Sample preparation device

Abstract

The utility model provides a sample preparation device, which is used for preparing a sample of an aluminum alloy plate and comprises a placing platform, a sample preparation device and a sample preparation device, the placing platform is provided with an open groove, the middle of the open groove is provided with a blanking hole, the blanking hole penetrates through the placing platform, and the open groove is used for placing raw materials; the cover plate is detachably connected with the placing platform, a guide hole is formed in the cover plate, the guide hole corresponds to the blanking hole, and the guide hole communicates with the blanking hole; and the stamping rod is movably arranged in the guide hole in a penetrating mode, the stamping rod can apply pressure to the raw materials on the open groove, and the stamping rod is matched with the blanking hole to prepare a sample. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the problem that the aging precipitation behavior of the aluminum alloy plate cannot be accurately researched due to the fact that a sample preparation method in the prior art has great influence on strengthening phase evolution in the precipitation process of the aluminum alloy plate can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of sample preparation devices, in particular to a sample preparation device. Background Art

[0002] 6xxx series aluminum alloys have high strength, good plasticity, high corrosion resistance and excellent comprehensive performance, making them the best choice for automobile body panels. Mg and Si are the two most important elements in 6xxx series aluminum alloys. The Mg2Si phase formed by the combination of the two is the main strengthening phase of this series of alloys. As the temperature changes, the general process of the precipitation of the Mg2Si phase in the aluminum alloy matrix is: α supersaturated solid solution-solute atom agglomeration zone-GP zone-β” phase-β' phase-β phase. The β” phase is considered to be the strengthening phase with the best strengthening effect in 6xxx series aluminum alloys, followed by the β' phase.

[0003] Differential thermal analysis (DSC) is often used to study the precipitation behavior of strengthening phases in 6xxx aluminum alloys during aging. Wire cutting is usually used for sample preparation. However, the local temperature of wire cutting discharge is generally between 3000-4000℃. The local high temperature has a great influence on the evolution of strengthening phases during the precipitation process of 6xxx aluminum alloy plates, which makes it impossible to accurately study the aging precipitation behavior and reduces the test accuracy. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model provides a sample preparation device to solve the problem that the sample preparation method in the prior art has a great influence on the evolution of the strengthening phase during the precipitation process of the aluminum alloy plate, thereby making it impossible to accurately study the aging precipitation behavior of the aluminum alloy plate.

[0005] The utility model provides a sample preparation device, which is used for preparing samples of aluminum alloy plates. The sample preparation device comprises: a placing platform, a slot is arranged on the placing platform, a blanking hole is arranged in the middle of the slot, the blanking hole runs through the placing platform, and the slot is used for placing raw materials; a cover plate, the cover plate is detachably connected to the placing platform, a guide hole is arranged on the cover plate, the guide hole corresponds to the blanking hole, and the guide hole and the blanking hole are connected to each other; a punching rod, the punching rod is movably inserted into the guide hole, the punching rod can apply pressure to the raw material on the slot, and the punching rod cooperates with the blanking hole to prepare the sample.

[0006] Furthermore, an outer wall of the middle portion of the punching rod is provided with an external thread, an internal thread is provided in the guide hole, and the punching rod is threadedly connected to the guide hole.

[0007] Furthermore, the punching rod includes a connecting section and a punching section which are connected to each other, the connecting section is provided with an external thread, the diameter of the punching section is smaller than the diameter of the connecting section, and the structure of the punching section is adapted to the structure of the blanking hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the length of the blanking hole is greater than the sum of the length of the punching section and the thickness of the raw material.

[0009] Furthermore, a connecting structure and a rotating structure are provided between the placement platform and the cover plate, and the cover plate can rotate relative to the placement platform through the rotating structure. The connecting structure and the rotating structure cooperate to fix the cover plate on the placement platform.

[0010] Furthermore, the connecting structure and the rotating structure are respectively arranged on two sides of the slot.

