Vehicle and energy exchange system thereof

Abstract

The application provides a vehicle, including an energy storage device, when an ambient temperature is less than a first temperature threshold, the energy storage device is controlled to exchange energy with an energy supply device, and a SOC of the vehicle includes a first stage and a second stage, wherein the SOC of the first stage decreases or remains unchanged, and the SOC of the second stage increases, so that the energy supplementing speed of the vehicle can be greatly improved in a cold environment, and a user can have very good user experience.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy exchange technology, and more specifically, to a vehicle and its energy exchange system. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of transportation technology, the refueling of vehicles has received increasing attention. In cold environments, vehicle refueling is limited. Related technologies often employ external heating solutions for low-temperature environments, such as electric auxiliary heating or heat pump systems. However, these heating technologies are too slow. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a vehicle and its energy exchange system, which can significantly improve the vehicle's refueling speed in cold environments, providing users with a very good user experience.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a vehicle, including an energy storage device, which controls the energy storage device to exchange energy with an energy supply device when the ambient temperature is lower than a first temperature threshold. The state of charge (SOC) of the vehicle includes a first stage and a second stage, wherein the SOC in the first stage decreases or remains unchanged, and the SOC in the second stage increases.

[0005] In the above scheme, energy exchange between the energy storage device and the energy supply device is utilized, taking full advantage of the internal resistance characteristics of the energy storage device to control the entire energy exchange process in two stages. In the first stage, the energy storage device quickly reaches its temperature threshold, while the vehicle's State of Charge (SOC) remains unchanged or decreases. In the second stage, the energy supply device provides energy to the energy storage device, increasing the vehicle's SOC. This scheme solves the problem of low refueling rates during vehicle refueling.

[0006] In one possible implementation, after the vehicle is connected to the energy supply device, the vehicle communicates with the energy supply device to determine that the vehicle is a preset vehicle and / or to determine that the energy supply device is a preset energy supply device.

[0007] In one possible implementation, after the vehicle is fully connected to the energy supply device, the vehicle communicates with the energy supply device to determine that the vehicle is a preset vehicle and / or to determine that the energy supply device is a preset energy supply device.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the vehicle communicates bidirectionally with the energy supply device. In a first cycle, the vehicle receives first information sent by the energy supply device, and in a second cycle, the vehicle sends second information to the energy supply device. The first and second cycles completely overlap, or at least overlap for a portion of the time, or the first and second cycles are completely staggered.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the vehicle communicates bidirectionally with the energy supply device. In a first cycle, the vehicle receives a first message from the energy supply device and sends a third message to the energy supply device. In a second cycle, the vehicle sends a second message to the energy supply device and receives a fourth message from the energy supply device. The first and second cycles completely overlap, or at least overlap for a portion of the time, or the first and second cycles are completely staggered.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the bidirectional communication between the vehicle and the energy supply device includes a first cycle, a second cycle, a third cycle, and a fourth cycle. In the first cycle, the vehicle receives a first message from the energy supply device. In the second cycle, the vehicle sends a second message to the energy supply device. In the third cycle, the vehicle sends a third message to the energy supply device. In the fourth cycle, the vehicle receives a fourth message from the energy supply device.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the first information, the second information, the third information, and the fourth information include at least an identifier, wherein the identifier includes at least one of numbers, letters, characters, or combinations of numbers, letters, and characters.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the vehicle sends a "first demand" message to the energy supply device and receives a "first result" message from the energy supply device.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the "first requirement" includes at least a heating requirement for the energy storage device, and the "first result" includes at least one of an instruction to allow the energy storage device to heat up, a state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage unit in the energy supply device, and a fault state of the energy supply device.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the vehicle sends first parameter information to the energy supply device, the first parameter information including at least one of the following: the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, the temperature of the energy storage device, the current of the energy storage device, and the voltage of the energy storage device.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the vehicle receives second parameter information sent by the energy supply device, the second parameter information including at least one of the energy supply device's energy storage unit SOC, rated receiving current, and energy supply device's energy storage unit temperature.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the vehicle has a heating mode, and the vehicle activates the heating mode when both the first parameter information and the second parameter information meet a first preset condition.

[0017] In one possible implementation, during at least one time period in the first stage, energy flows from the energy storage device to the energy supply device, and in the second stage, energy flows from the energy supply device to the energy storage device.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the first stage switches to the second stage when the temperature of the energy storage device or the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device meets a second preset condition.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the vehicle is allowed to switch from the first stage to the second stage under a first fault condition, and the vehicle is prohibited from switching from the first stage to the second stage under a second fault condition.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the vehicle includes a display interface on which the SOC decreases or remains unchanged in the first phase, and increases in the second phase.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the vehicle includes a display interface, in which, during the first stage, a reminder message is provided, including a message advising caution when drawing a weapon.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the temperature rise rate V1 of the core of the energy storage device in the first stage is greater than the temperature rise rate V2 of the core of the energy storage device in the second stage.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the time of the first stage is T1, and the time of the second stage is T2, where T2 = A * T1, and the value of A is in the range of [1, 15].

[0024] In one possible implementation, the vehicle also includes high-voltage electrical components, which, during the first phase, operate with limited power or not at all.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the energy value received by the energy storage device is a first energy value, the energy value released by the energy storage device is a second energy value, and the cost incurred by the vehicle in exchanging energy between the energy storage device and the energy supply device is equal to the electricity price per unit multiplied by the difference between the first energy value and the second energy value.

[0026] In one possible implementation, during the first stage, the vehicle has a heating mode, and the heating scheme of the heating mode may be at least one of the following.

[0027] Option 1: Perform only discharge heating.

