Microgrids and components thereof, companion appliances and adapters therefor

Abstract

A kind of micro-grid and its components, matching electrical appliances and its adapter, especially a wide range of application, high safety micro-grid, it includes the trunk line V1 for power supply and the trunk line V2 for arc extinguishing, the pulse current provided by trunk line V2 realizes arc extinguishing to the device connected with trunk line V1 (V2).The present application has the advantages of reasonable design, wide range of application, high safety.

Description

[Corrected according to Detailed Rule 91, May 2026] Microgrids and their components, supporting electrical appliances and their adapters Technical Field

[0001] [Corrected according to Rule 91 20.05.2026] This invention relates to a microgrid and its components, supporting electrical appliances and their adapters, and in particular to a microgrid with wide applicability and high security, and convenient supporting components, supporting electrical appliances and their adapters. Background Technology

[0002] In DC (AC) power control systems (microgrids), the connecting devices such as switches (microgrid components) connected to the power supply lines generate electric arcs during operation, causing problems such as short electrical life of the connecting devices, adhesion, combustion, and explosion, posing a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the system. Although existing electronic arc extinguishing technology has a good arc extinguishing effect, due to limitations in applicable scenarios and poor versatility of technical solutions, it is difficult to unify relevant technical standards and achieve large-scale popularization and application. Traditional microgrids and their components can no longer meet the needs of social development. Summary of the Invention

[0003] [Corrected according to Article 91 20.05.2026] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems mentioned in the background art and to provide a microgrid with a wide range of applications and high security, as well as convenient supporting components, supporting electrical appliances and their adapters.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A microgrid, as shown in Figure 1, includes a main line V1 and a main line V2. The main line V1 is used for power supply, and the main line V2 is used for arc extinguishing.

[0006] Working principle: The pulse current provided by the main line V2 extinguishes the arc of the device connected to the main line V1 (V2).

[0007] This invention is reasonably designed and has the advantages of wide applicability and high safety. Attached Figure Description

[0008] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the microgrid of the present invention.

[0009] Figure 2 is one of the schematic diagrams of an embodiment of the microgrid and its components of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the microgrid and its components of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the microgrid connection device of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the microgrid connection device of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the unidirectional device of the microgrid of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the unidirectional device of the microgrid of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 8 is the third schematic diagram of the unidirectional device embodiment of the microgrid of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 9 is the fourth schematic diagram of a unidirectional device embodiment of the microgrid of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 10 is the fifth schematic diagram of a unidirectional device embodiment of the microgrid of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the control device for the microgrid of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of one of the electrical embodiments of the microgrid of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the electrical embodiment of the microgrid of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the adapter of the electrical appliances in the microgrid of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention:

[0023] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, a microgrid and its components include a control device C (providing pulsed current), main lines V1 and V2, connecting devices (S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6, used to establish electrical connections, abbreviated as S1-S6 in this document), and a unidirectional device D (a semiconductor unidirectional conducting device; as shown in Figure 3, unidirectional device D is placed inside the connecting devices). The electrical energy of main lines V1 (optional) and V2 is provided by power source V through the control device C (built-in switch). Main line V2 is used for... To extinguish the arc of the connecting device, electrode P1 of the connecting device is connected to the main line V1, and electrode P2 of the connecting device (S1-S6) is connected to the main line V2 through a unidirectional device D. The unidirectional device D and electrode P2 form a selector switch. During the disconnection process of the connecting device, breakpoints K1 and K2 are formed between electrodes P1, P2 and P3. Each unidirectional device D is connected to the main line V2 with a common anode (in actual applications, a common cathode connection can also be used according to the line requirements. Both common cathode and common anode connections are defined as connections of the same polarity).

[0024] [Corrected according to Rule 91, March 25, 2026] Control device C: Detects the disconnection of the connection device by detecting the current (voltage, i.e., the potential difference between V2 and V1 or power supply V) signal of the main line V2. When there is current (arc current) in the main line V2, the current flowing through the break point K1 drops to zero, thus extinguishing the arc at break point K1. Then, control device C shuts off the current in the main line V2, extinguishing the arc at break point K2. Then, it supplies power to the main line V2 again, entering the next working cycle. If current is detected again, the previous working process is repeated. When the current in the main line V2 exceeds the set time range, a grid anomaly can be determined, and the power supply (or power supply V) of the main line V1 (optional) and the main line V2 is shut off. During the period when control device C does not supply power to the main line V2, it can also be used to detect the voltage of the main line V2 to detect whether the unidirectional device D has a breakdown condition. Control device C is connected to the main line V1 (preferably) to detect the main line V2 voltage. When the control device C simultaneously detects and controls the main lines V1 and V2, the accuracy of arc fault detection in the microgrid can be greatly improved, further ensuring the safety of the microgrid. When the control device C simultaneously detects the main line V1 and V2 electrical signals, it can also be used for the following purposes: When the V1 main line loses power (power loss is defined in this invention as: current is zero, or voltage drops, which is manifested as the potential difference between the main line V2 and the main line V1 satisfying the driving unidirectional device D to conduct), and current appears in the main line V2, it indicates that there is no arc in the connection device and the voltage of the main line V1 drops instantaneously (power loss). At this time, maintaining the power supply of the main line V2 can effectively suppress the voltage drop (power loss), thereby preventing accidents from occurring in the load connected to the connection device. When the main lines V1 and V2 use the same power supply, the working process is as follows: the control device C first bypasses (parallel) the arc at the break point K1 through the main line V2 and the unidirectional device D, and then extinguishes the arc in series at the break point K2.

