A habitat adaptive photovoltaic support device

Abstract

The application discloses a habitat type self-adaptive photovoltaic support device and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic equipment. The device comprises a support base, a photovoltaic panel, an outer sleeve assembly, an inner telescopic assembly and a first driving motor. The outer sleeve assembly is composed of multiple telescopic sleeves. The inner telescopic assembly comprises multiple threaded sleeves which are sequentially screwed. The shaft end of the first driving motor is provided with a centrifugal disc core with a centrifugal lock pin. The centrifugal disc core is externally provided with a driving pulley. The outer periphery of the lowermost threaded sleeve is provided with a driven pulley. The two are connected through a transmission belt. When the first driving motor rotates at a high speed, the centrifugal lock pin slides out of the driving pulley in the radial direction under the centrifugal force, drives each sleeve to rotate into each other in the axial direction and to be telescoped and contracted downward, and lowers the height of the photovoltaic panel. The device solves the technical problems that the existing device cannot effectively reduce the height to avoid wind, and that there is mechanical motion interference between height adjustment transmission and azimuth tracking rotation and that friction loss is serious.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic equipment technology, specifically relating to a habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of clean energy technologies, solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation has been widely applied worldwide. In PV power generation systems, photovoltaic panels typically need to be securely mounted on support bases and PV support devices to ensure normal operation and resist external loads. To maximize the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the PV panels, existing support devices usually have angle adjustment functions, enabling the PV panels to rotate circumferentially in azimuth and finely adjust their tilt angle, thus achieving real-time tracking of the sun's trajectory. Since PV panels often operate in open, outdoor areas for extended periods, their structural safety not only affects the normal operation of the power generation equipment but also directly determines the investment efficiency and lifespan of the PV power station.

[0003] However, due to the large windward area of ​​photovoltaic panels, existing fixed-height support devices, unable to adjust their own height, generate enormous overturning moments at the top of the photovoltaic panels during extreme weather events such as storms and heavy rain. This can easily lead to overload, breakage, or damage to the bottom rotating transmission mechanism and locking gears, and may even cause the entire foundation at the support base to collapse. Even if some devices can tilt the photovoltaic panels to a horizontal position in strong winds, a significant gap remains between the photovoltaic panels and the ground or support base. Strong winds flowing through this gap can easily generate a powerful upward force on the bottom of the photovoltaic panels, potentially lifting and destroying them along with the support mechanism. Existing photovoltaic support structures cannot effectively reduce height and eliminate wind pressure pathways at the bottom of the photovoltaic panels. Furthermore, attempts to introduce lifting or tightening mechanisms often face the problem of rigid connections between the adjustment drive and the daily rotating transmission. This results in severe motion interference and reverse torsional resistance between the two transmission systems during normal horizontal tracking rotation, significantly increasing the system's adjustment resistance and transmission losses, and easily leading to transmission jamming and motor burnout. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device to solve the technical problems in the prior art, such as the inability of existing devices to effectively reduce height for wind protection, and the serious mechanical motion interference and frictional loss between height adjustment transmission and orientation tracking rotation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention includes a photovoltaic panel, a support base, an outer sleeve assembly, and an inner telescopic assembly. The support base has a hollow cavity structure and is fixed to the ground. The inner telescopic assembly includes multiple threaded sleeves connected sequentially from top to bottom. The inner side of the lower threaded sleeve is threaded to the outer side of the upper threaded sleeve, and the bottom of the lowest threaded sleeve is rotatably disposed on the inner bottom surface of the support base. A first drive motor is also fixedly installed inside the support base. A centrifugal disc is fixedly provided at the end of the rotating shaft of the first drive motor. A drive pulley is rotatably fitted around the outer circumference of the centrifugal disc. The centrifugal disc is equipped with a mechanism that, under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotation, A centrifugal locking pin capable of sliding radially out and locking the driving pulley is provided; a driven pulley is fixedly provided on the outer circumferential surface of the lowest threaded sleeve; the driving pulley and the driven pulley are connected by a transmission belt; the outer sleeve assembly includes multiple telescopic sleeves with square cross-sections that are sequentially slidably nested together; the lowest telescopic sleeve is vertically slidably connected to the top surface of the main body of the support base, and the rotation between adjacent telescopic sleeves is restricted; the inner telescopic assembly is located inside the outer sleeve assembly, and the upper end of the uppermost threaded sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner side of the uppermost telescopic sleeve; the photovoltaic panel is installed on the top of the uppermost telescopic sleeve.

[0006] Optionally, the threaded sleeve is closed at the bottom and open at the top. A first guide rod is vertically fixed to the bottom of the inner side of the lower threaded sleeve. A limiting stop is provided at the top of the first guide rod. The first guide rod of the lower threaded sleeve slides vertically through the bottom plate of the upper threaded sleeve. The limiting stop is blocked by the bottom plate of the upper threaded sleeve to limit its upward movement limit and prevent each stage of the threaded sleeve from disengaging.

[0007] Optionally, the support base is fixedly provided with an inner support platform located above the first drive motor. The inner support platform has a central through hole, and an external gear turntable is rotatably arranged in the central through hole. The center of the external gear turntable has an axially arranged central opening for the threaded sleeve at the bottom end to pass through. The outer circumference of the external gear turntable is provided with external circumferential meshing teeth. A linear guide groove is provided on the upper surface of the main body of the inner support platform, and a drive rack that meshes with the external circumferential meshing teeth is slidably arranged in the linear guide groove.