[0011] Furthermore, a first connecting hole and a second connecting hole are provided on the placing platform, a third connecting hole and a fourth connecting hole are provided on the cover plate, the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole are provided with internal threads, the third connecting hole and the fourth connecting hole are through holes, the first connecting hole and the third connecting hole are connected by a first fastener, the second connecting hole and the fourth connecting hole are connected by a second fastener, the first connecting hole, the third connecting hole and the first fastener cooperate to form a connecting structure, and the second connecting hole, the fourth connecting hole and the second fastener cooperate to form a rotating structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the dimension of the slot along the vertical direction is set between 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, an operating portion is provided at one end of the connecting section away from the punching section, and the operating portion is used to cooperate with the tooling to drive the punching rod to rotate.

[0014] Furthermore, the slot is a square structure, and the ratio between the diameter of the blanking hole and the side length of the slot is set between 1:2.2 and 1:1.8.

[0015] The technical scheme of the utility model is applied, the raw material is placed in the slot of the placement platform, the cover plate is arranged on the placement platform, the punch rod is inserted into the guide hole of the cover plate, and because the guide hole is arranged correspondingly to the blanking hole, the punch rod is arranged correspondingly to the blanking hole, and the punch rod can apply pressure to the raw material in the slot, so that the area of ​​the raw material corresponding to the blanking hole is punched down to make a sample, so as to complete the sample preparation work. Such arrangement can avoid the influence of the sample preparation device on the evolution of the strengthening phase during the precipitation process of the aluminum alloy sheet, so as to facilitate the subsequent accurate study of the aging precipitation behavior of the aluminum alloy sheet and ensure the test accuracy. And the sample is prepared by the above-mentioned sample preparation device, which has a simple structure and is easy to operate, and improves the efficiency of sample preparation. Specifically, when conducting the test, the cover plate is firstly avoided from the slot, the raw material is placed in the slot, and then the cover plate is fixed on the placement platform, and the punch rod is inserted into the guide hole to apply pressure to the raw material. Such arrangement, placing the raw material in the slot can constrain the raw material, avoid displacement of the raw material after fixing the cover plate, and thus can achieve accurate sampling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the structure of the sample preparation device provided by the utility model is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 The structure diagram of the placement platform provided by the utility model is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 The structure schematic diagram of the cover plate provided by the utility model is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of the cover plate provided by the utility model is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the cover plate and the punching rod provided by the utility model in cooperation with each other;

[0022] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the structure of the placement platform provided by the utility model and the raw materials in coordination is shown.

[0023] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0024] 10. Placement platform; 11. Slotting; 12. Blanking hole;

[0025] 20. Cover plate; 21. Guide hole;

[0026] 30. Punching rod; 31. Connecting section; 32. Punching section; 33. Operating section;

[0027] 40. connection structure; 41. first connection hole; 42. third connection hole; 43. first fastener;

[0028] 50. Rotation structure; 51. Second connection hole; 52. Fourth connection hole; 53. Second fastener;

[0029] 100. Raw materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means a limitation on the utility model and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, an embodiment of the utility model provides a sample preparation device for preparing samples of aluminum alloy plates, and the sample preparation device includes a placement platform 10, a cover plate 20 and a punching rod 30. A slot 11 is provided on the placement platform 10, and a blanking hole 12 is provided in the middle of the slot 11. The blanking hole 12 is provided through the placement platform 10, and the slot 11 is used to place the raw material 100. The cover plate 20 is detachably connected to the placement platform 10, and a guide hole 21 is provided on the cover plate 20. The guide hole 21 is provided corresponding to the blanking hole 12, and the guide hole 21 and the blanking hole 12 are connected to each other. The punching rod 30 is movably inserted into the guide hole 21, and the punching rod 30 can apply pressure to the raw material 100 on the slot 11, and the punching rod 30 cooperates with the blanking hole 12 to prepare the sample.

