A hydrogen fuel cell water pump closed-loop control device and control method based on hydrogen input pressure feedback

Abstract

The application discloses a hydrogen fuel cell water pump closed-loop control device and control method based on hydrogen input pressure feedback, relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen production rate automatic control, and comprises a reaction bin, a hydrogen pressure sensor, a water storage container, a water supply pump, a water pump driving module, a main control chip and a power supply module. The closed-loop control architecture of hydrogen pressure feedback, main control chip algorithm adjustment and water pump speed regulation is adopted. The hydrogen pressure generated by the hydrogen fuel cell reaction preparation is detected in real time through the hydrogen pressure sensor, and the water supply pump is controlled to work through the main control chip, so that the water supply rate and the hydrogen gas production rate are dynamically matched in real time, the reaction rate control precision is effectively improved, the raw material and gas waste are reduced, the safety risk caused by hydrogen accumulation is eliminated, the hydrogen production equipment realizes efficient, safe and economic stable operation, and the working speed of the water supply pump can be adjusted through the main control chip according to the hydrogen pressure at different moments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automatic control technology for hydrogen production rate in hydrogen fuel cells, specifically to a closed-loop control device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of hydrogen energy applications, small and medium-sized hydrogen fuel cell reaction hydrogen production equipment is widely used in civilian energy supply, small industrial auxiliary energy supply and other fields. This type of equipment relies on the chemical reaction between water and solid / liquid raw materials to produce hydrogen. The water supply directly determines the chemical reaction rate and hydrogen production. Therefore, the precise control of the water supply is the core link to ensure the stable and safe operation of the hydrogen production equipment. In outdoor power or emergency power applications, it is necessary to meet the requirements of simple and easy-to-use automated hydrogen production without manual intervention. At present, the mainstream in the industry adopts an automated open-loop control scheme, which is a pure preset program control without any working condition detection and feedback components. Currently, the water pumps used in hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen production processes generally employ open-loop control. The control logic relies entirely on pre-set fixed programs within the equipment, and the entire system lacks operational feedback. The main control unit cannot perceive real-time changes in the actual hydrogen generation rate and gas pressure within the reaction chamber. Affected by the state of the reaction raw materials and ambient temperature, the actual hydrogen production rate fluctuates continuously. Since the water supply rate of the traditional open-loop control pump remains constant, this directly leads to a mismatch between the water supply and hydrogen production. When there is too much water, the chemical reaction rate is too fast, resulting in excessive hydrogen production. This not only wastes water resources and reaction raw materials but also poses a flammable and explosive safety hazard due to the accumulation of excess hydrogen in the sealed reaction chamber. Conversely, when there is too little water, the chemical reaction rate is insufficient, and the hydrogen production does not meet the demand, resulting in a power shortage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a closed-loop control device and method for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback, which can effectively solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a closed-loop control device for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback, comprising a reaction chamber, a hydrogen pressure sensor, a water storage container, a water supply pump, a water pump drive module, a main control chip, and a power supply module, wherein the components are interconnected through pipelines, signal lines, and power supply lines; The hydrogen pressure signal in the reaction chamber is collected by the hydrogen pressure sensor and sent to the main control chip. The main control chip outputs a corresponding PWM control signal to the water pump drive module according to the pressure deviation. The water pump drive module drives the water pump to change its speed and adjust the water supply to the reaction chamber. The change in water supply will change the gas production rate and hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber, forming a closed-loop feedback loop of pressure acquisition, algorithm calculation, water pump speed adjustment, and pressure change.

[0005] According to the above technical solution, the reaction chamber is a closed hydrogen production reaction chamber of a hydrogen fuel cell. The inside of the reaction chamber is used to place hydrogen production reaction raw materials, so that water and raw materials can react chemically in it to continuously generate hydrogen. The top of the reaction chamber is equipped with a water inlet, which is connected to the outlet of the water supply pump through a water pipe to receive the reaction water delivered by the water supply pump. The top of the reaction chamber is equipped with a gas outlet, which is connected to a hydrogen pressure sensor through a pipe to lead out the hydrogen pressure signal generated in the reaction chamber to the hydrogen pressure sensor.