[0008] Optionally, a second adjusting electric cylinder is fixedly installed on the bottom side of the inner support platform. The output end of the second adjusting electric cylinder passes vertically upward through the inner support platform and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drive rack.

[0009] Optionally, an outer annular retaining ring is fixedly fitted on the outer wall of the bottom end of the telescopic sleeve at the lowest point. The outer annular retaining ring has two or more circumferential guide grooves around the axis. Multiple second guide rods are fixedly fitted on the top side of the outer toothed turntable around the center hole of the turntable. The second guide rods extend vertically upward and slide into the corresponding circumferential guide grooves, so as to drive the outer toothed turntable to rotate through the second adjusting electric cylinder and drive the entire outer sleeve assembly to rotate and adjust horizontally.

[0010] Optionally, two downward-protruding hinged support plates are symmetrically fixed in the middle of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel, and a swing shaft is horizontally and fixedly installed in the upper part of the telescopic sleeve. The two hinged support plates are respectively located on the outer sides of the telescopic sleeve and are rotatably connected to the two exposed ends of the swing shaft.

[0011] Optionally, the swing shaft has a hollow cavity inside, and a first adjusting electric cylinder is coaxially fixed inside the hollow cavity. A transmission worm gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the first adjusting electric cylinder. The transmission worm gear is slidably connected to one end of the swing shaft through a third guide rod and is circumferentially restricted to rotate relative to it. A second drive motor is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the middle part of the photovoltaic panel, and a transmission worm is fixedly connected to the rotation output end of the second drive motor.

[0012] Optionally, when the first adjusting electric cylinder retracts, the transmission worm wheel is pulled to engage axially with the transmission worm; when the first adjusting electric cylinder extends axially, the transmission worm wheel slides out of the transmission engagement range of the transmission worm, thereby releasing the circumferential constraint on the photovoltaic panel and allowing the photovoltaic panel to automatically adjust to a horizontal state under the action of gravitational torque.

[0013] Optionally, the centrifugal disc core has multiple radially extending accommodating cavities inside, the centrifugal locking pin is slidably disposed in the accommodating cavity, and the end of the centrifugal locking pin near the rotation center is provided with an outwardly protruding inner shoulder. A return spring is fitted between the inner shoulder and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity to provide elastic force to retract the centrifugal locking pin inward. A locking pin hole matching and inserting with the centrifugal locking pin is formed around the inner cylindrical surface of the drive pulley that contacts the centrifugal disc core.

[0014] Optionally, a bellows-style sealing ring with an axial corrugated folding structure is fixedly connected around the outer periphery of the bottom side of the photovoltaic panel. This ring is used to press against the top surface of the main body of the support base and generate axial elastic deformation when the outer sleeve assembly and inner telescopic assembly are in the contracted state. The outer wall of the support base has an inclined surface structure that slopes inward from bottom to top, forming an integral trapezoidal shape. The bottom contour area of ​​the photovoltaic panel is smaller than the contour area of ​​the top surface of the support base.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This device achieves active retraction protection under extreme weather conditions. A first drive motor drives multiple interlocking threaded sleeves to rotate. Since the uppermost threaded sleeve is fixed to the outer sleeve assembly and its rotation is restricted, the relative rotation is converted into axial contraction motion. This pulls the multiple square telescopic sleeves in the outer sleeve assembly downwards to retract, rapidly lowering the photovoltaic panel's height. This significantly reduces the wind load and system center of gravity during storms, ensuring the overall structural safety. This device possesses a highly efficient self-decoupling function. It utilizes a centrifugal disc core, centrifugal locking pin, and drive pulley at the end of the first drive motor to form a centrifugal clutch structure. Transmission is achieved only under the centrifugal force generated by the motor's rotation; when the motor is stationary, the drive pulley is in a completely decoupled idling state, cutting off the transmission path between the lowermost threaded sleeve and the motor. This avoids the reverse transmission of torque to the motor during horizontal rotation adjustment of the photovoltaic panel, completely eliminating motion interference between the azimuth adjustment and the vertical retraction mechanism, reducing adjustment resistance, system wear, and operating energy consumption.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent to those skilled in the art in some respects, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following figures are provided for illustration: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic support device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the photovoltaic support device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point B; Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic support device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point C; Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged diagram of point D; Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the centrifugal disc core in an embodiment of the present invention; The following are labels in the attached diagram: 1. Photovoltaic panel; 2. Support base; 31. Telescopic sleeve; 32. Outer annular retaining ring; 33. Circular guide groove; 34. Bellows-type sealing ring; 41. Threaded sleeve; 42. First guide rod; 43. Limiting stop; 51. Centrifugal disc core; 52. Drive pulley; 53. Transmission belt; 54. Centrifugal locking pin; 55. Inner shoulder; 56. Return spring; 57. Locking pin hole; 58. Driven pulley; 59. First drive motor; 61. Swing shaft; 62. First adjusting electric cylinder; 63. Transmission worm gear; 64. Third guide rod; 65. Second drive motor; 66. Transmission worm; 67. Hinge support plate; 71. Inner support platform; 72. External gear turntable; 74. Outer peripheral meshing teeth; 75. Linear guide groove; 76. Drive rack; 77. Second adjusting electric cylinder; 78. Second guide rod. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0019] Please refer to the figures. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the disclosed technical content. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0020] The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only. These embodiments can be combined and are not limited to the content shown in any single embodiment below.

