Battery module and electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a battery module and an electric vehicle. The battery module comprises a lithium ion battery core stack, air vents on each battery core of the lithium ion battery core stack, at least one channel communicated with the air vents from the lithium ion battery core stack, and multiple covering layers. The electric vehicle includes a vehicle chassis, a plurality of wheels coupled to the vehicle chassis, and a battery module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to materials, systems and methods for preventing or mitigating thermal events (e.g., thermal runaway issues) in energy storage systems. In particular, the present disclosure provides thermal barrier materials. The present disclosure also relates to a battery module or battery pack having one or more battery cells including thermal barrier materials, and a system including such a battery module or battery pack. The described embodiments may generally include aerogel materials. Background Art

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used to power portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, power tools, and other high-current devices such as electric vehicles because they have high operating voltage, low memory effect, and high energy density compared to conventional batteries. However, safety is an issue because LIBs are susceptible to catastrophic failure under "abuse conditions" such as when rechargeable batteries are overcharged (charged to above the design voltage), over-discharged, operated at or exposed to high temperatures and voltages.

[0003] To prevent such cascading thermal runaway events from occurring, effective isolation and heat dissipation strategies are needed to address these and other technical challenges of Li-ion batteries. Utility Model Content

[0004] The following description and drawings fully set forth specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can practice accordingly. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electronic, processing method and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in portions and features of other embodiments, or may replace portions and features of other embodiments. The embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims. In the detailed description below, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description and in which specific examples in which the present disclosure may be practiced are shown by way of illustration. It should be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0005] The present disclosure relates to a battery cell (e.g., lithium-ion battery cell) stack (e.g., battery module or battery pack) having a channel designed to guide ejecta (e.g., exhaust gas or particles) from the battery cell during a thermal runaway event. The channel is formed in multiple covering layers on the battery cell stack. The channel guides thermal runaway ejecta away from mechanically weaker portions of the battery cell (e.g., vents) and away from the battery cell stack, thereby minimizing damage to the battery cell stack caused by the ejecta.

[0006] In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers of the battery pack include a first layer that includes holes (e.g., vents) aligned with the mechanically weaker portions of the battery core to contain thermal runaway ejecta. The first layer may also include holes for accommodating the battery cell terminals so that the first layer is coplanar with the battery cell terminals. In this compact form, the first layer occupies the same plane as the battery cell terminals rather than occupying additional space on the battery cell terminals. This configuration effectively utilizes the limited space on the battery core stack in the battery pack or module. The first layer can be an insulating layer, an elastic layer, a rigid layer, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the first layer can be an aerogel layer to prevent heat from being transferred from the battery cell experiencing thermal runaway to other battery cells in the battery pack that are not experiencing thermal runaway.

[0007] In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers further include a second layer; the second layer includes a channel space for guiding the thermal runaway ejecta. The channel space in the second layer is aligned with the holes in the first layer. The alignment between the channel space in the second layer and the vent hole in the first layer guides the thermal runaway ejecta through the channel space and away from the battery core stack. The second layer may also include holes aligned with the battery cell terminals in a manner similar to the first layer. The second layer can be an insulating layer, an elastic layer, or a rigid layer. In one embodiment, the second layer can be a foam layer to provide elasticity (e.g., reversible compressibility) to the battery housing that encapsulates the battery core stack.

[0008] In one embodiment, the channel space of the second layer comprises a tube sized and arranged in the channel space. The tube in the channel space is disposed in the second layer and protected by the second layer. When the second layer is an elastic layer, the tube can also be protected from mechanical damage. The tube also enhances the protection of the battery core from the impact of thermal runaway ejecta, especially from damage caused by bombardment of thermal runaway ejecta. The channel can be selected from, but not limited to, a mica tube, a stainless steel tube, or an aluminum tube.

[0009] In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers further include a third layer without holes and without channel space. The third layer can act as a barrier to prevent thermal runaway ejecta from damaging components near the battery core stack, such as a passenger compartment in an electric vehicle. In one embodiment, the third layer can be a rigid layer selected from aerogel plates, mica plates, stainless steel plates, titanium alloy plates, titanium plates, or any other rigid layer that resists damage from thermal runaway ejecta (and reduces the spread of thermal runaway ejecta).

[0010] In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers further include a fourth layer. The fourth layer may add an additional layer of protection between the channel and the electronic devices of the battery core stack. The electronic devices may include, but are not limited to, bus bars, electrical connectors, wires, sensors, and battery management circuits. The fourth layer may be disposed between the first and second layers or between the second and third layers, such that the fourth layer isolates the electronic devices from the ventilation channel. In other words, the fourth layer is disposed between the electronic devices and the ventilation channel. The fourth layer may be an insulating layer, an elastic layer, or a rigid layer. In one embodiment, the fourth layer may be the same aerogel layer as the first layer.

[0011] In one embodiment, the battery core stack is encapsulated in a housing and a housing cover. Multiple covering layers of the battery core stack may be disposed between the battery core stack and the housing cover or between the battery core stack and the wall (e.g., side wall) of the housing. The channel space in the multiple covering layers directs the thermal runaway ejecta to the outside of the housing. In some embodiments, the channel may direct the thermal runaway ejecta to the side or bottom of the housing, or in any direction that may reduce or minimize the exposure of sensitive components (such as electronic devices, battery management circuits, integrated circuits) to thermal runaway ejecta and their associated destructive effects.

[0012] In one embodiment, more than one battery core stack may be placed in one housing. More than one battery core stack may share one or more of the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer. In one embodiment, more than one battery core stack may each have a first layer and a second layer while sharing the third layer and the fourth layer. Thermal runaway ejecta may be fed through the channels of more than one battery core stack to the trunk in the housing, directing it to the outside of the housing.

[0013] The materials used in the multiple covering layers described below, such as insulating materials in the insulating layer, rigid materials in the rigid layer, elastic materials in the elastic layer, etc., as described in the various embodiments below, can be used in a battery module to divide a single battery cell or battery cell group in a battery device. In the present disclosure, multiple battery cells coupled together are referred to as a battery module. However, the described apparatus and method can be used in any type of multi-battery cell arrangement that can be referred to as a battery pack, a battery system, etc.

[0014] Insulating materials, as described below, may be used as the sole heat-resistant layer, or in combination with other layers to provide additional functionality to multi-layer constructions, such as mechanical strength, compressibility, heat dissipation / conduction, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1A An isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0016] Figure 1B Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0017] Figure 2A Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0018] Figure 2B A cross-sectional view of a battery module according to some embodiments is shown.

[0019] Figure 2C Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0020] Figure 3A Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0021] Figure 3B Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0022] Figure 4A Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0023] Figure 4B Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0024] Figure 5A Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0025] Figure 5B Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0026] Figure 6 Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0027] Figure 7 Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0028] Fig. 8A Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0029] Figure 8B Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0030] Fig. 9 Another isometric view of a battery module is shown according to some embodiments.

[0031] Fig. 10A Shown are side and top views of a battery module according to some embodiments.

[0032] Fig. 10B Another top view of a battery module according to some embodiments is shown.

[0033] Fig.11A method of constructing a battery module according to some embodiments is shown.

[0034] Fig.12 An electronic device according to some embodiments is shown.

[0035] Fig.13 An electric vehicle is shown according to some embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Insulation material

[0037] The insulation layers described herein are responsible for reliably containing and controlling heat flow from heat generating components in confined spaces and provide safety and flame propagation prevention for such products in the fields of electronics, industrial and automotive technology. In many embodiments of the present disclosure, the insulation layers described herein can be used as flame / fire deflection layers alone or in combination with other materials that can enhance the containment and control of heat flow performance. In one embodiment, the insulation layer itself can be flame and / or hot gas resistant and also includes entrained particulate materials or other types of additives or layers that can change or enhance thermal containment and control.