[0025] The specific implementation methods of the connecting devices (S1-S6) are as follows:

[0026] S1 is a bridged switch with electrode P2 as the contact bridge; S2 and S5 are conventional linkage switches (Note: these are double-pole switches used in series, or two sets of bridged switches as shown in S1 can be used in series, the principle is the same, the common node of the two series components is electrode P2). The break point K1 (contact) formed by electrode P1 and electrode P2 of S1 and S2, and the break point K2 (contact) formed by electrode P2 and electrode P3 form a series circuit, and the main line V1 is powered through this series circuit (in the closed state); S3 is a sliding connection switch, and S4 is a linkage switch.

[0027] S5 is a switch, including electrodes P1, P2, P3, and P4. Electrode P3 is used to connect to the power ground G. Electrode P1 and electrode P2 form a break point K1, and electrode P3 and electrode P4 form a break point K2. That is, electrode P2 forms a break point K2 with electrode P3 through the connected object (load or battery).

[0028] S6 is a socket, including electrodes P1, P2, and P3. Electrode P3 is used to connect to the power ground G. Electrode P1 and electrode P2 (connected object, plug PL) form a break point K1. Electrode P2 forms a break point K2 with electrode P3 through the connected object (plug PL). During insertion, electrode P5 of plug PL first connects to electrode P2, and then plug PL connects to electrodes P1 and P3. During removal, plug PL first disconnects from electrodes P1 and P3, and then disconnects from electrode P2. The structure of S6 helps prevent the unidirectional device D from carrying current for a long time due to improper plug insertion or removal. When S6 is changed to a single-wire socket, refer to the structure of S3: electrode P3 is a plug, and the socket includes electrodes P1 and P2, which can be established.

[0029] The connection device S7 shown in Figure 3 is a bipolar switch used for dual-line control of the main line V1 and the power ground G. The electrodes P1 and P3 of the connection devices (S4, S5, S6) are connected to the main line V1 and the power ground G through the connection device S7. The main line V2 can extinguish the arc of the connection devices (S4, S5, S6) at the same time, and can also extinguish the arc of the connection device S7 and any number of connection devices (multiple S7s in series). The S4 connected in series with S7 can also be any type of S1-S3.

[0030] The connecting devices (S1, S2, S5, S6, S7) are connecting devices that can achieve synchronous disconnection (synchronous connection), and the connecting devices (S3, S4) are connecting devices that can achieve asynchronous disconnection (K1 disconnects before K2 and connects asynchronously). The asynchronous time of the connecting device with structure S4 is greater than the power loss time of the main line V2 (i.e. the time when the control device C stops supplying power to the main line V2), to prevent the arc extinguishing of S4 from failing.

[0031] As shown in Figure 3, the microgrid and its components include a power distribution unit (distribution box) U, which includes a control device C and circuit breakers (B1, B2). The circuit breakers include at least a first-pole switch L1 and a second-pole switch L2. The connection device is connected to the main line V1 through the first-pole switch L1. The connection device is connected to the main line V2 through the common node of the unidirectional device D via the second-pole switch L2. When the control device C needs to extinguish the arc of the circuit breakers (B1, B2, switches), the first-pole switch L1 (equivalent to the break point K1) can be configured to break before the second-pole switch L2 (equivalent to the break point K2), and the asynchronous time is greater than the de-energization time of the main line V2. The control device C is used to detect the leakage current and insulation resistance of the main lines V1, V2, and power ground G to earth ground E. The main line V2 can be used to detect leakage current (insulation). When an abnormality is detected, the power supply (or power supply V) of the main lines V1 and V2 is turned off. Figure 3 shows a relatively comprehensive control device. In practical applications, the control device C can be simplified according to the requirements.

[0032] In current DC systems, circuit breakers (switches) generally adopt multi-pole series connection. The scheme shown in Figure 4 can be used. The main line V2 is connected to the unidirectional device D (electrode P2) of the next stage connection device (S1-S6) through the second pole switch L2 (when P4 is connected to P2, the main line V2 first passes through the unidirectional device D). When it is necessary to control the load (such as a lamp) in two ways, the wiring scheme shown in Figure 5 can be used (the diode D of S1-2 shown in Figure 5 can be cancelled, and only the diode D of S1-1 is used).

