first conductive slip ring (8), and a second conductive slip ring (9); the connecting shaft (4) is rotatably connected to the pedal frame (2), and the end of the connecting shaft (4) away from the pedal frame (2) is fixedly connected to the crank (1); the connecting shaft (4) is a hollow connecting shaft, on which a fixed gear (10) is sleeved; the first rotating gear (6) is located at the input end of the generator (5) and meshes with the fixed gear (10); The generator (5), the rectifier bridge (7), the capacitor module (C1, 19), the main control switch (17), the current limiting resistor (18), the DC-DC boost unit (20), the warning light group (16), and the pedal frame (2) all rotate synchronously around the connecting shaft (4).

6. The power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotating end of the first conductive slip ring (8) is fixedly connected to the pedal frame (2) and rotates synchronously with the pedal frame (2). The rotating end of the first conductive slip ring (8) is electrically connected to the rectifier bridge (7) through a wire. The stationary end of the first conductive slip ring (8) is synchronously set with the connecting shaft (4). The wire led out from the stationary end of the first conductive slip ring (8) passes through the connecting shaft (4) and is electrically connected to the rotating end of the second conductive slip ring (9). The rotating end of the second conductive slip ring (9) is connected to the end of the crank (1) away from the pedal frame (2). The stationary end of the second conductive slip ring (9) is used to connect to the bottom sleeve of the frame. The stationary end of the second conductive slip ring (9) is connected to a power supply interface.

7. The power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to claim 5, characterized in that, An intermediate gear (14) is provided between the fixed gear (10) and the first rotating gear (6), the fixed gear (10) meshes with the intermediate gear (14), and the first rotating gear (6) meshes with the intermediate gear (14).

8. The power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a first bearing (11), a second bearing (12), and a bearing nut (13). The connecting shaft (4) is rotatably connected to the pedal frame (2) through the cooperation of the first bearing (11) and the second bearing (12); The stationary end of the first conductive slip ring (8) is connected to the connecting shaft (4) through the bearing nut (13) to achieve synchronous setting with the connecting shaft (4).

9. A power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a light-transmitting plate, which is installed on the side of the pedal frame (2), and the warning light assembly (16) is installed on the inside of the light-transmitting plate.

10. A power generation and energy storage foot pedal according to claim 4, characterized in that, The edge of the pedal frame (2) is provided with a groove (21), and the edge of the cover plate is provided with a corresponding boss (22). The boss (22) is embedded in the groove (21), and the groove (21) is filled with sealant or a sealing ring.

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