[0038] One embodiment of the high efficiency insulation layer comprises aerogel. Aerogel describes a class of materials based on their structure, i.e., low density, open pore structure, large surface area (typically 900 m 2 / g or higher) and sub-nanometer pore size. The pores can be filled with a gas such as air. Aerogels can be distinguished from other porous materials by their physical and structural properties. Although aerogel materials are exemplary insulating materials, the present invention is not limited thereto. Other insulating material layers may also be used in various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] Selected embodiments of aerogel formation and properties are described below. In some embodiments, the precursor material is gelled to form a network of pores filled with a solvent. The solvent is then extracted, leaving a porous matrix. A variety of different aerogel compositions are known, which can be inorganic, organic, and inorganic / organic hybrids. Inorganic aerogels are typically based on metal alkoxides and include materials such as silicon dioxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, and other oxides. Organic aerogels include, but are not limited to, urethane aerogels, resorcinol formaldehyde aerogels, and polyimide aerogels.

[0040] Inorganic aerogels can be made of metal oxide or metal alkoxide materials. Metal oxide or metal alkoxide materials can be oxides or alkoxides based on any metal that can form an oxide. Such metals include, but are not limited to, silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, yttrium, vanadium, cerium, etc. Traditionally, inorganic silica aerogels are made by hydrolysis and condensation of silica-based alkoxides (e.g., tetraethoxysilane), or by gelation of silicic acid or water glass. Other relevant inorganic precursor materials for synthesizing silica-based aerogels include, but are not limited to, metal silicates (such as sodium silicate or potassium silicate), alkoxysilanes, partially hydrolyzed alkoxysilanes, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), partially hydrolyzed TEOS, condensation polymers of TEOS, tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), partially hydrolyzed TMOS, condensation polymers of TMOS, tetra-n-propoxysilane, partially hydrolyzed tetra-n-propoxysilane and / or tetra-n-propoxysilane condensation polymers, polyethyl silicate, partially hydrolyzed polyethyl silicate, monomeric alkylalkoxysilanes, bistrialkoxyalkyl or aryl silanes, polyhedral silsesquioxanes, or combinations thereof.

[0041] In certain examples of the present disclosure, pre-hydrolyzed TEOS (e.g., Silbond H-5 (SBH5, Silbond Corporation) hydrolyzed at a water / silica ratio of about 1.9 to 2 may be used as commercially available, or may be further hydrolyzed prior to introduction into the gelation process. Partially hydrolyzed TEOS or TMOS, such as polyethyl silicate (Silbond 40) or polymethyl silicate, may also be used as commercially available, or may be further hydrolyzed prior to introduction into the gelation process.

[0042] Inorganic aerogels may also include gel precursors containing at least one hydrophobic group, such as alkyl metal alkoxides, cycloalkyl metal alkoxides, and aryl metal alkoxides, which can impart or improve certain properties in the gel, such as stability and hydrophobicity. Inorganic silica aerogels may specifically include hydrophobic precursors, such as alkyl silanes or aryl silanes. Hydrophobic gel precursors can be used as the main precursor material to form the framework of the gel material. However, hydrophobic gel precursors are more often used as co-precursors in combination with simple metal alkoxides in the formation of hybrid aerogels. Hydrophobic inorganic precursor materials for the synthesis of silica-based aerogels include, but are not limited to, trimethylmethoxysilane (TMS), dimethyldimethoxysilane (DMS), methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), trimethylethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDS), methyltriethoxysilane (MTES), ethyltriethoxysilane (ETES), diethyldiethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES), ethyltriethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, propyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES), hexamethyldisilazane, and hexaethyldisilazane, etc. Any derivative of any of the above precursors may be used, and certain polymers with other chemical groups may be specifically added or such polymers may be cross-linked to one or more of the above precursors.

[0043] Organic aerogels are generally composed of carbon-based polymer precursors. Such polymer materials include, but are not limited to, resorcinol formaldehyde (RF), polyimide, polyacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, acrylate oligomers, polyoxyalkylenes, polyurethanes, polyphenols, polybutadiene, trialkoxysilyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyfurfural, melamine-formaldehyde, cresol formaldehyde, phenol-furfural, polyethers, polyols, polyisocyanates, polyhydroxybenzenes, polyvinyl alcohol dialdehydes, polycyanurates, polyacrylamides, various epoxy resins, agar, agarose, chitosan, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, organic RF aerogels are generally made by sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol or melamine with formaldehyde under alkaline conditions.

[0044] Organic / inorganic hybrid aerogels are primarily composed of organically modified silica ("ormosil") aerogels. Such organically modified silica materials include an organic component covalently bonded to a silica network. Organically modified silica is typically formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of an organically modified silane R-Si(OX)3 with a conventional alkoxide precursor Y(OX)4. In such formulas, X may represent groups such as CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H9; Y may represent groups such as Si, Ti, Zr, or Al; and R may be any organic fragment such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, methacrylate, acrylate, vinyl, epoxide, and the like. The organic component in the organically modified silica aerogel may also be dispersed throughout or chemically bonded to the silica network.

[0045] Aerogels can be constructed from flexible gel precursors. Various flexible layers, including flexible fiber-reinforced aerogels, can be easily combined and shaped to obtain preforms that, when mechanically compressed along one or more axes, produce a compressively strong body along any axis.

[0046] One method of forming aerogels includes batch casting. Batch casting involves catalyzing a complete volume of sol to cause the entire volume to gel simultaneously. Gel formation techniques include adjusting the pH and / or temperature of the dilute metal oxide sol to a point where gelation occurs. Suitable materials for forming inorganic aerogels include oxides of most metals that can form oxides, such as oxides of silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, yttrium, vanadium, etc. Gels composed primarily of alcohol solutions of hydrolyzed silicates (alcogels) are particularly preferred because of their ease of acquisition and low cost. Organic aerogels can also be made from melamine formaldehyde, resorcinol formaldehyde, etc.

[0047] In one embodiment, the aerogel material can be monolithic or continuous in an integral structure or layer. In other embodiments, the aerogel material can include a composite aerogel material having aerogel particles mixed with a binder. Other additives can be included in the composite aerogel material, including but not limited to surfactants that help disperse the aerogel particles in the binder. The composite aerogel slurry can be applied to a support plate, such as a mesh fabric, felt, net, etc., and then dried to form a composite aerogel structure.

[0048] As mentioned above, aerogel can be organic, inorganic or a mixture thereof. In some embodiments, aerogel comprises a silica-based aerogel. One or more layers of thermal barriers may include a reinforcement. The reinforcement can be any material that provides elasticity, compliance or structural stability for the aerogel material. The embodiment of the reinforcement includes but is not limited to open-cell macroporous framework reinforcement, closed-cell macroporous framework reinforcement, open-cell membrane, honeycomb reinforcement, polymer reinforcement and fiber reinforcement, such as discrete fibers, woven materials, nonwoven materials, needle-punched nonwoven materials, cotton wool, net, mat and felt.

[0049] Reinforcement material can be selected from organic polymer-based fibers, inorganic fibers, carbon-based fibers or combinations thereof. In many embodiments, the inorganic fibers are selected from glass fibers, rock fibers, metal fibers, boron fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, reinforcement material can include a reinforcement material containing multiple material layers.

[0050] Rigid layer material

[0051] In addition to the thermal insulation layer, the rigid layer combined with the thermal insulation layer can effectively protect components adjacent to the battery core stack (e.g., the passenger compartment in an electric vehicle) in a thermal runaway event. The rigid layer can effectively protect components of the battery and its related electronic devices from bombardment of particles in the thermal runaway ejecta. Rigid material embodiments for the rigid layer include, but are not limited to, carbon fiber, graphite, silicon carbide, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, other metals, titanium alloys, other metal alloys, and combinations thereof.