[0021] This invention provides a habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the device includes a support base 2, which is a hollow block structure fixed to the ground by bolts or other fasteners. Specifically, the sides of the support base 2 are inclined, forming a hollow platform shape, such as a trapezoid, with a horizontal main base plate, four side wall plates sloping inwards from bottom to top, and a horizontal main top plate. These plates together form the hollow cavity inside the support base 2. Inside the hollow cavity of the support base 2, above its bottom surface, is an inner support platform 71. This inner support platform 71 is fixedly installed in the hollow interior of the support base 2, specifically by welding or bracketing to the inner side wall or base plate of the support base 2. The inner support platform 71 is a horizontal plate structure with a central through-hole penetrating its upper and lower panels.

[0022] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a linear guide groove 75 is also provided on the surface of the inner support platform 71. The linear guide groove 75 extends horizontally along the radial or transverse direction of the inner support platform 71 and has a straight groove structure. A drive rack 76 is slidably arranged in the linear guide groove 75, and the drive rack 76 can reciprocate linearly along the length direction of the linear guide groove 75. On the bottom side of the inner support platform 71, that is, the side facing the inner bottom surface of the support base 2, a second adjusting electric cylinder 77 is fixedly arranged. The second adjusting electric cylinder 77 has an axially extending telescopic cylinder structure, and its cylinder body is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the inner support platform 71 by a mounting bracket. Its piston rod extends horizontally as the output end. The output end of the second adjusting electric cylinder 77 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the end of the drive rack 76. Specifically, the end of the piston rod of the second adjusting electric cylinder 77 passes vertically upward through the inner support platform 71 or the linear guide groove 75 through a connecting block and is firmly locked to the bottom of one end of the drive rack 76. An external geared disc 72 is rotatably mounted within the central through-hole of the aforementioned inner support platform 71. This external geared disc 72 has a flat, disc-shaped structure with outwardly protruding peripheral meshing teeth 74 on its outer circumference. The external geared disc 72 is rotatably connected to the wall of the central through-hole via bearings, allowing it to rotate horizontally around its central vertical axis. The peripheral meshing teeth 74 of the external geared disc 72 mesh with the aforementioned drive rack 76, which is slidably mounted within the linear guide groove 75, converting the linear motion of the drive rack 76 into the horizontal rotational motion of the external geared disc 72. A central opening, penetrating the upper and lower end faces of the external geared disc 72, is provided in the center of the external geared disc 72 along its axial direction to provide an internal passage. Multiple second guide rods 78 are fixedly mounted around the axis of the top side plate of the external geared disc 72. These second guide rods 78 are all cylindrical rods extending vertically upwards. They are arranged in a circle with equal intervals around the central opening of the turntable, and their lower ends are all vertically fixed to the top surface of the external toothed turntable 72.

[0023] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, a first drive motor 59 is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the hollow cavity inside the support base 2. This first drive motor 59 is located below the aforementioned inner support platform 71, and its motor housing is fixed to the inner bottom plate of the support base 2 by bolts. Its rotating output shaft extends vertically upwards. At the top of the rotating output shaft of the first drive motor 59, a centrifugal disc core 51 is fixedly installed. This centrifugal disc core 51 has a flat, disc-shaped structure, and its center is coaxially keyed or fastened to the rotating output shaft of the first drive motor 59. On the outer side of the centrifugal disc core 51, a drive pulley 52 is rotatably installed. This drive pulley 52 has a hollow annular wheel structure, and its inner ring surface is fitted onto the outer circumference of the centrifugal disc core 51 by bearings, allowing the drive pulley 52 and the centrifugal disc core 51 to rotate freely relative to each other without radial locking. On the inner wall of the drive pulley 52, that is, the annular inner wall surface that contacts and faces the outer periphery of the centrifugal disc 51, multiple pairs of locking pin holes 57 are formed around its axis. These locking pin holes 57 are blind holes or through holes and are evenly distributed along the circumference. Inside the aforementioned centrifugal disc 51, multiple receiving cavities are formed along its radial axis, and each receiving cavity is provided with a centrifugal locking pin 54. The centrifugal locking pin 54 has a stepped shaft-like or cylindrical structure, which can slide inward and outward along the radial direction of the centrifugal disc 51. At one end of each centrifugal locking pin 54 near the center of rotation, there is an outwardly protruding annular inner shoulder 55. Inside the receiving cavity of the centrifugal disc 51, and sleeved on the outer periphery of the centrifugal locking pin 54, a return spring 56 is provided for support. One end of the return spring 56 abuts against the inner wall of the accommodating cavity of the centrifugal disc core 51, and the other end abuts against the inner shoulder 55 of the centrifugal locking pin 54. Under the radial inward elastic force of the return spring 56, the centrifugal locking pin 54 is pressed and held inside the centrifugal disc core 51, so that its outer end retracts to a position that does not exceed the outer circumferential surface of the centrifugal disc core 51. When the output shaft of the first drive motor 59 rotates, it drives the centrifugal disc core 51 to rotate at high speed and generate sufficient centrifugal force. The centrifugal locking pin 54 can overcome the resistance of the return spring 56 and slide out radially. Its outer end can extend out of the outer circumferential surface of the centrifugal disc core 51 and insert into the locking pin hole 57 opened in the inner wall of the drive pulley 52, realizing the rotational transmission locking between the centrifugal disc core 51 and the drive pulley 52.

