Urban intelligent lamp post and intelligent control method utilizing multiple renewable energies in cooperation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of urban wisdom lamp poles of synergic utilization of multiple renewable energy sources and intelligent control method, belong to renewable energy comprehensive utilization technical field.Lamp post includes lamp post body, top functional layer, middle heat exchange layer and lower equipment layer.Top functional layer is integrated with photovoltaic-wind guide integrated top cover, micro wind power component and annular illumination module.Middle heat exchange layer includes internal vertical air duct, annular radiating fin and coil-PCM integrated heat exchange unit.Lower equipment layer includes equipment cabin, phase-change cold storage water tank and ground buried pipe heat exchanger.The application realizes the integration of lighting, energy production, cold storage and environmental regulation functions by three-level distributed control architecture and multi-energy collaborative scheduling strategy, which deeply integrates shallow geothermal energy, high-altitude wind energy and solar energy, significantly improves energy utilization efficiency and square thermal environment regulation capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of renewable energy comprehensive utilization technology, specifically involving a multifunctional smart light pole that applies multiple renewable energy sources to urban squares, especially an urban square light pole that integrates shallow geothermal energy utilization, high-altitude wind energy capture, photovoltaic power generation, phase change cold storage, water-cooled heat exchange and air-cooled air supply. Background Technology

[0002] Urban plaza lighting poles are among the most widely distributed and numerous infrastructure facilities in plazas. Taking a medium-sized urban plaza as an example, the number of poles typically ranges from dozens to hundreds, with heights varying from 6 to 30 meters. Their enormous structural height, internal cavity space, and underground foundation space provide a natural platform for functional integration. However, the existing plaza lighting poles have extremely limited functions, only undertaking the task of nighttime illumination, and their structural potential has not been fully utilized.

[0003] In recent years, although some "smart light pole" technologies have emerged, integrating functions such as photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, environmental monitoring, information dissemination, and electric vehicle charging, significant shortcomings remain in terms of energy utilization depth and thermal environment regulation capabilities. These shortcomings are mainly manifested in the following ways: First, while existing smart light poles partially integrate photovoltaic or wind power generation, they are mostly simple wind-solar hybrid power supply systems, failing to form a multi-energy complementary system with shallow geothermal energy. Second, most current light poles are limited to temperature control of internal equipment, failing to utilize them as a carrier for thermal regulation of the plaza environment by supplying cooling energy. Third, the internal vertical cavities of existing smart light poles are only used as cable laying channels, not as a core path for air-cooled heat exchange and cold air delivery.

[0004] In conclusion, there is significant room for improvement in the energy supply and comprehensive utilization of urban square lampposts. Especially given the rapidly increasing demands from the public for convenience, comfort, and environmental quality in urban life, fully utilizing existing infrastructure and employing energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies to expand facility functions and improve the thermal environment of public spaces without increasing the burden on urban space is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed in urban construction and renewal. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the prominent problems of existing plaza lighting poles, such as limited functionality, reliance on mains electricity, and low structural space utilization. It also addresses the growing demand in the face of frequent summer heat waves and the intensifying urban heat island effect by proposing a smart urban plaza lighting pole that integrates geothermal, wind, and solar energy utilization. By integrating six functional modules—shallow geothermal energy utilization, high-altitude wind energy capture, photovoltaic and wind power generation, phase change cold storage, water-cooled heat exchange, and air-cooled air supply—into a single pole structure, the lighting pole becomes a comprehensive energy hub encompassing lighting, energy production, cold storage, heat exchange, and environmental regulation.

[0006] This invention fully utilizes the height advantage of the lampposts to capture high-altitude wind energy for natural ventilation; it uses the internal cavity of the lamppost as a vertical air duct and heat exchange channel to achieve air-cooled air supply and cooling of the ground space; it utilizes the top surface area of ​​the lamppost to install photovoltaic panels and wind turbine generators for power generation; it utilizes the space beneath the lamppost foundation to bury underground pipe heat exchangers to develop and utilize shallow geothermal energy; and it utilizes the space at the bottom of the lamppost to set up a phase change cold storage water tank and a water-cooled water storage pool to establish an underground thin-layer water-cooling circulation, achieving low-water-volume, high-efficiency surface cooling. Through the integrated use of the above functions, the lampposts, while fulfilling their lighting tasks, provide clean energy and cooling to the plaza, achieving proactive regulation of the plaza's thermal environment.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a smart urban light pole that synergistically utilizes multiple renewable energy sources, comprising: The lamp post body is a multi-layered concentric cylindrical structure, consisting of a central pipeline channel, a ring-shaped main air duct, and an outer structural load-bearing layer from the inside out. The top functional layer, located at the top of the lamp post body, includes: The photovoltaic-wind guide integrated top cover has photovoltaic panels arranged in an umbrella or cone shape, and the wind guide cover is set below or in the center of the umbrella-shaped photovoltaic top cover to collect the air from the high altitude and guide it into the internal air duct of the light column. A micro wind power module is a small vertical axis wind turbine. The ring lighting module is installed below the photovoltaic panel and uses an LED light source; The central heat exchange layer, located in the upper to lower middle part of the lamp post body, includes: The vertical air duct inside the lamp post, namely the annular main air duct, has a guide plate on its inner wall and an air duct switching valve. The inner wall of the lamp post has annular heat dissipation fins, which are evenly arranged along the height of the lamp post. The coil-PCM integrated heat exchange unit is ring-shaped and arranged around the internal air duct of the lamp post. Its interior is a coil-fin-PCM composite, with PCM material filling the gaps between the coil and the fins. The lower equipment layer, located at the bottom of the light pole, includes: The equipment compartment contains a circulating water pump, frequency converter, PLC or microcontroller controller, battery and water storage tank; Phase change cold water tanks are installed inside the high-mast lighting pit or in an underground space adjacent to the pit. The underground pipe heat exchanger is installed below the high-mast light and uses vertical double U-shaped HDPE pipes. The intelligent management system adopts a three-level distributed control architecture, including a central controller, regional controllers, and terminal controllers. The regional controllers and terminal controllers are respectively located in the equipment compartments of high-mast lights and mid-mast lights. The intelligent management system executes a multi-energy collaborative scheduling strategy, which is based on a three-level tiered utilization principle. It matches three types of cold sources—buried pipes, phase change cold storage, and air cooling—according to their energy efficiency characteristics: the buried pipe heat exchanger provides the basic cold source, pre-cooling the circulating water to 20~22℃; the phase change cold storage module further cools the water to 12~15℃; and the air cooling heat exchanger uses the low-temperature air at high altitudes at night for final peak cooling, reducing the temperature to below 10℃.

