Quick-release photovoltaic junction box

Abstract

The application discloses a quick-release photovoltaic junction box and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics. The quick-release photovoltaic junction box comprises a shell, two symmetrical butt terminals fixedly connected to the shell, a sliding plate detachably connected to the shell, two symmetrical metal sheets fixedly connected to the sliding plate, a diode fixedly connected between the two symmetrical metal sheets, and a butt piece slidingly connected to one side of the metal sheet close to the corresponding butt terminal. The butt piece is butt-jointed with the corresponding butt terminal to realize circuit communication. The diode can be detected and replaced in a comfortable position on the ground or a table top by separating the sliding plate from the shell, without keeping the head up and holding the arm high on the back of the photovoltaic assembly, so that the operation fatigue and the operation failure rate are reduced, the maintenance time is shortened, and the maintenance convenience and reliability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a quick-release photovoltaic junction box. Background Technology

[0002] The photovoltaic (PV) junction box is a crucial interface device in PV modules that transmits electrical energy from the solar cells to the outside. Its performance directly affects the module's power generation efficiency and operational safety. A typical junction box mainly consists of an insulating shell, bypass diodes, metal conductive terminals, and cables. The bypass diodes are connected in reverse parallel across the PV cell string. When some cells are shaded or damaged, causing hot spots, the diodes automatically conduct, forming a bypass channel to prevent the faulty cell string from burning out due to continuous heating caused by reverse bias. However, bypass diodes are highly susceptible to damage from electrical surges and lightning strikes. This causes the protected cell string to lose its bypass protection, and the shaded cell string transforms from a power generation unit into an energy-consuming load. This can lead to the junction box shell melting and deforming, or even a fire, posing a significant threat to the safety of the PV power plant. Therefore, regularly checking the diode status and promptly replacing faulty components is essential to ensuring the long-term stable operation of the PV system.

[0003] Existing photovoltaic junction boxes have significant shortcomings in replacing damaged diodes. Currently, most photovoltaic junction boxes are directly fixed to the back of the photovoltaic module using structural adhesive or double-sided tape. Since photovoltaic modules are usually installed at an angle on the bracket, the junction box is located in the lower area of ​​the back of the module. When maintenance personnel need to replace the internal components of the junction box, they must tilt their heads back and reach into the narrow space between the back of the module and the bracket to operate. In this posture, the maintenance personnel need to tilt their necks back for a long time to observe the operating area, and their arms need to be raised and bent to perform welding and desoldering actions. The operating space is extremely limited, which significantly increases the difficulty of the operation, reduces the accuracy of the operation, and also greatly prolongs the time required for a single maintenance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings mentioned in the background art, the present invention provides a quick-release photovoltaic junction box.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a quick-release photovoltaic junction box, comprising a housing, two symmetrically distributed terminals fixedly connected to the housing, a sliding plate detachably connected inside the housing, two symmetrically distributed metal plates fixedly connected to the sliding plate, a diode fixedly connected between the two symmetrically distributed metal plates, a mating piece slidably connected to the side of the metal plate near the corresponding terminal, the mating piece mating with the corresponding terminal to achieve circuit connection, a limiting component for limiting the sliding plate inside the housing, and a control component for controlling the circuit connection between the two mating pieces and the corresponding terminal.

[0006] Furthermore, the limiting component includes a limiting rod, which is slidably connected to the outer shell through a sealing connection. A limiting groove is provided on the side of the sliding plate near the limiting rod. The limiting rod is limited by the limiting groove on the sliding plate. A first elastic element is fixedly connected between the limiting rod and the outer shell.

[0007] Furthermore, the control component includes a push cylinder that is slidably connected through the middle of the housing. A push shaft is slidably connected inside the push cylinder, and a power-off push frame is slidably connected on the sliding plate. The push shaft is used to push the power-off push frame, and the power-off push frame is used to push the two symmetrically distributed mating pieces to separate from the corresponding mating terminals.

[0008] Furthermore, the pusher is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed power-connecting pushers inside the outer casing. The two power-connecting pushers are used to push the corresponding docking plate to dock with the corresponding diode.

[0009] Furthermore, a second elastic element is fixedly connected between the push cylinder and the outer shell, and the second elastic element is located inside the outer shell.

[0010] Furthermore, a fixing frame is fixedly connected inside the outer shell on the side near the limiting rod, and two symmetrically distributed limiting blocks are slidably connected to the fixing frame. The limiting blocks are used to limit the limiting rod, and a third elastic element is fixedly connected between the two symmetrically distributed limiting blocks.

