Welding method, device and apparatus for graphene-aluminum alloy

Abstract

The application discloses a welding method, device and equipment for a graphene-aluminum alloy, and relates to the technical field of welding. The method comprises the following steps: performing metallization treatment on the surface of a graphene film to obtain a first connecting surface. The surface of an aluminum alloy part is subjected to metallization treatment to obtain a second connecting surface. The first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are assembled together, and tin-based solder is applied to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain an assembly component. Based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly component, the spot formed by blue laser light is adjusted. The adjusted blue laser light is controlled to irradiate and heat the assembly surface in the assembly component from the direction of the graphene film according to irradiation parameters, so that the tin-based solder is melted and wetted on the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, and a welded joint is formed after cooling. The low-temperature welding of the graphene film and the aluminum alloy component is realized, the structural integrity of the graphene film is protected, and the influence on the non-welding area is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding technology, and in particular to a welding method, apparatus and equipment for graphene-aluminum alloys. Background Technology

[0002] Graphene films, due to their extremely high in-plane thermal conductivity (reaching 1000–5000 W / (m·K)), have been widely used in recent years in fields such as heat dissipation for electronic devices, thermal management of power batteries, and aerospace thermal control systems. In practical engineering applications, it is usually necessary to connect a fluid pipeline (commonly made of aluminum alloy) containing coolant or phase change working fluid to the graphene film to construct an efficient heat transfer loop and achieve rapid heat import or export.

[0003] In related technologies, the connection between graphene film and aluminum alloy mainly adopts the following methods.

[0004] Method 1: The assembled aluminum tube and graphene film are placed in a vacuum heating furnace for vacuuming and heating, which melts the brazing filler metal pre-coated at the connection interface and forms a connection after cooling.

[0005] Method 2: Use traditional welding methods (such as argon arc welding) to weld the graphene film and aluminum alloy.

[0006] However, when using the first method for overall heating, the graphene film needs to withstand high temperatures (usually above 400°C). Graphene films are prone to oxidation, structural defects, and thermal conductivity degradation at high temperatures, leading to a significant decrease in the overall performance of the device. Moreover, the use of a vacuum heating furnace requires heating and vacuuming, resulting in long heating and cooling cycles, low production efficiency, and high operating costs.

[0007] When using the second method for welding, the traditional welding method has a large heat input, which not only burns or oxidizes the graphene film, but also creates a wide heat-affected zone, causing the graphene film and aluminum alloy pipe in the non-welding area to be affected by heat. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a welding method for graphene-aluminum alloys, which enables low-temperature welding of graphene films and aluminum alloy components, protects the structural integrity of the graphene film, and reduces the impact on non-welded areas.

[0009] In a first aspect, a welding method for graphene-aluminum alloys is provided. The method includes: metallizing the surface of a graphene film using magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain a first connecting surface, the first connecting surface including a first metal layer formed on the surface of the graphene film; the first metal layer comprising a magnetron sputtering layer and an electroplated thickening layer, the first metal layer comprising copper and titanium carbide, or only copper, wherein the titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in the form of nanoparticles in a copper substrate to inhibit copper diffusion into the graphene film and / or increase the strength of the first metal layer; and metallizing the surface of an aluminum alloy part using chemical plating or electroplating to obtain a second connecting surface, the second connecting surface including a second metal layer formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part. The first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are bonded together and assembled, and tin-based solder is applied to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain an assembly assembly; the spot formed by the blue laser is adjusted based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly; the adjusted blue laser is controlled to irradiate and heat the assembly surface in the assembly assembly from the direction of the graphene film according to the irradiation parameters, so that the tin-based solder melts and wets the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, and a welded joint is formed after cooling; wherein, the irradiation parameters include: the processing temperature of the blue laser is 150℃~350℃, and the irradiation time of the blue laser is 25 seconds~60 seconds.

[0010] This application provides a welding solution for graphene-aluminum alloys. By using a blue laser to irradiate and heat the assembly surfaces in the assembly component, the tin-based solder melts and wets the first and second connecting surfaces. After cooling, a welded joint is formed. Since the processing temperature of the blue laser is only 150℃ to 350℃, which is much lower than that of traditional brazing (usually >600℃) and vacuum heating furnace, low-temperature welding of graphene film and aluminum alloy components is achieved. This avoids oxidation, structural defect proliferation and thermal conductivity decay of graphene film at high temperatures, effectively maintaining the intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene.

[0011] In addition, the titanium carbide nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix. During the welding process, the titanium atoms in TiC and the carbon atoms on the surface of the graphene film form a Ti-C chemical bonding interface, realizing the improvement from traditional physical adsorption (van der Waals forces) to chemical bonding. This significantly improves the bonding strength between the aluminum alloy components and the graphene film, and the peel strength can reach 1.5 to 5 times that of the pure copper metallization layer.

[0012] Moreover, taking advantage of the light transmittance of graphene film, blue laser light passes through the graphene film from the side and directly heats the assembly surface, allowing heat to be conducted from the inside of the welding interface to the outside. Tin-based solder melts before the surface of the graphene film, avoiding the problem of overheating of the graphene film caused by external heating methods. This achieves a low-heat-damage welding mode with interface-priority heating, and also has a small impact on non-welding areas.

