Suspension bridge anchorage suitable for bridge location of scarp terrain along bridge direction
By adopting an anchor structure combining anti-sliding piles and conical holes at the steep ridge terrain of the suspension bridge, the construction difficulties of traditional anchors on the steep ridge terrain are solved, more efficient anchoring is achieved, and the terrain is reduced and ecological impacts improve construction safety and strength.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420171107.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-01-24
AI Technical Summary
In the steep ridge terrain of the suspension bridge, traditional anchoring forms are difficult to effectively anchor the main cable, resulting in large excavation volume, high cost, long construction period and great damage to the surrounding ecology. The tunnel anchoring cannot be done on the low side of the terrain Implementation.
Using a first anchor including anti-sliding piles and anchors, as well as a second anchor of a conical hole and an anchor, an anti-sliding pile is anchored with a steep cliff wall, an anchor is arranged in the conical hole, and a connecting beam and Protective units such as reinforced mesh and plain concrete improve anchoring strength and safety.
It reduces the impact on steep terrain structures, shortens the construction period, saves costs, improves anchoring strength and construction safety, avoids earth and stone excavation, adapts to the actual terrain, and reduces damage to the surrounding ecology.
Smart Images
Figure CN222251755U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of bridge structures, in particular to an anchorage for a suspension bridge suitable for a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction. Background Art
[0002] A suspension bridge has two main cables running transversely, typically spaced 20 to 40 meters apart. Anchors are crucial anchoring structures for suspension bridges, primarily resisting the immense tensile forces exerted by the two cables. Anchors can be categorized as gravity anchors or tunnel anchors. Gravity anchors rely on their immense weight to resist the main cable tension F, while tunnel anchors have tapered anchor bodies embedded in the bedrock, leveraging the rock's embedded strength to resist the main cable tension F.
[0003] In the existing suspension bridge structure, the two main cables 1 on the same side of the river bank are both gravity anchors 2 or tunnel anchors 3, as shown in the attached manual. Figure 1 However, if the same side of the riverbank encounters steep terrain along the bridge, the traditional anchoring method is not very reasonable. If a gravity anchoring method is used, the excavation volume is very large, the cost is very high, the construction period is long, and it is difficult to obtain the excavated waste. If a tunnel anchoring method is used, the lower side does not have the conditions for tunneling due to the low terrain, and the tunnel anchoring method cannot be implemented. Therefore, a suspension bridge anchoring method suitable for bridge locations with steep terrain along the bridge is urgently needed to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the utility model provides a suspension bridge anchor suitable for a bridge location on a steep slope along the bridge direction, comprising a first anchor for anchoring a first main cable and a second anchor for anchoring a second main cable, the first anchor comprising an anti-slip pile and a first anchor body arranged at the bottom of the steep slope, the anti-slip pile being anchored to the steep cliff wall through a first anchor rod, the first anchor body being connected to the anti-slip pile, the second anchor comprising a conical hole and a second anchor body, the conical hole being arranged in the steep slope, the second anchor body being arranged in the conical hole, and at least one connecting beam being arranged between the first anchor body and the second anchor body.
[0005] Furthermore, the first anchor also includes a protection unit, which includes a steel mesh laid along the steep slope, one end of the steel mesh extends to one side of the anti-slip pile, and the steel mesh is anchored to the steep slope through a second anchor rod.
[0006] Furthermore, plain concrete is sprayed on the steel mesh.
[0007] Furthermore, concrete is cast in situ between the anti-slide pile and the steep cliff wall, and concrete is cast in situ between the first anchor body and the steep cliff wall.
[0008] Furthermore, the connecting beam is a cast-in-place concrete beam, and both ends of the connecting beam are respectively fixedly connected to the first anchor body and the second anchor body.
[0009] Furthermore, the connecting beam is integrally cast with the first anchor body and the second anchor body.
[0010] Furthermore, there are multiple connecting beams, and the multiple connecting beams are arranged at intervals between the first anchor body and the second anchor body.
[0011] Furthermore, the tapered hole includes a second anchor chamber, a first anchor chamber and a guide hole arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the diameter of the second anchor chamber is larger than that of the first anchor chamber, and the second anchor body is located in the first anchor chamber and the second anchor chamber.
