Salt removal dressing for maintaining ancient buildings, dressing preparation method and ancient building salt removal maintenance method

Abstract

The application discloses a salt removal dressing for guaranteeing ancient buildings, a dressing preparation method and an ancient building salt removal guaranteeing construction method, relates to the technical field of building guaranteeing, and through the efficient salt removal dressing containing the active component of borneol and the process, the removal rate of soluble salts such as Na2SO4, NaCl and NaNO3 is greater than or equal to 85% in the same construction time; the salt in the depth of 5-15 mm below the surface of the brick body can be effectively removed, the surface discharge cohesion phenomenon is avoided, the salt removal depth is large; the application has the biological synergistic protection effect, the bacteriostatic and mildewproof effects are good, the inhibition rate of common mold on the wall body is greater than or equal to 90%; the repellent rate is greater than or equal to 85%; the salt removal dressing and the salt removal construction method have excellent construction performance, good dressing slurry fluidity, strong penetration promotion, can quickly enter the micropores of the brick body, the dressing is easy to peel off after drying, does not leave secondary salt, has no secondary pollution damage in the construction process, is green, low-carbon and environment-friendly; the dressing is weakly alkaline, does not corrode the surface of the green brick, does not introduce new soluble salt, and realizes efficient salt removal and effective protection of the ancient buildings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building maintenance technology, and in particular to a salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings, a method for preparing the dressing, and a salt-removing maintenance method for ancient buildings. Background Technology

[0002] The walls of ancient buildings such as pagodas, city walls, ancestral halls, and residential buildings are mainly constructed of blue bricks or sintered clay bricks. During long-term service, soluble salts from groundwater or humid environments migrate to the surface of these brick materials through capillary action. These soluble salts crystallize on the brick surface after the water evaporates, generating enormous expansion stress. For example, the crystallization pressure of soluble salt Na₂SO₄ can reach 10-20 MPa, causing the surface of the ancient building bricks to easily powder, peel, and become brittle, seriously threatening the structural safety and cultural value of the ancient buildings.

[0003] For this type of ancient building, the common methods for removing salt are mainly as follows:

[0004] (1) Surface cleaning method: use tap water or well water to wash away the salt on the surface of the brick body of ancient buildings. After cleaning, the water inside the brick body is not easy to be completely drained. It will carry the salt into deeper layers or unwashed areas and migrate. After the water dries, it recrystallizes and the alkali return is more serious.

[0005] (2) Adsorption of dressings. Most of the dressings used are pulp or diatomaceous earth. For example, high-concentration caustic soda pulp is easy to corrode and damage the surface of ancient buildings and is irreversible. After the surface of ancient buildings dries, it shrinks and cracks, and the salt drainage channels are blocked. For example, diatomaceous earth dressings have extremely strong water absorption. After being saturated with moisture, they are prone to mold growth, which aggravates the risk of damage to the walls of ancient buildings. In addition, diatomaceous earth has low hardness and is not easy to remove after salt drainage. The risk of damage to ancient buildings caused by the salt drainage process is relatively high.

[0006] Although this type of dressing adsorption method utilizes the capillary action of porous structures, it suffers from several drawbacks. These include a single dressing formula, an imperfect salt removal process, shrinkage of the dressing during drying affecting the internal pore size distribution, rapid decrease in capillary pressure due to pore size changes, salt accumulation on the surface or redistribution deep within the wall, resulting in low salt adsorption efficiency; difficulty in removing the dressing after salt removal, leading to a high risk of damage to ancient buildings; and the inability to inhibit microbial growth, resulting in mold or insect infestation. Ultimately, these methods fail to effectively protect or repair ancient buildings.

[0007] (3) Electrochemical desalination method is not only complicated in terms of equipment and construction period, but also introduces alkali metal ions and additional corrosive substances, which increases the risk of corrosion damage to ancient buildings.