[0008] Preferably, the outer wall of the lamp post is coated with a zoned functional coating, with a high-reflectivity heat-insulating coating on the sun-facing side and a high-emissivity radiation-dissipating coating on the shaded side.

[0009] Preferably, the photovoltaic-wind guide integrated top cover rotates around the lamp post axis and has a vertical tail fin at the rear, which automatically aligns with the prevailing wind direction using wind power.

[0010] Preferably, the air duct switching valve is an electric butterfly valve or an electric louver valve, which has three states: air-cooled position, air supply position, and natural ventilation position.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent management system further includes a prediction-response collaborative control module, which accesses meteorological forecast data and adjusts the nighttime cooling strategy in advance based on the next day's temperature, sunshine, and wind speed forecasts.

[0012] Another objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent control method based on the aforementioned smart lamppost, including a summer nighttime cooling mode that executes a three-stage cooling process: First stage - underground pipe foundation cold storage: the underground pipe circulation pump runs at full speed, sending water from the water-cooled storage tank into the underground pipe heat exchanger, and using the underground constant temperature layer to pre-cool the water temperature to 20~22℃. The second stage – PCM deep cold storage: The pre-cooled water is sent into the phase change cold storage water tank and flows through the PCM module. The phase change material absorbs heat from the water, and the water temperature is further reduced to 12~15℃, and the PCM gradually solidifies. The third stage – air-cooled peak cold storage: When the water temperature of the phase change cold storage tank is still higher than 14℃, the water pump and fan are started simultaneously to send the water in the tank into the spiral heat exchange coil to form a circulating water flow. High-altitude cold air enters the air duct from the top, flows downward through the outer surface of the spiral heat exchange coil, absorbs the heat of the circulating water in the coil, and is discharged from the bottom, finally reducing the water temperature to below 10℃. The controller automatically activates the following stages based on the water tank temperature: when the temperature is above 18℃, the underground pipe stage is activated; when the temperature drops below 18℃, the PCM stage is activated; and when the temperature drops below 14℃, the air-cooled stage is activated.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a daytime cooling and air supply mode: when the water temperature of the phase change cold storage water tank is 12~15℃, cold water is sent to the underground pipe network through the water supply interface at the bottom of the lamp post to supply the underground water cooling system; when the water cooling circulation is closed and the ambient temperature is higher than 28℃ and the water temperature of the phase change water tank is lower than 18℃, it switches to the daytime air cooling and air supply mode, water is taken from the phase change water tank and sent to the heat exchange coil, and air enters the air duct from the top, is cooled by the coil, and is sent to the ground of the square from the bottom air outlet.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a natural ventilation and transitional season mode: when the ambient temperature is 22~32℃, the relative humidity reaches 75% or above, or the PM2.5 concentration reaches 75μg / m³ or above, it switches to natural ventilation mode, the air duct switching valve opens the natural ventilation path, the bottom air inlet and the top air outlet are fully opened, and the rising airflow is generated by the solar chimney effect.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a winter antifreeze mode: when the temperature drops below 5°C, the buried pipe heat exchanger switches to heat collection mode through a reversing valve to extract heat from the ground for lamp post antifreeze and opens the drain valve to drain accumulated water.

[0016] Preferably, the intelligent management system executes energy dispatch priorities in the following order from high to low: direct photovoltaic power supply, direct wind power supply, geothermal basic cooling, energy storage dispatch, and grid power supplementation.

[0017] Based on the above technical solution, the advantages of the present invention are: This invention deeply integrates three renewable energy sources—shallow geothermal energy, high-altitude wind energy, and solar energy—on a single lamppost. Photovoltaic panels and wind turbines convert solar and wind energy into electricity to drive water pumps and fans; a rotatable wind deflector captures high-altitude wind energy for natural ventilation and auxiliary heat dissipation; and a buried pipe heat exchanger utilizes shallow geothermal energy as the basic cold source for the water-cooling cycle. The three energy sources work synergistically and complement each other, combined with a tiered scheduling strategy of direct photovoltaic power supply, nighttime wind power use, and continuous geothermal cooling, making the lamppost's operation almost entirely independent of external grid power. This multi-energy complementary power supply mode effectively overcomes the instability and intermittency of single renewable energy sources. Furthermore, all functional modules are integrated within the lamppost itself or the underground foundation, without altering the lamppost's appearance, adding any ground-level facilities, or affecting the plaza's landscape or spatial openness.