[0011] Furthermore, the limiting block is fixedly connected to a first extrusion block, and the push shaft is fixedly connected to a second extrusion block, the second extrusion block being used to extrude the first extrusion block.

[0012] Furthermore, the limiting block is fixedly connected to a stabilizing block, and the two stabilizing blocks and the limiting rod are used together to limit the two limiting blocks.

[0013] Furthermore, the sliding plate is fixedly connected to a fixed cylinder, and a pusher is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder, the pusher being used to push the power-off pusher.

[0014] Furthermore, the fixed cylinder and the push frame form a push cavity, the sliding plate is fixedly connected to an air shell, the air shell is fixedly connected to and communicates with a connecting hose, the push frame is fixedly connected to the connecting hose, and the connecting hose communicates with the push cavity.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. By separating the sliding plate from the outer casing, the present invention allows workers to transfer all components integrated on the sliding plate to a comfortable position such as the ground or a table for diode testing and replacement, without having to maintain an uncomfortable posture such as looking up and raising their arms on the back of the photovoltaic module, reducing work fatigue and operational error rate, shortening maintenance time, and improving maintenance convenience and reliability.

[0016] 2. By driving the power-off pusher through the push shaft to separate the mating piece from the mating terminal, the locking of the limit rod on the sliding plate is released simultaneously, ensuring that the sliding plate can only be removed after the circuit is completely cut off. This achieves a forced safety sequence of power-off before separation, effectively reducing the probability of DC arcing and burning of terminals and electric shock caused by pulling out while the circuit is on, and ensuring the safety of maintenance operations.

[0017] 3. The expansion of the gas inside the housing due to heat drives the pusher to move the power-off pusher, which automatically separates the mating piece from the mating wire. When the diode temperature rises abnormally, the circuit is cut off immediately to prevent the continuous input of current from causing the temperature to rise further, thus eliminating the fire hazard. Power-off protection can be completed without human intervention, providing safe conditions for subsequent replacement. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the outer casing of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the limiting rod of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the push cylinder and push shaft of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the third elastic element and the first compression block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the gas shell of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the gas shell structure of the present invention.

[0019] In the attached drawings, the following labels are used: 1-outer shell, 2-connection terminal, 3-sliding plate, 4-metal sheet, 5-diode, 6-connection piece, 201-limiting rod, 202-first elastic element, 203-push cylinder, 204-push shaft, 205-power-off push frame, 206-power-on push frame, 207-second elastic element, 301-fixed frame, 302-limiting block, 303-third elastic element, 304-first compression block, 305-second compression block, 306-stabilizing block, 401-fixed cylinder, 402-push frame, 403-push cavity, 404-air shell, 405-connecting hose. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] Currently, photovoltaic junction boxes are mostly fixed to the back of photovoltaic modules using structural adhesive or double-sided tape. After the modules are installed at an angle, the junction box is located in the lower area of ​​the back of the module. When maintenance personnel replace internal components, they need to tilt their heads back and reach into the narrow space between the module and the bracket. Their necks are tilted back for a long time, and their arms are raised and bent to perform welding and desoldering operations. The operating space is extremely limited, resulting in high difficulty, low precision, and long maintenance time per operation.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] This embodiment provides a quick-release photovoltaic junction box for rapid self-testing.

[0024] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the device includes an outer casing 1. The back of the outer casing 1 has structural adhesive or a fixing structure for mounting to the back of a photovoltaic panel. Two symmetrically distributed connectors 2 are fixedly connected to the front of the outer casing 1. The connectors 2 and the outer casing 1 are waterproofed and sealed using injection molding inserts or sealing rings. A sliding plate 3 is detachably connected inside the outer casing 1. The sliding plate 3 can slide left and right along the outer casing 1 and is entirely flush with the outer casing 1. A handle is fixedly connected to the side of the sliding plate 3 outside the outer casing 1, facilitating the separation or connection of the sliding plate 3 with the outer casing 1. Two symmetrically distributed metal plates 4 are fixedly connected to the sliding plate 3. A diode 5 is fixedly connected between the metal plates 4 and the corresponding terminal 2. The metal plate 4 is slidably connected to the mating piece 6. Both the metal plate 4 and the mating piece 6 are copper alloy conductive sheets. The end of the mating piece 6 facing the terminal 2 is provided with a plug hole. The mating piece 6 and the corresponding terminal 2 are connected to achieve circuit connection. The end of the terminal 2 located inside the housing 1 is provided with a plug for forming a separable electrical contact with the corresponding mating piece 6. The housing 1 is provided with a limiting component for limiting the sliding plate 3. The housing 1 is provided with a control component for controlling the circuit connection between the two mating pieces 6 and the corresponding terminal 2.