[0024] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the device includes an internal telescopic assembly. This assembly is located in the center of the hollow cavity of the support base 2 and extends from bottom to top. Specifically, the internal telescopic assembly comprises four threaded sleeves 41 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The bottom of the lowest threaded sleeve 41 is rotatably connected to the hollow bottom surface inside the support base 2 via a bearing. A driven pulley 58 is fixedly arranged around the outer wall of the lowest threaded sleeve 41. This driven pulley 58 is located below the aforementioned inner support platform 71 and is at the same horizontal level as the aforementioned driving pulley 52. ​​A transmission belt 53 is tensioned and wound between the driving pulley 52 and the driven pulley 58, connecting them via the transmission belt 53. The upper end of the lowest threaded sleeve 41 is open, and its inner side is provided with internal threads. In the intermediate threaded sleeve 41 structure of the internal telescopic assembly, the inner wall of the lower threaded sleeve 41 is provided with internal threads, and the outer wall of the upper threaded sleeve 41 is provided with external threads. The inner side of the lower threaded sleeve 41 and the outer side of the upper threaded sleeve 41 are connected by axial threaded overlap. For the uppermost threaded sleeve 41, external threads are only provided on its outer circumferential surface, and its inner surface is a smooth surface without internal threads. For the lowermost threaded sleeve 41, internal threads are only provided on its inner surface, and its outer surface does not need to be provided with internal threads. The bottom of each threaded sleeve 41 is a closed base plate structure, and its top is an open structure. At the bottom inner side of the lower threaded sleeve 41, a first guide rod 42 is vertically fixed upward. The first guide rod 42 is a slender rod structure, and its lower end is vertically fixed to the bottom plate surface of the lower threaded sleeve 41. At the top end of the first guide rod 42, a limiting stop 43 with a radial dimension larger than the outer diameter of the rod body is provided. A central sliding hole is provided on the bottom surface of the adjacent upper threaded sleeve 41. The first guide rod 42 of the lower threaded sleeve 41 passes upward through the central sliding hole and is slidably connected to the upper threaded sleeve 41. The diameter of the central sliding hole at the bottom of the upper threaded sleeve 41 is smaller than the outer diameter of the limiting stop 43 at the top end of the first guide rod 42. This means that when the upper threaded sleeve 41 extends upward to its limit position, its bottom inner surface will be blocked and restricted by the limiting stop 43 at the end of the first guide rod 42, thereby limiting its continued upward movement and preventing the threaded sleeves 41 at each stage from separating from each other.

[0025] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, an outer sleeve assembly is fitted around the periphery of the aforementioned inner telescopic assembly. This outer sleeve assembly has a hollow, tower-like structure, housing the entire inner telescopic assembly. Specifically, the outer sleeve assembly includes five telescopic sleeve segments 31, which are nested and slidably connected from top to bottom. Each telescopic sleeve 31 is a thin-walled cylindrical structure with a square cross-section and four vertically connected sidewalls. Due to the square cross-section, adjacent nested telescopic sleeves 31 cannot rotate relative to each other in the lateral direction, thus restricting their mutual rotation. Among these five telescopic sleeve segments 31, the uppermost segment slides inside the adjacent lower segment. The bottom end of the lowest telescopic sleeve 31 has a downward-opening structure. The aforementioned inner telescopic assembly is entirely located within the hollow channel of the outer sleeve assembly. The uppermost threaded sleeve 41 extends upward and is fixedly connected to the inner sidewall of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31. The top surface of the uppermost threaded sleeve 41 is firmly fixedly connected to the inner top plate of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31, ensuring that the vertical movement and rotation of the uppermost threaded sleeve 41 are synchronized with those of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31. An outer annular retaining ring 32 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the bottom end of the aforementioned lowermost telescopic sleeve 31. This outer annular retaining ring 32 has an outwardly protruding horizontal ring structure, surrounding and fixed to the outer circumference of the bottom end of the lowermost telescopic sleeve 31. Several circumferential guide grooves 33 are formed around the outer circumferential surface of the outer annular retaining ring 32, extending along its axis. These circumferential guide grooves 33 have an arc-shaped groove structure extending in the circumferential direction. The aforementioned multiple second guide rods 78, fixed to the top side of the external gear rotary table 72, extend upwards and are respectively inserted into the circumferential guide grooves 33 opened on the outer annular retaining ring 32 at the bottom of the lowest telescopic sleeve 31. The outer circumferential surface of the second guide rod 78 maintains a sliding fit with the groove wall of the circumferential guide groove 33. Through this sliding fit structure, when the aforementioned second adjusting electric cylinder 77 is activated and drives the external gear rotary table 72 to rotate within a certain angle range, the second guide rods 78 on the external gear rotary table 72 can move the outer annular retaining ring 32 through the circumferential guide groove 33, thereby driving the lowest telescopic sleeve 31 and the entire outer sleeve assembly to perform overall axial rotation adjustment around the central vertical axis.