[0018] This invention utilizes a phase-change cold storage module to store cold energy at night and release it during the day, giving the lamppost a time-transfer capability of "cold energy storage at night and cold energy release during the day." It also fully utilizes the hollow cavity of the lamppost as a vertical air duct, achieving "multi-purpose use of one cavity": a wind-cooling heat dissipation channel at night, a cold air supply channel during the day, and a natural ventilation channel during transitional seasons. Simultaneously, the spiral heat exchange coil inside the lamppost acts as a radiator at night and an air cooler during the day, achieving "dual-purpose use of one coil." Functional switching is automatically achieved through intelligent control. The lamppost thus becomes a comprehensive energy hub integrating lighting, energy production, cold energy storage, heat exchange, and environmental regulation functions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smart lamppost of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the high-mast light and the mid-mast light of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, the smart lampposts of this invention are divided into two types, high-mast lamppost A and mid-mast lamppost B, according to their usage scenarios and functional requirements.

[0022] The high-mast light A has a height of 20-30m and is suitable for use as a regional cooling hub in central squares and assembly areas. It is equipped with a buried pipe heat exchanger 43, a large phase-change chilled water tank 42, and a water-cooled storage pool at the bottom, and a high-power photovoltaic panel and a large air-cooled heat exchanger at the top. Each high-mast light serves four medium-mast lights and their corresponding water-cooling units. The high-mast lights are positioned in the square according to the geometric center of the medium-mast light group they serve, with the length difference of the water supply pipes to each medium-mast light not exceeding 20%, balancing water supply efficiency with avoiding disruption to the normal function of the main passageways and assembly areas of the square.

[0023] The mid-mast light B, with a height of 12-15m, is suitable for use as a terminal water distribution node in plaza rest areas and passageways. The equipment compartment is equipped with a buffer water tank and a circulating pump, responsible for distributing cold water to the surrounding water-cooled paving units and providing daytime air cooling. The mid-mast lights are evenly distributed according to plaza lighting design specifications, using a ring-shaped lighting pattern to achieve 360° all-around illumination, with an effective lighting radius of approximately 20-30m.

[0024] Both types of lamp posts maintain the same structural integrity, featuring a high-strength steel or aluminum alloy conical hollow structure with an internal vertical air duct that serves as both an airflow channel and a pipeline channel. The lamp post has a flange base that is fixed to a concrete foundation using anchor bolts. Installation space for a phase-change cooling water tank 42 and a water-cooled water storage pool is reserved within or beside the foundation.

[0025] (1) Appearance and structure of lamppost like Figure 1 As shown, the lamp post body 1 is made of high-strength aluminum alloy or high thermal conductivity composite material (thermal conductivity ≥200W / (m·K)), and the surface is anodized. The outer wall of the lamp post is coated with a zoned functional coating: a high-reflectivity heat-insulating coating (solar reflectivity ≥90%) is applied to the sun-facing side to reduce daytime solar radiation absorption; a high-emissivity radiative heat dissipation coating (mid-infrared emissivity ≥0.85) is applied to the shaded side to enhance nighttime radiative heat dissipation. The coatings are bonded to the lamp post substrate through anodizing or spraying processes.

[0026] The lamp post body 1 is a multi-layered concentric cylindrical structure, consisting of the following layers from the inside out: The central layer – pipeline channel 11: located in the innermost layer of the lamp post, it is used to accommodate power cables, signal lines and control cables, and is physically isolated from the outer air duct to avoid airflow interference and corrosion of the cables.

[0027] Intermediate Layer – Annular Main Air Duct 12: Arranged around the central layer, this is the main airflow channel for the light pole and also the location of the heat exchange coils. The inner wall of the duct is smooth, with guide vanes segmented along the height to guide airflow along a predetermined path. The duct cross-section is annular, with an equivalent diameter ≥200mm (high mast light) or ≥150mm (medium mast light) to ensure sufficient airflow capacity.

[0028] Outer Layer – Structural Load-Bearing Layer 13: The outer wall of the lamp post bears wind loads and the structural weight. The outer wall also serves as the outer boundary of the air duct, connecting to the outside world through the proper placement of air inlets and outlets.

[0029] The multi-layered concentric cylindrical structure integrates the air duct with the lamp post structure. The air duct wall itself is part of the lamp post structure, eliminating the need for additional air ducts and greatly improving space utilization.

[0030] The lamp post is arranged in sequence from top to bottom as follows: top functional layer 2, middle heat exchange layer 3, and lower equipment layer 4.

[0031] 1. Top Functional Layer 2 Top functional layer 2 is the core interface for energy exchange between the lamp post and the external environment, and includes the following modules: (1) Integrated photovoltaic-wind guide dome 21 The photovoltaic panels are arranged in an umbrella or cone shape, forming a sloping annular surface around the top of the light pole. The tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels is consistent with the local optimal power generation tilt angle (generally ±15° of the local latitude) to ensure maximum solar radiation reception. Airflow channels are installed in the gaps or edges between the photovoltaic panels to guide airflow along the surface of the panels.

[0032] The umbrella-shaped structure creates a natural airflow channel on the surface of the photovoltaic panel—as the wind flows upward from the bottom, it accelerates along the sloping surface of the umbrella, creating a negative pressure zone on the back of the photovoltaic panel, enhancing natural ventilation and heat dissipation. This can reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel by 5-10°C and increase power generation efficiency by 3-5%.