[0028] Option 2: Perform discharge heating first, then perform charge-discharge heating.

[0029] Option 3: Perform charge-discharge heating first, then perform discharge heating.

[0030] Option 4: Perform only charge and discharge heating.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the heating scheme is selectable, and the selection of the heating scheme includes one or more of the following: The SOC of the energy storage device, the temperature of the energy storage device, the ambient temperature, the temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device, and the SOC of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device.

[0032] Secondly, this application provides an energy exchange system, including an energy supply device and a vehicle in any of the above possible implementations.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the energy supply device includes an energy storage unit and an energy receiving unit connected to the energy storage unit, the energy storage unit being used to store at least a portion of the electrical energy released by the vehicle to the energy supply device in the first stage; and / or, the energy receiving unit is connected to the power grid, and in the first stage, the energy receiving unit transmits at least a portion of the electrical energy released by the energy storage device to the energy supply device to the power grid.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the power receiving unit includes an energy conversion device configured to: in a first stage: convert the voltage output by the vehicle into a voltage matched to the energy storage unit and / or a voltage matched to the power grid; and / or convert the voltage output by the vehicle into a voltage matched to the energy storage unit and / or a voltage matched to the power grid; and convert the voltage output by the energy storage unit and / or the power grid into a voltage matched to the vehicle.

[0035] In one possible implementation, the energy supply device further includes a first processor connected to the energy conversion device, the first processor being used to control the vehicle to exchange energy with the energy supply device.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the energy supply device has a greater energy storage capacity than the energy storage device.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the energy supply device further includes a host and a terminal, the vehicle being connected to the host via the terminal, and the power receiving unit being deployed on the host; the terminal is connected to the vehicle via a charging gun, the charging gun being connected to the vehicle's energy storage device.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the terminal is configured to enable information and energy interaction between the vehicle and the energy supply device. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy exchange system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the current of the discharge heating scheme according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the current of a charging and discharging heating scheme according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a current diagram of another charging and discharging heating scheme according to an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a current diagram of another charging and discharging heating scheme according to an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a current diagram of another charging and discharging heating scheme according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a current diagram of another charging and discharging heating scheme according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] It should be noted that the terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0048] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0049] It should be noted that, in the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application, and in the accompanying drawings of the embodiments, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements, or the same or similar signals, or elements or signals having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0050] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal connections between two components. They can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0051] This application discloses a means of transportation, such as Figure 1 As shown, this means of transportation can be, but is not limited to, electric vehicles, low-altitude aircraft, electric ships, etc. The means of transportation includes at least an energy storage device for storing electrical energy and providing power to the vehicle's electrical components, or for providing power to equipment outside the vehicle, or for receiving electrical energy from an energy supply device outside the vehicle. When the ambient temperature is below a first temperature threshold, the energy storage device and the energy supply device are controlled to exchange energy, causing the energy storage device to heat up and ensuring that the energy storage device is replenished. During the energy exchange process, the state of charge (SOC) of the means of transportation includes a first stage and a second stage, wherein the SOC in the first stage decreases or remains unchanged, and the SOC in the second stage increases.

[0052] The first stage involves energy exchange between the energy storage device and the energy supply device, rapidly heating the energy storage device to a threshold temperature. During this stage, the vehicle's State of Charge (SOC) remains unchanged or decreases. In the second stage, the energy supply device replenishes the energy storage device. After the energy exchange in the first stage, as the energy storage device reaches the set threshold temperature, the system automatically switches from the first stage to the second stage, at which point the vehicle's SOC increases. This solution addresses the problem of low refueling rates during vehicle refueling.

[0053] In one embodiment of this application, when the ambient temperature is below -10°C, the processor in the vehicle determines whether the heating start-up conditions are met based on the ambient temperature and / or the temperature of the energy storage device collected by the temperature sensor, as well as the SOC of the energy storage device. When the conditions are met, the processor controls the energy storage device to exchange energy with the energy supply device. In the first stage, the core temperature of the energy storage device rises rapidly due to internal resistance heating, and the SOC of the energy storage device decreases or remains unchanged due to energy exchange. When the temperature of the energy storage device reaches between 0°C and 10°C, the processor controls the vehicle to automatically switch to the second stage. The energy supply device connects to the energy storage device through a power receiving unit, replenishing energy from the storage unit in the energy supply device or inputting energy obtained from the power grid into the energy storage device, thereby increasing the SOC. In the above embodiment, the Joule heating generated by the current is used to achieve rapid heating of the energy storage device. Compared with the traditional PTC heating method, the temperature rise rate is increased by more than 10 times, significantly improving the energy replenishment rate of the energy storage device and greatly enhancing the low-temperature energy replenishment efficiency of the vehicle.

[0054] In one embodiment of this application, after the vehicle establishes a connection with the energy supply device, the vehicle and the energy supply device communicate to determine that the vehicle is a preset vehicle and / or to determine that the energy supply device is a preset energy supply device, thereby realizing the identification of the vehicle and / or the energy supply device.

[0055] In one embodiment of this application, only specific vehicles can perform the functions of this application. During the energy exchange process between the energy storage device and the energy supply device, a very large current is generated. Only specific vehicles can receive or release this very large current; ordinary vehicles do not have the ability to receive or release such a large current, otherwise, it would pose a safety risk. In another embodiment, only specific energy supply devices can perform the functions of this application. During the energy exchange process between the energy storage device and the energy supply device, a very large current is generated. Only specific energy supply devices can receive or release such a large current; ordinary energy supply devices do not have the ability to receive or release such a large current, otherwise, it would pose a safety risk. In yet another embodiment, only specific energy supply devices and specific vehicles can perform the functions of this application. Ordinary energy supply devices and vehicles do not have the ability to receive or release such a large current, otherwise, it would pose a safety risk. By identifying the vehicles and / or energy supply devices, the risks can be effectively reduced.