[0013] One possible implementation is to adjust the spot size of the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly, specifically as follows: With a single blue laser beam available, the spot parameters of the blue laser are adjusted based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain a first spot; wherein the shape of the first spot matches the shape of the assembly surface, and the size of the first spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

[0014] Another possible implementation, based on the shape of the assembly surface, adjusts the spot size of the blue laser, specifically as follows: In the case of multiple blue lasers, based on the shape of the assembly surface, the spot parameters of each of the multiple blue lasers are adjusted to obtain a second spot corresponding to each blue laser; wherein, the shape of the combined spot formed by splicing the second spots corresponding to each of the multiple blue lasers matches the shape of the assembly surface; the size of the combined spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

[0015] Another possible implementation involves metallizing the surface of the graphene film using magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain the first connecting surface. Specifically, this is achieved as follows: The surface of the graphene film is metallized by magnetron sputtering to form a magnetron sputtering layer of first thickness on the surface of the graphene film; the surface of the graphene film is metallized by electroplating to form an electroplating thickening layer of second thickness on the magnetron sputtering layer; the first connection surface is obtained based on the magnetron sputtering layer and the electroplating thickening layer; wherein the first thickness is 10nm to 500nm and the second thickness is 1μm to 50μm.

[0016] Another possible implementation is to fit and assemble the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface together, specifically as follows: The first connecting surface on the graphene film and the second connecting surface on the aluminum alloy part are pressed and fixed by a tooling fixture; wherein the pressing and fixing pressure is 0.03MPa to 0.08MPa.

[0017] In another possible implementation, the wavelength of the aforementioned blue laser is 440nm to 460nm, and the power of the blue laser is 500W to 2000W.

[0018] Another possible implementation is that the mass percentage of titanium carbide in the first metal layer is 1% to 20%.

[0019] Secondly, a welding system for graphene-aluminum alloys is provided. The system includes: a blue laser generator, a blue laser welding head, a control mechanism, tooling equipment, a first coating equipment, and a second coating equipment. The control mechanism is connected to the blue laser generator, and the blue laser generator generates blue laser light which is emitted through the blue laser welding head.

[0020] A first coating apparatus is used to metallize the surface of a graphene film by magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain a first connecting surface. The first connecting surface includes a first metal layer formed on the surface of the graphene film. The first metal layer is composed of a magnetron sputtering layer and an electroplated thickening layer. The composition of the first metal layer includes copper and titanium carbide, or only copper. The titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in the copper substrate in the form of nanoparticles to suppress the diffusion of copper into the graphene film and / or increase the strength of the first metal layer.

[0021] The second plating equipment is used to metallize the surface of an aluminum alloy part by chemical plating or electroplating to obtain a second connecting surface. The second connecting surface includes a second metal layer formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part. The second metal layer is a nickel layer, a copper layer, or a composite layer of nickel and copper layers.

[0022] Tooling equipment is used to fit and assemble the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, and to apply tin-based solder to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain an assembly component.

[0023] A control mechanism is used to adjust the spot formed by the blue laser generated by the blue laser generator based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly.

[0024] A control mechanism is used to control the adjusted blue laser to irradiate and heat the assembly surface of the assembly component from the direction of the graphene film according to the irradiation parameters, so that the tin-based solder melts and wets the first connection surface and the second connection surface, and forms a welded joint after cooling.

[0025] The irradiation parameters include: the processing temperature of the blue laser is 150℃-350℃, and the irradiation duration of the blue laser is 25 seconds-60 seconds.

[0026] One possible implementation is that the aforementioned control mechanism is specifically used to: when there is a single blue laser, adjust the spot parameters of the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain a first spot; wherein the shape of the first spot matches the shape of the assembly surface, and the size of the first spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

[0027] In another possible implementation, the aforementioned control mechanism is specifically used to: in the case of multiple blue lasers, adjust the spot parameters of each of the multiple blue lasers based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain a second spot corresponding to each blue laser; wherein, the shape of the combined spot formed by splicing the second spots corresponding to each of the multiple blue lasers matches the shape of the assembly surface; and the size of the combined spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

[0028] In another possible implementation, the aforementioned first coating apparatus is specifically used for: metallizing the surface of the graphene film using the magnetron sputtering method to generate a magnetron sputtering layer of a first thickness on the surface of the graphene film; metallizing the surface of the graphene film using the electroplating method to generate an electroplating thickening layer of a second thickness on the magnetron sputtering layer; and obtaining the first connecting surface based on the magnetron sputtering layer and the electroplating thickening layer; wherein the first thickness is 10 nm to 500 nm, and the second thickness is 1 μm to 50 μm.

[0029] Another possible implementation is that the aforementioned tooling equipment is specifically used to press and fix the first connecting surface on the graphene film and the second connecting surface on the aluminum alloy part using a tooling fixture; wherein the pressing and fixing pressure is 0.03MPa to 0.08MPa.

[0030] In another possible implementation, the wavelength of the aforementioned blue laser is 440nm to 460nm, and the power of the blue laser is 500W to 2000W.

[0031] Another possible implementation is that the mass percentage of titanium carbide in the first metal layer is 1% to 20%.

[0032] Thirdly, a welding apparatus for graphene-aluminum alloys is provided, the apparatus comprising: a metallization module, an assembly module, and a control module.

[0033] A metallization module is used to metallize the surface of a graphene film by magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain a first connecting surface. The first connecting surface includes a first metal layer formed on the surface of the graphene film. The first metal layer is composed of a magnetron sputtering layer and an electroplated thickening layer. The composition of the first metal layer includes copper and titanium carbide, or only copper. The titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in the form of nanoparticles in the copper substrate to suppress the diffusion of copper into the graphene film and / or increase the strength of the first metal layer.