[0033] [Corrected according to Rule 91, March 25, 2026] The unidirectional device D shown in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 uses a diode (an uncontrolled device, which can be composed of multiple diodes connected in series to increase the conduction voltage threshold and reverse withstand voltage). This scheme not only has the advantages of simple wiring, good frequency characteristics (supporting higher arc extinguishing frequencies), strong overcurrent capability, high cost performance, and no leakage current, but also can use the trunk line V2 to detect the break between electrode P2 and trunk line V1 (node ​​V1) (when electrode P1 is connected in series with a fuse, arc extinguishing of the fuse and detection of the fuse status can be realized) as well as faults such as overcurrent in the connection device (which can be judged by detecting the duration of the pulse current in trunk line V2). Additionally, Figure 6 also supports this function. When multiple distributed connection devices are in the on state and the operating current of trunk line V1 is large, the line voltage drop between the connection device at the end of the power grid and trunk line V1 (power supply end, power supply V) may cause current to be generated in trunk line V2. To prevent this phenomenon, when trunk line V2 does not carry arc extinguishing current, when the connection device is in the on state, ensure that the unidirectional device D connected to the connection device is in the reverse bias state, and the potential difference (absolute value) between trunk line V1 (power supply end, power supply V) and trunk line V2 is greater than the maximum allowable operating voltage drop of trunk line V1 (absolute value, generally 5% of the operating voltage). The conduction voltage threshold of control device C is not less than this voltage drop.

[0034] When the unidirectional device D is replaced with a thyristor (semi-controlled device), several components can be added simply, referring to the circuits shown in Figures 6, 7, and 8. Each thyristor D is connected with a common anode, as shown in Figure 6 (the difference from the uncontrolled device scheme is that it is easier to increase the on-state voltage threshold and achieve an on-state voltage drop value less than the on-state voltage threshold). The control electrode of the thyristor D is connected to the anode (terminus) of the thyristor D through a display device LED (optional), a resistor R (optional), a voltage sensing device ZA (a Zener diode, optional, used to adjust the on-state voltage threshold of the unidirectional device), and a diode DA (rectifier diode). (Note: Alternatively, diode DA can also be connected to the anode of the thyristor.) The anode or cathode is connected in series, and the control electrode of the thyristor is directly connected to the anode of the thyristor. The cathode of the thyristor is connected to electrode P2. This scheme is used under special conditions to avoid mis-conduction of unidirectional devices (such as when using uncontrolled devices) caused by the voltage drop of the main line V1. As shown in Figure 7, the control electrode of the thyristor D is connected to electrode P1 through resistor R, and electrode P2 is connected to the cathode of the thyristor D, which has the advantage of no leakage current. As shown in Figure 8, the control electrode of the thyristor D is connected to electrode P2 through resistor R, and the cathode of the thyristor D is connected to electrode P3. Compared with other schemes of this invention, the key difference is that the main circuit of the unidirectional device D is not connected in series with electrode P2. During the arc extinguishing process, the main circuit of the unidirectional device D is connected to electrode P2. Control device C bypasses (parallelizes) the series circuit consisting of breakpoints K1 and K2 via trunk line V2 and unidirectional device D to extinguish the arc. Additionally, when the connection device is subjected to external impact or a voltage drop causes it to disconnect, trunk line V2 can be used to provide short-term power to the load to prevent accidents. This solution has the advantages of fast arc extinguishing and good arc-extinguishing effect. Alternatively, the control electrode of the thyristor D shown in Figure 7 can be modified to be connected to electrode P3 via resistor R to achieve rapid arc extinguishing. Resistor R shown in Figures 7 and 8 must not be replaced with a capacitor because trunk line V2 is de-energized during the disconnection process, and the capacitor will quickly charge. When trunk line V2 switches to a high level... The thyristor D cannot be driven to extinguish the arc; in addition, the break point jitter of the connection device and the use of capacitors will also cause the problem of arc extinguishing failure. When the unidirectional device D is a thyristor, under the condition that the connection device is in the on state, the potential difference between the main line V2 and the main line V1 can be used to achieve the forward bias (or near-equipotential) operation of the unidirectional device to obtain a larger arc extinguishing current, which is suitable for high current arc extinguishing scenarios. When the unidirectional device and the connection device are selected to form a three-terminal selection switch, it is recommended that the unidirectional device and related components (such as resistors, diodes, etc., optional) be installed as close as possible to the connection device, or the connection device be built in, to reduce the length of the connection line and improve the anti-interference capability.

[0035] If the trunk line V1 is negative or used for bus operation, and a three-terminal selector switch is required, considering that the current unidirectional thyristor is difficult to meet the needs of special scenarios, as shown in Figure 9, a unidirectional device D (uncontrolled device, diode) is connected in series with a bidirectional thyristor. All unidirectional devices D are connected to a common cathode. The anode of the unidirectional device D is connected to the second anode of the bidirectional thyristor T. The first anode of the bidirectional thyristor T is connected to electrode P2. The control electrode of the bidirectional thyristor T is connected to electrode P3 or electrode P1 through resistor R; or the configuration is that the first anode of the bidirectional thyristor T is connected to electrode P3, and the control electrode of the bidirectional thyristor T is connected to electrode P2 through resistor R.