[0056] In one embodiment of this application, the vehicle and the energy supply device are connected via a cable. In another embodiment, the vehicle and the energy supply device are not fully connected. In this case, the vehicle and the energy supply device communicate to determine that the vehicle is a preset vehicle and / or that the energy supply device is a preset energy supply device. This scheme can quickly identify the vehicle and the energy supply device after they are connected via cable, avoiding safety issues. In another embodiment, the vehicle and the energy supply device are fully connected. In this case, the vehicle and the energy supply device communicate to determine that the vehicle is a preset vehicle and / or that the energy supply device is a preset energy supply device. This scheme is safer and avoids the risk of misjudgment due to connection status, thus preventing identification failure. A fully connected state means that the vehicle and the energy supply device have achieved a stable physical and electrical connection. Physically, the electronic lock is activated; electrically, the voltage at the detection points at both ends of the vehicle and the energy supply device matches a preset voltage.

[0057] In one embodiment of this application, a vehicle and an energy supply device communicate bidirectionally to identify the vehicle as a preset vehicle and / or the energy supply device as a preset energy supply device. In one embodiment, during a first period, the vehicle receives first information sent by the energy supply device, and during a second period, the vehicle sends second information to the energy supply device. The first and second periods completely overlap, or at least partially overlap, or are completely staggered. The first and second periods can completely overlap or partially overlap, achieving bidirectional synchronous transmission or partially achieving bidirectional synchronous transmission, thus improving communication efficiency. In another embodiment, the first and second periods are completely staggered to avoid data conflicts and prevent misjudgments. For example, in the initial stage of vehicle and energy supply device identification, during the first period T1, the energy supply device sends first information to the vehicle, the first information including an identifier reflecting the identity of the energy supply device; during the second period T2, the vehicle sends second information, the second information including an identifier reflecting the identity of the vehicle. T1 and T2 can completely overlap or partially overlap for bidirectional synchronous transmission; otherwise, T1 and T2 can be completely staggered for bidirectional time-division transmission, avoiding data conflicts. This mechanism is adaptable to different hardware platforms, ensuring protocol compatibility and real-time response.

[0058] In another embodiment of this application, during the first cycle, the vehicle receives a first message from the energy supply device and sends a third message to the energy supply device; during the second cycle, the vehicle sends a second message to the energy supply device and receives a fourth message from the energy supply device. The first and second cycles completely overlap, or at least partially overlap, achieving bidirectional synchronous transmission and improving communication efficiency; alternatively, the first and second cycles are completely staggered to avoid data conflicts and prevent misjudgments. Unlike the previous embodiment, during the first cycle, the vehicle not only receives the first message from the energy supply device but also sends a third message to the energy supply device; during the second cycle, the vehicle not only sends the second message to the energy supply device but also receives the fourth message from the energy supply device. The vehicle can both receive and send information within the same cycle, achieving rapid closed-loop feedback and avoiding delays. For example, in the initial stage of vehicle and energy supply device identification, within the first cycle T1, the energy supply device sends first information to the vehicle. The first information includes an identifier reflecting the identity of the energy supply device or an identifier reflecting the key of the energy supply device. The vehicle sends a third message to the energy supply device. The third information includes an identifier reflecting identity recognition or an identifier reflecting the key of the vehicle. Within the second cycle T2, the vehicle sends second information to the energy supply device, and the energy supply device sends fourth information to the vehicle. The second information includes an identifier reflecting the feedback of the vehicle's identity result or an identifier reflecting the vehicle's key reply. The fourth message includes an identifier reflecting the feedback of the identity recognition result or an identifier reflecting the key reply of the energy supply device. Compared with the one-way identity recognition in the previous embodiment, the two-way identity recognition in this embodiment has a higher success rate and eliminates misoperation and unauthorized access.

[0059] In one embodiment of this application, the bidirectional communication between the vehicle and the energy supply device includes a first cycle, a second cycle, a third cycle, and a fourth cycle. In the first cycle, the vehicle receives first information sent by the energy supply device. In the second cycle, the vehicle sends second information to the energy supply device. In the third cycle, the vehicle sends third information to the energy supply device. In the fourth cycle, the vehicle receives fourth information sent by the energy supply device. The first information includes an identifier of the energy supply device key, the second information includes an identifier of the vehicle key reply, the third information includes an identifier of the vehicle key, and the fourth information includes an identifier of the energy supply device key reply.

[0060] In one embodiment, the first and second cycles are performed before the third and fourth cycles, and the four cycles are executed in a preset order to ensure a closed loop of control command logic and avoid system anomalies caused by out-of-order execution.

[0061] The first, second, third, and fourth information includes at least an identifier, wherein the identifier includes at least one of numbers, letters, characters, or combinations of numbers, letters, and characters, enabling unified resolution between the controllers in vehicles and energy supply devices and the cloud platform, supporting remote diagnostics and OTA upgrades.

[0062] In one embodiment of this application, after the vehicle and the energy supply device complete identification, the vehicle sends a "first demand" message to the energy supply device and receives a "first result" message from the energy supply device. For example, if the ambient temperature is below -10°C and / or the SOC of the energy storage device is greater than 30%, the vehicle sends a "first demand" message to the energy supply device, including a heating demand from the energy storage device. After receiving the "first demand," the energy supply device performs a self-check and then sends a "first result" to the vehicle. The "first result" includes at least one of the following: a heating instruction for the energy storage device, the SOC of the energy storage unit in the energy supply device, and a fault state of the energy supply device. In one embodiment, the energy supply device generates a heating instruction for the energy storage device based on the SOC of the energy storage unit in the energy supply device and the fault state of the energy supply device, and feeds the heating instruction for the energy storage device back to the vehicle as the "first result."