[0026] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 7As shown, a photovoltaic panel 1 is installed at the top of the telescopic sleeve 31 of the uppermost section of the outer sleeve assembly. Specifically, two downwardly protruding hinged support plates 67 are symmetrically fixed in the middle of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. These two hinged support plates 67 are parallel plates, with their surfaces extending perpendicular to the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 and protruding downwards. A swing shaft 61 is horizontally and fixedly installed in the upper part of the telescopic sleeve 31 of the uppermost section of the outer sleeve assembly. The swing shaft 61 is a hollow cylindrical structure, with its two ends horizontally protruding from the two opposite side walls of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31. The two hinged support plates 67 fixed to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 1 are located on the outer sides of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31, and each of the two hinged support plates 67 has a shaft hole. The two hinged support plates 67 are rotatably connected to the two ends of the swing shaft 61 exposed on the outer side of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31 through their shaft holes. Inside the hollow swing shaft 61, there is a hollow cavity in which a first adjusting electric cylinder 62 is housed. The cylinder body of the first adjusting electric cylinder 62 is coaxially fixed to the inner wall of the swing shaft 61, and its piston rod extends horizontally outward along the axial direction of the swing shaft 61 as the output end. A transmission worm gear 63 is fixedly installed on the output end of the first adjusting electric cylinder 62. The transmission worm gear 63 has an external gear structure with a central shaft hole. A sliding connection is achieved between the central shaft hole of the transmission worm gear 63 and the end of the swing shaft 61 exposed on the outer side of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31 through a third guide rod 64. Specifically, the third guide rod 64 is a pin arranged along the axial direction of the swing shaft 61, which restricts relative rotation between the transmission worm gear 63 and the swing shaft 61, but allows the transmission worm gear 63 to slide horizontally along the axial direction of the swing shaft 61. A second drive motor 65 is also fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the central part of the aforementioned photovoltaic panel 1. The motor housing of the second drive motor 65 is fixed to the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel 1. Its output shaft extends horizontally, and a transmission worm 66 is fixedly installed at the end of its output shaft. The transmission worm 66 is cylindrical and has helical teeth on its outer circumference. The aforementioned transmission worm wheel 63, which is slidably sleeved on the end of the swing shaft 61, is aligned with the transmission worm 66 fixed to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 1. When the first adjusting electric cylinder 62 is in the retracted state, it pulls the transmission worm wheel 63 to slide inward along the axial direction of the swing shaft 61, so that the outer circumferential teeth of the transmission worm wheel 63 and the helical teeth of the transmission worm 66 contact each other on one side and engage and lock. When the first adjusting electric cylinder 62 is in the extended state, it pushes the transmission worm wheel 63 to slide outward along the axial direction of the swing shaft 61, so that the transmission worm wheel 63 disengages from the aligned position with the transmission worm 66, thereby sliding out of the transmission range of the transmission worm 66 and disengaging. At the bottom edge of the aforementioned photovoltaic panel 1, a bellows-style sealing ring 34 is fixedly installed around the entire edge of the bottom side of the photovoltaic panel 1.The accordion-style sealing ring 34 is an elastic rubber ring structure with a multi-fold corrugated structure. Its upper end is fixedly connected to the edge of the bottom side of the photovoltaic panel 1, and its lower end extends vertically downward to press against the top surface of the support base 2 and generate axial elastic deformation when the aforementioned outer sleeve assembly is retracted to the bottom.

[0027] The adaptive photovoltaic support device realizes the azimuth angle axial rotation adjustment, pitch angle tilt adjustment, and rapid lowering and windproof locking of the photovoltaic panel 1 through mechanical transmission.

[0028] When horizontal solar tracking of the photovoltaic panel 1 is required, the piston rod of the second adjusting electric cylinder 77 extends or retracts, pushing the drive rack 76, which is fixedly connected to the lower side of its output end, to slide precisely horizontally in the linear guide groove 75 of the inner support platform 71. As the drive rack 76 moves linearly, since the drive rack 76 is engaged with the outer peripheral meshing teeth 74 of the outer gear turntable 72, the linear sliding of the drive rack 76 is smoothly and proportionally converted into horizontal rotation of the outer gear turntable 72 within the central through hole of the inner support platform 71. Because multiple second guide rods 78 are fixed to the top side of the outer gear turntable 72, these second guide rods 78 revolve around the axis of the outer gear turntable 72 as the outer gear turntable 72 rotates. During this revolution, the second guide rods 78 act on the circumferential guide grooves 33 on the outer annular retaining ring 32 on the outer side of the bottom of the lowest telescopic sleeve 31. The second guide rod 78 slides against the wall of the circumferential guide groove 33, applying a tangential thrust to the outer annular retaining ring 32, thereby causing the lowermost telescopic sleeve 31 to rotate horizontally. Since the five telescopic sleeves 31 in the outer sleeve assembly, which are sequentially stacked and slidably connected from bottom to top, all adopt a square cross-section cylindrical structure, and there is a tight circumferential constraint between each level of telescopic sleeve 31, the rotational torque of the lowermost telescopic sleeve 31 is transmitted seamlessly to each level of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31, ultimately causing the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31 to rotate synchronously. The photovoltaic panel 1, fixed to the top of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31, then rotates with high precision in axial horizontal orientation to achieve tracking and adjustment of the sun's horizontal orientation. During this process, since the uppermost threaded sleeve 41 is fixedly connected to the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31, when the photovoltaic panel 1 and the outer sleeve assembly rotate, the entire inner telescopic assembly also rotates horizontally. Since the bottom of the threaded sleeve 41 at the bottom end is rotatably mounted on the inner bottom surface of the support base 2 through the bearing seat, the bottom end of the entire inner telescopic assembly is not subject to circumferential constraint when it rotates. Thus, it can rotate synchronously with the outer sleeve assembly without resistance interference, effectively avoiding mechanical jamming or torsional interference between the inner and outer telescopic mechanisms.