[0034] The metallization module is further used to perform metallization treatment on the surface of the aluminum alloy part by chemical plating or electroplating to obtain a second connecting surface. The second connecting surface includes a second metal layer formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part. The second metal layer is a nickel layer, a copper layer, or a composite layer of a nickel layer and a copper layer.

[0035] An assembly module is used to fit and assemble the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, and to apply tin-based solder to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain an assembly component.

[0036] The control module is used to adjust the spot formed by the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly.

[0037] The control module is used to control the adjusted blue laser to irradiate and heat the assembly surface of the assembly component from the direction of the graphene film according to the irradiation parameters, so that the tin-based solder melts and wets the first connection surface and the second connection surface, and forms a welded joint after cooling.

[0038] The irradiation parameters include: the processing temperature of the blue laser is 150℃-350℃, and the irradiation duration of the blue laser is 25 seconds-60 seconds.

[0039] One possible implementation is that the control module described above is specifically used to: when there is a blue laser, adjust the spot parameters of the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain a first spot; wherein the shape of the first spot matches the shape of the assembly surface, and the size of the first spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

[0040] In another possible implementation, the aforementioned control module is specifically used to: when there are multiple blue lasers, adjust the spot parameters of each of the multiple blue lasers based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain a second spot corresponding to each blue laser; wherein, the shape of the combined spot formed by splicing the second spots corresponding to each of the multiple blue lasers matches the shape of the assembly surface; and the size of the combined spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

[0041] In another possible implementation, the metallization module described above is specifically used to: metallize the surface of the graphene film using the magnetron sputtering method to generate a magnetron sputtering layer of a first thickness on the surface of the graphene film; metallize the surface of the graphene film using the electroplating method to generate an electroplating thickening layer of a second thickness on the magnetron sputtering layer; and obtain the first connection surface based on the magnetron sputtering layer and the electroplating thickening layer; wherein the first thickness is 10 nm to 500 nm, and the second thickness is 1 μm to 50 μm.

[0042] In another possible implementation, the above assembly module is specifically used to: press and fix the first connecting surface on the graphene film and the second connecting surface on the aluminum alloy part using a tooling fixture; wherein the pressing and fixing pressure is 0.03MPa to 0.08MPa.

[0043] In another possible implementation, the wavelength of the aforementioned blue laser is 440nm to 460nm, and the power of the blue laser is 500W to 2000W.

[0044] Another possible implementation is that the mass percentage of titanium carbide in the first metal layer is 1% to 20%.

[0045] The third aspect provides a graphene-aluminum alloy welding apparatus for performing the graphene-aluminum alloy welding method provided in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect. The technical effects corresponding to any implementation of the third aspect can be found in the technical effects corresponding to any implementation of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0046] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a welding apparatus, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described above.

[0047] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip including at least one processor, the processor being configured to execute program instructions to implement the method as described above.

[0048] The solutions provided in aspects four and five above are used to implement the method provided in aspect one above, and their specific implementations will not be described in detail here. The technical effects corresponding to any implementation method in the solutions provided in aspects four and five above can be found in the technical effects corresponding to any implementation method in aspect one above, and will not be described in detail here.

[0049] It should be noted that any of the possible implementations of any of the above aspects can be combined, provided that the solutions do not contradict each other. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a welding system for graphene-aluminum alloy provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a welding method for graphene-aluminum alloy provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a welded joint provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a graphene-aluminum alloy welding apparatus provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] In the embodiments of this application, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and the terms "first" and "second" are not necessarily different. The technical features described by "first" and "second" have no sequential or size order.

[0053] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner to facilitate understanding.

[0054] In the embodiments of this application, at least one can also be described as one or more, and multiple can be two, three, four or more, and this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0055] Furthermore, the network architecture and scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0056] It should be noted that the information (including but not limited to device information, user personal information, etc.), data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) and signals involved in this application are all authorized by the subject or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with relevant laws, regulations and standards.

[0057] Graphene films, due to their extremely high in-plane thermal conductivity (reaching 1000–5000 W / (m·K)), have been widely used in recent years in fields such as heat dissipation for electronic devices, thermal management of power batteries, and aerospace thermal control systems. In practical engineering applications, it is usually necessary to connect a fluid pipeline (commonly made of aluminum alloy) containing coolant or phase change working fluid to the graphene film to construct an efficient heat transfer loop and achieve rapid heat import or export.

[0058] In related technologies, the connection between graphene film and aluminum alloy mainly adopts the following methods.

[0059] Method 1: The assembled aluminum tube and graphene film are placed in a vacuum heating furnace for vacuuming and heating, which melts the brazing filler metal pre-coated at the connection interface and forms a connection after cooling.

[0060] Method 2: Use traditional welding methods (such as argon arc welding) to weld the graphene film and aluminum alloy.

[0061] However, when using the first method for overall heating, the graphene film needs to withstand high temperatures (usually above 400°C). Graphene films are prone to oxidation, structural defects, and thermal conductivity degradation at high temperatures, leading to a significant decrease in the overall performance of the device. Moreover, the use of a vacuum heating furnace requires heating and vacuuming, resulting in long heating and cooling cycles, low production efficiency, and high operating costs.

[0062] When using the second method for welding, the traditional welding method has a large heat input, which not only burns or oxidizes the graphene film, but also creates a wide heat-affected zone, causing the graphene film and aluminum alloy pipe in the non-welding area to be affected by heat.