[0006] According to the above technical solution, the hydrogen pressure sensor is installed on the side plate circuit, near the gas outlet of the reaction chamber, and is connected to the gas outlet of the reaction chamber through a gas pipeline to detect the pressure of hydrogen in the reaction chamber in real time. The signal output terminal of the hydrogen pressure sensor amplifies the original analog signal through an operational amplifier, and then makes an electrical connection with the analog signal acquisition pin of the main control chip. This converts the physical quantity of hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber into an analog electrical signal that can be recognized by the main control chip, and uploads the hydrogen pressure signal in the reaction chamber to the main control chip in real time.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the water storage container is used to store the required reaction water, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the water supply pump through a water supply pipe. The water storage container serves as a water supply source to continuously supply reaction water to the water supply pump. The water supply pump is an electric diaphragm pump, installed above the reaction chamber, and connected to the water inlet of the reaction chamber through a pipeline. The water flow rate of the water supply pump is determined by the speed of the motor inside. The pump motor control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the pump drive module, and receives the speed adjustment signal output by the pump drive module to adjust the speed.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the water pump drive module is specifically a water pump motor power drive circuit, whose input terminal is connected to the PWM signal output pin of the main control chip to receive the PWM control signal sent by the main control chip; Furthermore, the output of the water pump drive module is used to drive and control the power switching device MOSFET, thereby controlling the operation of the water pump motor and driving the water pump motor to run at a specified speed. The main control chip is a single-chip microcomputer chip, which has a built-in target hydrogen pressure threshold, data comparison program and closed-loop regulation algorithm. The main control chip is electrically connected to the hydrogen pressure sensor and the water pump drive module, respectively. It receives the gas pressure data collected by the hydrogen pressure sensor and outputs a PWM control signal to drive the water pump to work based on the algorithm calculation results.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the power supply module adopts a DC constant current power supply to provide matching operating voltages for the main control chip, hydrogen pressure sensor, water pump drive module and water supply pump.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, a closed-loop control method for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback is provided. The control method employs a closed-loop control architecture of hydrogen pressure feedback, main control chip algorithm adjustment, and water pump speed regulation. A hydrogen pressure sensor detects the hydrogen pressure generated during the hydrogen fuel cell reaction in real time, and the main control chip dynamically adjusts the water pump's operating state based on the pressure deviation, achieving real-time matching between the water supply rate and the gas production rate. The method includes the following steps: S1, System power-on initialization; S2, real-time hydrogen pressure data acquisition; S3, Data Comparison and Deviation Calculation; S4, the algorithm calculates and adjusts the PWM duty cycle; S5, the water pump performs a speed adjustment action; S6, closed-loop control; S7, equipment shutdown.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, after the power supply module is connected, the entire device starts up, the main control chip completes the initialization process of the pins and registers, and loads the preset target hydrogen pressure value inside. At the same time, the hydrogen pressure sensor is activated and enters a normalized real-time detection state. The S2 hydrogen pressure sensor continuously detects the hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber according to the set sampling frequency, converts the detected pressure value into an analog electrical signal, amplifies it by an operational amplifier, and transmits it to the analog signal acquisition pin of the main control chip in real time. The S3 main control chip reads the measured hydrogen pressure value uploaded by the hydrogen pressure sensor and compares it with the target hydrogen pressure value stored internally. It calculates the pressure deviation between the two and classifies the operation into three conditions based on the direction of the deviation: When the measured pressure is less than the target pressure, it indicates that the current gas production rate is insufficient and the water supply is too low. When the measured pressure equals the target pressure, it indicates that the current water supply and gas production rate match, and the device is in normal operating condition. When the measured pressure is greater than the target pressure, it indicates that the current gas production rate is exceeding the standard and the water supply is too high.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the S4 main control chip runs a closed-loop adjustment algorithm based on the pressure deviation to dynamically modify the duty cycle of the PWM waveform output to the water pump drive module; In step S5, after receiving the adjusted PWM signal from the main control chip, the water pump drive module amplifies the power of the signal and then drives the water pump motor to operate at the new speed. After changing the speed of the water pump motor, the water supply pump adjusts the water flow rate accordingly, changing the actual water supply to the reaction chamber, thereby regulating the rate of chemical reaction and the amount of hydrogen produced in the reaction chamber, so that the hydrogen pressure gradually returns to near the target value.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, after S6 completes the speed adjustment action, the system automatically returns to step S2, forming a continuous closed-loop feedback control until an external stop command is received. Upon receiving the shutdown command, the main control chip immediately stops outputting the PWM signal, and the water pump drive module cuts off the power supply to the water pump motor, thus stopping the water pump from supplying water to the reaction chamber. At the same time, the hydrogen pressure sensor stopped acquiring data, and the entire system shut down in an orderly manner, thus completing a full closed-loop control process.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By introducing a real-time hydrogen pressure feedback mechanism, the limitations of existing open-loop control that relies on fixed program operation are broken. The water supply can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual gas production status of the hydrogen fuel cell, which significantly improves the control accuracy and completely solves the problem of inaccurate reaction rate control in traditional solutions. When the hydrogen fuel cell produces too much hydrogen, the water supply is automatically reduced, reducing the unnecessary consumption of water resources and hydrogen production raw materials. At the same time, hydrogen redundancy and waste are avoided, saving raw materials and resources and reducing equipment operating costs. It enables timely reduction of the gas production rate when the hydrogen pressure exceeds the standard, effectively avoiding the flammable and explosive safety hazards caused by hydrogen accumulation, overcoming the risk of excessive hydrogen accumulation that is prone to occur in traditional open-loop control, and greatly improving operational safety. At the same time, it can automatically adjust the gas production rate due to the influence of external factors such as environment and raw material status, without the need for manual modification of the control program, resulting in better equipment operation stability, stronger automation and adaptability, and wider applicability.