[0052] The additional function of the rigid layer is to direct the unwanted heat to a desired external location, such as an external heat sink, heat dissipation housing or other external structure to dissipate the unwanted heat to the external ambient air or other heat dissipation location (such as a heat exchanger, radiator). The heat dissipation function is particularly prominent when the rigid layer is a rigid metal plate. In one embodiment, one or more thermally conductive layers help dissipate heat from local heat loads within the battery module or battery pack.

[0053] In at least one instance, the thermally conductive layer is coupled to a heat sink to help spread and remove heat. In the present disclosure, various heat sink types and configurations and different techniques for coupling the heat sink to the thermally conductive layer are all covered. The present disclosure is not limited to the use of any one type of heat sink / coupling technology. In one embodiment, at least one thermally conductive layer of the multilayer material disclosed herein may be thermally connected to an element of a cooling system of a battery module or battery pack, such as a cooling plate or cooling channel of a cooling system. In another embodiment, at least one thermally conductive layer may be thermally connected to other elements of a battery pack, battery module, or battery system that may act as a heat sink (such as the wall of a battery pack, module, or system), or to other multilayer materials disposed between battery cores. The thermal connection between the thermally conductive layer and the heat sink element in the battery system allows excess heat to be removed from one or more battery cores adjacent to the multilayer material to the heat sink, thereby reducing the impact, severity, or propagation of thermal events that may generate excess heat. In addition to removing heat, the thermally conductive layer may also spread or dissipate heat from a high heat concentration area to a low heat concentration area.

[0054] Elastic layer material

[0055] In addition to the insulation layer and the rigid layer, the multiple covering layers may also include one or more elastic layers to accommodate channels for ventilation. In some embodiments, a tube may be disposed within the channel. The tube may also contain and redirect thermal runaway ejecta away from sensitive portions of the battery pack. The elastic layer also regulates mechanical stresses applied to the battery module or battery pack under operating or improper use conditions. In one embodiment, the elastic layer may absorb mechanical stress and strain (e.g., based on an elastic modulus of less than 1 GPa, less than 100 MPa), thereby preventing mechanical stress from damaging the tube and / or the battery pack.

[0056] The elastic layer material may include, but is not limited to, foam, fiber, fabric, sponge, spring structure, rubber, polymer, etc. In one embodiment, the elastic material layer includes an aerogel layer, such as an integrated aerogel layer, an aerogel plate, an aerogel blanket, a fiber-reinforced aerogel blanket, other aerogel layers, and combinations thereof. Additional elastic layers may be disposed near the battery core or between the battery cores. In one embodiment, during normal operation, the elastic layer absorbs any volume expansion of one or more battery cores. In one embodiment, during charging, the battery core may expand, and during discharge, the battery core may shrink. In one embodiment, the elastic layer may also absorb permanent volume expansion caused by any battery core degradation and / or thermal runaway. In one embodiment, the elastic layer may be compressed to 5% to 95%, 10% to 90%, 30% to 90%, 40% to 85%, 60% to 80%, or any percentage range of its original thickness described herein.

[0057] Multiple overlays and selectable channels

[0058] Figure 1A A battery module 100 is shown including channels defined by one or more cover layers. The channels in the cover layers direct thermal runaway ejecta away from the battery module, thereby protecting the battery module components from damage.

[0059] Figure 1A An embodiment of a battery module 100 is shown. The battery module 100 further includes a battery core stack 102, a plurality of cover layers 110, and the plurality of cover layers 110 includes one or more first layers 116, second layers 114, and / or third layers 112. Each cover layer is described in detail below.

[0060] In one embodiment, the battery cell stack 102 includes individual lithium-ion battery cells 102A, 102B, 102C, 102D (collectively referred to as the battery cell stack 102). The lithium-ion battery cells 102 may have several configurations. In one embodiment, the lithium-ion battery cell stack 102 includes lithium-ion soft-pack batteries or lithium-ion square batteries, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Figure 1A The batteries 102 in the embodiment each include an electrical terminal 104 .

[0061] exist Figure 1A In an embodiment, each battery cell 102A, 102B, 102C, 102D in the battery cell stack 102 includes a vent 106. In the event of thermal runaway of a given battery cell 102 or multiple battery cells in the battery cell stack 102, the vent 106 will direct hot gases and flames away from the battery cell 102. Ideally, it will direct (and discharge to the outside) any hot gases and flames away from the battery cell stack 102 and any sensitive control components (e.g., the side direction of the battery module) and to a safe location (e.g., away from the passenger cabin).

[0062] exist Figure 1A In an embodiment, a lithium-ion battery core stack includes multiple covering layers 110 on one side, the battery core stack including an electrical terminal 104. The first layer 116, the second layer 114, and the third layer 112 are stacked together over the battery core 102 and the associated vent 106. The closed channel 118 is formed by the combination of the individual layers such as the first layer 116, the second layer 114, and the third layer 112. The channel 118 is aligned with the space / hole in one or more adjacent layers.

[0063] The first layer 116 of the multiple cover layers 110 is shown having holes 117 to accommodate the terminals 104 corresponding to the battery cells 102A-102D of the battery cell stack 102. The first layer 116 also defines vent holes 107. The vent holes 107 align with corresponding vents 106 of the battery cells in the battery cell stack 102.

[0064] The second layer 114 of the multiple cover layers 110 is shown to include holes 115 to correspond to and accommodate the terminals 104. A channel 118 is defined in the second layer 114. The channel 118 is aligned with the vent 106 and the vent hole 107.

[0065] The third layer 112 is shown as being continuous (ie, not defining or otherwise including holes). The third layer 112 is used to protect components above the battery module 100 (the passenger compartment) during abnormal conditions such as thermal runaway.

[0066] In one embodiment, the first layer 116, the second layer 114, and the third layer 112 of the multiple cover layers 110 may be made of the same material. In one embodiment, the multiple layers of the multiple cover layers 110 include more than one material for different layers. The layer adjacent to the channel 118 should be an insulating layer to facilitate the drainage of hot gases and flames and prevent the layer (e.g., the second layer 114) itself from being damaged by exposure to thermal runaway ejecta. In one embodiment, one or more layers of the multiple cover layers 110 include an aerogel layer. Other layers may include structural materials such as polymers, stainless steel, etc. In one embodiment, the structural material provides sufficient rigidity to withstand operating stresses without deformation. An example of a heat-resistant layer includes a mica-containing layer. It may include an elastic material layer to better accommodate packaging in a subsequent battery housing (not shown). In one embodiment, the first layer 116 is an aerogel blanket, the second layer 114 is a foam material, and the third layer 112 is a mica board. In one embodiment, the first layer 116 is an aerogel blanket, the second layer 114 is a foam material, and the third layer 112 is an aerogel sheet.

[0067] In one embodiment, layers 114 and 116 are aerogel layers and layer 112 is a rigid layer including a structural material. Although three layers 116, 114, 112 are shown as components of the multiple cover layer 110, the present invention is not limited thereto. In other embodiments of the multiple cover layer 110, less than or more than three layers are included. The layers of the multiple cover layer 110 can be connected by, for example, gluing, sewing, adhesive bonding, hot pressing, etc. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the multiple cover layer 110 fills the vertical space created by the terminal 104, thereby using the originally empty space between the top of the battery cell 102 and the top of the terminal 104.