[0063] Because graphene films are chemically inert, their interaction with common metals such as copper and aluminum is limited to van der Waals forces, resulting in extremely low interfacial bonding strength, which makes it difficult to meet the reliability requirements of engineering applications. Furthermore, graphene films have an extremely low in-plane coefficient of thermal expansion (approximately -2 × 10⁻⁻⁴). 6 / ℃~2×10⁻ 6 (°C), while the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminum alloy is as high as 20×10⁻ 6 / ℃~25×10⁻ 6 / ℃. The difference between the two exceeds 20×10⁻ 6 The difference in thermal expansion coefficients by / ℃ results in significant thermal stress during the cooling process after welding heating. This thermal stress can easily lead to cracking of the weld interface, wrinkling or even breakage of the graphene film, severely reducing the mechanical and heat transfer properties of the weld joint.

[0064] Based on this, this application provides a welding scheme for graphene-aluminum alloy. After obtaining the graphene film and the aluminum alloy part, the surface of the graphene film is metallized by magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain a first connecting surface. The first connecting surface includes a first metal layer formed on the surface of the graphene film. The first metal layer consists of a magnetron sputtering layer and an electroplated thickening layer. The composition of the first metal layer includes copper and titanium carbide, or only copper. The titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in the copper substrate in the form of nanoparticles to inhibit the diffusion of copper into the graphene film and / or increase the strength of the first metal layer. The surface of the aluminum alloy part is metallized by chemical plating or electroplating to obtain a second connecting surface. The second connecting surface includes a second metal layer formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part. The second metal layer is a nickel layer, a copper layer, or a composite layer of nickel and copper layers. The first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are fitted together, and tin-based solder is applied to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain an assembly assembly. The spot formed by the blue laser is adjusted based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly. A controlled and adjusted blue laser, according to irradiation parameters, heats the assembly surfaces of the assembly component from the direction of the graphene film, melting the tin-based solder and wetting the first and second connecting surfaces. After cooling, a welded joint is formed. The irradiation parameters include a blue laser processing temperature of 150℃ to 350℃ and an irradiation duration of 25 to 60 seconds. By using a blue laser to heat the assembly surfaces of the assembly component, melting the tin-based solder and wetting the first and second connecting surfaces, and then cooling to form a welded joint, the low-temperature welding of graphene film and aluminum alloy components is achieved, as the blue laser processing temperature is only 150℃ to 350℃, far lower than the temperatures of traditional brazing and vacuum furnaces. This avoids oxidation, structural defect proliferation, and thermal conductivity degradation of the graphene film at high temperatures, effectively preserving the intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene.

[0065] The solutions provided by the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] The solution provided in this application can be applied to Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a graphene-aluminum alloy welding system. The system includes: a blue laser generator, a blue laser welding head, a control mechanism, tooling equipment, a first coating device, and a second coating device.

[0067] The control mechanism is connected to the blue laser generator, which generates blue laser light and emits it through the blue laser welding head.

[0068] Optionally, the graphene-aluminum alloy welding system includes at least one blue light welding head. In the case where the graphene-aluminum alloy welding system includes multiple blue light welding heads, the multiple blue light welding heads can simultaneously irradiate the same position or simultaneously irradiate different positions.

[0069] The control mechanism is used to control the blue laser generator to generate blue laser light and emit it through the blue laser welding head. In addition, the control mechanism is also used to control the tooling equipment to bond and assemble the graphene film and aluminum alloy parts.

[0070] Tooling equipment is used to bond and assemble graphene films and aluminum alloy parts.

[0071] The first coating equipment is used to metallize the surface of the graphene film, thereby generating a first connecting surface on the surface of the graphene film.

[0072] The second coating equipment is used to metallize the surface of aluminum alloy parts, thereby creating a second connecting surface on the surface of the aluminum alloy parts.

[0073] Specifically, after obtaining the graphene film and the aluminum alloy part, a first coating device metallizes the surface of the graphene film, creating a first connecting surface on its surface. A second coating device metallizes the surface of the aluminum alloy part, creating a second connecting surface on its surface. A tooling device fits the first and second connecting surfaces together and applies tin-based solder to the assembly surface formed between the first and second connecting surfaces, thus obtaining the assembled assembly.

[0074] The control mechanism adjusts the spot size of the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surfaces in the assembly assembly. The control mechanism then directs the adjusted blue laser to irradiate and heat the assembly surfaces in the assembly assembly from the direction of the graphene film according to the irradiation parameters. This melts the tin-based solder and wets the first and second connecting surfaces. After cooling, a welded joint is formed, resulting in a welded part.

[0075] Figure 2A flowchart illustrating a welding method for graphene-aluminum alloys according to an exemplary embodiment of this application is shown. This embodiment illustrates the method by way of a welding system for graphene-aluminum alloys. This welding system for graphene-aluminum alloys can be... Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a welding system for graphene-aluminum alloys.

[0076] like Figure 2 As shown, the welding method for graphene-aluminum alloy includes the following steps.

[0077] Step 201: The surface of the graphene film is metallized by magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain the first connection surface.

[0078] Graphene film refers to a self-supporting thin film of a certain thickness assembled from graphene sheets, with an in-plane thermal conductivity of not less than 500 W / (m·K) and a thickness of 0.05 mm to 2 mm. The surface of the graphene film refers to the main surface of the graphene film to be connected to the aluminum alloy part.