[0012] Furthermore, multiple layers of waterproof layers are applied inside the conical hole.
[0013] Furthermore, concrete is poured into the gap between the top surface and the free surface of the conical hole.
[0014] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
[0015] 1) The suspension bridge anchor provided by the utility model has little impact on structures on steep terrain during the excavation construction of the first anchor and the second anchor, avoiding the problem of large-scale excavation when using traditional gravity anchors; the use of the first anchor and the second anchor to anchor the two main cables respectively can better adapt to the actual terrain, avoid large-scale earth and stone excavation, reduce damage to the surrounding ecology, shorten the construction period by more than 6 months, and save costs; a connecting beam is connected between the first anchor body and the second anchor body, which can improve the connection reliability of the first anchor body and the second anchor body and improve the anchor strength.
[0016] 2) The suspension bridge anchor provided by the present invention anchors the anti-slip pile and the steep cliff wall together through the first anchor rod, thereby preventing the anti-slip pile from deforming during construction, and casting the anti-slip pile, the first anchor body and the steep cliff wall together can improve the anchoring strength of the first anchor.
[0017] 3) The suspension bridge anchor provided by the present invention is provided with a protective unit on the steep slope above the first anchor, which can prevent the soft soil and rock layer on the steep slope from rolling down and hitting the first anchor body located at a lower position during construction, thereby ensuring safety during construction and use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.
[0019] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a suspension bridge in the prior art;
[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the suspension bridge anchor provided by the utility model;
[0021] Figure 3 A plan layout of the anchorage of the suspension bridge provided by the present utility model;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a side view of the suspension bridge anchorage provided by the utility model.
[0023] 1-main cable; 1a-first main cable; 1b-second main cable; 2-gravity anchor; 3-tunnel anchor; 4-first anchor; 41-anti-slip pile; 42-first anchor body; 43-first anchor rod; 44-steel mesh; 45-second anchor rod; 5-second anchor; 51-conical hole; 511-guide hole; 512-first anchor chamber; 513-second anchor chamber; 52-second anchor body; 6-connecting beam; 7-rock; 8-soft soil layer; 9-original geological stratum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of some parts may be exaggerated for clarity.
[0025] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0026] In the description of the present invention, the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", "center", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and other orientations or positional relationships are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.
[0027] Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used solely to distinguish between the features in the description and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Furthermore, features designated as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0028] As the instruction manual Figure 2-4 As shown, the utility model provides a suspension bridge anchorage suitable for a bridge location on a steep slope along the bridge direction, comprising a first anchorage 4 for anchoring a first main cable 1a and a second anchorage 5 for anchoring a second main cable 1b, wherein the first anchorage 4 comprises an anti-slip pile 41 and a first anchor body 42 arranged at the bottom of the steep slope, the anti-slip pile 41 being anchored to the steep cliff wall through a first anchor rod 43, the first anchor body 42 being connected to the anti-slip pile 41, the second anchorage 5 comprises a conical hole 51 and a second anchor body 52, the conical hole 51 being arranged in the steep slope, the second anchor body 52 being arranged in the conical hole 51, and at least one connecting beam 6 being arranged between the first anchor body 42 and the second anchor body 52.
[0029] Specifically, the suspension bridge anchorage of the present application is suitable for the main cable anchorage of a suspension bridge located at a bridge site along a steep slope. According to the terrain, a first anchorage 4 is set on the original geological stratum 9 on the lower side of the terrain. The specific construction process is to first drive in anti-slip piles 41 to resist the collapse and sliding force of the high slope toward the lower side of the terrain. Under the protection of the anti-slip piles 41, the steep slope is ensured to be stable and not deformed, and the stability of the structures on the slope is not affected. After the construction of the anti-slip piles 41 is completed, earthwork is excavated at the foot of the steep slope. After the excavation of earthwork is completed and fresh high-strength rock 7 is exposed, a first anchor rod 43 is driven into the anti-slip piles 41 to firmly anchor the anti-slip piles 41 and the steep cliff wall together, thereby preventing the anti-slip piles 41 from deforming during construction and ensuring the strength of the first anchorage 4.