[0063] In one embodiment of this application, the vehicle sends first parameter information to the energy supply device. The first parameter information includes at least one of the following: the State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, the temperature of the energy storage device, the current of the energy storage device, and the voltage of the energy storage device. The processor in the vehicle selects to activate the heating mode based on the first parameter information. In another embodiment of this application, the vehicle receives second parameter information sent by the energy supply device. The second parameter information includes at least one of the State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device, the rated receiving current, and the temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device. When both the first parameter information and the second parameter information meet a first preset condition, the vehicle activates the heating mode.

[0064] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, in the first stage, energy flows from the energy storage device to the energy supply device for at least one time period, and in the second stage, energy flows from the energy supply device to the energy storage device. During one time period in the first stage, the vehicle discharges at a constant current, with the energy flow direction being: vehicle → energy supply device. The temperature of the energy storage device rises rapidly, while the State of Charge (SOC) decreases or remains unchanged. In the second stage, the vehicle replenishes its energy, with the energy flow direction being: energy supply device → vehicle. The SOC of the vehicle increases.

[0065] In one embodiment of this application, the energy storage device's temperature or its State of Charge (SOC) meets a second preset condition, triggering a switch from the first stage to the second stage. When the energy storage device's temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the vehicle switches from the first stage to the second stage; when the energy storage device's SOC is less than a predetermined value, the vehicle is also forced to switch to prevent over-discharge of the energy storage device. During the switch, the vehicle and the energy supply device adjust and switch synchronously.

[0066] In one embodiment of this application, the vehicle is allowed to switch from a first stage to a second stage under a first fault condition, and is prohibited from switching from the first stage to the second stage under a second fault condition. The vehicle's controller determines whether to allow the switch from the first stage to the second stage based on different fault levels. The first fault condition includes non-shutdown faults and shutdown faults.

[0067] In one embodiment of this application, the vehicle includes a display interface on which the State of Charge (SOC) decreases or remains unchanged in the first stage, and increases in the second stage. For example, the central control screen displays a dynamic SOC graph: the SOC decreases or remains unchanged in the first stage; the SOC increases in the second stage. Users can clearly perceive the direction of energy flow, eliminating battery anxiety and providing consumers with a better user experience.

[0068] In one embodiment of this application, the vehicle includes a display interface. In the first stage, the display interface is provided with reminder information, such as "Caution when drawing your weapon." For example, during the first stage, a red warning bar continuously flashes at the top of the central control screen: "Caution when drawing your weapon!", which may also be accompanied by voice prompts.

[0069] In one embodiment of this application, the temperature rise rate V1 of the core of the energy storage device in the first stage is greater than the temperature rise rate V2 of the core in the second stage. Significant Joule heating occurs in the first stage, with a core temperature rise rate of V1; in the second stage, the vehicle replenishes its energy, with a core temperature rise rate of V2. Since V1 > V2, this verifies the design logic of "rapid heating followed by rapid energy replenishment."

[0070] In one embodiment of this application, the time for the first stage is T1, and the time for the second stage is T2, where T2 = A * T1, and the value of A ranges from [1, 15]. For example, in one scenario (ambient temperature -20℃, energy storage device -15℃, SOC = 30%), T1 = 2 min, T2 = 10 min, and A = 5; in another scenario (ambient temperature -25℃, energy storage device -20℃, SOC = 30%), T1 = 3 min, T2 = 12 min, and A = 4, both falling within the range of [1, 15], ensuring that the heating and recovery process is completed within a reasonable time window.

[0071] In one embodiment of this application, the energy received by the energy storage device is a first energy value, and the energy released by the energy storage device is a second energy value. The cost incurred by the vehicle during the energy exchange between the energy storage device and the energy supply device is equal to the electricity price per unit multiplied by the difference between the first and second energy values. The energy storage device releases 1.2 kWh and receives 1.8 kWh, with a difference ΔE = 0.6 kWh. The billing basis is: 0.6 yuan / kWh × 0.6 kWh = 0.36 yuan.

[0072] In one embodiment of this application, the vehicle also includes high-voltage electrical components, such as air conditioners, which are not operated or operate with limited power in the first phase.

[0073] In one embodiment of this application, after the vehicle starts the heating mode, it performs discharge heating and / or charge-discharge heating in the first stage. The specific heating implementation methods of discharge heating and charge-discharge heating in the technical solution of this application are described below.

[0074] Regarding discharge heating, such as Figure 2 As shown in one embodiment of this application, the discharge heating includes at least one of constant current discharge and constant voltage discharge. Discharge heating may include only constant current discharge, only constant voltage discharge, or both.

[0075] In one embodiment of this application, during the discharge heating process, it is possible to select constant current discharge only, constant voltage discharge only, or both constant current discharge and constant voltage discharge. The selection criteria may include the voltage of a single cell in the energy storage device of the vehicle, and the voltage of the energy storage device in the vehicle.

[0076] In one embodiment of this application, during the discharge heating process, a constant current discharge is first performed. When the voltage of a single cell in the energy storage device approaches or reaches a first cell voltage threshold, the current is reduced to maintain the voltage of the single cell above the first cell voltage threshold. The first cell voltage threshold is determined based on the cell's cutoff voltage. The temperature rise rate of the energy storage device during the constant current discharge process is greater than the temperature rise rate during the discharge process after the current is reduced.