[0008] In the existing technology, there is a lack of a desalination material or process that can achieve efficient desalination, as well as antibacterial and antifungal properties, insect repellency and moth prevention, and reduce secondary pollution and damage. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to address the problem that existing salt-removing dressings or adsorption methods used for desalination of ancient buildings suffer from low salt absorption efficiency due to the single dressing formula or imperfect desalination process, and the rapid decrease in capillary pressure caused by changes in pore size, resulting in salt accumulation on the surface or redistribution deep into the wall. This invention provides a salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings, a dressing preparation method, and a salt-removing maintenance method for ancient buildings.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight:

[0012] Borneol 5-10 parts, plant fiber pulp 50-85 parts, porous adsorption filler 10-20 parts;

[0013] The salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings described in this invention uses borneol in a specific ratio and plant fiber slurry as raw materials to form a wet fiber slurry. The fibers interweave to form a three-dimensional network structure, and porous adsorption fillers fill the gaps between the fibers. The borneol exists in a microcrystalline or dissolved state on the fiber surface and in the pores. When the salt-removing dressing of this invention is applied to the surface of ancient buildings, the moisture inside the dressing carries the salt to the surface, and the borneol sublimates, leaving microporous channels that promote the outward migration of salt and accelerate salt excretion, thereby effectively improving the salt absorption efficiency and achieving a desalination rate of ≥85% within 120 hours. The borneol in the dressing can reduce the surface tension of the dressing slurry, improve its wettability and permeability, enhance the interfacial bonding ability with the brick, and improve the reliability of the salt absorption effect. Furthermore, through the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of borneol, it inhibits the biological weathering of the brick by microorganisms. Combined with the aromatic odor and terpene structure of borneol, it has a repellent and inhibitory effect on various wall pests. On the basis of achieving efficient salt removal, it can also have the beneficial effect of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and preventing pest infestation in the ancient buildings under maintenance.

[0014] Preferably, the salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings according to the present invention uses industrial borneol.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, more suitable camphor can be selected according to the weather or environment. Menthol has a low sublimation temperature, which rises rapidly at about 40°C. Industrial camphor is preferred for construction in summer to achieve more precise control of the sublimation rate of camphor and improve the reliability of salt removal. Furthermore, camphor, menthol or borneol are more expensive, so industrial camphor is preferred. In environments with high health requirements, industrial camphor can be used because camphor has a strong odor, thus balancing environmental requirements and reducing costs.

[0016] Preferably, the salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings according to the present invention comprises diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and attapulgite mixed in a set weight ratio.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the selection of porous adsorption fillers such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and attapulgite, the composition of the mixed raw materials in the adsorption filler can be adjusted according to the types of ions in the salts of the wall. For example, zeolite is better for NH4⁺ and K⁺; diatomaceous earth is more effective for Na⁺ and Ca²⁺. This allows for more targeted formulation of dressings for different types of walls with varying salt content, enhancing the adaptability of the dressing and further improving the salt removal efficiency.

[0018] Preferably, the salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings according to the present invention further includes 5 to 15 parts by weight of inorganic cementitious material; the paste viscosity of the dressing is 100 to 130 mm.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, by formulating an inorganic gel material in the raw materials, the carrier particles of the salt-removing dressing of the present invention are bridged by the inorganic gel material to form a three-dimensional network structure. This not only adjusts the alkalinity of the dressing and enhances its adhesion to the brick, but also further improves the stability of the salt-removing effect. In addition, the fiber network provides mechanical strength after drying, allowing for complete peeling, giving the whole structure a certain mechanical strength. The compressive strength can reach 0.5~1.2 MPa, enabling rapid removal of the dried dressing. Furthermore, the removal of the dried dressing is less likely to damage the brick of the ancient building, further reducing the risk of damage to the ancient building due to the properties of the salt-removing dressing during the removal process.

[0020] Preferably, the salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings according to the present invention further includes the following additives by weight: penetration promoter, water-retaining agent, and retarder.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, by formulating a penetration promoter, a water-retaining agent and a retarder into the raw materials, the surface tension is reduced and the diffusion of camphor is promoted; the water evaporation is controlled and the effective action time is extended; the solidification rate of the slurry is regulated, thereby further optimizing the sublimation rate of camphor in the desalination dressing, making the pore size distribution and capillary pressure more balanced, and further improving the desalination efficiency.

[0022] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0023] A method for preparing a desalination dressing, capable of preparing a desalination dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings as described in this invention, includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. Dilute the plant fiber pulp with water, beat it with a pulping machine to obtain a slurry; dry mix borneol and porous adsorption filler to obtain a dry mixture;

[0025] S2. Add plant fiber dry material to the dry mixture, and then pre-press it into a sheet to obtain a dressing sheet;

[0026] Alternatively, the dry mixture can be added to the slurry and stirred to disperse, thereby obtaining a dressing slurry.