[0033] High-mast lights have a total area of ​​3-5 m² and a peak power of 500-1000 W, while mid-mast lights have a total area of ​​1-2 m² and a peak power of 200-400 W. The photovoltaic panels are made of monocrystalline silicon or flexible thin-film type, with a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating on the surface to reduce the impact of dust accumulation on power generation efficiency.

[0034] The air guide shroud is located below or in the center of the umbrella-shaped photovoltaic dome and is fixedly connected to the photovoltaic panel. The air inlets of the air guide shroud are arranged around the top of the light column, using the umbrella-shaped slope of the photovoltaic panel to gather the airflow from the upper atmosphere and guide it into the internal air duct of the light column. The air guide shroud is equipped with guide vanes to evenly distribute the incoming airflow into the internal air duct of the light column.

[0035] The supporting frame of the photovoltaic panel also serves as the airflow guide structure of the wind deflector, reducing the need for additional structural components and achieving "one structure, two functions". The photovoltaic panel and the wind deflector as a whole can rotate around the axis of the lamp post, and a vertical tail fin is provided at the rear, which automatically aligns with the prevailing wind direction using wind power, without the need for additional drive.

[0036] A heat dissipation duct is formed between the back of the photovoltaic panel and the air guide. Natural wind flows into the heat dissipation duct from the edge of the photovoltaic panel, carries away heat as it passes over the back of the panel, and then enters the lamp post through the air inlet of the air guide. This design allows the photovoltaic panel to dissipate heat using natural wind while generating electricity, avoiding a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency caused by high temperatures.

[0037] The air guide hood outlet of the integrated top cover is connected to the internal air duct of the lamp post. Depending on the operating mode, the air captured by the air guide hood can enter the lamp post air duct for heat exchange (air-cooled mode or air supply mode), or it can be directly discharged (natural ventilation mode), realizing complete airflow management from "air capture-air guidance-air utilization".

[0038] (2) Micro wind power module 22 The top of the lamppost is equipped with a wind power generation module, the core of which is a small vertical axis wind turbine. Together with photovoltaic panels, energy storage batteries, and a smart controller, it forms a wind-solar hybrid power generation system. When photovoltaic power generation is insufficient (such as on cloudy or rainy days or at night), the system automatically switches to wind power generation as an alternative or supplementary power source, prioritizing the use of wind and solar energy to power the lamppost equipment. Excess power is stored in batteries to ensure uninterrupted operation of the system throughout the year.

[0039] The wind turbine adopts a low-wind-speed start-up design, with a starting wind speed as low as 1.5 m / s. Its vertical axis structure can capture wind energy from any direction without the need for a yaw device, making it suitable for complex urban wind environments. The generator is installed at the top of the light pole and arranged in layers with the photovoltaic panels. The power is transmitted through the hollow cavity inside the light pole to the bottom equipment compartment 41, which is highly integrated with the existing pipeline system and does not require additional ground facilities.

[0040] (3) Ring lighting module 23 The light panel is installed below the photovoltaic panel at the top of the light pole, using LED light sources. High-mast lights have a power of 200-400W, while mid-mast lights have a power of 100-200W. The light panel uses a ring-shaped arrangement, with 6-12 floodlights or spotlights evenly distributed in a circle to achieve 360° all-around illumination. An anti-glare grille is installed below the light panel. Heat dissipation for the lights uses a combination of active and passive cooling. Aluminum alloy heat sink fins on the back of the light panel utilize natural convection for heat dissipation, while a miniature fan inside the light panel exhausts the heat generated by the lights upwards through the internal air ducts of the light pole.

[0041] 2. Middle heat exchange layer 3 The middle heat exchange layer 3 is located in the upper to lower middle section of the lamp post body and is the core area for heat exchange in the lamp post.

[0042] (1) Vertical air duct inside the lamp post 31 The hollow cavity inside the lamp post body also serves as a vertical air duct 31. The inner wall is smooth to reduce air resistance. The duct cross-section is circular or polygonal, with a diameter or equivalent diameter ≥200mm (high-mast lamps) or ≥150mm (medium-mast lamps). The inner wall of the duct is equipped with guide vanes to guide the airflow smoothly upwards or downwards. One air outlet is located on the side of the equipment compartment 41 at the bottom of the lamp post, and the other is located at the top of the lamp post or below the lamp panel. An air duct switching valve 311 is installed inside the duct to switch between different airflow paths and inlet / outlet directions—air-cooled heat dissipation path, cold air supply, or natural ventilation path.

[0043] (2) 32 ring-shaped heat dissipation fins on the inner wall of the lamp post Annular heat dissipation fins 32 are added to the inner wall of the air duct inside the lamp post and are evenly arranged along the height of the lamp post. The fins are made of aluminum alloy with a thickness of 1~2mm and a spacing of 50~100mm. They are in the form of rings or spirals, which can greatly increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the inner wall of the air duct and improve the air-cooled heat exchange efficiency.

[0044] (3) Integrated heat exchange unit 33 of "coil-PCM" The spiral heat exchange coil and the phase change energy storage module (PCM) are integrated into a single heat exchange unit 33. The single heat exchange unit is ring-shaped and arranged around the internal air duct of the lamp post. The outer wall of the unit is an insulated shell, and the inner wall is a heat-conducting wall (in contact with the air in the air duct). Inside the shell is a coil-fin-PCM composite. The inlet and outlet of the coil extend outside the shell through sealed joints and are connected to the circulating water pipeline.