[0079] Magnetron sputtering is a physical vapor deposition method that uses gas ions generated by glow discharge to bombard the surface of a target material, causing the target atoms or molecules to be sputtered and deposited on the surface of a graphene film. In this application, magnetron sputtering is used to form a tightly bonded underlying metal layer on the surface of the graphene film.

[0080] Electroplating methods include chemical plating and electroplating. Electroplating refers to an electrochemical deposition method in which metal ions in an electrolyte undergo an electrochemical reduction reaction on the surface of a cathode (i.e., a graphene film with a sputtered metal underlayer) under the action of an applied electric field, depositing and forming a metal coating. In this application, electroplating is used to further thicken the metal layer on the magnetron sputtered layer to obtain a metallized surface with sufficient strength and solderability.

[0081] Specifically, the surface of the graphene film is metallized by magnetron sputtering to form a magnetron sputtering layer of first thickness on the surface of the graphene film; the surface of the graphene film is metallized by electroplating to form an electroplating thickening layer of second thickness on the magnetron sputtering layer; and a first connecting surface is obtained based on the magnetron sputtering layer and the electroplating thickening layer.

[0082] The first interface includes a first metal layer formed on the surface of the graphene film. The first metal layer consists of a magnetron sputtering layer and an electroplated thickening layer.

[0083] The magnetron sputtering layer refers to the bottom metal layer generated directly on the surface of the graphene film by magnetron sputtering. Its thickness is in the nanometer range (e.g., 10 nm to 500 nm), and it is used to provide initial adhesion to the graphene film.

[0084] Electroplated thickening layer refers to a thickened metal layer formed on a magnetron sputtering layer by electroplating. Its thickness is on the micrometer scale (e.g., 1μm to 50μm), which is used to provide sufficient metal layer thickness to meet the requirements of subsequent welding for weldability and mechanical properties.

[0085] In some embodiments, the composition of the first metal layer includes copper and titanium carbide (TiC), or only copper.

[0086] When the composition of the first metal layer includes copper and titanium carbide, the titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in the copper matrix in the form of nanoparticles to suppress the diffusion of copper into the graphene film and / or increase the strength of the first metal layer.

[0087] Titanium carbide is a ceramic-phase reinforcing material with high hardness, high melting point, good chemical stability, and good interfacial compatibility with graphene. Titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in a copper matrix in the form of nanoparticles. Uniform distribution means that at the microscale of the copper matrix, the distribution density of titanium carbide nanoparticles shows no statistically significant difference, with no localized agglomeration or large-area deficiencies.

[0088] Titanium carbide in the first metal layer performs at least one of the following functions: (1) Function of inhibiting the diffusion of copper into the graphene film. Titanium carbide nanoparticles form a physical barrier layer and a chemical barrier layer between the graphene film and the copper layer. On the one hand, the titanium carbide particles form a pinning effect at the interface, blocking the channels for copper atoms to diffuse along the graphene interlayer. On the other hand, the titanium atoms in the titanium carbide form Ti-C chemical bonds with the carbon atoms on the surface of the graphene film. These chemical bonds can further reduce the interface energy and reduce the driving force for copper atoms to diffuse into the graphene interlayer.

[0089] (2) Function of increasing the strength of the first metal layer. Titanium carbide nanoparticles are dispersed in the copper matrix as a reinforcing phase, which hinders the movement of dislocations in the copper matrix, thereby improving the yield strength and creep resistance of the first metal layer. For example, the mass percentage of titanium carbide in the first metal layer is 1% to 20%, and the particle size of titanium carbide nanoparticles is 5 nm to 100 nm.

[0090] Step 202: Metallize the surface of the aluminum alloy part by chemical plating or electroplating to obtain the second connecting surface.

[0091] Among them, aluminum alloy parts refer to components made of aluminum alloy materials.

[0092] Optionally, the aluminum alloy part can be tubular (e.g., a round tube with an outer diameter of 6mm to 30mm), plate-shaped, or irregularly shaped, and its surface is to be connected to the graphene film. For example, the aluminum alloy part is an aluminum alloy fluid pipeline, which can allow the heat transfer medium to flow inside.

[0093] Chemical plating is a chemical deposition method that uses a reducing agent to reduce metal ions in a solution and deposit them onto the surface of a substrate without applying an external current. Chemical plating requires no current and has excellent uniformity in plating complex-shaped workpieces, making it suitable for metallizing aluminum alloy parts as described in this application.

[0094] The second connection surface includes a second metal layer formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part.

[0095] Optionally, the second metal layer is a nickel layer, a copper layer, or a composite layer of nickel and copper layers. A composite layer of nickel and copper layers refers to a two-layer structure in which a nickel layer is first formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part (e.g., by electroless nickel plating), and then a copper layer is formed on the surface of the nickel layer (e.g., by electroplating copper); or conversely, when the second metal layer is a composite layer of nickel and copper layers, the nickel layer is formed directly on the surface of the aluminum alloy part, and the copper layer is formed on the surface of the nickel layer. The nickel layer, as an intermediate layer, can effectively prevent alloying elements (such as magnesium and silicon) in the aluminum alloy from diffusing to the surface, avoiding the formation of an unstable oxide film during subsequent welding.

[0096] Step 203: Fit the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface together, and apply tin-based solder to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain the assembly component.

[0097] Among them, bonding assembly refers to setting the first connecting surface of the graphene film (i.e., the surface after metallization) and the second connecting surface of the aluminum alloy part (i.e., the surface after metallization) opposite each other and making them contact each other, so that the two metallized layers face each other.