[0027] The method for preparing the salt-absorbing dressing of the present invention, through steps S1 and S2, can prepare a dressing slurry containing camphor with high salt absorption efficiency, achieving a desalination rate of ≥85% within 120 hours; it achieves the preparation of a salt-absorbing dressing that is highly efficient in salt removal, easy to remove, and effectively protects ancient buildings; the camphor does not sublimate in the stirred and dispersed liquid slurry, effectively preserving the dressing and extending its shelf life; the camphor in the dressing can reduce the surface tension of the dressing slurry, improve its wettability and permeability, enhance its interfacial bonding ability with the brick, and improve the reliability of salt absorption; the prepared dressing, after being moistened, is applied to the surface of ancient buildings, suitable for surface construction of large areas and vertical ancient buildings, enhancing the applicability of the prepared dressing.

[0028] Preferably, the preparation method of the salt-draining dressing of the present invention further includes the step of:

[0029] S3. Add deionized water to the dressing paste to adjust the concentration of the dressing paste to 8-15 wt%; after stirring and aging, dissolve camphor in the plant fiber paste and adsorb it onto the surface of the plant fiber.

[0030] S4. Allow to stand or degas under vacuum to obtain the finished dressing, and then seal and package the finished dressing.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, through steps S3 and S4, a salt-removing dressing with suitable viscosity and concentration can be prepared, and the air bubbles in the slurry can be reduced to avoid the formation of large pore defects after drying. After preparation, it should be used immediately or sealed and packaged to prevent camphor volatilization. It is recommended to complete the application within 4 hours to further improve the quality and effectiveness of the finished dressing.

[0032] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0033] A method for salt removal and maintenance of ancient buildings, using the salt removal dressing for maintaining ancient buildings as described in this invention, includes the following steps:

[0034] T1. Clean the surface of the ancient building;

[0035] T2. Prepare the desalination dressing into a pre-concentrated slurry.

[0036] T3. Apply the prepared slurry to the surface of the ancient building; control the thickness of a single layer of the prepared slurry to be 15~22mm;

[0037] T4. Under controlled ambient temperature of 15~60℃ and humidity of 40~70%, cure for 120 hours;

[0038] T5. Using tools appropriate for ancient buildings, peel the dried dressing off the surface of the ancient building.

[0039] The salt removal and maintenance method for ancient buildings described in this invention achieves efficient salt removal while shortening the maintenance time by using the salt removal dressing of this invention. The construction steps of the salt removal method are simple, reducing the need for multiple salt removal coating processes. Furthermore, the process of peeling off and drying the dressing is relatively simple, making it less likely to damage the surface of the ancient building itself, reducing the possibility of damage to the ancient building due to salt removal, and improving the effectiveness of the protection of the ancient building.

[0040] Preferably, in the ancient building salt removal and maintenance method of the present invention, T1 further includes the step of: drilling a sample from the wall of the ancient building before salt removal;

[0041] The step following T5 is: drilling samples from the walls of the ancient building after salt removal.

[0042] The samples before and after salt removal were dissolved and dispersed separately, and then subjected to ion chromatography analysis; the salt removal efficiency was ≥85%; the calculation formula for the salt removal efficiency is Formula 1:

[0043] Salt removal efficiency (%) = (Total ions before treatment - Total ions after treatment) / Total ions before treatment × 100%.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, by taking samples before and after applying the salt-removing dressing and then comparing them, a more accurate salt removal rate is obtained. This verifies that the salt-removing dressing of the present invention has a high salt removal efficiency. Using the test as a reference, if the salt removal efficiency is less than 80%, the reliability of salt removal maintenance for ancient buildings can be further improved by adjusting the dressing thickness or by applying the dressing and maintaining the maintenance time multiple times.