[0036] In the above embodiments, electrode P2 can be connected in series with display device LED to allow the user to know whether the connection device is properly connected to trunk line V2, as shown in Figure 6. Electrode P2 is connected in series with unidirectional device D, and the control electrode of unidirectional device D is connected in series with LED. When unidirectional device D is composed of multiple diodes connected in series as shown in Figure 10, the series circuit (display unit) composed of resistor RA, diode DB, and display device LED can be connected in parallel with unidirectional device D.

[0037] Figure 11 shows a cost-effective implementation of the control device for the microgrid components of the present invention: it consists of a circuit breaker BK (optional, electrically controllable and manually closable), a control unit M, a switch Q1 (fully controllable device, semiconductor device, used to output pulse signals, which is a field-effect transistor, IGBT, or transistor), and a detection unit A (four-terminal circuit). The power supply V supplies power to the main line V1, main line V2, and control unit M (control unit M can also adopt an independent power supply scheme according to the actual working conditions) through the circuit breaker BK. The control unit M is connected to the circuit breaker BK, the switch Q1, and the detection unit A. The switch Q1 is connected in series with the detection unit A and the main line V2. The detection unit A is used to detect the electrical signal of the main line V2.

[0038] Detection unit A: It consists of a current detection unit CT and a voltage detection unit VT (trigger switch), with the voltage detection unit VT connected in series with the current detection unit CT.

[0039] The current detection unit CT consists of a voltage detection device Z1 (composed of multiple diodes connected in series), a resistor R1 (optional), and an optocoupler OPT1. The input terminal of the optocoupler OPT1 is connected in parallel with the voltage detection device Z1 through the resistor R1. The output terminal of the optocoupler OPT1 is connected to the control unit M. The resistor R4 and the display device LED1 form a series circuit and are connected in parallel with Z1. The LED1 is used to display the arc extinguishing process.

[0040] Voltage detection unit VT: Used to detect the potential difference between main line V2 and main line V1 or power supply V. It consists of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR1), a resistor R2 (optional), and a voltage detection device Z2. The control electrode of the SCR1 is connected to the voltage detection device Z1 through the resistor R2 and the voltage detection device Z2 (it can be connected to the common node between the diodes in Z1). The current detection unit CT is connected in series with the anode of the SCR1. This connection method can effectively improve the stability of current detection and has a current detection capability at the milliampere level.

[0041] In this embodiment, the detection unit A (via switch Q1) detects the potential difference between the main line V2 and the main line V1 (i.e., power supply V), and ensures that the on-state voltage drop of the detection unit A (control device C) is less than its conduction threshold (the voltage or current threshold of the output current of the control device C is mainly determined by the conduction voltage or current threshold of the detection unit A). It has the advantages of high cost performance, low loss, and strong output current capability. The detection unit A can also be implemented using other circuit forms. When the unidirectional device D is a semi-controlled device or other devices with high conduction thresholds are selected, or when it is applied to projects with small arc extinguishing current and short line length, the detection unit A only needs to detect the current of the main line V2, and the current detection unit CT can be retained. If quantitative measurement of current is required, the CT in Figure 11 can be replaced with other current sensors. The output terminal of the detection unit A (main line V2) can be connected to a diode connected to the power supply ground to eliminate the reverse electromotive force generated by the line connected to the main line V2. If the main line V1 is negative or used for current collection, the polarity direction of the relevant components can be adjusted.

[0042] [Revised according to Rule 91, March 25, 2026] The voltage sensing devices (ZA, Z1, Z2) defined in this invention are semiconductor devices that conduct when the voltage across their terminals reaches their conduction voltage threshold and can return to a high-resistance state or be cut off when the voltage is below their conduction voltage threshold. The voltage sensing device can be composed of multiple ordinary diodes connected in series. The voltage sensing device can be a transient diode, Zener diode, trigger diode, or varistor, or other equivalent devices.

[0043] The socket and the plug PL connected to it as defined in this invention are mutually referential, but can be interchanged in practical applications.

[0044] Working principle: When circuit breaker BK is closed and powered on, control device C performs a self-test (if an abnormality occurs, control BK to disconnect). Control unit M provides a control signal to switch Q1 to turn on. When the potential difference between main line V2 and main line V1 (power supply V) reaches the conduction voltage (current) threshold of detection unit A, detection unit A turns on. Control unit M obtains relevant information through optocoupler OPT1, and then controls (delay control) switch Q1 to turn off. Then, it detects the voltage of node N2 (detects the voltage of main line V2 through the internal circuit of detection unit A) to check whether switch Q1 is completely turned off and whether the unidirectional device D is damaged. If normal, it provides a control signal to switch Q1 to turn on again to start the next working cycle. When an abnormality occurs during operation (such as arc extinguishing abnormality, overcurrent, leakage current, etc.), it controls circuit breaker BK to open. Note: The overvoltage suppression device RV (optional, a varistor, or a transient suppression diode, etc.) connected to switch Q1 is used for overvoltage protection, and resistor R3 (optional) is used for current sampling for overcurrent protection.