[0015] 2. A closed-loop control scheme for hydrogen fuel cell water pump speed based on hydrogen pressure feedback: This scheme employs a closed-loop control architecture that combines hydrogen pressure feedback, main control chip algorithm adjustment, and water pump speed regulation. A hydrogen pressure sensor detects the hydrogen pressure produced by the hydrogen fuel cell reaction in real time, and the main control chip controls the water pump to achieve real-time dynamic matching between the water supply rate and the hydrogen production rate. This effectively improves the accuracy of reaction rate control, reduces raw material and gas waste, and eliminates the safety risks associated with hydrogen accumulation. It enables the hydrogen production equipment to operate efficiently, safely, economically, and stably, and allows for convenient adjustment of the water pump's operating rate based on the hydrogen pressure at different times via the main control chip. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0017] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is an overall architecture diagram of the closed-loop control device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the signal amplification connection of the hydrogen pressure sensor of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a control logic block diagram of the closed-loop control method of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the closed-loop control method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0019] Example: Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution, a closed-loop control device for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback, including a reaction chamber, a hydrogen pressure sensor, a water storage container, a water supply pump, a water pump drive module, a main control chip, and a power supply module. The components are interconnected through pipelines, signal lines, and power supply lines to achieve complete closed-loop feedback control. In the application of automated water supply control in hydrogen production equipment via chemical reactions, a closed-loop control device forms a complete closed-loop feedback chain: reaction chamber → hydrogen pressure sensor → operational amplifier → main control chip → water pump drive module → water supply pump → reaction chamber, as detailed below: The hydrogen pressure signal in the reaction chamber is collected by the hydrogen pressure sensor and sent to the main control chip. The main control chip outputs a corresponding PWM control signal to the water pump drive module according to the pressure deviation. The water pump drive module drives the water pump to change its speed and adjust the water supply to the reaction chamber. The change in water supply will change the gas production rate and hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber, forming a closed-loop feedback loop of pressure acquisition, algorithm calculation, water pump speed adjustment, and pressure change.

[0020] Based on the above technical solution, the reaction chamber is a closed hydrogen production reaction chamber of a hydrogen fuel cell. It is the core structure for the reaction of water and raw materials to generate hydrogen. The interior of the reaction chamber is used to place the hydrogen production reaction raw materials, so that water and raw materials can undergo chemical reaction and continuously generate hydrogen. The top of the reaction chamber is equipped with a water inlet, which is connected to the outlet of the water supply pump through a water pipe to receive the reaction water delivered by the water supply pump. The top of the reaction chamber is equipped with a gas outlet, which is connected to a hydrogen pressure sensor through a pipe to lead out the hydrogen pressure signal generated in the reaction chamber to the hydrogen pressure sensor.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, the hydrogen pressure sensor is the core sensing component for detecting the hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber. It is fixedly installed on the side plate circuit, near the gas outlet of the reaction chamber, and connected to the gas outlet of the reaction chamber through a gas pipeline to detect the hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber in real time. The signal output of the hydrogen pressure sensor amplifies the original analog signal through an operational amplifier, and then electrically connects it to the analog signal acquisition pin of the main control chip. This converts the physical quantity of hydrogen pressure within the reaction chamber into an analog electrical signal that can be recognized by the main control chip, thus achieving the conversion of the hydrogen pressure signal within the reaction chamber into an analog electrical signal and uploading it to the main control chip in real time. Figure 2 As shown.