[0045] Preferably, in the ancient building salt removal and maintenance method of the present invention, T4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0046] If the ambient temperature is 25~35℃, then the curing time is 72~120 hours;

[0047] If the ambient temperature is <25℃, the surface of the ancient building should be supplemented with heating to a surface temperature of 50~60℃ and maintained for 12~24 hours.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, by taking corresponding heating measures or curing times for different ambient temperatures, it is possible to better match the drying rate and salt absorption rate of the salt-removing dressing, thereby achieving more precise control over the salt removal from the wall and further improving the effectiveness of salt removal from ancient buildings.

[0049] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0050] 1. The salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings can form a wet fiber slurry. The fibers interweave to form a three-dimensional network structure, and porous adsorption filler fills the gaps between the fibers. Camphor exists in a microcrystalline or dissolved state on the fiber surface and in the pores. When applied to the surface of the ancient building, the moisture inside the dressing carries the salt to the surface, and the camphor sublimates, leaving microporous channels to promote the outward migration of salt and accelerate salt discharge, thereby effectively improving the salt absorption efficiency and achieving a desalination rate of ≥85% within 120 hours.

[0051] 2. The borneol in the dressing can reduce the surface tension of the dressing slurry, improve its wettability and permeability, enhance its interfacial bonding with the brick body, and improve the reliability of salt absorption.

[0052] 3. The salt-removing dressing uses the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of borneol to inhibit the biological weathering of bricks by microorganisms. Combined with the aromatic odor and terpene structure of borneol, it has the effect of repelling and inhibiting feeding of various wall pests. On the basis of achieving efficient salt removal, it can also play a beneficial role in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and preventing pests from invading the ancient buildings under maintenance.

[0053] 4. The salt removal and maintenance method for ancient buildings has excellent construction performance, good fluidity of the dressing slurry, and strong penetration promotion, which can quickly enter the micropores of the brick. The dressing is easy to peel off after drying, leaving no secondary salt residue. There is no secondary pollution or damage during the construction process, making it green, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly. The dressing is weakly alkaline, does not corrode the surface of the blue bricks, and does not introduce new soluble salts, achieving efficient salt removal and effective protection for ancient buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow for preparing the salt-draining dressing of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation process of the salt removal and maintenance method for ancient buildings according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0058] Example 1:

[0059] refer to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 5-10 parts of borneol, 50-85 parts of plant fiber pulp, and 10-20 parts of porous adsorption filler.

[0060] It should be noted that the borneol described in this invention can be natural borneol such as camphor, menthol, or borneol, or it can be industrial borneol, such as synthetic borneol. In this embodiment, the borneol is preferably industrial borneol.

[0061] The borneol-containing desalination dressing of this invention is a wet fiber slurry in which fibers interweave to form a three-dimensional network structure, and porous fillers fill the gaps between the fibers. Borneol exists in a microcrystalline or dissolved state on the fiber surface and in the pores. After drying, the fiber network provides mechanical strength and can be peeled off as a whole; the sublimation of borneol leaves micropores, forming desalination channels; the carrier particles are bridged by inorganic cementing materials to form a three-dimensional network structure, which has a certain mechanical strength, with a compressive strength of 0.5~1.2 MPa, and will not damage the brick.

[0062] The plant fiber pulp described in this invention is understood as a fibrous material pulp prepared from plants, more specifically, such as wood pulp, injection pulp, or paper pulp; it provides a skeletal carrier for dressings and provides wet strength and film-forming properties.

[0063] The porous adsorption filler described in this invention can be one of diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and attapulgite. In this preferred embodiment, the porous adsorption filler comprises diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and attapulgite mixed in a predetermined weight ratio. The predetermined weight ratio is understood to be rationally set based on the material, environment, and age of the protected ancient building.

[0064] In this preferred embodiment, the raw materials further include 5-15 parts by weight of inorganic cementitious material; the slurry viscosity of the dressing is 100-130 mm. The inorganic gel filler of this invention has the function of adjusting alkalinity and enhancing adhesion to bricks. Common inorganic gel fillers for construction can be selected, such as quicklime.

[0065] In this preferred embodiment, the raw materials further include the following additives by weight: penetration promoter, water-retaining agent, and retarder. The penetration promoter described in this invention is understood as an agent that reduces the surface tension of the dressing and promotes the diffusion of camphor, such as one or more of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate; the water-retaining agent is used to control the rate of moisture evaporation of the dressing and prolong the effective action time, and can be a common water-retaining agent, or preferably one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; the retarder regulates the setting speed of the paste, and can be a common retarder, or preferably citric acid or sodium gluconate.