[0025] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, the limiting assembly includes a limiting rod 201, which consists of a mating part and a sliding part. The sliding part of the limiting rod 201 is slidably connected to the front side of the outer shell 1 through a sealing connection. A limiting groove is provided on the front side of the sliding plate 3. The mating part of the limiting rod 201 is limited by the limiting groove on the sliding plate 3. In the initial state, the limiting rod 201 is located in the limiting groove on the sliding plate 3, that is, the sliding plate 3 cannot be directly separated from the outer shell 1, thus forming a firm lock between the two. A first elastic element 202 is fixedly connected between the limiting rod 201 and the outer shell 1. The first elastic element 202 is a tension spring, which is in a stretched state in the initial state and is used to pull the limiting rod 201 apart from the limiting groove on the sliding plate 3.

[0026] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the control assembly includes a push cylinder 203, which is slidably connected to the middle of the rear side of the housing 1 through a seal. A push shaft 204 is slidably connected inside the push cylinder 203. The push shaft 204 consists of a sliding column and a thin plate. The sliding column of the push shaft 204 slides inside the push cylinder 203. A power-off push bracket 205 is slidably connected to the sliding plate 3. The thin plate of the push shaft 204 is used to push the power-off push bracket 205. The power-off push bracket 205 is used to push two symmetrically distributed mating pieces 6 to separate from their corresponding mating terminals 2. The power-off push bracket 205 is located in front of the mating pieces 6. That is, the operator can pull the push shaft 204 to make the push shaft 204 drive the two mating pieces 6 to slide backward through the power-off push bracket 205, thereby realizing the separation of the mating pieces 6 from their corresponding mating terminals 2. The push cylinder 203 is slidably connected to the middle of the rear side of the housing 1 through a seal. Two symmetrically distributed power-connecting pushers 206 are fixedly connected internally. The power-connecting pushers 206 are located behind the corresponding docking pieces 6. The operator can push the pusher 203 to make the pusher 203 drive the two docking pieces 6 to slide forward through the power-connecting pushers 206, thereby realizing the docking of the docking pieces 6 with the corresponding terminals 2. The two power-connecting pushers 206 are used to push the corresponding docking pieces 6 to dock with the corresponding diodes 5. When the sliding plate 3 drives the components on it to separate from the outer shell 1, there is no interference with the power-off pusher 205 and the power-connecting pusher 206. A second elastic element 207 is fixedly connected between the pusher 203 and the outer shell 1. The second elastic element 207 is located inside the outer shell 1 and is a tension spring. The second elastic element 207 is used to drive the pusher 203 to automatically reset.

[0027] like Figures 3-5As shown, a fixing frame 301 is fixedly connected to the front side inside the outer casing 1. Two symmetrically distributed limiting blocks 302 are slidably connected to the fixing frame 301. The limiting blocks 302 are used to limit the limiting rod 201. The front side of the mating part of the limiting block 302 and the limiting rod 201 are in contact. A third elastic element 303, which is a tension spring, is fixedly connected between the two symmetrically distributed limiting blocks 302. The third elastic element 303 is used to drive the two limiting blocks 302 to move in opposite directions. A first pressing block 304 is fixedly connected to the limiting block 302. The first pressing block 304 has an inclined surface. A second pressing block 305 is fixedly connected to the push shaft 204. The second pressing block 305 has symmetrically distributed inclined surfaces, and the two inclined surfaces of the second pressing block 305 are respectively connected to the two first pressing blocks. The inclined surfaces of block 304 are in contact, and the second pressing block 305 is used to press the first pressing block 304. The first pressing block 304 can drive the limiting block 302 on it to slide laterally along the fixed frame 301. Before the limiting block 302 is released from the limiting rod 201 by the first pressing block 304, the push shaft 204 first drives the docking piece 6 to separate from the corresponding docking head 2 through the power-off push frame 205. The limiting block 302 is fixedly connected to the stabilizing block 306. The two stabilizing blocks 306 and the limiting rod 201 are used together to limit the two limiting blocks 302. The limiting rod 201 can slide along the side of the stabilizing block 306 to make the two stabilizing blocks 306 and the limiting rod 201 jointly support the two limiting blocks 302 to prevent the two limiting rods 201 from resetting prematurely.