[0068] In some embodiments, the multiple cover layers 110 are configured to define channels 118 configured to receive exhaust gas from the vents 106 (oriented along the venting direction). In some embodiments, the channels 118 are oriented in the channel direction (e.g., the X direction). Figure 1ASimilar to the venting direction of the vent 106 shown in FIG. 1 , the channel 118 and its corresponding channel direction (e.g., X direction) can be oriented to direct thermal runaway ejecta away from the passenger compartment, sensitive electronic devices, flammable components (e.g., rubber hoses), or other components of the vehicle that would otherwise be damaged by exposure to thermal runaway ejecta. In some embodiments, the channel direction (e.g., X direction) is substantially perpendicular to the venting direction (e.g., X direction). Figure 2B ), but the present invention is not limited thereto. Figure 1A The battery module including the channel 118 described in the embodiment, and other embodiments described below, can be installed in any number of battery modules in a device such as an electric vehicle in a desired direction, and any exhaust gas can be directed away from unwanted areas, thereby providing more direction and location options for electric vehicle designers. Although electric vehicles are used as an embodiment, the utility model is not limited thereto. Redirecting exhaust gas and flames can also be applied to other battery-powered electronic devices.

[0069] Figure 1B show Figure 1A A variation of the exemplary battery module described in . Figure 1B In, as mentioned above Figure 1A The channels 118 formed by adjacent layers in the battery module are filled with sacrificial material 120. The sacrificial material 120 is used as a gap filler during normal operation of the battery module. The sacrificial material 120 can burn with exhaust gas and flame. The sacrificial material layer can have a low heat of combustion. The sacrificial material 120 can include polymers, foams, fibers, other suitable materials that burn with a low heat of combustion, and combinations thereof.

[0070] Add sacrificial material 120 to Figure 1A The exemplary configuration shown in provides advantages such as keeping the channel 118 sealed until a venting event occurs. One benefit of sealing the channel 118 is that dust or debris is kept out of the channel, the vent 106, and therefore out of the battery pack and battery stack interior.

[0071] Figure 1A Another advantage of the features shown, related to the presence of the sacrificial material 120, includes helping the channel 118 maintain its shape within the multiple cover layers 110 until a thermal runaway event occurs. In one embodiment, one or more of the multiple cover layers 110 include an aerogel material. While some aerogel materials are highly thermally insulating, they can be fragile. In one embodiment, in the event of venting or thermal runaway, the sacrificial material 120 burns with no or limited residue and heat generation. In an alternative embodiment, the sacrificial material 120 absorbs heat when it burns in the event of venting or thermal runaway. The inclusion of the sacrificial material 120 will help maintain the integrity of the aerogel layer until a venting event occurs.

[0072] Multiple coverings, channels and tubes

[0073] Figure 2A An exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a battery module 200 is shown, the battery module 200 including a tube disposed within a channel defined by multiple covering layers. In one embodiment, the tube is a separate component from the multiple covering layers. The tube provides protection to the battery module beyond the protection provided by the above examples. In some embodiments, the structure of the tube further restricts and directs thermal runaway ejecta away from the battery components beyond the restriction and direction provided by the channel alone. For example, the use of the tube can prevent ejecta from penetrating gaps between layers of the battery core stack and / or corroding portions of the layers exposed to the ejecta.

[0074] Figure 2A The battery module 200 shown includes a battery cell stack 202 composed of battery cells 202A, 202B, 202C, 202D, and a multiple cover layer 210 including a first layer 216, a second layer 214, and a third layer 212. The battery module 200 also includes a tube 220.

[0075] Figure 2A The battery cells 202A, 202B, 202C, and 202D (collectively referred to as 202A-202D) in the embodiment are similar to those described above. As shown and described above, the battery cells 202A-202D may each include a set of electrical terminals 204. In addition, one or more of the battery cells 202A-202D may individually include a vent 206. The above description of the vent applies to the vent 206.

[0076] The multiple cover layers 210 include one or more cover layers, each of which can be selected for one or more protective functions. In the illustrated battery module 200, the multiple cover layers 210 include three cover layers: a first layer 216, a second layer 214, and a third layer 212, each of which is described in detail below.

[0077] In some embodiments, the multiple cover layers 210 are disposed on and / or over a side of the lithium ion battery cells 202A-202D that includes the electrical terminals 204. In some embodiments, to minimize the space occupied by the multiple cover layers 210 and / or to reduce the gap between the first layer 216 and the top surface of the battery cells 202A-202D, the first layer 216 can define a hole 217 to accommodate the terminal 204. In this way, the first layer 216 can contact the top surface of the battery cells 202A-202D adjacent to and facing the first layer 216.

[0078] Figure 2A The first layer 216 shown includes vents 207. In some embodiments, the vents 207 of the first layer 216 are aligned with the vents 206 of the battery cells 202A-202D. In this way, similar to the above Figure 2B In the embodiments described herein, the vent 207 and the vent 206 communicate to form an exhaust path from one or more battery cells 202A-202D to the corresponding port of the tube 220 (in Figure 2B Thus, as exudate travels from one or more of the battery cells 202A-202D to the tube 220, the channel physically contains the exudate, thereby providing protection for other components of the battery module 200.

[0079] The second layer 214 may be disposed on a side of the first layer 216 opposite the battery cells 202A-202D. In some embodiments, the second layer 214 may be disposed between the first layer 216 and the third layer 212. The second layer 214 may be made of an elastic material to provide cushioning for the battery module 200.

[0080] In some embodiments, the second layer 214 defines a channel 218. The channel 218 is similar to the channel 218 described above. Figure 1A and Figure 1B As previously mentioned, the channel 218 can be sized and configured to accommodate the tube 220, which will be described in detail below.

[0081] The third layer 212 may be located on the side of the second layer 214 opposite the first layer 216. Unlike the previous layer, the third layer 212 is continuous in this embodiment without any holes and / or channels. The third layer 212 protects components adjacent to the battery module 200 (e.g., the passenger compartment) from thermal runaway ejecta discharged from the battery core 202.

[0082] Although the material of each individual layer is described above in the context of that layer, it should be understood that, as a whole, in some embodiments, the layers 216, 214, 212 of the multiple cover layer 210 can be made of the same material. In other embodiments, different layers of the multiple cover layer 210 can each include more than one material and / or different layers 216, 214, 212 can be made of different materials. In some embodiments, the layer adjacent to the channel 218 (such as, layer 214, layer 114) can be an insulating layer to facilitate the adjacent heating component. In one embodiment, one or more layers of the multiple cover layer 210 include an aerogel layer. Any one or more layers 216, 214, 212 can include a structural material, such as a polymer; or a metal, such as stainless steel. The multiple cover layer 210 can include a layer of elastic material. In some embodiments, the layers of the multiple cover layer 210 can be connected by adhesives, stitching, gluing, heat pressing, mechanical bonding (e.g., Velcro joints) or other means.

[0083] In one embodiment, the first layer 216 of the multiple cover layers 210 is an insulating layer, such as an aerogel layer. In one embodiment, the second layer 214 of the multiple cover layers 210 is an elastic layer. In one embodiment, the third layer 212 of the multiple cover layers 210 is a rigid layer.

[0084] As described above, the battery module 200 includes tubes 220 configured in channels 218 in the second layer 214. In some embodiments, because the second layer 214 is made of an elastic material (and optionally an insulating material), the second layer 214 provides cushioning (e.g., through an elastic modulus of less than 500 MPa) for the tubes 220. The cushioning provided by the second layer 212 composed of an elastic material can be used to prevent damage to the battery module 200 due to possible mechanical impact.

[0085] Figure 2A The illustrated tube 220 may include a plurality of sub-channels 221A, 221B, 221C, 221D (collectively 221) and a main channel port 222. The main channel port may terminate in an outlet port 223 that provides an outlet for the ejected matter to be discharged in a direction away from sensitive portions of the battery pack and away from the passenger cabin.

[0086] In some embodiments, subchannels 221A, 221B, 221C, 221D each correspond to a hole in the first layer 216 of the battery cell and a corresponding vent 206. Subchannels 221 feed into main channel ports 222. Figure 2C The connection between the vent 206, the sub-channel 221, the main channel port 222 and the outlet port 223 constitutes a discharge path, which guides the ejected matter to a safe location.

[0087] In one embodiment, the tube 220 is a one-piece structure, such as a casting, but the invention is not limited thereto. Other embodiments may include separate sub-channels 221 that are screwed or otherwise attached to the main channel port 222.