[0066] In this preferred embodiment, the raw materials further include deionized water; the deionized water is used to adjust the concentration of the desalination dressing. By preparing deionized water in the raw materials, a dispersion medium can be formed, and the dressing can be further adjusted to a suitable paste concentration, for example, to a paste concentration of 8~15wt%, thereby more precisely controlling the rate of moisture evaporation of the dressing and achieving more effective desalination of ancient buildings.

[0067] More specifically, the raw material components of the salt-draining dressing of the present invention can be used in the amounts shown in Table 1;

[0068] Table 1: More specific examples of the raw materials described in this embodiment;

[0069]

[0070] The porous adsorption filler described in this embodiment can be diatomaceous earth; the inorganic cementing material is preferably quicklime / white cement, which has the function of adjusting alkalinity and enhancing adhesion to the brick body; the penetration promoter is preferably fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether / sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate; the water retention agent is preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose / hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; and the retarder is preferably citric acid / sodium gluconate.

[0071] Compared with existing technologies, the salt-removing dressing of the present invention has the following significant advantages: First, it has high salt-removing efficiency. Within the same construction time of 120 hours, the removal rate of soluble salts Na2SO4, NaCl, and NaNO3 is ≥85%, which is better than the 50%~65% of traditional dressings. Second, it has a large salt-removing depth, which can effectively remove salt from a depth of 5~15mm below the surface of the brick, avoiding the phenomenon of surface removal and internal accumulation. Third, it has a biological synergistic protective effect, inhibiting bacteria and preventing mold, such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma, with an inhibition rate of ≥90% against common molds on walls; it also repels insects and prevents moths, with a significant repellency effect against wood-boring insects, termites, silverfish, etc., with a repellency rate of ≥85%.

[0072] After the salt-removing dressing of the present invention was used for the actual salt removal of ancient buildings during maintenance, material samples of the ancient buildings after salt removal were taken for testing, and the test results are shown in Table 2 below; Table 2: Ion detection results of samples before / after salt removal experiment of ancient buildings using salt-removing dressing:

[0073]

[0074] Table 2 shows that sample F is a material sample of the ancient building collected before the salt removal experiment; sample E is a material sample of the ancient building after the use of traditional salt removal dressings or methods; and sample D is a material sample of the ancient building after the salt removal experiment using the salt removal dressing of the present invention. All the ancient building material samples were taken from the same protected ancient building. As shown in Table 2, after the salt removal experiment, traditional salt removal dressings or methods resulted in salt consolidation or redistribution to the surface of the ancient building walls, and harmful ions showed a tendency to increase in concentration. After use, the salt removal dressing of the present invention, compared to traditional salt removal dressings or methods, showed a significant reduction in harmful chloride ions, harmful sulfate ions, and harmful nitrate ions, indicating that the salt removal dressing of the present invention has a significant salt removal effect.

[0075] The salt-removing dressing of the present invention was used in a salt-removing experiment for the maintenance of an ancient building. Material samples of the ancient building before and after salt removal were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 3.

[0076] Table 3: Ion detection results of samples before and after salt removal experiments of ancient buildings using the salt removal dressing of the present invention.

[0077]

[0078] Table 3 shows the material samples of the ancient building before the salt removal experiment in Sample Room 2, and the material samples of the hanging building after the salt removal experiment in Sample Room 1. All the ancient building material samples were taken from the same ancient building. This indicates that the salt removal dressing described in this invention achieves a good salt removal effect.

[0079] Comparative Example 1:

[0080] Traditional salt-removing dressings and methods were used in a salt-removing experiment for the maintenance of an ancient building. Material samples of the ancient building were tested before and after salt removal, and the test results are shown in Table 4.

[0081] Table 4: Ion Detection Results of Samples Before and After Salt Removal Experiments Using Traditional Salt Removal Dressings on Ancient Buildings

[0082]

[0083] Table 4 shows material samples of the ancient building before the salt removal experiment in sample room G, and material samples of the hanging building after the salt removal experiment in sample room A. All material samples were taken from the same ancient building. As can be seen from Table 4, while traditional salt removal dressings or methods achieve salt removal for nitrate ions, they do not have a significant salt removal effect for sulfate ions. Sulfate ions tend to aggregate or redistribute on the wall surface, resulting in low or incomplete salt removal efficiency.