[0098] The assembly surface refers to the interface area formed by the contact between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, which is the heating area for subsequent laser welding.

[0099] Tin-based solder refers to low-temperature solder alloys with tin (Sn) as the main component, whose melting point is typically below 350°C. Examples include Sn-Ag-Cu, Sn-Bi, or Sn-In solders. In this application, the tin-based solder has a melting point of 180°C to 300°C, and melts and wets the first and second bonding surfaces when heated to 150°C to 350°C by a blue laser.

[0100] For example, during the bonding and assembly process, a tooling fixture can be used to press and fix the graphene film and the aluminum alloy part together, so that the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are tightly bonded. The pressing and fixing pressure is 0.03MPa to 0.08MPa.

[0101] Step 204: Adjust the spot formed by the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly component.

[0102] Blue laser refers to a visible light laser beam with a wavelength in the range of 400nm to 500nm. Compared to the infrared band, blue laser beams have a significantly higher absorption rate for highly reflective metals such as copper and aluminum (copper's absorption rate of 450nm blue light is approximately 5 to 10 times that of infrared laser). The blue laser used in this application has a wavelength of 440nm to 460nm and a power of 500W to 2000W.

[0103] Adjusting the spot formed by a blue laser refers to changing the geometry, size, or energy distribution of the irradiated area (i.e., spot) of the laser beam on the assembly surface by altering the optical system parameters of the blue laser generator to adapt to the specific shape of the assembly surface.

[0104] Optionally, the optical system parameters include, but are not limited to, the position of the collimating lens, the position of the focusing lens, the beam expansion ratio, and the selection of diffractive optical elements.

[0105] In one possible implementation, given a single blue laser beam, the spot parameters of the blue laser are adjusted based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain a first spot.

[0106] The shape of the first light spot matches the shape of the assembly surface, and the size of the first light spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface. "Not smaller than" means that the geometric dimensions of the first light spot are all not smaller than the size of the assembly surface in the same direction, ensuring that the blue laser can completely cover the entire assembly surface and avoiding localized unheated or insufficiently heated areas.

[0107] Optionally, the shape of the first light spot can be rectangular, circular, elliptical, triangular or other irregular shape, but is not limited thereto, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit it.

[0108] In another possible implementation, when there are multiple blue lasers, the spot parameters of each blue laser are adjusted based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain a second spot corresponding to each blue laser.

[0109] Among them, the shape of the composite spot formed by splicing the second spot corresponding to each of the multiple blue lasers matches the shape of the assembly surface, and the size of the composite spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

[0110] Multi-channel blue laser refers to two or more independent blue laser beams generated and transmitted separately by multiple blue laser generators and output separately through multiple blue laser welding heads. Each blue laser beam can independently adjust its spot shape and size through its own independent optical system, and after being spliced ​​together, it forms a combined spot covering the entire assembly surface.

[0111] For example, for a rectangular assembly surface with a length of 1800mm and a width of 15mm, two blue lasers can be used to form two rectangular light spots, which are then spliced ​​together along the length direction to cover the entire assembly surface.

[0112] Step 205: Control the adjusted blue laser to irradiate and heat the assembly surface of the assembly component from the direction of the graphene film according to the irradiation parameters, so that the tin-based solder melts and wets the first and second connecting surfaces, and forms a welded joint after cooling.

[0113] Irradiation from the graphene film direction refers to a blue laser beam being directed from the side containing the graphene film towards the assembly surface. The laser beam first penetrates or reaches the graphene film layer, then reaches the assembly surface between the first and second connecting surfaces. Because blue laser light has a certain transmittance to the copper layer (copper absorbs blue light at a depth of approximately 50nm–100nm, and a thinner metallization layer allows some laser energy to pass through), and because the graphene film itself has a certain transmittance to blue light, irradiation from the graphene film direction enables through-heating. The laser energy passes through the upper graphene film and the first metal layer, reaching the tin-based solder at the assembly surface, causing it to melt. This irradiation direction allows welding operations to be completed even if the back of the aluminum alloy component is inaccessible (e.g., if the aluminum alloy component is a closed conduit or a large-area heat sink).

[0114] The irradiation parameters include the processing temperature and irradiation duration of the blue laser.

[0115] The processing temperature refers to the peak temperature reached at the assembly surface under blue laser irradiation. In this application, the processing temperature is 150℃~350℃. This temperature range is higher than the melting point of tin-based solder (180℃~300℃) but lower than the melting point of aluminum alloy (approximately 660℃) and the oxidation temperature of graphene (above approximately 400℃), thus achieving low-temperature welding and avoiding thermal damage to the graphene film and softening deformation of the aluminum alloy parts.

[0116] Irradiation duration refers to the time during which the blue laser continuously irradiates the assembly surface. In this application, the irradiation duration is 25 to 60 seconds. Compared to the instantaneous heating (milliseconds to several seconds) of traditional infrared laser welding, the 25 to 60-second irradiation duration of this invention is considered gentle heating. Its purpose is to ensure that the heat is fully conducted to the entire assembly surface, so that the tin-based solder melts completely and uniformly and fully wets the upper and lower metallization layers, while avoiding thermal shock and thermal stress caused by excessively rapid heating rates.

[0117] Wetting refers to the physicochemical process by which liquid tin-based solder spreads and forms a tight contact on the surfaces of a solid first metal layer and a second metal layer. Good wettability is a prerequisite for forming a reliable weld joint.