[0030] Preferably, the first anchor rod 43 is a prestressed anchor rod, and each anti-slip pile 41 is provided with a plurality of first anchor rods 43 .
[0031] Preferably, the second anchor 5 is set on the side with higher terrain. A conical hole 51 is excavated on the higher terrain, and the second anchor body 52 is constructed inside the conical hole 51. Because the top and side coverings of the conical hole 51 are relatively thin, rainwater can easily penetrate. During the construction process, cracks in the conical hole 51 are sealed with grouting, and then multiple layers of waterproofing are applied inside the conical hole 51 to ensure the strength and waterproof performance of the conical hole.
[0032] In an optimized implementation manner, the connecting beam 6 is a cast-in-place concrete beam, and both ends of the connecting beam 6 are respectively fixedly connected to the first anchor body 42 and the second anchor body 52.
[0033] Preferably, the construction process of the connecting beam 6 is to excavate holes in the steep slope towards the conical hole 51. The holes can be rectangular holes, circular holes, etc., and one hole is excavated at intervals along the bridge direction.
[0034] As one of the specific implementation methods, a 4m×4m rectangular hole is excavated every 20m along the longitudinal direction of the bridge for casting the connecting beam 6; preferably, the tapered hole 51 is connected to the rectangular hole, so that the connecting beam 6 is fixedly connected to the second anchor body 52.
[0035] Preferably, a second anchor body 52, preferably a conical anchor body, is cast in the tapered hole 51. The anchor head of the second main cable 1b is then anchored to the second anchor body 52, with the embedding effect between the second anchor body 52 and the mountain resisting the tension F of the second main cable. Concrete is poured in the rectangular hole to form a coordinated deformation tie beam of anchor bodies on both sides, resulting in a connecting beam 6. After the connecting beam 6 is cast, the first anchor body 42 is cast, and the first and second anchor bodies 42 are fastened together via the connecting beam 6. Preferably, concrete is cast in-situ between the anti-slip pile 41 and the steep cliff wall, and between the first anchor body 42 and the steep cliff wall. The first anchor body 42 and the anti-slip pile 41 are cast together with the high slope, and the anchor head of the first main cable 1a is anchored to the first anchor body 42. The gravity of the large volume of concrete in the first anchor body 42 resists the tension F of the first main cable 1a.
[0036] Preferably, in order to avoid inconsistent deformation of the first main cable 1a and the second main cable 1b, which would cause the entire bridge to twist, the first anchor body 42 and the second anchor body 52 can be deformed symmetrically and in a coordinated manner by providing the anchor body connecting beams 6 on both sides.
[0037] In an optimized implementation method, the connecting beam 6 is cast integrally with the first anchor body 42 and the second anchor body 52. During the construction process, the first anchor body 42, the connecting beam 6 and the second anchor body 52 are cast together to form a whole, thereby improving the strength of the suspension bridge anchorage.
[0038] In an optimized implementation manner, there are multiple connecting beams 6 , and the multiple connecting beams 6 are spaced apart between the first anchor body 42 and the second anchor body 52 . Of course, the number and position of the connecting beams 6 are set according to actual needs.
[0039] In an optimized implementation method, the first anchor 4 is set on the side with lower terrain. In order to avoid safety hazards caused by earth collapse, the first anchor 4 also includes a protection unit. The protection unit includes a steel mesh 44 laid along the steep slope. One end of the steel mesh 44 extends to one side of the anti-slip pile 41. The steel mesh 44 is anchored to the steep slope through a second anchor rod 45.
[0040] In an optimized embodiment, plain concrete is sprayed onto the steel mesh 44 .
[0041] As one of the specific implementation methods, before the construction of the first anchor 4, the steep slope surface is first treated, the soft soil layer 8 on the steep slope surface is excavated, and the gaps on the steep slope surface after clearing the surface are grouting and sealed. After the gaps are sealed, a steel mesh 44 is laid on the steep slope surface and plain concrete is sprayed. After the surface is treated, holes are drilled and the second anchor rod 45 is inserted to ensure that the steep slope surface is absolutely closed to prevent the rock layer from weathering and loosening, and the loose stones from rolling down and hitting the first anchor body 42 and causing damage.
[0042] Preferably, the second anchor rod 45 is a prestressed anchor rod.