[0088] In one embodiment, the tube 220 is made of a refractory material. Embodiment materials include, but are not limited to, ceramics, mica, resins, polymers, metals, carbon materials, and combinations thereof. Metals that can be used for the tube 220 include stainless steel or titanium, which have the advantages of high melting points and high corrosion resistance. In one embodiment, the first layer 216 is an aerogel blanket, the second layer 214 is a foam material, and the third layer 212 is a mica board. In one embodiment, the first layer 216 is an aerogel blanket, the second layer 214 is a foam material, the third layer 212 is an aerogel board, and the tube 220 is selected from a mica tube, a stainless steel tube, or an aluminum tube.

[0089] Figure 2B2 is a cross-sectional view of the battery module 200 cut along the X direction on the centerline of the tube 220. During a destructive event (e.g., thermal runaway), the battery cell 202 may be disturbed and release ejecta from the vent 206 in the Z direction. The ejecta are directed to the corresponding sub-channels 221A, 221B, 221C, 221D (collectively referred to as 221) aligned with the vent 206. The ejecta are then redirected to the main channel port 222 in the X direction and then discharged from the outlet port 223. Therefore, the tube 220 contains the ejecta and guides it through the multiple cover layers 210 and away from the sensitive parts of the battery pack, and away from the passenger compartment above the battery pack (in the Z direction).

[0090] Figure 2C 2 is a perspective view of a battery module 200 in a partially assembled form. The tube 220 is located within the second layer 214. In the embodiment shown, the thickness of the main channel port 222 is thinner than or equal to the thickness of the second layer 214. Figure 2C Also shown is an additional layer 219. The additional layer 219 separates the tube 220 from a cable (not shown) placed between the additional layer 219 and the third layer 212. The cable connects to the terminals 204 for charging and discharging the battery and collecting battery test data.

[0091] Multiple covers with electrical connectors

[0092] Figure 3A An exemplary battery module 300 is shown, which includes many of the same elements as the battery modules 100 and 200 described above, except that the multiple cover layers 310 of the battery module 300 include an additional (e.g., fourth) cover layer 332, which is located between the first layer and the third layer. This fourth cover layer 332 separates the channel and the electronic components. The fourth cover layer 332 provides additional protection to the electronic components associated with the battery by blocking thermal runaway ejecta.

[0093] In the example shown, the battery module 300 includes a battery cell stack 302 composed of battery cells 302A, 302B, 302C, and 302D (collectively referred to as 302A-302D). The battery module 300 includes multiple covering layers 310. The multiple covering layers 310 include a first layer 316, a second layer 314, a third layer 312, and a fourth layer 332. The battery module 300 also includes a tube 320.

[0094] Figure 3A The battery cells 302A-302D in the embodiment of the present invention each include a corresponding electrical terminal 304 and a vent 306. The electrical terminal 304 and the vent 306 are similar to those described above, and the above also applies to such structures in the battery module 300.

[0095] As described above, the battery cells 302A-302D may be lithium-ion battery cells, but various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable independently of the battery chemistry or battery configuration.

[0096] Like the battery modules 100 and 200, the battery module 300 includes multiple cover layers 310. Figures 1A-2B As with the multiple cover layers 110 and 210 described in the embodiments, the multiple cover layers 310 include a first layer 316, a second layer 314, and a third layer 316. As with its analogous layers 116 and 216 of the battery modules 100 and 200 described above, the first layer 316 optionally includes holes 317, which are sized and configured to align with the electrical terminals 304. The first layer 316 optionally includes vents 307, which are sized and configured to align with the vents 306. The configuration and function of the holes 317 and vents 307 in the first layer 316 are similar to the function and reasoning of such structures described in the battery modules 100 and 200.

[0097] As with the similar layers 114 and 214 of the battery modules 100 and 200 described above, the second layer 314 optionally includes a hole 315 to accommodate the terminal 304. Also as described above with respect to the similar layers 114 and 214, the second layer 314 defines a channel 318.

[0098] The third layer 312 shown does not include any holes. Figures 2A-2C The third layer 212 , 312 in the illustrated embodiment protects components of the adjacent battery module 300 from being damaged by thermal runaway ejecta of the battery core stack 302 .

[0099] With the above Figures 1A-2B The multiple covering layers 110 and 210 in the embodiment are similar. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 310 are all the same material. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 310 include more than one material for different layers. The layer adjacent to the channel 318 can be an insulating layer to prevent heat from the thermal runaway ejection in the channel 318 or the tube 320 from being transferred to adjacent components, such as the battery core stack 302. In one embodiment, one or more layers of the multiple covering layers 310 include an aerogel layer. Other layers may include structural materials, such as polymers; or metals, such as stainless steel. The multiple covering layers 310 may include layers of elastic materials. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 310 may be connected by gluing, sewing, adhesive bonding, hot pressing, other suitable methods and combinations thereof.

[0100] exist Figure 3A In an embodiment, the tube 320 is included as a separate component in the multiple cover layer 310. In other words, the tube 320 is not a part of the multiple cover layer 310. The tube 320 is assembled in the channel 318 of the second layer 314. In an embodiment, the tube 320 is composed of a refractory material. Embodiment materials include, but are not limited to, mica, metal, etc.

[0101] Figure 3AEmbodiments also include an electrical connector 330. The electrical connector 330 couples the plurality of terminals 304 together for further connection to device circuitry, an electric motor, and the like.

[0102] exist Figure 3A In an embodiment, a fourth layer 332 is further included between the second layer 314 and the electrical connector 330 to protect the electrical connector 330 from heating during thermal runaway. In the event of thermal runaway, the heat of the ejecta may transfer heat to the tube 320 and increase the surface temperature of the tube 320. The increased surface temperature may damage the electrical connector 330. The fourth layer 332 between the tube 320 and the electrical connector 330 separates the hot surface of the tube 320 from the electrical connector 330.

[0103] The fourth layer 332 includes a material that provides appropriate heat, fire, and electrical resistance. The fourth layer 332 may include a material similar to the first layers 116, 216, and 316 of the battery modules 100, 200, and 300 described above. In one embodiment, the fourth layer 332 includes an aerogel layer.

[0104] Figure 3B An alternative layer arrangement of multiple cover layers 310 is provided. In one embodiment, an electrical connector 330 is optionally located between the first layer 316 and the second layer 314. A fourth layer 332 is correspondingly disposed between the first layer 316 and the second layer 314 to separate the passage 318 (and the tube 320 disposed therein) from the electrical connector 330. It is advantageous to have a layer on at least one side of the electrical connector 330 to provide thermal, fire, and / or dielectric isolation for the electrical connector 330.

[0105] Overlays and other electronic components

[0106] Figure 4A An example battery module 400 is shown that includes many of the same elements as battery modules 100, 200, and 300 described above, except that battery module 400 includes a battery management circuit 440 integrated with multiple cover layers 410. Multiple cover layers 410 protect battery management circuit 440 in the event of thermal runaway.

[0107] In the illustrated example, the battery module 400 includes a battery core stack 402, a multiple cover layer 410 above the battery core stack 402, a tube 420, and an electrical connector 430 embedded in the multiple cover layer 410. The battery module 400 also includes a battery management circuit 440. Similar to the multiple cover layers 110, 210, and 310, the multiple cover layer 410 includes a first layer 416, a second layer 414, a third layer 412, and a fourth cover layer 432. The battery module 400 is described in detail below.