[0118] A welded joint refers to the connection area formed between the cooled and solidified tin-based solder and the first and second metal layers, which includes metallurgical bonding and / or mechanical interlocking structures.

[0119] like Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the welded joint shown indicates that the graphene film thickness is 0.08 mm and the tin-based solder thickness is 0.06 mm. Figure 3 As can be seen, blue lasers can not only achieve welding between graphene films and aluminum alloy parts, but also, due to the low heat input of blue lasers, do not cause thermal damage to the surface of graphene films and aluminum alloy parts, and the heat-affected zone is small or non-existent.

[0120] Optionally, cooling may include natural cooling or forced air cooling, with a cooling rate of 5°C / s to 20°C / s.

[0121] In some embodiments, an inert protective gas is introduced into the assembly surface during the blue laser irradiation heating process. Since tin-based solder is prone to oxidation at high temperatures, the introduction of an inert protective gas can improve the welding quality.

[0122] Optionally, the inert protective gas includes, but is not limited to, argon, helium, or a helium-argon mixture.

[0123] In summary, the technical solution provided in this application uses blue laser to irradiate and heat the assembly surfaces in the assembly assembly, causing the tin-based solder to melt and wet the first and second connecting surfaces. After cooling, a welded joint is formed. Since the processing temperature of blue laser is only 150℃~350℃, which is much lower than that of traditional brazing (usually >600℃) and vacuum heating furnace, low-temperature welding of graphene film and aluminum alloy components is achieved. This avoids oxidation, structural defect proliferation and thermal conductivity decay of graphene film at high temperatures, effectively maintaining the intrinsic thermal conductivity of graphene.

[0124] Furthermore, titanium carbide nanoparticles are introduced into the copper metallization layer on the graphene film surface. The titanium atoms in the titanium carbide form a Ti-C chemical bonding interface (covalent and / or ionic bonds) with the carbon atoms on the graphene film surface, transforming the traditional physical adsorption (van der Waals forces) between the copper layer and graphene into chemical bonding, increasing the interfacial bonding strength by 1.5 to 5 times. Simultaneously, the titanium carbide nanoparticles, as a reinforcing phase, are uniformly distributed in the copper matrix, enhancing the strength of the metallization layer through a dispersion strengthening mechanism, further improving the overall mechanical properties of the welded joint. Moreover, the titanium carbide nanoparticles form both a physical barrier layer and a chemical barrier layer between the graphene film and the copper layer. On the one hand, the pinning effect of the titanium carbide particles at the interface blocks the diffusion channels of copper atoms; on the other hand, the Ti-C chemical bonding reduces the interfacial energy, decreasing the driving force for copper atom diffusion, ensuring that the high thermal conductivity of the graphene film is not compromised.

[0125] Furthermore, this application adjusts the shape and size of the blue laser spot according to the specific shape of the assembly surface (e.g., rectangular, circular, elongated, etc.) to ensure precise matching between the spot and the assembly surface. This guarantees that the laser energy completely covers the assembly surface without creating any excess irradiation area, improving energy utilization efficiency and avoiding accidental heating of non-welding areas. For large-sized assembly surfaces (e.g., elongated assembly surfaces of 1800mm × 15mm), multiple blue laser beams can be spliced ​​together to form a combined spot, achieving one-time full-coverage welding and significantly improving welding efficiency.

[0126] The foregoing mainly describes the method provided in this application. Accordingly, this application also provides a welding apparatus for graphene-aluminum alloys, which is used to implement the above-described method embodiments.

[0127] In some embodiments, the graphene-aluminum alloy welding apparatus includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the respective functions in order to achieve the above-described functions. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is implemented in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0128] This application embodiment can divide the graphene-aluminum alloy welding device into functional modules according to the above method embodiment. For example, each function can be divided into a separate functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. It should be noted that the module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0129] In some embodiments, this application provides a welding apparatus for graphene-aluminum alloys. For example... Figure 4 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a graphene-aluminum alloy welding device. The graphene-aluminum alloy welding device may include: a metallization module 401, an assembly module 402, and a control module 403.

[0130] Metallization module 401 is used to perform the above method embodiments. Figure 2 The illustrated steps 201 and 202 are the operations.

[0131] Assembly module 402 is used to perform the above method embodiments. Figure 2 The operation in step 203 is illustrated.

[0132] Control module 403 is used to execute the above method embodiments. Figure 2 The operations in steps 204 and 205 are illustrated.

[0133] In some embodiments, this application also provides a chip including at least one processor, the processor being configured to execute program instructions to perform the methods provided in the above embodiments.

[0134] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be ROM, Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be RAM. For example, RAM can be used as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, RAM includes various forms such as: Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), Synchlink Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, or discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) can be integrated into the processor.