[0045] The heat exchange coil is housed within a metal or high-strength engineering plastic shell. PCM (Polymer Sulfate) is directly filled and encapsulated within the tube-to-tube and fin gaps of the coil, achieving "zero-distance" heat exchange. The heat exchange coil employs a tube-fin structure—copper or aluminum alloy tubes with interlocking or welded annular fins, with a fin spacing of 3-8 mm. The PCM material fills all the gaps between the coil and the fins, directly contacting the outer wall of the coil and the surface of the fins, eliminating the need for an intermediate medium.

[0046] The coil serves as the "skeleton" and heat exchange channel of the PCM, with circulating water (at night) or cold water (during the day) flowing through it; the fins significantly expand the heat exchange area, making the heat exchange between the PCM and the coil more thorough; the PCM fills the gaps between the tubes and fins, making zero-distance contact with the heat exchange surface, eliminating the heat exchange loss caused by water or air as an intermediate medium in traditional solutions.

[0047] For summer cold storage operations, inorganic hydrated salt PCM (phase change temperature 14~16℃, latent heat of phase change ≥180kJ / kg) is selected. It solidifies and stores cold at night and melts and releases cold during the day. The shell is equipped with a sealable filling port for PCM filling and replacement. The PCM is microencapsulated or directly filled and then sealed to prevent liquid leakage.

[0048] 3. Lower equipment layer 4 The lower equipment layer 4 is located at the bottom of the lamp post and serves as the energy management, hydraulic transmission and distribution, and control center for the lamp post.

[0049] (1) Equipment compartment 41 Equipment compartment 41 is a waterproof, sealed enclosure located at the base of the light pole, made of stainless steel or high-strength engineering plastic. The following equipment is installed inside: circulating water pumps (2~5kW for the main circulating pump of high-mast lights, 0.5~1kW for the zone booster pumps of mid-mast lights); frequency converter; PLC or microcontroller controller; lithium iron phosphate or lead-acid batteries (48V / 50~200Ah for high-mast lights, 24V / 20~50Ah for mid-mast lights); and a water storage tank (50~200L for storing condensate collected by the air intake device). The equipment compartment is equipped with an access door for easy equipment maintenance.

[0050] (2) Phase change cold water tank 42 and buried pipe heat exchanger 43 A phase change cold storage water tank 42 (volume 80~100m³) is installed in the pit of the high-mast lighting or in the underground space adjacent to the pit. The tank is filled with phase change material and serves as the core cold storage equipment for the regional cold source hub. A buffer water tank (volume 2~5m³) is installed in the equipment compartment of the medium-mast lighting.

[0051] The buried pipe heat exchanger 43 is installed below the high-mast light, using vertical double U-shaped high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes with a diameter of DN25~DN32. Each high-mast light is equipped with 3~5 wells, with a well depth of 80~100m, and a single well heat exchange of approximately 6~7kW. The buried pipe is connected to the phase change cold water storage tank 42 through a manifold, operating continuously 24 hours a day as the system's basic cold source. The buried pipe circulation pump is a fixed-frequency centrifugal pump with a design flow rate of 5.5~6.0m³ / h, a head of 8~12m, and a motor input power of 0.3~0.5kW.

[0052] (3) Water inlet and outlet pipe interfaces The base of the lamp post is equipped with a water supply interface and a return water interface, which connect to the underground ring network via flanges or quick couplings. Manual shut-off valves and filters are installed at the interfaces for easy zone isolation and maintenance. The equipment compartment of the mid-mast lamp contains a water distributor and a water collector. The water distributor divides the incoming water into multiple branch pipes connecting to the water-cooled channels of each row of floor tiles, while the water collector combines the multiple return water streams into a single line returning to the high-mast lamp.

[0053] (iv) Intelligent Management System The system adopts a three-level distributed control architecture. With multi-energy coordinated dispatch as the core, it realizes the deep coupling and cascade utilization of three renewable energy sources: photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, and shallow geothermal energy.

[0054] The central controller is located in the plaza equipment room or within a high-mast lighting equipment compartment, responsible for overall scheduling, strategy optimization, data recording, and remote communication. Area controllers are located within each high-mast lighting equipment compartment, responsible for switching the cooling source, controlling the water pumps, and managing the temperature within their respective areas. Terminal controllers are located within each mid-mast lighting equipment compartment, responsible for starting and stopping the water cooling cycle, regulating flow, and collecting temperature data for their respective water-cooling units. Controllers at all levels exchange data in real time and operate collaboratively via wired or wireless communication. The system is configured with three operating modes: local manual control, remote control, and automatic control.

[0055] The system deploys a sensor network at key nodes, including surface temperature sensors for floor tiles, temperature sensors for the phase change cold storage tank and its inlet and outlet water, water temperature sensors for the water-cooled storage pool, supply and return water temperature sensors for the buried pipes, inlet and outlet water temperature sensors for the cooling tower, ambient temperature and humidity sensors, light intensity sensors, temperature sensors for the internal air ducts of the lampposts, air outlet temperature sensors, liquid level sensors for each water tank, flow and pressure sensors for the water supply branches of each mid-mast lamp, PM2.5 / PM10 air quality sensors, rainfall sensors, and wind speed and direction sensors.

[0056] The duct switching valve is the actuator for switching between air cooling and air supply functions. It is located in the middle of the internal duct of the lamp post, upstream or downstream of the spiral heat exchange coil. The valve body is an electric butterfly valve or an electric louvered valve, driven by a switch or analog signal output from the controller, and has three states: air cooling, air supply, and natural ventilation. The pipeline switching valve is located at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange coil, used to switch the medium in the coil to either circulating water at night (air cooling mode) or cold water during the day (cold air supply mode).