[0108] The module 400 includes a stack of battery cells 402 , such as lithium-ion battery cells. Figure 4AThe battery cells 402 in each include an electrical terminal 404. Figure 4A In an embodiment, a vent 406 is included on each battery cell 402 of the battery cell stack. Multiple covering layers 410 are included on one side of the lithium ion battery cell stack including electrical terminals 404. A first layer 416 is shown with holes 417 to accommodate the terminals 404. The first layer 416 also includes vent holes 407, which are aligned with the vents 406 of the battery cells 402. A second layer 414 is also shown that also includes holes 415 to accommodate the terminals 404. Channels 418 are defined in the second layer 414. A third layer 412 is shown that does not include any holes.

[0109] Similar to the above embodiments, in one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 410 are all of the same material. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 410 include more than one material for different layers. The layer adjacent to the channel 418 may be an insulating layer to facilitate adjacent heated components. In one embodiment, one or more of the multiple covering layers 410 include an aerogel layer. Other layers may include structural materials, such as polymers; or metals, such as stainless steel. The multiple covering layers 410 may include elastic material layers. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 410 may be connected by gluing, sewing, adhesive bonding, heat pressing, etc. In one embodiment, the first layer 416 and the fourth layer 432 include aerogel, such as an aerogel sheet, a fiber-reinforced aerogel blanket, other layers containing aerogel, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the second layer 414 is an elastic layer, such as foam, fiber, resin, polymer, other materials that provide elasticity, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the third layer 412 is a rigid layer, such as stainless steel, aluminum, mica, other rigid layers, and combinations thereof.

[0110] exist Figure 4A In an embodiment, the tube 420 is a separate component included in the multiple cover layer 410. In other words, the tube 420 is not a part of the multiple cover layer 410. The tube 420 is assembled in the channel 418 of the second layer 414. In an embodiment, the tube 420 is composed of a fire-resistant or heat-resistant material. Embodiment materials include, but are not limited to, mica, metal, other fire-resistant or heat-resistant materials, and combinations thereof.

[0111] An electrical connector 430 is also shown to couple the plurality of terminals 404 together for further connection to device circuits, electric motors, etc. Figure 4A In an embodiment, the fourth layer 432 is included between the second layer 414 and the electrical connector 430 .

[0112] exist Figure 4AIn one embodiment, the battery management circuit 440 is located between one or more of the multiple cover layers 410. The functions of the battery management circuit include, but are not limited to, temperature measurement and electrical feedback regulation in response to temperature. Other electrical feedback regulation may be in response to other measured metrics, such as voltage, current, pressure sensing, humidity sensing, etc. Figure 4A In the embodiment, the battery management circuit 440 can communicate with other circuits wirelessly or by wire.

[0113] The battery management circuit 440 may be embedded in Figure 4A The electrical connector 430 is shown between the same layers (e.g., between the third layer 412 and the fourth layer 432). Alternatively, the battery management circuit 440 can be separated from the electrical connector 430 by one or more layers of the multiple cover layer 410, as explained below with reference to Figure 4B .

[0114] exist Figure 4B In the embodiment of the present invention, the battery management circuit 440 is embedded in the multiple cover layers 410 and is separated from the electrical connector 430 by at least one layer of the multiple cover layers 410. The battery management circuit 440 has wires 442 for at least some communication with external circuits. Figure 4B Also shown is an optional separate circuit board 444 for holding the battery management circuit 440. The circuit board 444 may also include sensors such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc. The battery management circuit 440 with sensors, cables, and other components may be embedded in the multiple cover layers 410. The battery management circuit 440 with sensors, cables, and other components is separated from the channel 418 and the tube 320 by one or more multiple cover layers 410.

[0115] Housing for battery module including ventilation channels embedded in multiple covering layers

[0116] Figure 5A A semi-assembled battery module 500 is shown with the third layer 512 unassembled. Figure 4A-4B Differently, the battery management circuit 540 is wired, rather than Figure 4A and 4B Wireless battery management circuit 440 in an embodiment. Wired battery management circuit 540 includes trace circuit 546. Additional electronic components and connections (not shown) may be embedded in multiple cover layers 510 along with battery management circuit 540.

[0117] Figure 5A The battery module 500 in the embodiment includes a battery cell stack 502, multiple covering layers 510 on the battery cells 502, tubes 520, and electrical connectors 530 embedded in the multiple covering layers 510. This is similar to the battery modules 100, 200, 300, and 400 described above. In addition, the battery module 500 also includes a trace circuit 546 to connect the battery management circuit 540 with the battery connector 530 and the terminal 504.

[0118] and Figure 4A-4B Unlike the wireless battery management circuit 440 in the embodiment, the wired battery management circuit 540 can be electrically connected to the battery cell via a wire. Therefore, the battery management circuit 540 can be powered by the battery cell 502. Since the wired battery management circuit 540 does not require a built-in battery like the wireless battery management circuit 440, it has a smaller size and a longer service life. The battery management circuit can be connected to the battery cell 502 via a trace circuit 546 to monitor the electrical characteristics of the battery cell, or transmit information from other sensors (not shown), such as current, voltage, temperature, pressure, humidity.

[0119] Figure 5B A battery module 500 similar to the other battery modules described above is shown, but also includes a housing box 560 and a housing cover 562. In one embodiment, such housing components 560, 562 are separated from other layers (e.g., multiple covering layers 510) described and included in the battery module 500. In other words, the housing components 560 and 562 are not part of the multiple covering layers 510. In one embodiment, the stacking layer 510 on the battery module 500 includes a resilient fireproof pad (e.g., a second layer 514). The multiple covering layers 510 are used to occupy the space between the battery module 500 and the housing cover 562 to reduce vibration and noise, while also providing a degree of insulation and thermal runaway protection. In one embodiment, the stacking layer 510 is embedded with the battery cell terminals, electrical connectors, battery management circuits, and the main part of the tube 520. The tube 520 leads the thermal runaway ejecta to the outside of the housing box 560 through the recess 564 on the side wall of the housing box 560.

[0120] Multiple cover venting channels embedded in the battery pack

[0121] Figure 6 An embodiment of a battery pack 600 is shown. The battery pack 600 includes a plurality of battery modules 601 that share one or more multiple covers 610. The multiple covers 610 are also embedded with branch pipes 620. Sharing one or more multiple covers 610 between the modules 601 of the battery pack 600 saves battery pack space, improves battery pack efficiency, and is easier to assemble. The branch pipes 620 provide the advantage of increased design flexibility to further redirect any exhaust gases or flames away from critical components or unwanted areas. The branch pipes 620 also provide a ventilation solution for combining a large number of battery cells in multiple modules.

[0122] Similar to other battery modules described in the present disclosure, the battery pack 600 includes a plurality of battery modules, each module 601 including a battery cell stack, such as a lithium-ion battery cell 602. The battery cells 602 each include an electrical terminal 604. Figure 6As shown, each battery cell in the battery cell stack includes a vent 606. A lithium-ion battery cell stack 602 including electrical terminals 604 includes multiple covering layers 610 on one side. The first layer 616 is shown as having a hole for accommodating the terminal 604. The second layer 614 is further shown as also including a hole for accommodating the terminal 604. Multiple portions of the second layer 614 leave space for branch pipes 620. The third layer 612 is shown as not including any holes. An electrical connector 630 is included to couple multiple terminals 604 together. The battery pack 600 also includes a housing box 660 and a housing cover 662, similar to Figure 5A-5B Housing box 560 and housing cover 562 in the embodiment.

[0123] and Figures 1A-5B The implementation schemes are different. Figure 6 Embodiments include multiple battery modules 601 that share one or more multiple cover layers 610. In one embodiment, the battery pack 600 includes four battery modules 601. Each of the battery modules 601 has a respective first layer 616 and second layer 614. In one embodiment, all battery modules 601 share a third layer 612 and a fourth layer 632.

[0124] The separate first layer 616 and second layer 614 of each battery module 601 provide space for the branch tube 620 and make it easier to align the terminal 604, the vent 606 and the tube 620 during assembly of the battery pack 600. It also enables the first layer 616 and second layer 614 of each battery module 601 to be replaced separately. In another embodiment, a shared third layer 612 and fourth layer 632 can be used because fewer components (such as electrical connectors 630 and tubes 620) need to be integrated into these two layers. Where possible, the shared third layer 612 and fourth layer 632 provide easier installation options.