[0022] Based on the above technical solution, the water storage container is used to store the required reaction water, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the water supply pump through a water pipeline. The water storage container serves as a water source to continuously supply reaction water to the water supply pump. The water supply pump is an electric diaphragm pump, installed above the reaction chamber and connected to the inlet of the reaction chamber via a pipeline. The water flow rate of the water supply pump is determined by the speed of its internal motor. The pump motor control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the pump drive module, receiving the speed adjustment signal output by the pump drive module to adjust the speed. By changing the speed of the pump motor, the water flow rate is adjusted, thereby changing the amount of water supplied by the water supply pump to the reaction chamber.

[0023] Based on the above technical solution, the water pump drive module is specifically a water pump motor power drive circuit, whose input terminal is connected to the PWM signal output pin of the main control chip to receive the PWM control signal sent by the main control chip. Furthermore, the output of the water pump drive module is used to drive and control the power switching device MOSFET, thereby controlling the operation of the water pump motor and driving the water pump motor to run at a specified speed. The main control chip uses a single-chip microcomputer, which has built-in target hydrogen pressure threshold, data comparison program and closed-loop regulation algorithm; The main control chip is electrically connected to the hydrogen pressure sensor and the water pump drive module, respectively. It receives the gas pressure data collected by the hydrogen pressure sensor and outputs a PWM control signal to drive the water pump to work based on the algorithm calculation results.

[0024] Based on the above technical solution, the power supply module adopts a DC constant current power supply to provide matching working voltages for the main control chip, hydrogen pressure sensor, water pump drive module and water supply pump, so that each electrical component can obtain a stable and reliable power supply.

[0025] like Figure 3-4 As shown, a closed-loop control method for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback is presented. The control method employs a closed-loop control architecture consisting of hydrogen pressure feedback, main control chip algorithm adjustment, and water pump speed regulation. A hydrogen pressure sensor detects the hydrogen pressure generated during the hydrogen fuel cell reaction in real time, and the main control chip dynamically adjusts the water pump's operating state based on the pressure deviation, achieving real-time matching between the water supply rate and the gas production rate. The method includes the following steps: S1, System power-on initialization; S2, real-time hydrogen pressure data acquisition; S3, Data Comparison and Deviation Calculation; S4, the algorithm calculates and adjusts the PWM duty cycle; S5, the water pump performs a speed adjustment action; S6, closed-loop control; S7, equipment shutdown.

[0026] Based on the above technical solution, S1, after the power supply module is connected, the whole device starts up, the main control chip completes the initialization process of the pins and registers, and loads the preset target hydrogen pressure value inside. At the same time, the hydrogen pressure sensor is activated and enters a normal real-time detection state, preparing for subsequent closed-loop regulation. S2, the hydrogen pressure sensor continuously detects the hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber according to the set sampling frequency, converts the detected pressure value into an analog electrical signal, amplifies it by an operational amplifier, and transmits it to the analog signal acquisition pin of the main control chip in real time. S3, the main control chip reads the measured hydrogen pressure value uploaded by the hydrogen pressure sensor and compares it with the target hydrogen pressure value stored internally. It calculates the pressure deviation between the two and classifies the operation into three conditions based on the direction of the deviation: When the measured pressure is less than the target pressure, it indicates that the current gas production rate is insufficient and the water supply is too low. When the measured pressure equals the target pressure, it indicates that the current water supply and gas production rate match, and the device is in normal operating condition. When the measured pressure is greater than the target pressure, it indicates that the current gas production rate is exceeding the standard and the water supply is too high.