[0084] Example 2:

[0085] refer to Figure 1 As shown, based on Example 1, this example discloses a method for preparing a salt-removing dressing, which can prepare the salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings as described in this invention, including the following steps:

[0086] S1. Dilute the plant fiber pulp with water, beat it with a pulping machine to obtain a slurry; dry mix borneol and porous adsorption filler to obtain a dry mixture;

[0087] S2. Add plant fiber dry material to the dry mixture, and then pre-press it into a sheet to obtain a dressing sheet;

[0088] Alternatively, the dry mixture can be added to the slurry and stirred to disperse, thereby obtaining a dressing slurry.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the method further includes the following steps: S3, adding deionized water to the dressing slurry to adjust the concentration of the dressing slurry to 8-15 wt%; aging the mixture after stirring to dissolve camphor in the plant fiber slurry and adsorb it onto the surface of the plant fibers; S4, allowing the mixture to stand or degas it under vacuum to obtain the finished dressing product, and then sealing and packaging the finished dressing product.

[0090] Specifically, the preparation method of the salt-draining dressing disclosed in this embodiment is implemented by the following method, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0091] The first step is pulp beating: Take plant fiber pulp, wood pulp or bamboo pulp, add deionized water to dilute to a concentration of 5%~10%, and beat with a beater to a freeness of 25~35°SR, which is the Schubert freeness, so that the fibers are fully bend and the interlacing ability is improved.

[0092] The second step is dry material premixing: Weigh out industrial camphor, porous adsorption filler, inorganic cementitious material, penetration promoter, water retention agent, and retarder by weight, and dry mix them in a mixer for 3-5 minutes until uniform.

[0093] The third step is pulp mixing: gradually add the dry mix to the prepared pulp while stirring, and continue stirring for 10 to 15 minutes to ensure that the components are evenly dispersed in the fiber pulp.

[0094] The fourth step is to adjust the concentration: add deionized water to adjust the slurry concentration to 8-15 wt%, stir thoroughly, and then age for 10-20 minutes to allow the camphor to partially dissolve and be adsorbed onto the fiber surface.

[0095] Step 5, Degassing: Allow to stand or degas under vacuum to remove air bubbles from the slurry and prevent large pore defects after drying.

[0096] Step 6, Packaging: Once prepared, it should be used immediately or sealed in packaging to prevent camphor from evaporating. It is recommended to complete the application within 4 hours.

[0097] In this preferred embodiment, the prepared dressing paste or dressing sheet is measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with an HP-5MS column of 30m × 0.25mm × 0.25μm. The specific steps include:

[0098] Step 1, Sampling: Take a certain amount of wet pulp (or dried pulp flakes) and weigh it;

[0099] Step 2, Pretreatment: Add anhydrous ethanol and sonicate for 30 min, filter, and make up to volume;

[0100] Step 3, Temperature program: Hold at 60℃ for 2 min, increase to 200℃ at 10℃ / min, hold for 5 min; Carrier gas: He; Inlet temperature: 250℃; Detector: MS, SIM mode, m / z 95, Borneol characteristic ions;

[0101] Step 4, Quantification: External standard method, using synthetic borneol as a standard to create a standard curve;

[0102] Step 5, Indicator: Obtain the formula value of borneol content.

[0103] Example 3:

[0104] refer to Figure 2 As shown, based on Example 1 or Example 2, this example discloses a salt-removal maintenance method for ancient buildings, using the salt-removal dressing described in Example 1 or Example 2 for maintaining ancient buildings, including the following steps:

[0105] T1. Clean the surface of the ancient building;

[0106] T2. Prepare the desalination dressing into a pre-concentrated slurry.

[0107] T3. Apply the prepared slurry to the surface of the ancient building; control the thickness of a single layer of the prepared slurry to be 15~22mm;

[0108] T4. Under controlled ambient temperature of 15~60℃ and humidity of 40~70%, cure for 120 hours;

[0109] T5. Using tools appropriate for ancient buildings, peel the dried dressing off the surface of the ancient building.