[0045] [Correction based on Rule 91, March 25, 2026] For scenarios such as aircraft and automobiles where power loss is not permissible, circuit breaker BK can be omitted, and relevant information can be provided by control unit M; when high-speed protection is required, circuit breaker BK can be a semiconductor switch.

[0046] [Corrected according to Rule 91, March 25, 2026] In the above embodiment, the control device C first provides a DC voltage to the main line V2. After detecting the current, it then cuts off the current, thereby extinguishing the arc. It has the functions of detection and arc extinguishing. In order to improve the faster response speed, the control unit M has a built-in (or external) pull-down circuit (to apply reverse bias to the unidirectional device D and discharge charge to the main line V2), which works with the switch Q1 to achieve push-pull output. For cost-sensitive operating conditions, the control device can use a pulse generator as a pulse power supply, which is equivalent to the control device controlling the output of high and low level voltage signals to the main line V2.

[0047] The arc extinguishing defined in this invention means preventing the generation of an electric arc, or extinguishing an electric arc that has already been generated; the break point K1 (K2) defined in this invention is not limited to a specific single contact (break point), but can be multiple contacts (break points, i.e. a group of break points) connected in series or in parallel.

[0048] The components of the microgrid of the present invention, including switches or sockets of unidirectional devices D (or also including components connected thereto), greatly facilitate connection to the microgrid of the present invention.

[0049] When the connecting device (S1-S6) is a switch, it can be a manual mechanical switch (such as a flip switch, toggle switch, push button, rocker switch, etc.), a limit switch, a circuit breaker, or an electromagnetic switch such as a contactor or relay;

[0050] The connection devices (S1-S6) in the above embodiments can also be internal connection devices of electrical appliances (such as power strips) or appliances (water heaters, air conditioners, kitchen appliances).

[0051] The number of connecting devices (S1-S6) connected to trunk line V1 and trunk line V2 is two or more. The types of connecting devices referred to by S1-S6 can be selected individually or in multiple ways. When the connecting devices are installed close to each other and the control device is installed close to each connecting device, and the unidirectional device and electrode P2 form a two-terminal selection switch, trunk line V2 and unidirectional device D can be integrated into the control device C.

[0052] The various connecting devices of this invention can be connected in parallel, in series (i.e., the main circuits of multiple connecting devices are connected in series), or in a mixed manner, which has the advantages of flexibility and convenience.

[0053] When the connecting device of the present invention is a linkage structure, a mechanical linkage structure (preferably) or an electric linkage structure is adopted.

[0054] The microgrid definition of this invention, "unidirectional device D is connected to the main line V2 with common anode or common cathode", includes the meaning of "unidirectional device D is directly connected to the main line V2 with common anode (or common cathode)"; it also includes the meaning of "unidirectional device D is connected to the main line V2 with common anode (or common cathode) through other components (or elements, or devices), such as placing the unidirectional device D connected by the connecting device S4 between the electrode P3 and the break point K2, that is, when the break point K2 is on, the unidirectional device D is connected to the main line V2 with common anode (or common cathode) through the electrode P2.

[0055] The unidirectional device D of the microgrid of this invention is preferably an uncontrolled device (diode) or a semi-controlled device (thyristor, not limited to traditional thyristors). The use of non-fully controlled devices has the advantages of high voltage resistance, good overcurrent capability, low cost and simple circuit. The connection devices (S1-S6) share a single control device, which has extremely high cost performance.

[0056] This invention utilizes the connection between electrode P2 of the connecting device and unidirectional device D to form a selection switch. When the connecting device is on, electrode P2 is electrically connected to electrodes P1 and P3, which facilitates real-time detection of the working status of the connecting device by the main line V2 (achieving overcurrent detection, arc detection, arc extinguishing, etc., capable of detecting milliampere-level arc currents and stably extinguishing arcs). When the connecting device is off-state, electrodes P2, P1, and P3 are off-state, and unidirectional device D connected to electrode P2 is in an open-circuit state (main circuit open-circuit state, or control circuit open-circuit state), effectively preventing the unidirectional device from mis-energizing and affecting the load. It has extremely high anti-interference capability and meets the requirements of various complex working environments.

[0057] In the above embodiments, when electrode P3 (or electrode P2 and electrode P4 if the connecting device is S5) is connected to an electrical appliance, the microgrid is a distribution network; when used for current collection, electrode P3 (or electrode P2 and electrode P4 if the connecting device is S5) is used to connect the power sources of each branch, and the microgrid is a current collection network, which is suitable for scenarios such as photovoltaic current collection, charging piles, energy storage, and battery current collection.