[0057] The multi-energy coordinated scheduling strategy is the core of the intelligent management system of this invention. Based on a three-tiered utilization principle, the system matches three cold sources—buried pipes, phase change thermal storage, and air cooling—according to their energy efficiency characteristics: the buried pipe heat exchanger 43 utilizes the underground constant temperature layer (15~20℃) to provide a basic cold source, pre-cooling the circulating water from ambient temperature to 20~22℃; the phase change thermal storage module 42 (phase change temperature 14~16℃) further cools the water to a deeper temperature of 12~15℃; and the air cooling heat exchanger utilizes the low-temperature air at high altitudes at night for final peak cooling (which can reduce the temperature to below 10℃). These three components form a three-tiered utilization chain: "buried pipe basic cooling → PCM deep thermal storage → air cooling peak cooling," with each level undertaking the temperature reduction task matched to its energy efficiency, maximizing overall energy efficiency. The controller automatically determines the current level based on the water tank temperature—activating each level sequentially when the temperature is high, and only activating the high-efficiency level when the temperature is close to the target.

[0058] The solar-thermal-cooling coordinated scheduling achieves deep coupling between photovoltaic power generation and cold energy storage. When photovoltaic power generation is sufficient (during sunny days), the controller will prioritize using photovoltaic power to drive the ground source heat pump circulation pump, converting excess solar energy into cold energy stored in phase change materials, thus realizing the energy form conversion of "light to cold". When photovoltaic power generation is insufficient (on cloudy or rainy days or at night), the buried pipe heat exchanger 43 continues to maintain basic cooling as a passive cold source, while the stored power in the battery prioritizes ensuring the minimum energy consumption of the water-cooled circulation pump and control system. Through this coordinated scheduling, the system can maintain continuous cooling capacity for more than 48 hours even without mains power access.

[0059] The time-based matching of wind power and cold storage leverages the natural phenomenon that nighttime wind speeds are typically higher than daytime wind speeds, coupling wind power generation with phase change cold storage. The electricity generated by the wind turbine at night directly drives the fans in the air-cooling system, forcing cold air from high altitudes into the heat exchange coils, accelerating the solidification and cold storage process of the phase change material. The controller monitors wind speed and cold storage progress in real time; when the wind speed exceeds the activation threshold and cold storage is not yet complete, it automatically prioritizes allocating wind power to the air-cooling system. This time-based matching strategy of "wind power used at night, cold energy released during the day" maximizes the utilization efficiency of wind energy.

[0060] Predictive-response coordinated control is the core of the system's intelligence. The controller receives weather forecast data and adjusts the nighttime cooling strategy in advance based on the next day's temperature, sunshine, and wind speed predictions: if the forecast for the next day is hot and sunny, the nighttime cooling time is extended and the cooling depth is increased (target temperature lowered to 10℃); if the forecast for the next day is cloudy / rainy or cool, the cooling capacity is reduced to save energy. Simultaneously, based on real-time data from light intensity sensors and anemometers, combined with short-term weather forecasts (1-3 hours ahead), the system predicts changes in photovoltaic and wind power output, dynamically adjusting the battery charging and discharging strategies and the operational intensity of phase-change cooling. The system also records daily operational data (temperature, ground temperature, sunshine, wind speed, cooling capacity, cooling capacity, cooling capacity, etc.), and establishes a system energy consumption model through built-in algorithms to continuously optimize the switching thresholds and operating parameters of each mode.

[0061] The intelligent management system enables coordinated scheduling of multiple energy sources. The controller automatically schedules the three energy sources based on parameters such as light intensity, wind speed, and water tank temperature, prioritizing the use of renewable energy. The battery serves as a buffer, ensuring that the system does not rely on external mains power or only requires a small amount of supplementation.

[0062] (v) Intelligent control methods The system automatically switches between the following operating modes based on the season, time of day, and operating conditions: Summer nighttime cooling mode (22:00-6:00) The nighttime cooling mode automatically starts on nights of non-rainy days, executing a three-stage cooling process.

[0063] First stage – underground pipe foundation cold storage: The underground pipe circulation pump runs at full speed, sending water from the water-cooled storage tank into the underground pipe heat exchanger 43, using the underground constant temperature layer to pre-cool the water temperature from the ambient temperature to 20~22℃.

[0064] The second stage – PCM deep cold storage: The pre-cooled water is sent into the phase change cold storage water tank 42. When it flows through the PCM module, the phase change material absorbs heat from the water, and the water temperature drops further to 12~15℃, and the PCM gradually solidifies.

[0065] The third stage – air-cooled peak cold storage: The system continuously monitors the water temperature of the phase change cold storage tank 42. When the water temperature is still above 14℃, the water pump and fan are started simultaneously. The water pump sends water from the tank into the spiral heat exchange coil to form a circulating water flow, the fan turns on for forced ventilation, and the air duct switching valve is switched to the air-cooled position. High-altitude cold air enters the air duct from the top, flows downwards across the outer surface of the spiral heat exchange coil, absorbs the heat of the circulating water in the coil, and is discharged from the bottom, ultimately reducing the water temperature to below 10℃.

[0066] In the three-stage process, the controller automatically activates each stage sequentially based on the water tank temperature—the buried pipe stage is activated when the temperature is high (>18℃), the PCM stage is activated when the temperature drops below 18℃, and the air-cooled stage is activated when the temperature drops below 14℃. The temperature drop task undertaken by each stage is matched with its energy efficiency characteristics: the buried pipe stage handles the largest temperature difference (4~6℃) and has the highest energy efficiency; the PCM stage handles the medium temperature difference (3~4℃); and the air-cooled stage handles the smallest temperature difference (2~3℃) but can reach the lowest temperature.