[0029] During the aforementioned horizontal azimuth tracking adjustment or routine small-angle fine-tuning of the photovoltaic panel 1's tilt angle, the first drive motor 59 remains stationary. Since the first drive motor 59 does not rotate, the centrifugal disc core 51 at the top of its output shaft is stationary. At this time, the centrifugal locking pins 54 within the centrifugal disc core 51 remain retracted under the inward radial force of the return spring 56. The inner shoulder 55 inside each centrifugal locking pin 54 tightly presses against the return spring 56, causing the outer end of the centrifugal locking pin 54 to completely retract into the edge contour of the centrifugal disc core 51. In this state, no circumferential connection is established between the drive pulley 52 and the centrifugal disc core 51, and the drive pulley 52 is in an idle state. Since the driving pulley 52 is connected to the driven pulley 58 on the lowest threaded sleeve 41 via the transmission belt 53, this disengaged state ensures that the lowest threaded sleeve 41 can rotate freely when rotating with the inner telescopic assembly, without transmitting the rotational resistance to the stationary first drive motor 59 due to the belt drive. This greatly reduces the motor load during azimuth rotation and ensures the flexibility of azimuth adjustment.

[0030] When the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 needs to be adjusted, it is mainly accomplished by the cooperation of the first adjusting electric cylinder 62 and the second drive motor 65. During normal operation of the photovoltaic panel 1, the first adjusting electric cylinder 62, which is installed in the hollow cavity of the swing shaft 61, is in the retracted state by default. When the first adjusting electric cylinder 62 is in the retracted state, its piston rod pulls the transmission worm gear 63 to slide inward along the axial direction of the swing shaft 61. Since the transmission worm gear 63 and one end of the swing shaft 61 are connected by a spline or sliding pin through the third guide rod 64, the transmission worm gear 63 can only slide axially on the swing shaft 61, while it is rigidly synchronized with the swing shaft 61 in the circumferential direction. Therefore, the transmission worm gear 63 cannot rotate relative to the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31. As the transmission worm gear 63 is pulled to a position corresponding to the transmission worm 66 of the second drive motor 65 fixed on the bottom surface of the middle part of the photovoltaic panel 1, the external teeth of the transmission worm gear 63 mesh with the helical groove of the transmission worm 66. At this time, the second drive motor 65 is started to rotate, and the transmission worm 66 at the end of its output shaft rotates accordingly. Since the transmission worm wheel 63 is in a circumferentially locked state, the rotation of the transmission worm 66 will react on the housing of the second drive motor 65, thereby causing the photovoltaic panel 1, which is fixed to the housing of the second drive motor 65, to swing horizontally around the swing shaft 61. The two hinged support plates 67 at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 1 will then rotate slightly at both ends of the swing shaft 61, so that the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 can be adjusted with high precision. When the second drive motor 65 stops rotating, due to the excellent heavy-load self-locking characteristics of the worm gear transmission mechanism, the static locking state between the transmission worm 66 and the transmission worm wheel 63 can effectively lock the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 1.

[0031] In the event of strong winds or impending extreme weather, the first adjusting electric cylinder 62 inside the hollow swing shaft 61 extends rapidly under the drive of the control system. The output end of the first adjusting electric cylinder 62 pushes the transmission worm gear 63 outward along the axial direction, causing the transmission worm gear 63 to slide along the third guide rod 64 and out of the transmission range of the transmission worm 66. In this state, the transmission worm gear 63 disengages from the transmission worm 66, and the photovoltaic panel 1 loses the rigid circumferential limit of the second drive motor 65 and the worm gear mechanism, changing its constraint state to free hinge. Under the action of its own center of gravity or the gravitational eccentric torque, the photovoltaic panel 1 can generate a downward tilting tendency with the swing shaft 61 as the fulcrum, and quickly and automatically tend to a horizontal position. With the photovoltaic panel 1 in a horizontal or safe posture, the first drive motor 59 located at the bottom of the support base 2 starts at high speed. The rotating output shaft of the first drive motor 59 drives the centrifugal disk core 51 to rotate at high speed. As the rotational speed rapidly increases, the centrifugal locking pin 54 inside the centrifugal disc 51 overcomes the inward pulling force of the return spring 56 under the action of strong centrifugal force and extends outward along the radial slide of the centrifugal disc 51. The outer end of the centrifugal locking pin 54 protrudes from the outer circumferential surface of the centrifugal disc 51 and precisely inserts into the locking pin hole 57 on the inner ring surface of the idling drive pulley 52 during rotation. At this point, a reliable mechanical hard connection is achieved between the drive pulley 52 and the output shaft of the first drive motor 59. The drive pulley 52 rotates, transmitting high-torque rotational power to the driven pulley 58 on the side wall of the lowest threaded sleeve 41 via the transmission belt 53. The driven pulley 58 begins to rotate, driving the lowest threaded sleeve 41 to rotate around its axis.