[0077] For example, when the voltage of a single cell is high and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device meets the conditions for entering discharge heating, constant current discharge can be performed first. As the discharge proceeds, the voltage of each cell in the energy storage device will gradually decrease. If the voltage of a single cell decreases to near or equal to the cutoff voltage, and the temperature of the energy storage device has not yet risen to meet the conditions for exiting the heating mode, the current can be reduced or constant voltage discharge can be switched to maintain the cell voltage above the cutoff voltage. The temperature rise rate of the energy storage device during constant current discharge is greater than that during constant voltage discharge.

[0078] If the temperature of the energy storage device rapidly rises to meet the conditions for exiting the heating mode during the constant current discharge phase, and the voltage of the energy storage device remains above the cutoff voltage at this time, then the entire discharge heating process only includes constant current discharge. If the voltage of a single cell in the energy storage device is low at the beginning of the discharge heating mode, constant voltage discharge can be performed directly.

[0079] Regarding charge-discharge heating, in one embodiment of this application, charge-discharge heating may include at least one of positive pulse heating, negative pulse heating, and bipolar pulse heating. During positive pulse heating, the SOC of the energy storage device tends to increase; during negative pulse heating, the SOC of the energy storage device tends to decrease; during bipolar pulse heating, the SOC of the energy storage device remains substantially unchanged.

[0080] like Figure 3 As shown, positive pulse heating occurs when the charging current from the energy supply device to the vehicle is greater than the discharging current from the vehicle to the energy supply device. Figure 4 As shown, negative pulse heating refers to a situation where the charging current from the energy supply device to the vehicle is less than the discharging current from the vehicle to the energy supply device, such as... Figure 5 As shown, bipolar pulse heating refers to a situation where the charging current from the energy supply device to the vehicle is approximately equal to the discharge current from the vehicle to the energy supply device.

[0081] During the charging and discharging heating process, one or more of the following methods can be selected: positive pulse heating, negative pulse heating, and bipolar pulse heating. The selection criteria include the temperature of the energy storage device, the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, the temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device, and the SOC of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device. This allows for the selection of a suitable heating method based on the operating parameters.

[0082] In one embodiment of this application, during the charge-discharge heating process, the conditions for entering negative pulse heating include one or more of the following: the State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device is greater than a preset threshold. During negative pulse heating, the discharge current from the energy storage device to the energy supply device is greater than the charging current from the energy supply device to the energy storage device, resulting in higher heating efficiency and a faster temperature rise rate for the energy storage device during discharge. For example, when the temperature of the energy storage device is low, negative pulse heating is used, and the energy storage device switches between the discharge and charging processes, with the discharge current greater than the charging current. This allows for rapid temperature rise through high-current discharge and replenishment of the SOC through the charging process, preventing excessive reduction in SOC and individual cell voltage.

[0083] In one embodiment of this application, during the charging and discharging heating process, the conditions for entering positive pulse heating include one or more of the following: the SOC of the energy storage device is less than a preset threshold, the SOC of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device is greater than the upper limit threshold for energy storage, and the temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device is lower than a third temperature threshold.

[0084] In one specific embodiment, the energy storage device is at a low temperature and cannot be directly charged, and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device of the vehicle is also relatively low, so positive pulse heating can be used for heating.

[0085] In this way, even when the SOC and temperature of the energy storage device are low, the energy storage device can be heated and its temperature increased by switching between charging and discharging processes, with charging exceeding discharging.

[0086] In another specific embodiment, the energy storage device has a low temperature and cannot be directly charged, but the energy storage unit of the energy supply device has a high SOC and cannot receive a large discharge. Positive pulse discharge can be used to appropriately reduce the SOC of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device, so that the SOC of the energy storage device increases, and at the same time, the energy storage device is heated up.

[0087] In another specific embodiment, the temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device is also relatively low, so positive pulse charging and discharging can be used to make the discharge current of the energy storage unit greater than the charging current of the energy storage unit, thereby heating up the energy storage unit.

[0088] When the conditions for entering negative pulse heating or positive pulse heating are met, the conditions for entering bipolar pulse heating are also met.

[0089] This application also provides an embodiment where the heating type can be selected, and the heating mode can be one or more of discharge heating and charge-discharge heating. This allows for the selection of a suitable heating type to improve the temperature rise efficiency of the energy storage device.

[0090] In the first stage, the vehicle has a heating mode, and the heating scheme of the heating mode can be at least one of the following.

[0091] Option 1: Perform only discharge heating, such as Figure 2 .

[0092] Option 2: Perform discharge heating first, then perform charge-discharge heating, such as... Figure 6 .

[0093] Option 3: Perform charge-discharge heating first, then discharge heating, such as... Figure 7.

[0094] Option 4: Perform only charge / discharge heating, such as... Figure 5 .

[0095] It is understood that Option 1 uses only discharge heating, Options 2 and 3 use both discharge heating and charge-discharge heating, and Option 4 uses only charge-discharge heating.

[0096] The charging and discharging heating in schemes 2-4 above can include one or more of positive pulse heating, negative pulse heating, and bipolar pulse heating. The charging and discharging heating process in schemes 2-4 above can include only one of negative pulse heating and bipolar pulse heating, or it can include multiple types of negative pulse heating and bipolar pulse heating.

[0097] In another embodiment of this application, the heating scheme of the heating mode can be selected as any one of the schemes 1-4 described above.

[0098] This allows you to choose the appropriate heating solution based on the actual situation.

[0099] Scheme 4 includes: Scheme 4-1 negative pulse heating; Scheme 4 also includes Scheme 4-2 positive pulse heating; Scheme 4-3: bipolar pulse heating.