[0067] Start-up procedure of the air-cooled system: The system continuously monitors the water temperature of the phase change cold storage tank 42. When the water temperature exceeds 14℃, the water pump and fan are turned on simultaneously. When the outlet water temperature of the heat exchange coil drops to 10℃, the water pump and fan are turned off simultaneously, and cold storage is completed. If the target temperature is reached before 4:00 AM, the system can end cold storage early to reduce energy consumption.

[0068] If the forecast for the next day is hot and sunny, the system will automatically extend the cooling time and lower the target temperature to 10°C to increase the cooling depth; if the forecast for the next day is cloudy, rainy and cool, the cooling will end in advance.

[0069] (ii) Daytime cooling and air supply mode The daytime cooling mode automatically activates when the floor tile temperature reaches 32℃. Cold water is supplied from the phase change cold water tank 42 (12~15℃) through the water supply interface at the bottom of the lamp post into the underground pipe network, supplying the underground water cooling system. The return water goes back to the water-cooled storage tank, undergoes preliminary cooling through underground pipes, and is then sent back to the phase change cold water tank 42 for recooling. The cooling mode automatically exits when the floor tile temperature drops below 30℃.

[0070] The daytime air-cooled air supply mode automatically activates when the water-cooling circulation is off and the ambient temperature is above 28℃, while the phase change water tank temperature is below 18℃. The air duct switching valve is switched to the air supply position, drawing water from the phase change water tank and supplying it to the heat exchange coil. The fan starts, and air enters the air duct from the top, is cooled by the coil, and then is delivered to the plaza floor from the bottom air outlet. The air supply temperature is 22~25℃.

[0071] When photovoltaic power generation is sufficient (during sunny days), the controller prioritizes using photovoltaic power to drive the water-cooled circulating pump and the ground-source heat pump circulating pump, converting excess solar energy into cooling energy stored in phase change materials. If the wind speed reaches the start-up threshold during the day, the electricity generated by the wind turbine is prioritized to drive the fans of the air-cooled ventilation system, achieving "instant power generation and use".

[0072] (III) Natural ventilation and transitional season patterns The natural ventilation mode operates during transitional seasons or non-high-temperature periods in summer. When the ambient temperature is between 22 and 32°C, the relative humidity reaches 75% or higher, or the PM2.5 concentration reaches 75 μg / m³ or higher, the system switches to natural ventilation mode to improve the air humidity and quality of the plaza. In both modes, the air duct switching valve 311 opens the natural ventilation path, the bottom air inlet and top air outlet are fully open, the fan remains closed, and the internal air duct of the lamppost utilizes the solar chimney effect to generate rising airflow, continuously drawing hot air, moisture, and pollutants from the plaza surface to higher levels for exhaust, while simultaneously introducing relatively dry and clean air from the surrounding area. The air exchange rate of a single lamppost is approximately 100-200 m³ / h; with dozens of lampposts operating simultaneously in a plaza, a continuous air exchange effect can be achieved.

[0073] The transitional season mode operates when the floor tile temperature remains below 28°C, completely shutting off the water cooling circulation and keeping the underground pipe circulation pump running at low speed to maintain the base temperature of the water tank.

[0074] (iv) Winter antifreeze mode The winter anti-freeze mode automatically activates when the temperature drops below 5°C. The buried pipe heat exchanger 43 switches to heat collection mode via a reversing valve, extracting heat (10~15°C) from the ground for lamp post anti-freeze purposes. The system opens the drain valve to drain accumulated water and introduces dry compressed air to purge residual moisture. When the spring temperature rises above 5°C, circulating water is refilled, and normal operation resumes.

[0075] (v) Energy dispatch priority The system intelligently schedules three types of renewable energy and energy storage, with priorities from highest to lowest as follows: Highest priority – direct photovoltaic power supply: When there is sunlight during the day, photovoltaic power is given priority to supplying the lamp post equipment, and excess power is stored in batteries.

[0076] Second highest priority – direct wind power supply: When the wind speed reaches the start-up threshold, wind power is used first to drive the air-cooled system (nighttime cold storage or daytime air supply), and excess power is stored in batteries.

[0077] Third priority – Geothermal basic cooling: The buried pipe heat exchanger operates 24 hours a day without interruption, serving as a basic cooling source, without relying on power dispatch, and is always in working condition.

[0078] Fourth priority – Energy storage dispatch: When both photovoltaic and wind power are insufficient, the controller will call upon the energy storage power as needed based on the remaining battery power and the current operating mode, prioritizing the water-cooled circulating pump and control system, and secondarily ensuring the air-cooled blower.

[0079] Lowest priority - Mains power supplement: Automatically switch to mains power supplement only when the battery power is below the warning value and neither photovoltaic nor wind power can meet the minimum operating requirements, to ensure continuous system operation.