[0028] Working principle: When the operator inspects the diode 5 in this equipment for damage, the operator first pulls the push shaft 204. The push shaft 204 slides along the push cylinder 203, causing the power-off push bracket 205 on it to slide backward. This causes the power-off push bracket 205 to cause the two symmetrically distributed mating pieces 6 to slide along the corresponding metal pieces 4. The mating pieces 6 separate from the corresponding mating wires 2, cutting off the circuit connection. At the same time, the power-off push bracket 205 causes the second pressing block 305 on it to move forward synchronously. This causes the second pressing block 305 to press the two corresponding first pressing blocks 304. The first pressing blocks 304, under the pressing force of the second pressing block 305, cause the corresponding limit blocks 302 to move synchronously. The two symmetrically distributed limit blocks 302... 2. Slide along the fixed frame 301 in the opposite direction. At the same time, the third elastic element 303 is stretched, and the two limiting blocks 302 release the limiting rod 201. At this moment, the first elastic element 202 pulls the limiting rod 201 forward, so that the top of the mating part of the limiting rod 201 passes the limiting block 302 and slides along the two stabilizing blocks 306 until the limiting rod 201 separates from the limiting groove on the sliding plate 3. The limiting rod 201 releases the limiting of the sliding plate 3. At this moment, the operator can directly separate the sliding plate 3 from the outer shell 1 through the handle on the sliding plate 3. The sliding plate 3 drives all the parts on it to move synchronously. Then the operator places the sliding plate 3 in a convenient inspection position and then checks whether the diode 5 is damaged. If it is damaged, it is directly replaced.

[0029] After diode 5 has been tested and replaced, the operator slides the sliding plate 3 back into the housing 1, causing all the components on the sliding plate 3 to move synchronously into the housing 1. Then, the operator pushes the limiting rod 201, causing it to slide against the stabilizing block 306 and return to its initial position. The limiting rod 201 enters the limiting groove of the sliding plate 3, and the limiting rod 201 again limits the sliding plate 3. During the above process, the third elastic element 303 resets, causing the two symmetrically distributed limiting blocks 302 to move in opposite directions. The two limiting blocks 302 respectively drive the corresponding first pressing blocks 304 to press together. The second pressing block 305 resets, causing the second pressing block 305 to drive the push shaft 204 to reset. The two limit blocks 302 limit the limit rod 201 again, and the first elastic element 202 stretches and stores force. Then, the worker pushes the push cylinder 203, and at the same time, the second elastic element 207 stretches, causing the push cylinder 203 to drive the two power connection pushers 206 to push the two docking pieces 6. The docking pieces 6 slide along the corresponding metal piece 4 and dock with the corresponding docking wire 2 to open the circuit. Then, the push cylinder 203 is released, and the second elastic element 207 drives the push cylinder 203 to reset itself. When it is necessary to test the diode 5 again, the above steps are repeated.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] This embodiment provides a quick-release photovoltaic junction box, which is a further improvement on embodiment 1.

[0032] like Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a fixed cylinder 401 is fixedly connected to the middle of the sliding plate 3. A pusher 402 is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder 401. The pusher 402 consists of a sliding part and a pushing part. The pushing part of the pusher 402 is used to push the power-off pusher 205 backward, so that the power-off pusher 205 drives the two mating pieces 6 to separate from the corresponding mating terminals 2, thereby cutting off the circuit. The fixed cylinder 401 and the pusher 402 form a pusher cavity 403. A gas shell 404 is fixedly connected to the sliding plate 3 near the diode 5. The gas shell 404 is made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity (such as copper or aluminum alloy) to facilitate timely detection of the diode. The temperature change of tube 5, the gas shell 404 is fixedly connected and connected to the connecting hose 405, and the gas shell 404, the connecting hose 405 and the push chamber 403 are filled with thermally expanding gas, such as air and nitrogen. The push frame 402 is fixedly connected to the connecting hose 405, and the connecting hose 405 is connected to the push chamber 403. In this way, the thermally expanding gas in the gas shell 404 enters the push chamber 403, so that the gas pushes the push frame 402 to move backward. When the diode 5 is in normal use, it will also generate heat, but the heat is not enough to make the push frame 402 drive the power-off push frame 205 to move to drive the docking piece 6 to separate from the corresponding docking head 2.