[0032] By applying the technical solution of the present application, the raw material 100 is placed in the slot 11 of the placement platform 10, the cover plate 20 is arranged on the placement platform 10, and the punching rod 30 is inserted into the guide hole 21 of the cover plate 20. Since the guide hole 21 is arranged corresponding to the blanking hole 12, the punching rod 30 is arranged corresponding to the blanking hole 12. The punching rod 30 can apply pressure to the raw material 100 in the slot 11, thereby punching down the area of ​​the raw material 100 corresponding to the blanking hole 12 to make a sample, thus completing the sample preparation work. Such a setting can avoid the influence of the sample preparation device on the evolution of the strengthening phase during the precipitation process of the aluminum alloy plate, thereby facilitating the subsequent accurate study of the aging precipitation behavior of the aluminum alloy plate and ensuring the test accuracy. In addition, the sample is prepared by using the above-mentioned sample preparation device, which has a simple structure and is easy to operate, thereby improving the efficiency of sample preparation. Specifically, when conducting the test, the cover plate 20 is first moved away from the slot 11, the raw material 100 is placed in the slot 11, and then the cover plate 20 is fixed on the placement platform 10, and the punch rod 30 is inserted into the guide hole 21 to apply pressure to the raw material 100. In this way, the raw material 100 is placed in the slot 11, which can constrain the raw material 100 and avoid displacement of the raw material 100 after the cover plate 20 is fixed, thereby achieving accurate sampling.

[0033] Among them, in the prior art, general material testing laboratories are not equipped with wire cutting equipment alone, and outsourcing and other preparatory work are required, resulting in low test efficiency. However, in this application, the sample preparation device has a relatively simple structure and can be placed in the material testing room, further improving the test efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, in the present application, the placement platform 10 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure with a length of 50 mm, a width of 30 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm. This configuration can reduce the volume of the sample preparation device and facilitate the storage and use of the sample preparation device.

[0035] Specifically, the outer wall of the middle part of the punch rod 30 has an external thread, and the guide hole 21 has an internal thread, and the punch rod 30 is threadedly connected with the guide hole 21. In this way, the staff can apply pressure to the raw material 100 by rotating the punch rod 30, which is convenient for controlling the magnitude of the force applied to the raw material 100 and avoiding damage to the sample. In addition, the above structure is simple in structure and easy to operate.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the punching rod 30 includes a connecting section 31 and a punching section 32 which are connected to each other. The connecting section 31 is provided with an external thread. The diameter of the punching section 32 is smaller than the diameter of the connecting section 31. The structure of the punching section 32 is adapted to the structure of the blanking hole 12. In this way, the punching section 32 cooperates with the blanking hole 12 to produce a sample of the required size, and when the end of the connecting end close to one end of the punching section 32 abuts against the slot 11, the staff can clearly know that a sample has been produced, and the operation is simple.

[0037] Furthermore, the length of the blanking hole 12 is greater than the sum of the length of the punching section 32 and the thickness of the raw material 100. This arrangement can prevent the punching section 32 from applying pressure to the sample again after the sample is blanked, thereby preventing the sample from being deformed.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, there is a connection structure 40 and a rotation structure 50 between the placement platform 10 and the cover plate 20. The cover plate 20 can rotate relative to the placement platform 10 through the rotation structure 50. The connection structure 40 and the rotation structure 50 cooperate to fix the cover plate 20 on the placement platform 10. With such a configuration, in the process of placing the raw material 100, it is avoided to remove the cover plate 20 from the placement platform 10. It is only necessary to remove the connection structure 40 and then rotate the cover plate 20. The operation is more convenient, and such a configuration can prevent the cover plate 20 from being lost. In addition, after the cover plate 20 is fixed, the position of the guide hole 21 is fixed, and then the position of the punching rod 30 can be fixed, so that the center deviation of the sample can be avoided.

[0039] The connection structure 40 and the rotation structure 50 are respectively arranged on both sides of the slot 11. In this way, the connection structure 40 and the rotation structure 50 cooperate to fix the cover plate 20, which can ensure the stability of the connection structure 40 fixing the cover plate 20 and further prevent the cover plate 20 from shifting.

[0040] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the placement platform 10 is provided with a first connection hole 41 and a second connection hole 51, and the cover plate 20 is provided with a third connection hole 42 and a fourth connection hole 52. The first connection hole 41 and the second connection hole 51 are provided with internal threads, and the third connection hole 42 and the fourth connection hole 52 are through holes. The first connection hole 41 is connected to the third connection hole 42 by a first fastener 43, and the second connection hole 51 is connected to the fourth connection hole 52 by a second fastener 53. The first connection hole 41, the third connection hole 42 and the first fastener 43 cooperate to form a connection structure 40, and the second connection hole 51, the fourth connection hole 52 and the second fastener 53 cooperate to form a rotation structure 50. Such a configuration facilitates the processing of the connection structure 40 and the rotation structure 50, and can ensure the smoothness of the rotation of the cover plate 20 and the stability of the cover plate 20 after the cover plate 20 is fixed. In addition, the connection structure 40 and the rotation structure 50 have the same structure, which can further reduce the difficulty of processing the placement platform 10 and the cover plate 20.