[0032] Because the top of the uppermost threaded sleeve 41 is rigidly connected to the inner top surface of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31 of the outer sleeve assembly, and because each level of the square telescopic sleeve 31 cannot rotate in the circumferential direction, the uppermost threaded sleeve 41 is completely restricted from rotating in the circumferential direction. When the lowermost threaded sleeve 41 rotates under the drive of the driven pulley 58, because the uppermost threaded sleeve 41 cannot rotate, the threaded pairs of the threaded sleeves 41 rotate relative to each other, thereby causing each threaded sleeve 41 to screw into each other. Because a first guide rod 42 and a limiting stop 43 are provided between adjacent threaded sleeves 41, when the threaded sleeve 41 retracts downward, the upper end of the limiting stop 43 of the first guide rod 42 of each level will pass vertically downward through the bottom of the adjacent threaded sleeve 41, thereby assisting in guidance and orderly restricting the retraction. Under the drive of the threaded pairs, each level of threaded sleeve 41 gradually retracts and is stored downward as a whole. During the axial shortening of the inner telescopic assembly, the uppermost threaded sleeve 41, fixedly connected to the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31, exerts a strong downward vertical pulling force on the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31. The uppermost telescopic sleeve 31 slides downward inside the outer sleeve assembly, pushing or pulling the remaining square telescopic sleeves 31 downward in stages. The telescopic sleeves 31 of the outer sleeve assembly nest and retract step by step, rapidly reducing the height, and the entire outer sleeve assembly is thus locked and secured under heavy load.

[0033] As both the outer sleeve assembly and the inner telescopic assembly are retracted to their lowest positions, the photovoltaic panel 1, mounted on top of the uppermost telescopic sleeve 31, is lowered to the height closest to the top surface of the support base 2. During this descent and contact process, the suspended lower end face of the accordion-style sealing ring 34, which is positioned around the bottom edge of the photovoltaic panel 1, first contacts the upper surface of the main body top plate of the support base 2. As the inner telescopic assembly is further slightly pulled downwards, the accordion-style sealing ring 34 undergoes axial elastic compression deformation due to the downward thrust and the effect of its hollow corrugated accordion folding structure. The compressed accordion-style sealing ring 34 tightly abuts against and presses against the upper surface of the main body top plate of the support base 2, completely and elastically enclosing and sealing the gap between the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel 1 and the top surface of the main body of the support base 2, preventing high-speed storms and rainwater from intruding through the bottom gap. This physically eliminates the overturning and shearing forces of the rising airflow on the photovoltaic panel 1, completing the overall low-height rigid locking windproof operation of this adaptive photovoltaic support device under extreme weather conditions.

[0034] Through its ingenious structural design, this adaptive photovoltaic support device possesses a strong active protection capability against extreme weather. When facing storms, the first drive motor 59 drives multiple threaded sleeves 41 to screw into each other, pulling multiple square-section telescopic sleeves 31 to simultaneously fold downwards, minimizing the overall height of the outer sleeve assembly and inner telescopic assembly, thus greatly reducing the system's center of gravity and windward area. At the same time, the accordion-style sealing ring 34 at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 1 is tightly fitted and elastically compressed with the main body top plate of the support base 2, completely blocking the air passage under the photovoltaic panel 1, eliminating the overturning and shearing forces of the rising airflow on the photovoltaic panel 1, and ensuring the safety of the entire unit under severe weather conditions such as strong typhoons. This device also achieves efficient and interference-free dual-axis tracking. Utilizing a centrifugal clutch mechanism consisting of a centrifugal disc core 51, a centrifugal locking pin 54, and a return spring 56, the drive pulley 52 is in a completely idle state when not in a lifting or lowering position. This cuts off the path of the lowermost threaded sleeve 41 rotating in the reverse direction to the first drive motor 59, completely eliminating circumferential motion interference between the horizontal azimuth adjustment and vertical lifting mechanisms, significantly reducing motor load and mechanical wear during daily horizontal tracking. The device features high-precision adjustment and rapid passive safety features. Stable azimuth angle control is achieved through the meshing transmission of the second adjusting electric cylinder 77, the drive rack 76, and the external gear turntable 72. Meanwhile, the first adjusting electric cylinder 62 controls the instantaneous disengagement of the transmission worm gear 63 from the transmission worm 66. This not only enables reliable pitch angle self-locking during normal operation through the worm gear pair, but also releases circumferential constraints in case of sudden emergencies. Utilizing the eccentric torque of gravity, the photovoltaic panel 1 adaptively and quickly approaches a horizontal posture, greatly shortening the windproof response time. The structure is compact and rationally designed, possessing excellent stability and protective performance.

[0035] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device, characterized in that: The system includes a photovoltaic panel (1), a support base (2), an outer sleeve assembly, and an inner telescopic assembly. The support base (2) has a hollow cavity structure and is fixed to the ground. The inner telescopic assembly includes multiple threaded sleeves (41) connected sequentially from top to bottom. The inner side of the lower threaded sleeve (41) is threaded to the outer side of the upper threaded sleeve (41). The bottom of the lowest threaded sleeve (41) is rotatably disposed on the inner bottom surface of the support base (2). A first drive motor (59) is also fixedly installed inside the support base (2). A centrifugal disc (51) is fixedly provided at the end of the rotating shaft of the first drive motor (59). A drive pulley (52) is rotatably fitted on the outer circumference of the centrifugal disc (51). The centrifugal disc (51) is provided with a mechanism that allows it to move along the centrifugal force generated by rotation. A centrifugal locking pin (54) slides out radially and locks the driving pulley (52). A driven pulley (58) is fixedly provided on the outer circumferential surface of the lowest threaded sleeve (41). The driving pulley (52) and the driven pulley (58) are connected by a transmission belt (53). The outer sleeve assembly includes multiple telescopic sleeves (31) with square cross-sections that are sequentially slidably nested together. The lowest telescopic sleeve (31) is vertically slidably connected to the top surface of the main body of the support base (2), and the rotation between adjacent telescopic sleeves (31) is restricted. The inner telescopic assembly is located inside the outer sleeve assembly, and the upper end of the uppermost threaded sleeve (41) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the uppermost telescopic sleeve (31). The photovoltaic panel (1) is installed on the top of the uppermost telescopic sleeve (31).

2. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The threaded sleeve (41) is closed at the bottom and open at the top. A first guide rod (42) is vertically fixed at the bottom of the inner side of the lower threaded sleeve (41). A limiting stop (43) is provided at the top of the first guide rod (42). The first guide rod (42) of the lower threaded sleeve (41) slides vertically through the bottom plate of the upper threaded sleeve (41). The limiting stop (43) is blocked by the bottom plate of the upper threaded sleeve (41) to limit its upward movement limit and prevent the threaded sleeves (41) of each stage from falling off.

3. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support base (2) is fixedly provided with an inner support platform (71) located above the first drive motor (59). The inner support platform (71) has a central through hole. An external gear turntable (72) is rotatably arranged in the central through hole. The central opening of the external gear turntable (72) is axially provided in the middle of the turntable, allowing the threaded sleeve (41) at the lowest end to pass through. The outer circumference of the external gear turntable (72) is provided with outer peripheral meshing teeth (74). A linear guide groove (75) is provided on the upper surface of the main body of the inner support platform (71). A drive rack (76) that meshes with the outer peripheral meshing teeth (74) is slidably arranged in the linear guide groove (75).

4. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second adjusting electric cylinder (77) is fixedly installed on the bottom side of the inner support platform (71). The output end of the second adjusting electric cylinder (77) passes vertically upward through the inner support platform (71) and is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drive rack (76).

5. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 4, characterized in that: An outer annular retaining ring (32) is fixedly fitted on the outer side wall of the bottom end of the telescopic sleeve (31). The outer annular retaining ring (32) has two or more circumferential guide grooves (33) around the axis on its outer circumferential surface. Multiple second guide rods (78) are fixedly fitted on the top side of the outer toothed turntable (72) around the center hole of the turntable. The second guide rods (78) extend vertically upward and slide into the corresponding circumferential guide grooves (33) respectively, so as to drive the outer toothed turntable (72) to rotate through the second adjusting electric cylinder (77) and drive the entire outer sleeve assembly to rotate horizontally.

6. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two downward-protruding hinged support plates (67) are symmetrically fixed in the middle of the bottom surface of the photovoltaic panel (1). A swing shaft (61) is horizontally and fixedly installed in the upper part of the telescopic sleeve (31). The two hinged support plates (67) are located on the outer sides of the telescopic sleeve (31) and are rotatably connected to the exposed ends of the swing shaft (61).

7. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The swing shaft (61) has a hollow cavity inside, and a first adjusting electric cylinder (62) is coaxially fixed inside the hollow cavity. The output end of the first adjusting electric cylinder (62) is fixedly connected to a transmission worm gear (63). The transmission worm gear (63) is slidably connected to one end of the swing shaft (61) through a third guide rod (64) and is circumferentially restricted to rotate relative to it. A second drive motor (65) is fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the middle part of the photovoltaic panel (1). The rotation output end of the second drive motor (65) is fixedly connected to a transmission worm gear (66).

8. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the first adjusting electric cylinder (62) retracts, the transmission worm gear (63) is pulled to engage with the transmission worm (66) axially; when the first adjusting electric cylinder (62) extends axially, the transmission worm gear (63) slides out of the transmission engagement range of the transmission worm (66) to release the circumferential constraint on the photovoltaic panel (1), so that the photovoltaic panel (1) automatically adjusts to a horizontal state under the action of gravitational torque.

9. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centrifugal disc (51) has multiple radially extending accommodating cavities inside. The centrifugal locking pin (54) is slidably disposed in the accommodating cavity. The centrifugal locking pin (54) has an outwardly protruding inner shoulder (55) at one end near the rotation center. A return spring (56) is fitted between the inner shoulder (55) and the inner wall of the accommodating cavity to provide elastic force for the centrifugal locking pin (54) to retract inward. A locking pin hole (57) is formed around the inner cylindrical surface of the drive pulley (52) that contacts the centrifugal disc (51) and is matched and inserted into the centrifugal locking pin (54).

10. The habitat-type adaptive photovoltaic support device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel (1) has a bellows-type sealing ring (34) with an axial corrugated folding structure fixedly connected around the outer periphery of the bottom side. This ring is used to press against the top surface of the main body of the support base (2) and generate axial elastic deformation when the outer sleeve assembly and inner telescopic assembly are in the contracted state. The outer wall of the support base (2) has an inclined surface structure that slopes inward from bottom to top and is in the shape of an integral trapezoid. The bottom contour area of ​​the photovoltaic panel (1) is smaller than the contour area of ​​the top surface of the support base (2).

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