[0058] To facilitate arc extinguishing of the connected electrical appliances by the microgrid of the present invention, the plug PL shown in Figures 2, 3, 12, and 13 also includes an electrode P6 for connecting to the electrode P2 of S6 (Note: the electrodes of S6 and PL can be adjusted according to the engineering layout of the actual product), and the trunk line V2 realizes arc extinguishing of the connection device S8 inside the electrical appliance RL6.

[0059] Electrical appliance RL6 is connected to electrodes P1 and P3 of connecting device S6 via plug PL. Electrode P6 of plug PL is connected to electrode P2 of connecting device S6. Main line V2 is used to extinguish arcs in the connected electrical appliance. It also includes fuse F1, which is connected to electrode P4.

[0060] To improve the compatibility and flexibility of the electrical appliances in this microgrid for use with other DC grids, an adapter for other DC grids is shown in Figure 14, including an arc-extinguishing device AS, electrodes PA and PB for connecting the power supply and electrical appliances, and an electrode PC for extinguishing the arc of the electrical appliances. The arc-extinguishing device AS is connected to electrodes PA, PB, and PC, and electrodes PA, PB, and PC are used to connect to the plug PL.

[0061] DC power grids have advantages such as low loss and high transmission efficiency. However, because DC power lacks a zero-crossing point, its arc is difficult to extinguish, which is a technical bottleneck hindering the widespread adoption of DC power distribution in buildings and other locations. This invention's microgrid and its components allow for the disconnection of DC power at least 1.414 times (peak value of AC voltage) from a traditional AC switch, which is already technically mature and widely available, using the wiring method of this invention. Simultaneously, it achieves a significantly longer electrical life than its AC operating conditions (10 times or more). Traditional AC switches have an arcing time of up to 10 milliseconds (half a cycle at 50Hz), while this invention can control the arcing time within 10 milliseconds. It is recommended that the arcing time be less than 1 / 4 cycle time, preferably no more than 1 millisecond. This solves the problems of long arcing time, short electrical and mechanical life, and limited product variety in current DC switches. This invention greatly accelerates the widespread application of DC power supply. Existing three-phase AC control units can be converted to DC control. As long as the microgrid of this invention is used, there is no need to replace contactors, relays, buttons, or other switches. Only wiring adjustments and the addition of unidirectional devices are required. For existing switches (which can significantly improve their electrical life when applied to DC switches with arc-breaking capabilities), only the addition of unidirectional devices (or external devices) is needed. For sockets (or plugs, or connectors), only the addition of electrode P2 and unidirectional devices (or external devices) is needed to produce compliant products that are easy to connect to the microgrid of this invention. The control and connection devices of this microgrid can be independently and standardizedly produced by different manufacturers, which is conducive to cultivating an industrial ecosystem and accelerating the development of DC applications. It is especially suitable for systems with various voltage levels (1500V, 750V, 375V, 270V, 110V, etc.) within the current 1800V range.

[0062] This invention's novel microgrid standard allows industry or national organizations to standardize parameters such as the pulse width of the arc-extinguishing current on trunk line V2 and the pulse width at which power is stopped from trunk line V2 (the preferred values ​​for both pulse widths are between 0.05 ms and 1 ms, and no more than 5 ms, i.e., the arc-extinguishing frequency is controlled within the 100 Hz-10 kHz range, with appropriate parameters determined based on system current, voltage, and line length), the potential difference between trunk line V1 (power supply end) and trunk line V2 (if unidirectional device D is a diode, it should be greater than the allowable voltage drop of trunk line V1, preferably with an absolute value greater than 5V and less than 30V), and the conduction voltage threshold of unidirectional device D. This standardization will regulate the technical standards for electrical life testing of connection devices and the technical standards for control devices, facilitating the popularization of electronic arc extinguishing and the standardization of market management.

[0063] This invention presents a novel microgrid system where a single node (main line V2, one bus) can detect and extinguish arcs over long distances for a wide range of distributed connected devices of various current levels and in unlimited quantities. This facilitates system miniaturization, lightweighting, and intelligence, significantly improving economic efficiency while offering high safety and compatibility. It is suitable for applications in buildings (homes, industries, commerce, etc.), ships, automobiles, aircraft (airplanes, etc.), locomotives, and various equipment (charging piles, combiner boxes, machine control equipment, distribution cabinets, etc.).

[0064] The connection device of the microgrid of this invention can be a load (electrical appliance, such as the internal connection device of a refrigerator, water heater, air conditioner, kitchen appliance, etc.). That is, the main line V2 realizes arc extinguishing for the electrical appliance, which helps to reduce the cost of the electrical appliance and improve product safety. In advanced applications, the internal circuit of the electrical appliance can be used to detect the main line V2 (by using a driving semiconductor switch to pulse discharge V2 to achieve the detection purpose). If the main line V2 works normally, the connection device inside the load is allowed to be connected and enter the normal operation strategy.

[0065] For ease of understanding, the above embodiments use a DC (unidirectional) microgrid as an example. When bidirectional arc extinguishing of DC or AC is required, only a few additional components need to be added.