[0041] Specifically, the first connecting hole 41 and the second connecting hole 51 are M8 threaded holes with a hole depth of 8 mm, the third connecting hole 42 and the fourth connecting hole 52 are through holes with a hole diameter of 8.02 mm, and the first fastener 43 and the second fastener 53 are both M8 threaded cylinders with a cylinder height of 18 mm.

[0042] Furthermore, in the present application, the placement platform 10, cover plate 20, punch rod 30, first fastener 43 and second fastener 53 in the sample preparation device are all made of H13 mold steel, which can ensure the structural strength of the sample preparation device and avoid deformation of the sample preparation device.

[0043] Specifically, the size of the slot 11 along the vertical direction is set between 0.8mm and 2.5mm. When the size of the slot 11 along the vertical direction is less than 0.8mm, the size of the slot 11 along the vertical direction is too small, so that after the raw material 100 is placed in the slot 11, the cover plate 20 and the raw material 100 are squeezed, which easily causes the raw material 100 to deform; when the size of the slot 11 along the vertical direction is greater than 2.5mm, the size of the slot 11 along the vertical direction is too large, the time for the worker to prepare the sample is long, and the structural strength of the pull placement platform 10 is reduced; therefore, the size of the slot 11 along the vertical direction is set between 0.8mm and 2.5mm, which can avoid the deformation of the raw material 100, improve the efficiency of the staff, and ensure the structural strength of the placement platform 10. Optionally, the size of the slot 11 along the vertical direction can be set to 0.8mm, 2mm or 2.5mm. In the present application, the size of the slot 11 along the vertical direction is set to 2mm. With such arrangement, the 2 mm slot 11 can meet the sampling requirements of almost all 6xxx series aluminum alloy plates, thereby increasing the application scope of the sample preparation device.

[0044] Further, an operating portion 33 is provided at one end of the connecting section 31 away from the punching section 32, and the operating portion 33 is used to cooperate with the tooling to drive the punching rod 30 to rotate. Such a configuration facilitates the staff to drive the punching rod 30 to rotate, reduces the labor intensity of the staff, and improves the work efficiency of the staff.

[0045] Specifically, in the present application, the top of the operating portion 33 has a hexagonal hole, and a hexagonal wrench is used in conjunction with the operating portion 33 to drive the punching rod 30 to rotate, which has a simple structure and is easy to operate.

[0046] The slot 11 is a square structure, and arc structures are arranged at the four corners of the slot 11, which is convenient for the tool to avoid, turn, etc., thereby reducing the difficulty of processing.

[0047] The ratio between the diameter B of the blanking hole 12 and the side length A of the slot 11 is set between 1:2.2 and 1:1.8. In addition, the blanking hole 12 is set in the middle of the slot 11. When the ratio between the diameter B of the blanking hole 12 and the side length A of the slot 11 is less than 1:2.2, the size of the slot 11 is too large, thereby increasing the processing time of the placement platform 10 and increasing the labor intensity of the staff; when the ratio between the diameter B of the blanking hole 12 and the side length A of the slot 11 is greater than 1:1.8, the size of the blanking hole 12 is too large, so that when the staff is punching the raw material 100, the slot 11 is very likely to interfere with the connecting section 31, and the area of ​​the sample is relatively large relative to the area of ​​the raw material 100, so that during the sampling process, the raw material 100 or the sample is very likely to be deformed. Therefore, the ratio between the diameter B of the blanking hole 12 and the side length A of the slot 11 is set between 1:2.2 and 1:1.8, which can reduce the processing time of the placement platform 10 and avoid deformation of the raw material 100 or the sample. Optionally, the ratio between the diameter B of the blanking hole 12 and the side length A of the slot 11 can be set to 1:2.2, 1:1.99 or 1:1.8. In the present application, the ratio between the diameter B of the blanking hole 12 and the side length A of the slot 11 is 1:1.99.