[0100] In the specific implementation, the heating mode of the energy storage device can be any one of Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Scheme 3, Scheme 4-1, Scheme 4-2, and Scheme 4-3. When the heating mode of the energy storage device is selectable, the available heating schemes can be any two, three, four, five, or six of Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Scheme 3, Scheme 4-1, Scheme 4-2, and Scheme 4-3.

[0101] In one embodiment of this application, the selection of the heating mode is based on one or more of the following: the SOC of the energy storage device, the temperature of the energy storage device, the ambient temperature, the temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device, and the SOC of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device.

[0102] In one embodiment of this application, the entry conditions for Scheme 1 include one or more of the following: the temperature of the energy storage device is less than a first temperature threshold, and the SOC of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the first SOC threshold.

[0103] In one embodiment of this application, the entry conditions for scheme 2 include one or more of the following: the temperature of the energy storage device is less than a first temperature threshold, and the SOC of the energy storage device is greater than a second SOC threshold.

[0104] In one embodiment of this application, the entry conditions for scheme 3 include: the temperature of the energy storage device is less than a first temperature threshold, and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device is less than a second SOC threshold.

[0105] The entry conditions for Scheme 4 include: the temperature of the energy storage device is less than the first temperature threshold.

[0106] Optionally, the entry conditions for scheme 4-1 include: the temperature of the energy storage device is less than the first temperature threshold, and the SOC of the energy storage device is greater than the fourth SOC threshold.

[0107] Optionally, the entry conditions for scheme 4-2 include: the temperature of the energy storage device is less than the first temperature threshold, and the SOC of the energy storage device is less than or equal to the fourth SOC threshold.

[0108] Optionally, the entry condition for scheme 4-3 includes: the temperature of the energy storage device is less than the first temperature threshold.

[0109] The following describes a specific implementation method for heating an energy storage device using discharge heating.

[0110] The energy supply device and the vehicle are respectively equipped with a first processor and a second processor. The first processor or the second processor is set with a first temperature threshold, a first SOC threshold, a third SOC threshold, a first cell voltage threshold, and a first load rated current. The first temperature threshold can be configured to 10°C, the first SOC threshold can be configured to 30%, the third SOC threshold can be configured to 1%, and the first cell voltage threshold can be configured to 1V.

[0111] When the first processor or the second processor reads that the temperature of the energy storage device is below the first temperature threshold, for example, when the temperature of the energy storage device is -20°C, and the SOC of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to the first SOC threshold, for example, when the SOC of the energy storage device is 35%, the first processor or the second processor controls the discharge heating to begin. The energy storage device starts discharging to the energy supply device, and the discharge heating is started. The current (0 < I ≤ 10C) is controlled by the energy conversion device, and its magnitude depends on the current cell's predetermined capacity (SOC, voltage) and the current ambient temperature, as well as the first cell voltage threshold.

[0112] During the discharge heating state, the temperature of the energy storage device rises. When the first processor or the second processor reads that the temperature of the energy storage device is greater than the first temperature threshold, for example, when the temperature of the energy storage device is 15°C, or when the SOC of the energy storage device is less than or equal to the third SOC threshold, for example, when the SOC of the energy storage device is 1%, or when the voltage of any single cell of the energy storage device is less than or equal to the first cell voltage threshold, the first processor or the second processor controls the energy conversion device to stop working, exit the discharge heating, and the discharge heating is completed.

[0113] In one embodiment of this application, when the temperature of the current energy storage device is less than a first temperature threshold, and when the State of Charge (SOC) is greater than or equal to the first SOC threshold, the above-mentioned scheme 1: discharge heating only is activated; at this time, the discharge current is greater than the first load rated current of the energy storage device. The current is controlled by the energy conversion device inside the host, and its magnitude depends on the predetermined capacity of the current cell, the current ambient temperature, and the first cell voltage threshold. For example, constant current heating can be performed first. If the voltage of any single cell drops to near the first cell voltage threshold, the heat dissipation current can be reduced, or it can be switched to constant voltage current to maintain the voltage of the single cell above the first cell voltage threshold.

[0114] When in discharge heating mode, the temperature of the energy storage device rises until it is not lower than the second temperature threshold. If the voltage of any single cell drops to the first cell voltage threshold, the system will take active protection measures and stop discharge heating.

[0115] In one embodiment of this application, when the temperature of the current energy storage device is lower than a first temperature threshold and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device is higher than a second SOC threshold, scheme 2 is initiated: first discharge heating followed by charge-discharge heating. The discharge current is numerically greater than the first rated load current, and heating is achieved rapidly through the discharge current. When the SOC of the energy storage device is lower than a fifth SOC value, charge-discharge heating is used to replenish the energy storage device until the temperature of the energy storage device is not lower than the second temperature threshold. The charge-discharge heating in scheme 2 can be either positive pulse heating or negative pulse heating, which can be determined based on the SOC of the energy storage device. For example, negative pulse heating can be used when the SOC is high, and positive pulse heating can be used when the SOC of the energy storage device is low.

[0116] In one embodiment of this application, when the temperature of the energy storage device is lower than a first temperature threshold and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device is greater than a fourth SOC, negative pulse heating according to scheme 4-1 is employed. The SOC of the energy storage device gradually decreases, and the temperature of the energy storage device gradually increases until the temperature of the energy storage device is not lower than a second temperature threshold.

[0117] In one possible implementation, when the temperature of the energy storage device is less than a first temperature threshold and the SOC of the energy storage device is less than a fourth SOC, positive pulse heating is used in scheme 4-2, and the SOC of the energy storage device gradually increases, and the temperature of the energy storage device gradually increases.