[0027] Based on the above technical solution, in step S4, the main control chip runs a closed-loop adjustment algorithm according to the pressure deviation to dynamically modify the duty cycle of the PWM waveform output to the water pump drive module. Specifically: When gas production is insufficient, the main control chip increases the PWM duty cycle, increases the speed of the water pump motor, and speeds up the water supply rate of the water pump to the reaction chamber. Under normal operating conditions, the current PWM duty cycle remains unchanged, and the water pump motor maintains its current stable speed. When gas production exceeds the standard, the main control chip reduces the PWM duty cycle, lowers the speed of the water pump motor, and slows down the water supply rate to the reaction chamber. S5, after receiving the adjusted PWM signal from the main control chip, the water pump drive module amplifies the power of the signal and then drives the water pump motor to run at the new speed. After changing the speed of the water pump motor, the water supply pump adjusts the water flow rate accordingly, changing the actual water supply to the reaction chamber, thereby regulating the rate of chemical reaction and the amount of hydrogen produced in the reaction chamber, so that the hydrogen pressure gradually returns to near the target value.

[0028] Based on the above technical solution, in step S6, after completing the speed adjustment action, the system automatically returns to step S2 and continuously cycles through the complete process of pressure acquisition → data comparison → algorithm adjustment → pump speed adjustment, forming uninterrupted closed-loop feedback control until an external shutdown command is received. Upon receiving the shutdown command, the main control chip immediately stops outputting PWM signals, and the water pump drive module cuts off the power supply to the water pump motor, thus stopping the water pump from supplying water to the reaction chamber. At the same time, the hydrogen pressure sensor stopped acquiring data, and the entire system shut down in an orderly manner, thus completing a full closed-loop control process.

[0029] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A closed-loop control device for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback, characterized in that: It includes a reaction chamber, a hydrogen pressure sensor, a water storage container, a water supply pump, a pump drive module, a main control chip, and a power supply module. All components are interconnected through pipelines, signal lines, and power supply lines. The hydrogen pressure signal in the reaction chamber is collected by the hydrogen pressure sensor and sent to the main control chip. The main control chip outputs a corresponding PWM control signal to the water pump drive module according to the pressure deviation. The water pump drive module drives the water pump to change its speed and adjust the water supply to the reaction chamber. The change in water supply will change the gas production rate and hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber, forming a closed-loop feedback loop of pressure acquisition, algorithm calculation, water pump speed adjustment, and pressure change.

2. The hydrogen fuel cell water pump closed-loop control device based on hydrogen input pressure feedback according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaction chamber is a closed hydrogen production reaction chamber for a hydrogen fuel cell. The interior of the reaction chamber is used to place the hydrogen production reaction raw materials, so that water and raw materials can react chemically in it to continuously generate hydrogen. The top of the reaction chamber is equipped with a water inlet, which is connected to the outlet of the water supply pump through a water pipe to receive the reaction water delivered by the water supply pump. The top of the reaction chamber is equipped with a gas outlet, which is connected to a hydrogen pressure sensor through a pipe to lead out the hydrogen pressure signal generated in the reaction chamber to the hydrogen pressure sensor.

3. The hydrogen fuel cell water pump closed-loop control device based on hydrogen input pressure feedback according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen pressure sensor is installed on the side plate circuit, near the gas outlet of the reaction chamber, and is connected to the gas outlet of the reaction chamber through a gas pipeline to detect the pressure of hydrogen in the reaction chamber in real time. The signal output terminal of the hydrogen pressure sensor amplifies the original analog signal through an operational amplifier, and then makes an electrical connection with the analog signal acquisition pin of the main control chip. This converts the physical quantity of hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber into an analog electrical signal that can be recognized by the main control chip, and uploads the hydrogen pressure signal in the reaction chamber to the main control chip in real time.

4. The hydrogen fuel cell water pump closed-loop control device based on hydrogen input pressure feedback according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water storage container is used to store the required reaction water. Its outlet is connected to the inlet of the water supply pump through a water pipeline. The water storage container serves as a water source to continuously supply reaction water to the water supply pump. The water supply pump is an electric diaphragm pump, installed above the reaction chamber, and connected to the water inlet of the reaction chamber through a pipeline. The water flow rate of the water supply pump is determined by the speed of the motor inside. The pump motor control terminal is connected to the output terminal of the pump drive module, and receives the speed adjustment signal output by the pump drive module to adjust the speed.