[0066] This invention is reasonably designed and has the advantages of wide applicability and high safety.

Claims

1. A microgrid comprising a trunk line V1 for power supply, characterized in that: It also includes trunk line V2, which is used for arc extinguishing.

2. The microgrid according to claim 1, characterized in that: When current appears in the main line V2, the current in the main line V2 is turned off, and then power is supplied to the main line V2 again.

3. The microgrid according to claim 1, characterized in that: It can be a building power grid, a ship power grid, a locomotive power grid, an aircraft power grid, a vehicle power grid, or an equipment power grid.

4. The microgrid according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control device C, which is connected to the trunk line V2 and is used to provide energy to the trunk line V2.

5. The microgrid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control device C is used to detect the current of the main line V2.

6. The microgrid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control device C is used to detect the voltage of the main line V2.

7. The microgrid according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the main line V1 loses power and the main line V2 has current, the control device C maintains the power supply to the main line V2.

8. The microgrid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control device C is used to detect faulty electric arcs.

9. The microgrid according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control device C is used to detect leakage current.

10. The microgrid according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes connecting devices (S1-S6) connected to the trunk line V1 and the trunk line V2. The number of connecting devices (S1-S6) is two or more. Each connecting device (S1-S6) includes at least electrode P1 and electrode P2. Electrodes P1, P2, and P3 form breakpoints K1 and K2. Electrode P1 is connected to the trunk line V1. Electrode P2 is connected to a unidirectional device D to form a selection switch. Each unidirectional device D is of the same polarity and connected to the trunk line V2. When the connecting devices (S1-S6) are turned on, electrodes P1, P2, and P3 are in an electrically connected state.

11. [Correction 25.03.2026 according to Rule 91] The microgrid according to claim 10 is characterized in that: The connecting device is a sliding connection, a bridging connection, or a linkage structure.

12. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The electrode P3 is connected to a fuse.

13. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The electrode P1 forms the break point K1 with the electrode P2 or with the electrode P3, and the electrode P2 forms the break point K2 with the electrode P3.

14. The microgrid according to claim 13, characterized in that: The electrode P1 and the electrode P2 form the break point K1, and the electrode P2 forms the break point K2 with the electrode P3 through the object it is connected to.

15. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The connection device S6 is a socket, and also includes the electrode P3. The electrode P3 is used to connect to the power ground G. The electrode P2, the plug PL and the electrode P1 form the break point K1, and the electrode P3 and the plug PL form the break point K2.

16. The microgrid according to claim 15, characterized in that: During insertion, the plug PL's electrode P5 is first connected to the electrode P2, and then the plug PL is connected to the electrodes P1 and P3. During removal, the plug PL is first disconnected from the electrodes P1 and P3, and then disconnected from the electrode P2.

17. The microgrid according to claim 15, characterized in that: The plug PL also includes an electrode P6 for connection with the electrode P2.

18. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The connection device S5 is a switch, and also includes electrodes P3 and P4. Electrode P3 is used to connect to the power ground G. Electrode P1 and electrode P2 form the break point K1, and electrode P3 and electrode P4 form the break point K2. Electrode P2 and electrode P4 are used to connect to the object to be connected.

19. [Correction 25.03.2026 according to Rule 91] The microgrid according to claim 10, 15 or 18, characterized in that: It also includes a connecting device S7, wherein the electrode P1 and the electrode P3 of the connecting devices (S4, S5, S6) are connected to the trunk line V1 and the power ground G through the connecting device S7, and the trunk line V2 is used to extinguish the arc of the connecting device S7.

20. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The unidirectional device D is an uncontrolled device.

21. [Correction 25.03.2026 according to Rule 91] The microgrid according to claim 20 is characterized in that: The on-voltage threshold of the control device C is not less than the allowable voltage drop of the trunk line V1.

22. The microgrid according to claim 20, characterized in that: The on-state voltage drop of the control device C is less than the on-state voltage threshold of the control device C.

23. The microgrid according to claim 20, characterized in that: It also includes a bidirectional thyristor T, the unidirectional device D is connected to the second anode of the bidirectional thyristor T, the first anode of the bidirectional thyristor T is connected to the electrode P2, and the control electrode of the bidirectional thyristor T is connected to the electrode P3 or the electrode P1 through a resistor R.

24. The microgrid according to claim 20, characterized in that: It also includes a bidirectional thyristor T, the unidirectional device D is connected to the second anode of the bidirectional thyristor T, the first anode of the bidirectional thyristor T is connected to the electrode P3, and the control electrode of the bidirectional thyristor T is connected to the electrode P2 through a resistor R.

25. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The unidirectional device D is a semi-controlled device. All the semi-controlled devices are connected with a common anode. The control electrode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the anode of the semi-controlled device. The cathode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the electrode P2. The semi-controlled device is connected in series with a diode DA.

26. The microgrid according to claim 25, characterized in that: The control electrode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the anode of the semi-controlled device through the voltage detection device ZA and the diode DA.