[0125] Figure 6 Each embodiment further includes a branch pipe 620 for accommodating a plurality of modules in the battery pack 600. The branch pipe 620 is different from the above-mentioned Figure 2A-5B The branch pipe 620 includes a plurality of sub-channels 621 leading to the trunk 622. The sub-channels 621 are similar to Figure 2A-5B In the embodiment shown, the trunk 622 is configured to redirect the exhaust gas from the exhaust direction (e.g., the Z direction) to the first channel direction (e.g., the Y direction). Figure 6, the first channel direction is parallel to the length of the trunk 622, and the trunk 622 is perpendicular to the vent 606. In one embodiment, the branch tube 620 also includes a redirection end 624, which further redirects the exhaust gas along the trunk 622 direction (e.g., the Y direction) to be discharged along the second channel direction (e.g., the negative Z direction). In the embodiment shown, the second channel direction is perpendicular to the first channel direction and is downward (e.g., the negative Z direction), but the utility model is not limited to this.

[0126] In one embodiment, the branch pipe 620 includes Figure 2A-5B The same material as the tubes 220, 320, 420 and 520 in FIG. In one embodiment, the branch pipe 620 comprises a material selected from but not limited to metal, mica, other flame retardant and / or heat resistant materials and combinations thereof.

[0127] Alternative vent channel configurations for battery module venting to housing sidewalls

[0128] Figure 7 An embodiment of a battery module 700 is shown. Multiple covering layers 710 are disposed between the battery core 702 and the side wall of the housing 760, rather than being disposed between the battery core 702 and the side wall of the housing 760. Figure 1A-6 The battery cell and the housing cover shown in each embodiment.

[0129] similar Figure 1A-6 In various embodiments, module 700 includes a battery cell 702, such as a lithium-ion battery cell. Figure 7 The battery cells 702 in the module 700 each include an electrical terminal 704 and a vent 706. A multi-covering layer 710 is included on one side of the lithium-ion battery cell stack including the electrical terminal 704 and the vent 706. The module 700 also includes a tube 720 embedded in the multi-covering layer 710. The battery cells 702, the multi-covering layer 710, and the tube 720 are contained in a module housing 760.

[0130] Multiple covering layers 710 include a first layer 716, a second layer 714, and a third layer 712. First layer 716 is shown with holes 717 to accommodate terminals 704. First layer 716 also includes vent holes 707 that align with vents 706 of battery cell 702. Second layer 714 is also shown, which also includes holes that align with and accommodate terminals 704. Figure 7 In one embodiment, the second layer 714 includes a plurality of individual sheets arranged at a common level within the multiple cover layers 710. The plurality (e.g., two) individual sheets of the second layer 714 define a channel 718 therebetween. The channel 718 spans the length of the second layer 714 and divides the second layer 714 into two sheets. The third layer 712 is shown without any holes.

[0131] and Figure 1A-6The embodiments of the multiple covering layers 110, 210, 310, 410, 510 and 610 are similar. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 710 are all the same material. In another embodiment, the multiple covering layers 710 include more than one material for different layers. The layer adjacent to the channel 718 can be an insulating layer to facilitate the adjacent heating component. In one embodiment, one or more layers of the multiple covering layers 710 include an aerogel layer. Other layers (e.g., the third layer 712) can include structural materials, such as polymers; or metals, such as stainless steel. The multiple covering layers 710 may include a layer of elastic material (e.g., the second layer 714). The multiple covering layers 710 can be connected by gluing, sewing, adhesive bonding, heat pressing, other connection methods or combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the first layer 716, the second layer 714 and the third layer 712 are an aerogel layer, an elastic layer and a rigid layer, respectively.

[0132] exist Figure 7 In various embodiments, the tube 720 is a separate component included in the multiple cover layer 710. In other words, the tube 720 is not a part of the multiple cover layer 710. The tube 720 fits within the channel 718 of the second layer 714. The tube 720 is similar to Figure 1A-6 The tubes 220, 320, 420, 520, 621 in each embodiment, except that the tube 720 has angled turns 722 at both ends of the tube, rather than only at one end of the tube.

[0133] exist Figure 7 In one embodiment, the tube 720 includes an angled turn 722 at either or both ends of the tube 720. The angled turn 722 directs the thermal runaway ejecta in a desired direction away from critical components and / or users of the device. The desired direction includes the bottom of the electric vehicle, i.e. Figure 7 The negative Z direction in the embodiment. Figure 7 In one embodiment, the housing 760 includes an opening 764 through which the angled turn 722 passes. Figure 2A-6 Having two angled turns 722 significantly increases the ability to remove hot gases and flames to the exterior of the enclosure 760 compared to the single angled turn configuration of the embodiments.

[0134] In one embodiment, tube 720 is made of Figure 2A-6 The tubes 220, 320, 420, 520, 621 in the embodiment are made of the same material. In one embodiment, the tube 720 includes a material selected from a refractory material and / or a heat-resistant material. In one embodiment, the tube 720 includes a material selected from aerogel material, aerogel blanket, mica, metal, other refractory and / or heat-resistant materials and combinations thereof.

[0135] Fig. 8AOne embodiment of a battery module 800 is shown. The angled turn 822 in the battery module 800 is located in the middle portion of the tube 820. Figure 7 Angled turn 722 is shown at the end of tube 720, which reduces the length that exhaust gas travels in tube 820 compared to its length because angled turn 822 is located in the middle.

[0136] Similar to Figure 1A-7 In the embodiments of modules 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 601 and 700, module 800 includes a battery core stack 802 and multiple covering layers 810 on one side of the battery core stack 802. Module 800 also includes a tube 820, a housing box 860 and a housing cover 862.

[0137] In one embodiment, the battery cell stack 802 may include lithium ion battery cells. The battery cell stack 802 may each include an electrical terminal 804 and a vent 806. The vent 806 is used to release battery cell pressure and release materials generated under abuse conditions such as thermal runaway.

[0138] In one embodiment, multiple cover layers 810 include a first layer 816, a second layer 814, and a third layer 812. The first layer 816 is shown as having holes 817 to accommodate the terminals 804. The first layer 816 also includes vent holes 807, which are aligned with the vents 806 of the battery cell 802. The second layer 814 is also shown, which also includes holes 815 for accommodating the terminals 804. The second layer 814 includes a plurality of access holes 818. The third layer 812 is shown, which also includes access holes 819 aligned with the access holes 818. The tube 820 passes through the second layer 814 and the third layer 812 through the access holes 818 and 819.

[0139] In one embodiment, the material of the multiple covering layers 810 includes similar Figures 1A to 7 The materials included in the multiple covering layers 110, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610 and 710 of the embodiment. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 810 include more than one material for different layers. The layer adjacent to the tube 820 and the channel hole 818 can be an insulating layer to facilitate the adjacent heating components. In one embodiment, one or more layers of the multiple covering layers 810 include an aerogel layer. Other layers may include structural materials, such as polymers; or metals, such as stainless steel. The multiple covering layers 810 may include layers of elastic materials. The multiple covering layers 810 can be connected by gluing, sewing, adhesive bonding, heat pressing, other connection methods and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the first layer 816, the second layer 814 and the third layer 812 are an aerogel layer, an elastic layer and a rigid layer, respectively.

[0140] exist Figures 8A-8BIn an embodiment, multiple covering layers 810 are embedded in a tube 820. The tube 820 includes one or more angled turns 822. The angled turns 822 are located in the middle portion of the tube 820 to reduce the travel length of the exhaust gas in the tube 820. The angled turns 822 are directed in a desired direction away from key components of the device and / or a user. The desired direction includes the bottom of the electric vehicle, i.e., Figures 8A-8B Negative Z direction in an embodiment.