[0080] Through the above multi-level dispatch strategy, the system can achieve a renewable energy utilization rate of over 90% throughout the year, requiring only a small amount of grid power supplementation during extreme continuous rainy weather.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart urban light pole that synergistically utilizes multiple renewable energy sources, characterized in that, include: The lamp post body (1) is a multi-layer concentric cylindrical structure, consisting of a central pipeline channel (11), a ring-shaped main air duct (12), and an outer structural load-bearing layer (13) from the inside out. The top functional layer (2), located on top of the lamp post body (1), includes: The photovoltaic-wind guide integrated top cover (21) has photovoltaic panels arranged in an umbrella or cone shape, and the wind guide cover is set below or in the center of the umbrella-shaped photovoltaic top cover to gather the high-altitude wind and guide it into the internal air duct of the lamp post. The micro wind turbine component (22) is a small vertical axis wind turbine; The ring lighting module (23) is installed below the photovoltaic panel and uses an LED light source; The middle heat exchange layer (3) is located in the upper to lower middle part of the lamp post body (1), and includes: The vertical air duct inside the lamp post, namely the annular main air duct (12), has a guide plate on its inner wall and an air duct switching valve. The inner wall of the lamp post has annular heat dissipation fins, which are evenly arranged along the height of the lamp post. The coil-PCM integrated heat exchange unit is ring-shaped and arranged around the internal air duct of the lamp post. Its interior is a coil-fin-PCM composite, with PCM material filling the gaps between the coil and the fins. The lower equipment layer (4), located at the bottom of the lamp post, includes: The equipment compartment (41) is equipped with a circulating water pump, frequency converter, PLC or microcontroller controller, battery and water storage tank. Phase change cold storage water tank (42) is installed in the pit of the high mast light (A) or in the underground space adjacent to the pit; The buried pipe heat exchanger (43) is located below the high-mast light (A) and uses vertical double U-shaped HDPE pipes; The intelligent management system adopts a three-level distributed control architecture, including a central controller, regional controllers and terminal controllers. The regional controllers and terminal controllers are respectively set in the equipment compartments of the high-mast lights (A) and the medium-mast lights (B). The intelligent management system executes a multi-energy collaborative scheduling strategy. This strategy is based on the three-level cascade utilization principle and matches the three cold sources of buried pipe, phase change cold storage and air cooling according to their energy efficiency characteristics: the buried pipe heat exchanger (43) provides the basic cold source and precools the circulating water to 20~22℃; the phase change cold storage module (42) further cools the water to 12~15℃; the air cooling heat exchanger uses the low temperature air at high altitude at night for the final peak cooling, which reduces the temperature to below 10℃.

2. The smart lamppost according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the lamp post body (1) is coated with a zoned functional coating, with a high-reflectivity heat-insulating coating on the sun-facing side and a high-emissivity radiation heat dissipation coating on the shaded side.

3. The smart lamppost according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic-wind guide integrated top cover (21) rotates around the lamp post axis and has a vertical tail fin at the rear, which automatically aligns with the prevailing wind direction using wind power.

4. The smart lamppost according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air duct switching valve (311) is an electric butterfly valve or an electric louver valve, and has three states: air-cooled position, air supply position, and natural ventilation position.

5. The smart lamppost according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent management system also includes a prediction-response collaborative control module, which connects to meteorological forecast data and adjusts the nighttime cooling strategy in advance based on the next day's temperature, sunshine, and wind speed forecasts.

6. A smart control method based on the smart lamppost according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, This includes a summer nighttime cooling mode, which implements a three-stage cooling process: First stage - underground pipe foundation cold storage: the underground pipe circulation pump runs at full speed, sending water from the water-cooled storage tank into the underground pipe heat exchanger (43), and using the underground constant temperature layer to pre-cool the water temperature to 20~22℃; Second stage - PCM deep cold storage: The pre-cooled water is sent into the phase change cold storage water tank (42), flows through the PCM module, the phase change material absorbs heat from the water, the water temperature is further reduced to 12~15℃, and the PCM gradually solidifies. The third stage - wind-cooled peak storage: When the water temperature of the phase change storage water tank (42) is still higher than 14°C, the water pump and fan are started simultaneously to send the water in the tank into the spiral heat exchange coil to form a circulating water flow. The high-altitude cold air enters the air duct from the top, flows down through the outer surface of the spiral heat exchange coil, absorbs the heat of the circulating water in the coil, and is discharged from the bottom, eventually reducing the water temperature to below 10°C. The controller automatically activates the following stages based on the water tank temperature: when the temperature is above 18℃, the underground pipe stage is activated; when the temperature drops below 18℃, the PCM stage is activated; and when the temperature drops below 14℃, the air-cooled stage is activated.

7. The intelligent control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes daytime cooling and air supply modes: when the water temperature of the phase change cold storage water tank (42) is 12~15℃, cold water is sent to the underground pipe network through the water supply interface at the bottom of the lamp post to supply the underground water cooling system; when the water cooling circulation is closed and the ambient temperature is higher than 28℃ and the water temperature of the phase change water tank is lower than 18℃, it switches to daytime air cooling and air supply mode, takes water from the phase change water tank and sends it to the heat exchange coil, and the air enters the air duct from the top, is cooled by the coil, and is sent to the ground of the square from the bottom air outlet.

8. The intelligent control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes natural ventilation and transitional season modes: when the ambient temperature is between 22 and 32°C, the relative humidity is 75% or higher, or the PM2.5 concentration is 75 μg / m³ or higher, it switches to natural ventilation mode, the air duct switching valve opens the natural ventilation path, the bottom air inlet and the top air outlet are fully opened, and the rising airflow is generated by the solar chimney effect.

9. The intelligent control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a winter antifreeze mode: when the temperature drops below 5°C, the buried pipe heat exchanger (43) switches to heat collection mode through the reversing valve to extract heat from the ground for lamp post antifreeze and opens the drain valve to drain the accumulated water.

10. The intelligent control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intelligent management system prioritizes energy dispatching from high to low as follows: direct photovoltaic power supply, direct wind power supply, geothermal basic cooling, energy storage dispatching, and grid power supplementation.

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