[0048] Furthermore, in the present application, the size of the slot 11 is 9 mm×9 mm, the diameter of the arc-shaped structure at the four corners is 2 mm, and the diameter of the blanking hole 12 is 4.52 mm.

[0049] Moreover, in the present application, an M10 through hole is provided on the cover plate 20 for installing the punching rod 30, the connecting section 31 of the punching rod 30 is a threaded cylinder with a diameter of M10 and a thread height of 50 mm, the diameter of the punching section 32 is 4.5 mm, and the height of the punching section 32 is 5 mm.

[0050] Specifically, in the present application, the above-mentioned sample preparation device is used, the sampling time is generally 1-2s, and sampling can be achieved in the DSC laboratory, shortening the sampling cycle. At the same time, during the sampling process, the temperature of the aluminum alloy plate remains unchanged, avoiding the influence of temperature on the precipitation behavior of the precipitation strengthening phase, thereby making the test results more accurate.

[0051] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0052] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the utility model. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0053] In the description of the present utility model, it needs to be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present utility model; the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0054] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0055] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0056] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A sample preparation device for preparing samples of aluminum alloy plates, characterized in that: The sample preparation device comprises: A placement platform (10), wherein a slot (11) is provided on the placement platform (10), a material drop hole (12) is provided in the middle of the slot (11), the material drop hole (12) is arranged through the placement platform (10), and the slot (11) is used to place the raw material (100); A cover plate (20), the cover plate (20) being detachably connected to the placement platform (10), the cover plate (20) being provided with a guide hole (21), the guide hole (21) being provided corresponding to the blanking hole (12), and the guide hole (21) and the blanking hole (12) being communicated with each other; A punching rod (30) is movably inserted into the guide hole (21), and the punching rod (30) can apply pressure to the raw material (100) on the slot (11). The punching rod (30) cooperates with the blanking hole (12) to produce the sample.

2. The sample preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the middle part of the punching rod (30) is provided with an external thread, the guide hole (21) is provided with an internal thread, and the punching rod (30) is threadedly connected to the guide hole (21).

3. The sample preparation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The punching rod (30) comprises a connecting section (31) and a punching section (32) which are connected to each other, the connecting section (31) is provided with the external thread, the diameter of the punching section (32) is smaller than the diameter of the connecting section (31), and the structure of the punching section (32) is compatible with the structure of the blanking hole (12).

4. The sample preparation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the blanking hole (12) is greater than the sum of the length of the punching section (32) and the thickness of the raw material (100).

5. The sample preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting structure (40) and a rotating structure (50) are provided between the placement platform (10) and the cover plate (20); the cover plate (20) can be rotated relative to the placement platform (10) via the rotating structure (50); and the connecting structure (40) and the rotating structure (50) cooperate to fix the cover plate (20) on the placement platform (10).

6. The sample preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting structure (40) and the rotating structure (50) are respectively arranged on two sides of the slot (11).

7. The sample preparation device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The placing platform (10) is provided with a first connecting hole (41) and a second connecting hole (51), and the cover plate (20) is provided with a third connecting hole (42) and a fourth connecting hole (52). The first connecting hole (41) and the second connecting hole (51) are provided with internal threads, and the third connecting hole (42) and the fourth connecting hole (52) are through holes. The first connecting hole (41) and the third connecting hole (42) are connected by a first fastener (43), and the second connecting hole (51) and the fourth connecting hole (52) are connected by a second fastener (53). The first connecting hole (41), the third connecting hole (42) and the first fastener (43) cooperate to form the connecting structure (40), and the second connecting hole (51), the fourth connecting hole (52) and the second fastener (53) cooperate to form the rotating structure (50).

8. The sample preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dimension of the slot (11) along the vertical direction is set between 0.8 mm and 2.5 mm.

9. The sample preparation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An operating portion (33) is provided at one end of the connecting section (31) away from the punching section (32), and the operating portion (33) is used to cooperate with a tool to drive the punching rod (30) to rotate.

10. The sample preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slot (11) is a square structure, and the ratio between the diameter of the blanking hole (12) and the side length of the slot (11) is set between 1:2.2 and 1:1.8.

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