[0110] It should be noted that the tools used in this invention to match ancient buildings are understood to be tools with a lower hardness or better flexibility than the hardness of the ancient building, such as rubber shovels, selected to avoid damaging the ancient building itself. In addition, the dressing formula and warranty method of this invention result in a dressing that is porous and has a low density after drying, making it easy to peel off from the surface of the ancient building.

[0111] Based on the aforementioned desalination dressing, this invention exhibits excellent workability, with a smooth slurry that is easy to apply; strong penetration-promoting properties that allow it to quickly enter the micropores of the brick; easy peeling after drying without leaving any secondary salt residue; no secondary pollution or damage during the entire construction process, making it green, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly; and a weakly alkaline pH of 7.5~8.5 that does not corrode the surface of the brick and does not introduce new soluble salts.

[0112] More specifically, the raw materials of the salt-draining dressing described in this invention, after formulation and testing, show that they can achieve the performance shown in Table 5; the wet tensile strength in the test was determined according to GB / T24328.3-2009, the porosity was determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry or nitrogen adsorption method, and the pH value was determined by adding 10g of pulp to 100mL of deionized water, stirring for 10min, and measuring with a pH meter.

[0113] Table 5: Performance parameters of the preferred salt-draining dressing in this embodiment;

[0114]

[0115] In a preferred embodiment, step T1 further includes the step of drilling a sample from the wall of the ancient building before salt removal; step T5 further includes the step of drilling a sample from the wall of the ancient building after salt removal.

[0116] The samples before and after salt removal were dissolved and dispersed and then analyzed by ion chromatography; the salt removal efficiency was ≥85%; the salt removal efficiency was calculated as follows: Salt removal efficiency (%) = (total ions before treatment - total ions after treatment) / total ions before treatment × 100%.

[0117] In this preferred embodiment, T4 specifically includes the following steps: if the ambient temperature is 25~35℃, then the curing time is 72~120h; if the ambient temperature is <25℃, then the surface of the ancient building is auxiliary heated to a surface temperature of 50~60℃ and maintained for 12~24h.

[0118] More specifically, the borneol desalination dressing of the present invention is used for desalination construction of the blue brick walls of historical buildings, including the following steps:

[0119] Step 1: Surface pretreatment of ancient buildings: Remove floating dust, moss, oil stains and original coatings from the brick surface; use dry ice cleaning process to treat surface dirt of ancient buildings, and use soft brush or low-pressure air blowing to clean severely efflorescent areas; control the moisture content of the brick body between 10% and 25%;

[0120] Step 2, Pulp Dressing Preparation: Prepare the pulp immediately according to the aforementioned preparation method, and break it into a uniform pulp before use.

[0121] Step 3, Coating Application: Apply the camphor salt-removing dressing evenly to the surface of the bricks using a brush, scraper, or sprayer. The thickness of a single layer in a wet state should be 15-22mm. For severely salt-damaged areas, two layers can be applied multiple times. The pulp should be in full contact with the brick surface, without any hollow areas or air bubbles.

[0122] Step 4, Curing and Salt Removal: Under natural curing conditions, the temperature is 15~35℃ and the relative humidity is 40%~70%, and the curing time is 72~120h. When the ambient temperature is <25℃ or a high salt removal depth is required, auxiliary heating is used to control the surface temperature of the brick at 50~60℃ for 12~24h. During the curing period, the moisture inside the pulp carries the salt to the surface and the sublimation of camphor leaves microporous channels, which accelerates the removal of salt.

[0123] Step 5, Pulp Removal: Once the pulp is completely dry, with a moisture content of <10%, gently scrape it off with a wooden or plastic scraper. The pulp is usually removed in whole sheets or large pieces, leaving very little residue. Waste pulp is collected and recycled, making the construction process green and pollution-free.

[0124] Step 6, Effect Testing: Evaluate according to the testing method of this invention. If the desalination rate is <80%, the construction can be repeated once.

[0125] The salt removal efficiency detection method of the present invention uses an on-site method to detect salt removal efficiency, and preferably includes the following steps:

[0126] Step 1, Sampling: Before and after the salt removal treatment, take powder samples (Φ5mm×10mm) from the surface of the brick and at depths of 5mm and 10mm.