5. The hydrogen fuel cell water pump closed-loop control device based on hydrogen input pressure feedback according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water pump drive module is specifically a water pump motor power drive circuit, whose input terminal is connected to the PWM signal output pin of the main control chip to receive the PWM control signal sent by the main control chip; Furthermore, the output of the water pump drive module is used to drive and control the power switching device MOSFET, thereby controlling the operation of the water pump motor and driving the water pump motor to run at a specified speed. The main control chip is a single-chip microcomputer chip, which has a built-in target hydrogen pressure threshold, data comparison program and closed-loop regulation algorithm. The main control chip is electrically connected to the hydrogen pressure sensor and the water pump drive module, respectively. It receives the gas pressure data collected by the hydrogen pressure sensor and outputs a PWM control signal to drive the water pump to work based on the algorithm calculation results.

6. The hydrogen fuel cell water pump closed-loop control device based on hydrogen input pressure feedback according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power supply module uses a DC constant current power supply to provide matching operating voltages for the main control chip, hydrogen pressure sensor, water pump drive module, and water supply pump.

7. A closed-loop control method for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback, used in the closed-loop control device for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The control method employs a closed-loop control architecture consisting of hydrogen pressure feedback, main control chip algorithm adjustment, and water pump speed regulation. A hydrogen pressure sensor monitors the hydrogen pressure generated during the hydrogen fuel cell reaction in real time, and the main control chip dynamically adjusts the water pump's operating state based on the pressure deviation, achieving real-time matching between the water supply rate and the gas production rate. The method includes the following steps: S1, System power-on initialization; S2, real-time hydrogen pressure data acquisition; S3, Data Comparison and Deviation Calculation; S4, the algorithm calculates and adjusts the PWM duty cycle; S5, the water pump performs a speed adjustment action; S6, closed-loop control; S7, equipment shutdown.

8. The closed-loop control method for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback according to claim 7, characterized in that: After the power supply module is connected, the entire device starts up. The main control chip completes the initialization process of the pins and registers and loads the preset target hydrogen pressure value. At the same time, the hydrogen pressure sensor is activated and enters a normalized real-time detection state. The S2 hydrogen pressure sensor continuously detects the hydrogen pressure in the reaction chamber according to the set sampling frequency, converts the detected pressure value into an analog electrical signal, amplifies it by an operational amplifier, and transmits it to the analog signal acquisition pin of the main control chip in real time. The S3 main control chip reads the measured hydrogen pressure value uploaded by the hydrogen pressure sensor and compares it with the target hydrogen pressure value stored internally. It calculates the pressure deviation between the two and classifies the operation into three conditions based on the direction of the deviation: When the measured pressure is less than the target pressure, it indicates that the current gas production rate is insufficient and the water supply is too low. When the measured pressure equals the target pressure, it indicates that the current water supply and gas production rate match, and the device is in normal operating condition. When the measured pressure is greater than the target pressure, it indicates that the current gas production rate is exceeding the standard and the water supply is too high.

9. A closed-loop control method for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback according to claim 8, characterized in that: The S4 main control chip runs a closed-loop regulation algorithm based on the pressure deviation to dynamically modify the duty cycle of the PWM waveform output to the water pump drive module; In step S5, after receiving the adjusted PWM signal from the main control chip, the water pump drive module amplifies the power of the signal and then drives the water pump motor to operate at the new speed. After changing the speed of the water pump motor, the water supply pump adjusts the water flow rate accordingly, changing the actual water supply to the reaction chamber, thereby regulating the rate of chemical reaction and the amount of hydrogen produced in the reaction chamber, so that the hydrogen pressure gradually returns to near the target value.

10. A closed-loop control method for a hydrogen fuel cell water pump based on hydrogen input pressure feedback according to claim 8, characterized in that: After S6 completes the speed adjustment action, the system automatically returns to step S2, forming a continuous closed-loop feedback control until an external stop command is received. Upon receiving the shutdown command, the main control chip immediately stops outputting PWM signals, and the water pump drive module cuts off the power supply to the water pump motor, thus stopping the water pump from supplying water to the reaction chamber. At the same time, the hydrogen pressure sensor stopped acquiring data, and the entire system shut down in an orderly manner, thus completing a full closed-loop control process.

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