[0118] Optionally, the alternative heating schemes may include two or more of the above-mentioned heating schemes.

[0119] Optionally, if both Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 are optional heating schemes, the first SOC threshold is greater than the second SOC threshold. The second SOC threshold is greater than the fifth SOC threshold.

[0120] Optionally, if Scheme 2 and Scheme 4-1 or Scheme 4-1 are optional heating schemes, the fifth SOC threshold is greater than the fourth SOC threshold.

[0121] Optionally, the first SOC threshold can be 30%, the second SOC threshold can be 20%, the fourth SOC threshold can be 2%, and the fifth SOC threshold can be 10%.

[0122] In one embodiment of this application, the technical solution further includes an overheat protection mechanism. When the temperature of either the energy storage unit in the energy storage device or the energy supply device of the vehicle exceeds the high-temperature protection temperature, the heating mode or the charging mode is exited. The high-temperature protection temperature may be, for example, 65°C.

[0123] This application also provides an energy exchange system, including an energy supply device and the aforementioned vehicle.

[0124] In one embodiment of this application, the energy supply device includes an energy storage unit and an energy receiving unit connected to the energy storage unit. The energy storage device is used in a first phase to store at least a portion of the electrical energy released by the vehicle to the energy supply device. The energy storage device and energy storage unit can be any form of energy storage device.

[0125] In one embodiment of this application, the power receiving unit is connected to the power grid. In a first stage, the power receiving unit transmits at least a portion of the electrical energy released by the vehicle to the power supply device to the power grid. The vehicle may discharge only to the power supply device, only to the power grid, or discharge to both the power supply device and the power grid.

[0126] Optionally, after switching from the first stage to the second stage, the energy discharged from the vehicle to the energy supply device in the first stage can be recharged back to the vehicle.

[0127] For example, when an energy supply device is replenishing a vehicle's power, both the power grid and the energy supply device can be used simultaneously. This allows for a faster replenishment speed.

[0128] Regarding the energy supply device, in a possible implementation of this application, the power receiving unit includes an energy conversion device, which can be used for: In the first phase, the voltage output from the vehicle is converted to a voltage that matches the energy storage unit and / or the voltage output from the vehicle is converted to a voltage that matches the power grid.

[0129] In the first phase, the voltage output from the vehicle is converted to a voltage that matches the energy storage unit and / or the grid; and the voltage output from the energy storage unit and / or the grid is converted to a voltage that matches the vehicle.

[0130] In one embodiment of this application, the energy conversion device includes a plurality of DC-DC converters.

[0131] In one embodiment of this application, the DC-DC converter is a bidirectional DC-DC converter. In the case of charge / discharge heating, the bidirectional DC-DC converter can be used for bidirectional voltage conversion between vehicles and energy storage units / grids.

[0132] In one embodiment of this application, the energy conversion device can also be used in the second stage to convert the voltage output by the power grid or energy storage unit into a voltage that matches the vehicle.

[0133] In one embodiment of this application, the DC-DC converter can adjust the voltage ratio across the converter by adjusting the coil winding ratio.

[0134] In one embodiment of this application, the energy supply device further includes multiple sensors for acquiring operating parameters in the first stage. These operating parameters may include, but are not limited to, ambient temperature, temperature of the energy storage device, current, voltage of a single cell in the energy storage device, total voltage of the energy storage device, state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device, and SOC of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device. The multiple sensors include, but are not limited to, voltage detection devices, current detection devices, and temperature detection devices.

[0135] In one embodiment of this application, the energy supply device further includes a first processor, which is connected to an energy conversion device and also connected to a sensor. The first processor is used to acquire operating parameters and control the process in the first stage.

[0136] In one embodiment of this application, the energy supply device includes a host and a terminal, the vehicle is connected to the host through the terminal, and the power receiving unit is deployed on the host.

[0137] The terminal can connect to a vehicle's charging gun, or it can establish a wireless charging connection with the vehicle.

[0138] The terminal can also be used to enable information exchange between vehicles and energy supply devices.

[0139] In one embodiment of this application, the energy storage capacity of the energy storage unit is greater than that of the energy storage device.

[0140] In one embodiment of this application, the energy supply device includes multiple energy storage units.

[0141] In one embodiment of this application, the energy supply device can be connected to multiple vehicles and can store electrical energy released by the multiple vehicles to the energy supply device when all the multiple vehicles are in the first stage.

[0142] In some possible implementations, the charging / discharging heating process begins when the temperature of the energy storage device of the energy supply equipment is below the cryogenic protection temperature.

[0143] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and method steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0144] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed circuits and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, or may be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.

[0145] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A means of transportation having an energy storage device, characterized in that, When the ambient temperature is below a first temperature threshold, the energy storage device and the energy supply device are controlled to exchange energy. The SOC of the vehicle includes a first stage and a second stage, wherein the SOC in the first stage decreases or remains unchanged, and the SOC in the second stage increases.

2. The means of transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the vehicle is connected to the energy supply device, the vehicle communicates with the energy supply device to determine that the vehicle is a preset vehicle and / or to determine that the energy supply device is a preset energy supply device.

3. The means of transportation according to claim 2, characterized in that, After the vehicle is fully connected to the energy supply device, the vehicle communicates with the energy supply device to determine that the vehicle is a preset vehicle and / or to determine that the energy supply device is a preset energy supply device.

4. The means of transportation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vehicle communicates bidirectionally with the energy supply device. In the first cycle, the vehicle receives first information sent by the energy supply device. In the second cycle, the vehicle sends second information to the energy supply device. The first cycle and the second cycle completely overlap, or overlap at least for a portion of the time, or the first cycle and the second cycle are completely staggered.