[0127] Step 2, Pretreatment: Add deionized water to the sample at a mass ratio of 1:5, sonicate for 30 minutes, and filter;

[0128] Step 3: Ion chromatography analysis: Determination of the concentrations of Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and other ions;

[0129] Step 4: Calculation: Salt removal efficiency (%) = (Total ions before treatment - Total ions after treatment) / Total ions before treatment × 100%.

[0130] In this preferred embodiment, the antibacterial rate of the wall after salt removal was also tested using the agar diffusion method or the film application method. The bacterial strains included Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma. The specific steps included:

[0131] After drying, the pulp sample was attached to the surface of PDA medium inoculated with mold and incubated at 28°C for 72 hours. The diameter of the inhibition zone was then measured.

[0132] The inhibition rate (%) is calculated as follows: (control colony area - sample colony area) / control colony area × 100%.

[0133] In this preferred embodiment, the insect repellency rate of the wall after salt removal was also tested using a repellency method. The insect species included were termites, wood-boring beetles, and silverfish. The specific steps included:

[0134] The device uses a Y-shaped olfactory sensor or a circular repulsion test box;

[0135] The pulp sample was placed in the test area, and the control group was pulp without camphor. Equal amounts of test insects were placed in each area, and the distribution of test insects in the sample area and control area was recorded at 30 min and 60 min.

[0136] Calculate the repellency rate (%) = (number of insects in the control area - number of insects in the sample area) / total number of insects × 100%.

[0137] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings, characterized in that, The following raw materials are included in parts by weight: Borneol 5-10%, plant fiber pulp 50-85%, porous adsorption filler 10-20%.

2. The salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The borneol mentioned is industrial borneol.

3. The salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous adsorption packing material includes diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and attapulgite mixed in a set weight ratio.

4. The salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials also include 5-15% inorganic cementitious materials by weight; the paste viscosity of the dressing is 100-130 mm.

5. The salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw materials also include the following additives by weight: penetration enhancer, water-retaining agent, and retarder.

6. A method for preparing a salt-draining dressing, characterized in that, The method for preparing a salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings as described in any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: S1. Dilute the plant fiber pulp with water, beat it with a pulping machine to obtain a slurry; dry mix borneol and porous adsorption filler to obtain a dry mixture; S2. Add plant fiber dry material to the dry mixture, and then pre-press it into a sheet to obtain a dressing sheet; Alternatively, the dry mixture can be added to the slurry and stirred to disperse, thereby obtaining a dressing slurry.

7. The method for preparing the salt-draining dressing according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: S3. Add deionized water to the dressing paste to adjust the concentration of the dressing paste to 8-15 wt%; after stirring and aging, dissolve camphor in the plant fiber paste and adsorb it onto the surface of the plant fiber. S4. Allow to stand or degas under vacuum to obtain the finished dressing, and then seal and package the finished dressing.

8. A method for salt removal and maintenance of ancient buildings, characterized in that, The salt-removing dressing for the maintenance of ancient buildings as described in any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: T1. Clean the surface of the ancient building; T2. Prepare the desalination dressing into a pre-concentrated slurry. T3. Apply the prepared slurry to the surface of the ancient building; control the thickness of a single layer of the prepared slurry to be 15~22mm; T4. Under controlled ambient temperature of 15~60℃ and humidity of 40~70%, cure for 120 hours; T5. Using tools appropriate for ancient buildings, peel the dried dressing off the surface.

9. The salt removal and maintenance method for ancient buildings according to claim 8, characterized in that, The T1 also includes the step of drilling samples from the walls of the ancient building before salt removal; The step following T5 is: drilling samples from the walls of the ancient building after salt removal. The samples before and after salt removal were dissolved and dispersed separately, and then subjected to ion chromatography analysis; the salt removal efficiency was ≥85%; the calculation formula for the salt removal efficiency is Formula 1: Salt removal efficiency (%) = (Total ions before treatment - Total ions after treatment) / Total ions before treatment × 100%.

10. The salt removal and maintenance method for ancient buildings according to claim 8, characterized in that, The T4 specifically includes the following steps: If the ambient temperature is 25~35℃, then the curing time is 72~120 hours; If the ambient temperature is <25℃, the surface of the ancient building should be supplemented with heating to a surface temperature of 50~60℃ and maintained for 12~24 hours.

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