[0043] In an optimized embodiment, the tapered hole 51 includes, from bottom to top, a second anchor chamber 513, a first anchor chamber 512, and a guide hole 511 for guidance. The second anchor body 52 is located within the first anchor chamber 512 and the second anchor chamber 513. The diameter of the second anchor chamber 513 is larger than that of the first anchor chamber 512, and the diameter of the second anchor chamber 513 gradually increases from top to bottom. The anchor head of the second main cable 1b extends into the second anchor chamber 513 and is anchored to the second anchor body 52.
[0044] As one of the specific implementation methods, the second anchor 5 is set on the side with higher terrain. Since the hill where the second anchor 5 is located is often shorter in steep terrain, the covering layer of the second anchor 5 is thinner. Moreover, since the steep terrain is close to the air-facing surface, the upper part of the second anchor 5 and the side wrapping layer with lower terrain are both thinner. To ensure the embedding force of the hilltop rock layer on the second anchor 5, it is necessary to ensure that the rock mass above and on the sides is hard, complete and not weathered. Therefore, all gaps on the top surface and the air-facing surface need to be grouted and sealed, and a layer of steel mesh is laid and then plain concrete is sprayed to protect the surface of the rock layer.
[0045] As the instruction manual Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of the force of the first anchor 5. The first anchor body 42 is not only subjected to the tension F of the first main cable 1a along the bridge direction, but also subjected to the tension F 顺 , and is also subject to the long-term thrust of the high and steep slope toward the lower side F横 Finally, the sliding force on the first anchor 4 is F 顺 and F 横 The resultant force F 合 , The first anchor 4 anti-slip must meet Gμ≥1.3F 合 , where G is the gravity of the first anchor, μ is the friction between the first anchor and the ground, the sliding trend of the first anchor 4 is no longer along the bridge direction, but at a certain angle to the bridge direction. The traditional gravity anchor is set with the anti-slip teeth cut perpendicular to the bridge direction, that is, perpendicular to F 顺 In order to more effectively exert the anti-slip ability of the tooth cutter, the tooth cutter of the first anchor anchoring system in this application is vertical to F 合 Direction settings.
[0046] Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
[0047] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be implemented in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Although embodiments of the present invention have been described, it should be understood that the present invention should not be limited to these embodiments, and those skilled in the art may make changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. An anchorage for a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction, comprising a first anchorage for anchoring a first main cable and a second anchorage for anchoring a second main cable, characterized in that: The first anchor includes an anti-slip pile and a first anchor body arranged at the bottom of the steep slope, the anti-slip pile is anchored to the steep cliff wall through a first anchor rod, the first anchor body is connected to the anti-slip pile, the second anchor includes a conical hole and a second anchor body, the conical hole is arranged in the steep slope, the second anchor body is arranged in the conical hole, and at least one connecting beam is arranged between the first anchor body and the second anchor body.
2. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first anchor also includes a protection unit, which includes a steel mesh laid along the steep slope, one end of the steel mesh extends to one side of the anti-sliding pile, and the steel mesh is anchored to the steep slope through a second anchor rod.
3. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 2, characterized in that: Plain concrete is sprayed on the steel mesh.
4. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is cast-in-place concrete between the anti-slide pile and the steep cliff wall, and there is cast-in-place concrete between the first anchor body and the steep cliff wall.
5. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting beam is a cast-in-place concrete beam, and both ends of the connecting beam are respectively fixedly connected to the first anchor body and the second anchor body.
6. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting beam is integrally cast with the first anchor body and the second anchor body.
7. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple connecting beams, and the multiple connecting beams are arranged between the first anchor body and the second anchor body at intervals.
8. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tapered hole comprises a second anchor chamber, a first anchor chamber and a guide hole which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the diameter of the second anchor chamber is larger than the diameter of the first anchor chamber, and the second anchor body is located in the first anchor chamber and the second anchor chamber.
9. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple layers of waterproof layers are coated in the conical hole.
10. The anchorage of a suspension bridge suitable for use at a bridge location on a steep terrain along the bridge direction according to claim 1, characterized in that: Concrete is poured into the gap between the top surface and the free surface of the conical hole.