5. The means of transportation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vehicle communicates bidirectionally with the energy supply device. In the first cycle, the vehicle receives a first message from the energy supply device and sends a third message to the energy supply device. In the second cycle, the vehicle sends a second message to the energy supply device and receives a fourth message from the energy supply device. The first and second cycles completely overlap, or overlap at least for a portion of the time, or the first and second cycles are completely staggered.

6. The means of transportation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two-way communication between the vehicle and the energy supply device includes a first cycle, a second cycle, a third cycle, and a fourth cycle. In the first cycle, the vehicle receives a first message from the energy supply device. In the second cycle, the vehicle sends a second message to the energy supply device. In the third cycle, the vehicle sends a third message to the energy supply device. In the fourth cycle, the vehicle receives a fourth message from the energy supply device.

7. The means of transport according to claim 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that, The first information, the second information, the third information, and the fourth information include at least an identifier, wherein the identifier includes at least one of numbers, letters, characters, or combinations of numbers, letters, and characters.

8. The means of transportation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle sends a "first demand" message to the energy supply device and receives a "first result" message from the energy supply device.

9. The means of transport according to claim 8, characterized in that, The "first requirement" includes at least the heating requirement of the energy storage device, and the "first result" includes at least one of the following: a command to allow the energy storage device to heat up, the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage unit in the energy supply device, and a fault state of the energy supply device.

10. The means of transport according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vehicle sends first parameter information to the energy supply device, the first parameter information including at least one of the following: the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, the temperature of the energy storage device, the current of the energy storage device, and the voltage of the energy storage device.

11. The means of transport according to claim 10, characterized in that, The vehicle receives second parameter information sent by the energy supply device, the second parameter information including at least one of the energy storage unit SOC of the energy supply device, the rated receiving current, and the temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device.

12. The means of transport according to claim 11, characterized in that, The vehicle has a heating mode. When both the first parameter information and the second parameter information meet the first preset condition, the vehicle activates the heating mode.

13. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that, In at least one time period during the first stage, energy flows from the energy storage device to the energy supply device, and in the second stage, energy flows from the energy supply device to the energy storage device.

14. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the temperature of the energy storage device or the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device meets the second preset condition, the first stage switches to the second stage.

15. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle is allowed to switch from the first stage to the second stage under a first fault condition, and the vehicle is prohibited from switching from the first stage to the second stage under a second fault condition.

16. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a display interface on which the SOC decreases or remains unchanged in the first stage, and increases in the second stage.

17. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a display interface. In the first stage, the display interface contains reminder information, including a warning to draw the weapon with caution.

18. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that... The temperature rise rate V1 of the core in the first stage of the energy storage device is greater than the temperature rise rate V2 of the core in the second stage of the energy storage device.

19. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that... The time of the first stage is T1, and the time of the second stage is T2, where T2 = A * T1, and the value of A is in the range of [1, 15].

20. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that... The vehicle also includes high-voltage electrical components, which, during the first stage, operate with limited power or not at all.

21. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy value received by the energy storage device is a first energy value, and the energy value released by the energy storage device is a second energy value. The cost incurred by the vehicle in the energy exchange between the energy storage device and the energy supply device is equal to the electricity price per unit multiplied by the difference between the first energy value and the second energy value.

22. The means of transport according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first stage, the vehicle has a heating mode, and the heating scheme of the heating mode may be at least one of the following: Option 1: Perform only discharge heating; Option 2: Perform discharge heating first, then perform charge-discharge heating; Option 3: Perform charge-discharge heating first, then perform discharge heating; Option 4: Perform only charge and discharge heating.

23. The means of transport according to claim 22, characterized in that, The heating scheme is selectable, and the selection criteria include one or more of the following: The SOC of the energy storage device, the temperature of the energy storage device, the ambient temperature, the temperature of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device, and the SOC of the energy storage unit of the energy supply device.

24. An energy exchange system, characterized in that, Includes energy supply devices and vehicles as described in any one of claims 1-23.

25. The energy exchange system according to claim 24, characterized in that, The energy supply device includes an energy storage unit and an energy receiving unit. The energy receiving unit is connected to the energy storage unit, and the energy storage unit is used to store at least a portion of the electrical energy released by the vehicle to the energy supply device in the first stage. And / or, The power receiving unit is connected to the power grid. In the first stage, the power receiving unit transmits at least a portion of the electrical energy released by the vehicle to the energy supply device to the power grid.

26. The energy exchange system according to claim 25, characterized in that, The power receiving unit includes an energy conversion device, which is used for: In the first stage: the voltage output by the vehicle is converted to a voltage that matches the energy storage unit and / or the power grid; and / or Convert the voltage output by the vehicle to a voltage that matches the energy storage unit and / or the power grid; and convert the voltage output by the energy storage unit and / or the power grid to a voltage that matches the vehicle.

27. The energy exchange system according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that, The energy supply device further includes a first processor, which is connected to the energy conversion device and is used to control the vehicle to exchange energy with the energy supply device.

28. The energy exchange system according to claim 25, characterized in that, The energy supply device has a greater energy storage capacity than the energy storage device.

29. The energy exchange system according to claim 24, characterized in that, The energy supply device also includes a host and a terminal, the vehicle is connected to the host through the terminal, and the power receiving unit is deployed on the host; The terminal is connected to the vehicle via a charging gun, which is connected to the vehicle's energy storage device.

30. The energy exchange system according to claim 29, characterized in that, The terminal is configured to enable information and energy interaction between the vehicle and the energy supply device.

Images