27. The microgrid according to claim 20 or 25, characterized in that: The control device C detects overcurrent in the connecting devices (S1-S6) by detecting the current in the main line V2.

28. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The unidirectional device D is a semi-controlled device, and each of the semi-controlled devices is connected in a common anode configuration. The control electrode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the electrode P1 through a resistor R, and the cathode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the electrode P2.

29. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The unidirectional device D is a semi-controlled device, and each of the semi-controlled devices is connected in a common anode configuration. The control electrode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the electrode P2 through a resistor R, and the cathode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the electrode P3.

30. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The unidirectional device D is a semi-controlled device, and each of the semi-controlled devices is connected in a common anode configuration. The control electrode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the electrode P3 through a resistor R, and the cathode of the semi-controlled device is connected to the electrode P2.

31. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The connecting device (S1-S6) is a switch, a socket, a plug, or a connector.

32. The microgrid according to claim 10, characterized in that: The electrode P2 is connected in series with the LED display device.

33. The microgrid according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a power distribution unit U, which includes the control device C and circuit breakers (B1, B2) including a first-pole switch L1 and a second-pole switch L2. The main line V1 is output through the first-pole switch L1, and the main line V2 is output through the second-pole switch L2.

34. A component based on the microgrid of claim 4 or 10, characterized in that: It is the control device C, which consists of a control unit M, a fully controlled device Q1, and a detection unit A. The control unit M is connected to the fully controlled device Q1 and the detection unit A, and the fully controlled device Q1, the detection unit A, and the trunk line V2 are connected in series.

35. The microgrid component according to claim 34, characterized in that: The detection unit A includes a current detection unit CT.

36. The microgrid component according to claim 35, characterized in that: It also includes a voltage detection unit VT for detecting the potential difference between the trunk line V2 and the trunk line V1 or the power supply V, the voltage detection unit VT being connected in series with the current detection unit CT.

37. The microgrid component according to claim 36, characterized in that: The current detection unit CT consists of a voltage detection device Z1 and an optocoupler OPT1. The voltage detection unit VT consists of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR1) and a voltage detection device Z2. The input terminal of the optocoupler OPT1 and the voltage detection device Z1 form a parallel circuit. The output terminal of the optocoupler OPT1 is connected to the control unit M. The parallel circuit is connected in series with the anode of the silicon controlled rectifier SCR1. The trigger electrode of the silicon controlled rectifier SCR1 is connected to the voltage detection device Z1 through the voltage detection device Z2.

38. [Correction 25.03.2026 according to Rule 91] The microgrid component according to claim 35, characterized in that: The current detection unit includes a voltage detection device Z1 and an optocoupler OPT1. The input terminal of the optocoupler OPT1 is connected in parallel with the voltage detection device Z1, and the optocoupler OPT1 is used to output a signal.

39. The microgrid component according to claim 34, characterized in that: It also includes a circuit breaker BK, through which power supply V supplies power to the main line V1 and the main line V2, and the circuit breaker BK is connected to the control unit M.

40. A component based on the microgrid of claim 10, characterized in that: The components are the connecting devices (S1-S6).

41. A component for the microgrid of claim 26, characterized in that: The connection device (S1-S6) also includes the semi-controlled device, the voltage detection device ZA, and the diode DA.

42. The microgrid component according to claim 41, characterized in that: It also includes a display device LED, which is connected in series with the control electrode.

43. A component for use in a microgrid as described in any one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that: The components are the connection devices (S1-S6), and the connection devices (S1-S6) further include the semi-controlled device D and the resistor R.

44. A component for use in a microgrid as described in claim 20, characterized in that: The connecting device (S1-S6) includes the unidirectional device D.

45. The microgrid component according to claim 44, characterized in that: It also includes a resistor RA, a diode DB, and a display device LED, wherein the series circuit consisting of the resistor RA, the diode DB, and the display device LED is connected in parallel with the unidirectional device D.

46. ​​A component for use in a microgrid as described in claim 33, characterized in that: The component is the power distribution unit U.

47. An electrical appliance for use in a microgrid as described in claim 17, characterized in that: The electrical appliance is connected to the electrodes P1 and P3 of the connecting device S6 via the plug PL, and the electrode P6 is used to connect to the electrode P2 of the connecting device S6.

48. The electrical components of the microgrid according to claim 47, characterized in that: It also includes a fuse F1, which is connected to the electrode P4 of the plug PL.

49. The electrical components of the microgrid according to claim 47, characterized in that: The electrical appliance is a power supply or a power strip.

50. An adapter for an appliance based on the microgrid of claim 48, characterized in that: It includes an arc-extinguishing device AS, electrodes PA and PB for connecting the power supply and the electrical appliance, and an electrode PC for extinguishing the arc of the electrical appliance. The arc-extinguishing device AS is connected to the electrodes PA, PB, and PC. The electrodes PA, PB, and PC are used to connect to the plug PL.

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