[0135] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0136] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0137] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding method for graphene-aluminum alloys, characterized in that, The method includes: The surface of a graphene film is metallized by magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain a first connecting surface. The first connecting surface includes a first metal layer formed on the surface of the graphene film. The first metal layer is composed of a magnetron sputtering layer and an electroplated thickening layer. The composition of the first metal layer includes copper and titanium carbide, or only copper. The titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in the copper matrix in the form of nanoparticles to inhibit the diffusion of copper into the graphene film and / or increase the strength of the first metal layer. The surface of the aluminum alloy part is metallized by chemical plating or electroplating to obtain a second connecting surface. The second connecting surface includes a second metal layer formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part. The second metal layer is a nickel layer, a copper layer, or a composite layer of nickel and copper layers. The first connecting surface and the second connecting surface are fitted together and assembled, and tin-based solder is applied to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain the assembly component; The spot formed by the blue laser is adjusted based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly; The controlled and adjusted blue laser irradiates and heats the assembly surface of the assembly component from the direction of the graphene film according to the irradiation parameters, so that the tin-based solder melts and wets the first connection surface and the second connection surface, and forms a welded joint after cooling. The irradiation parameters include: the processing temperature of the blue laser is 150℃~350℃, and the irradiation duration of the blue laser is 25 seconds~60 seconds.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Adjusting the spot formed by the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly includes: With a single blue laser beam available, the spot parameters of the blue laser beam are adjusted based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain a first spot. The shape of the first light spot matches the shape of the assembly surface, and the size of the first light spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Adjusting the spot size of the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surface includes: In the case of multiple blue lasers, the spot parameters of each blue laser in the multiple blue lasers are adjusted based on the shape of the assembly surface to obtain the second spot corresponding to each blue laser. Wherein, the shape of the composite spot formed by splicing the second spot corresponding to each of the multiple blue lasers matches the shape of the assembly surface; the size of the composite spot is not smaller than the size of the assembly surface.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The process of metallizing the surface of the graphene film using magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain a first connecting surface includes: The surface of the graphene film is metallized by the magnetron sputtering method, and a magnetron sputtering layer of the first thickness is generated on the surface of the graphene film. The surface of the graphene film is metallized by the electroplating method, and a second-thickness electroplated thickened layer is generated on the magnetron sputtering layer. The first connection surface is obtained based on the magnetron sputtering layer and the electroplated thickened layer; The first thickness is 10nm to 500nm, and the second thickness is 1μm to 50μm.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The process of fitting and assembling the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface includes: The first connecting surface on the graphene film and the second connecting surface on the aluminum alloy part are pressed and fixed together using a tooling fixture; The pressure for pressing and fixing is 0.03MPa to 0.08MPa.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The wavelength of the blue laser is 440nm to 460nm, and the power of the blue laser is 500W to 2000W.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The mass percentage of titanium carbide in the first metal layer is 1% to 20%.

8. A welding system for graphene-aluminum alloys, characterized in that, The system includes: a blue laser generator, a blue laser welding head, a control mechanism, tooling equipment, a first coating equipment, and a second coating equipment. The control mechanism is connected to the blue laser generator, and the blue laser generator generates blue laser light which is emitted through the blue laser welding head. The first coating apparatus is used to metallize the surface of a graphene film by magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain a first connecting surface. The first connecting surface includes a first metal layer formed on the surface of the graphene film. The first metal layer is composed of a magnetron sputtering layer and an electroplated thickening layer. The composition of the first metal layer includes copper and titanium carbide, or only copper. The titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in the copper substrate in the form of nanoparticles to inhibit the diffusion of copper into the graphene film and / or increase the strength of the first metal layer. The second plating equipment is used to metallize the surface of an aluminum alloy part by chemical plating or electroplating to obtain a second connecting surface. The second connecting surface includes a second metal layer formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part. The second metal layer is a nickel layer, a copper layer, or a composite layer of a nickel layer and a copper layer. The tooling equipment is used to fit and assemble the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, and to apply tin-based solder to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain an assembly component; The control mechanism is used to adjust the spot of the blue laser generated by the blue laser generator based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly; The control mechanism is used to control the adjusted blue laser to irradiate and heat the assembly surface in the assembly assembly from the direction of the graphene film according to the irradiation parameters, so that the tin-based solder melts and wets the first connection surface and the second connection surface, and forms a welded joint after cooling. The irradiation parameters include: the processing temperature of the blue laser is 150℃-350℃, and the irradiation duration of the blue laser is 25 seconds-60 seconds.

9. A welding apparatus for graphene-aluminum alloys, characterized in that, The device includes: A metallization module is used to metallize the surface of a graphene film by magnetron sputtering and electroplating to obtain a first connecting surface. The first connecting surface includes a first metal layer formed on the surface of the graphene film. The first metal layer is composed of a magnetron sputtering layer and an electroplated thickening layer. The composition of the first metal layer includes copper and titanium carbide, or only copper. The titanium carbide is uniformly distributed in the copper matrix in the form of nanoparticles to inhibit the diffusion of copper into the graphene film and / or increase the strength of the first metal layer. The metallization module is used to metallize the surface of the aluminum alloy part by chemical plating or electroplating to obtain a second connecting surface. The second connecting surface includes a second metal layer formed on the surface of the aluminum alloy part. The second metal layer is a nickel layer, a copper layer, or a composite layer of nickel and copper. An assembly module is used to fit and assemble the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface, and to apply tin-based solder to the assembly surface formed between the first connecting surface and the second connecting surface to obtain an assembly component; The control module is used to adjust the spot formed by the blue laser based on the shape of the assembly surface in the assembly assembly; The control module is used to control the adjusted blue laser to irradiate and heat the assembly surface in the assembly component from the direction of the graphene film according to the irradiation parameters, so that the tin-based solder melts and wets the first connection surface and the second connection surface, and forms a welded joint after cooling. The irradiation parameters include: the processing temperature of the blue laser is 150℃-350℃, and the irradiation duration of the blue laser is 25 seconds-60 seconds.

10. A welding apparatus, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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