[0033] Working principle: During the operation of this device, diode 5 experiences a rapid temperature rise due to a short circuit (the heat generated by diode 5 during normal operation is lower than the short-circuit temperature). The gas inside the gas casing 404 begins to expand due to the heat. The gas inside the gas casing 404 enters the pushing chamber 403 along the connecting hose 405. The gas entering the pushing chamber 403 pushes the pushing frame 402 to slide backward. The pushing frame 402 pushes the power-off pushing frame 205 to move synchronously. The power-off pushing frame 205 drives the two symmetrically distributed docking pieces 6 to move synchronously. The docking pieces 6 slide along the corresponding metal piece 4 and separate from the corresponding docking terminal 2, cutting off the connection with the photovoltaic panel circuit. This prevents diode 5 from carrying current and causing a temperature rise, thus reducing the probability of fire. At this moment, as the temperature of diode 5 gradually decreases due to the lack of current, the gas temperature inside the gas casing 404 decreases synchronously. The gas pressure inside the pushing chamber 403 decreases and drives the pushing frame 402 to reset, returning the pushing frame 402 to its initial state. The pushing frame 402 does not drive the power-off pushing frame 205 to reset.

[0034] After the circuit is cut off during the above process, the staff repeats the above steps of separating the sliding plate 3 from the outer casing 1, replaces the diode 5, and installs and resets it so that the device can continue to work.

[0035] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick-release photovoltaic junction box, comprising a housing (1), wherein the housing (1) is fixedly connected to two symmetrically distributed connection terminals (2), characterized in that: A sliding plate (3) is detachably connected inside the outer casing (1). Two symmetrically distributed metal pieces (4) are fixedly connected on the sliding plate (3). A diode (5) is fixedly connected between the two symmetrically distributed metal pieces (4). A mating piece (6) is slidably connected to the side of the metal piece (4) close to the corresponding mating head (2). The mating piece (6) is connected to the corresponding mating head (2) to achieve circuit connection. A limiting component for limiting the sliding plate (3) is provided inside the outer casing (1). A control component for controlling the circuit connection between the two mating pieces (6) and the corresponding mating head (2) is provided inside the outer casing (1). The limiting component includes a limiting rod (201), which is slidably connected to the outer shell (1) through a sealing connection. A limiting groove is provided on the side of the sliding plate (3) near the limiting rod (201). The limiting rod (201) is limited by the limiting groove on the sliding plate (3). A first elastic element (202) is fixedly connected between the limiting rod (201) and the outer shell (1). The control component includes a push cylinder (203), which is slidably connected through the middle of the outer shell (1). A push shaft (204) is slidably connected inside the push cylinder (203). A power-off push frame (205) is slidably connected on the sliding plate (3). The push shaft (204) is used to push the power-off push frame (205). The power-off push frame (205) is used to push the two symmetrically distributed docking pieces (6) to separate from the corresponding docking terminals (2).

2. The quick-release photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pusher (203) has two symmetrically distributed power pushers (206) fixedly connected inside the outer shell (1). The two power pushers (206) are used to push the corresponding docking piece (6) to dock with the corresponding diode (5).

3. A quick-release photovoltaic junction box according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second elastic element (207) is fixedly connected between the push cylinder (203) and the outer shell (1), and the second elastic element (207) is located inside the outer shell (1).

4. A quick-release photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing frame (301) is fixedly connected to the side of the outer shell (1) near the limiting rod (201). The fixing frame (301) is slidably connected to two symmetrically distributed limiting blocks (302). The limiting blocks (302) are used to limit the limiting rod (201). A third elastic element (303) is fixedly connected between the two symmetrically distributed limiting blocks (302).

5. A quick-release photovoltaic junction box according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting block (302) is fixedly connected to the first extrusion block (304), and the push shaft (204) is fixedly connected to the second extrusion block (305). The second extrusion block (305) is used to extrude the first extrusion block (304).

6. A quick-release photovoltaic junction box according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limiting block (302) is fixedly connected to a stabilizing block (306), and the two stabilizing blocks (306) and the limiting rod (201) are used together to limit the two limiting blocks (302).

7. A quick-release photovoltaic junction box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding plate (3) is fixedly connected to a fixed cylinder (401), and a pusher (402) is slidably connected inside the fixed cylinder (401). The pusher (402) is used to push the power-off pusher (205).

8. A quick-release photovoltaic junction box according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed cylinder (401) and the push frame (402) form a push cavity (403). The sliding plate (3) is fixedly connected to an air shell (404). The air shell (404) is fixedly connected to and communicates with a connecting hose (405). The push frame (402) and the connecting hose (405) are fixedly connected. The connecting hose (405) communicates with the push cavity (403).

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