[0141] In one embodiment, the material of tube 820 includes a Figure 2A-7 The materials included in the tubes 220, 320, 420, 520, 621 and 720 in various embodiments. In one embodiment, the tube 820 is made of a fire-resistant and / or heat-resistant material. In one embodiment, the tube 820 includes, but is not limited to, aerogel sheets, mica, metals, other suitable materials, and combinations thereof.

[0142] exist Figures 8A-8B In an embodiment, the module 800 further includes a housing box 860 and a housing cover 862 that accommodates the battery cells 802. The housing box 860 includes an opening 864 on a side wall, wherein the angled turn 822 passes through the housing box 860. The opening 864 enables the angled turn 822 to pass through the side wall of the housing box 860 to shorten the possible thermal runaway ejection discharge path.

[0143] Figure 8B An assembled battery module 800 is shown with an angled turn 822 protruding downward from the housing box 860. The angled turn 822 redirects the ejected material to the exterior of the housing box 860 to avoid spreading or exploding the battery module 800 in the housing box 860. The angled turn 822 redirects the ejected material downward (negative Z direction) to avoid any injury or damage to neighboring vehicles or people above (e.g., in the Z direction) or beside (e.g., in the X or Y direction) the module 800.

[0144] Fig. 9 An embodiment of a battery module 900 is shown. The battery module 900 includes a tube 920 that directs exhaust gas through a port 922 directly to the bottom direction (eg, the negative Z direction). Figures 8A-8B The embodiments shown are different. Figures 8A-8B In FIG. 8 , tube 820 directs exhaust gas to the side of the battery module and then through angled turn 822 to the bottom direction of the battery module.

[0145] and Figures 1A-8B Similar to the modules 100 - 800 of the embodiments, the module 900 includes a battery cell stack 902 , such as lithium-ion battery cells. Fig. 9The battery cells 902 in the embodiment of the present invention each include an electrical terminal 904 and a vent 906. The battery module 900 includes a multiple covering layer 910 located on one side of the lithium ion battery cell stack including the electrical terminal 904. The multiple covering layer 910 is embedded in the tube 920. The battery module also includes a housing box 960 and a housing cover 962. In one embodiment, an additional elastic layer 963 is included between the battery cell 902 and the cover 962.

[0146] similar Figures 1A-8B In the embodiment of multiple covering layers 110-810, multiple covering layers 910 include a first layer 916, a second layer 914, and a third layer 912. The first layer 916 includes holes 917 to accommodate the terminal 904. The first layer 916 also includes vent holes 907, which are aligned with the vent 906 of the battery cell 902. The second layer 914 is also shown, which also includes holes 915 to accommodate the terminal 904. The third layer 912 is shown, which does not include a channel hole.

[0147] In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 910 include similar Figures 1A-8B Materials of multiple covering layers 110-810 in an embodiment. In one embodiment, all multiple covering layers 910 are the same material. In one embodiment, multiple covering layers 910 include more than one material for different layers. The layer adjacent to the tube 920 (such as, the first layer 916 and the second layer 914) can be an insulating layer to facilitate the adjacent heating component (e.g., the tube 920). In one embodiment, one or more layers of the multiple covering layers 910 include an aerogel layer. Other layers may include structural materials, such as aerogel sheets, polymers, or metals (e.g., stainless steel). The multiple covering layers 910 may include layers of elastic materials. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 910 can be connected by gluing, sewing, adhesive bonding, hot pressing, other suitable connection methods, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the first layer 916 is an aerogel layer, the second layer 914 is an elastic layer, and the third layer 912 is a rigid layer.

[0148] exist Fig. 9 In the embodiment, the tube 920 is a separate component included in the multiple cover layer 910. In other words, the tube 920 is not a part of the multiple cover layer 910. Fig. 9 In an embodiment, the tube 920 includes one or more ports 922. The ports 922 are oriented in a desired direction away from key components of the device and / or a user (e.g., the bottom of an electric vehicle, the negative Z direction). The ports 922 direct the exhaust gas directly in the desired direction without turning. Figures 8A-8B Thermal runaway ejecta exits straight-through port 922 more efficiently than angled turn 822, thereby providing improved safety.

[0149] In one embodiment, the material of tube 920 includes the same material as tubes 220, 320, 420, 520, 621, 720 and 820. In one embodiment, tube 920 is composed of a fire-resistant and / or heat-resistant material. In one embodiment, tube 920 includes a material selected from aerogel, mica, metal, other suitable materials and combinations thereof.

[0150] The module 900 also includes a housing box 960 and a housing cover 962 to accommodate the battery cells 902, the multiple covering layers 910 and the tubes 920. Fig. 9 In an embodiment, the housing box 960 includes an opening 964, and the port 922 passes through the bottom wall of the housing box 960 through the opening 964. The ability to remove hot gases and flames to the outside of the housing box 960 is particularly increased. The opening 964 is conducive to the direct port 922 and the thermal runaway ejection to leave the housing box 960. In one embodiment, the module 900 also includes an additional elastic layer 963. The additional elastic layer 963 provides a cushion for the battery cell 902 to prevent mechanical damage under abuse conditions (such as collision, explosion and thermal runaway). In one embodiment, the additional elastic layer 963 is an aerogel layer.

[0151] Top, side and layer-by-layer views of multiple cover layers with embedded ventilation channels

[0152] Fig. 10A An embodiment of a battery module 1000 is shown. The battery module 1000 is similar to Figure 1A-9 The battery modules 100-900 in the embodiments, however, include battery cells arranged in a plurality of rows 1001 and a plurality of columns 1003. The battery module 1000 demonstrates the flexibility of multiple cover layers 1010 and channels 1020 in battery modules with different battery cell arrangements.

[0153] The module 1000 includes a plurality of battery cells 1002 , such as lithium-ion battery cells. Fig. 10A The battery cells 1002 in the embodiment each include an electrical terminal 1004 and a vent 1006. Multiple covering layers 1010 are included on one side of the plurality of battery cells including the electrical terminal 1004. Figures 10A-10B In the embodiment, the battery cells 1002 are arranged into a plurality of rows 1001 and columns 1003 .

[0154] similar Figure 1A-9 In the embodiment of multiple covering layers 110-910, multiple covering layers 1010 include a first layer 1016, a second layer 1014, and a third layer 1016. Multiple covering layers 1010 may further include structural materials, such as polymers or metals (e.g., stainless steel). Multiple covering layers 1010 may include elastic material layers. Multiple covering layers 1010 may be connected by methods such as gluing, sewing, adhesive bonding, heat pressing, other suitable methods, and combinations thereof.

[0155] In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 1010 include Figure 1A-9 In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 1010-910 are the same material. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 1010 are all the same material. In one embodiment, the multiple covering layers 1010 include more than one material for different layers. In one embodiment, one or more of the multiple covering layers 1010 include an aerogel layer. In one embodiment, the first layer 1016 is an insulating layer (e.g., an aerogel layer), the second layer 1014 is an elastic layer, and the third layer is a rigid layer.

[0156] Fig. 10B show Fig. 10A A cross-sectional view along the centerline BB' of the first layer 1016, along the centerline CC' of the second layer 1014, and along the centerline DD' of the third layer 1012. The first layer 1016 includes holes 1007 in multiple rows and columns that align with the vent holes 1006 of the battery cells 1002. In the second layer 1014, multiple channels 1020 are included to align with the multiple rows 1001 of the battery cells 1002. Other embodiments described in the present disclosure include material and configuration embodiments suitable for the channels 1020. The third layer 1012 is also shown without any holes.

[0157] Method for forming a multi-layer battery module with embedded ventilation channels

[0158] Fig.11 A flow chart of an implementation scheme of a method 1100 for forming a battery module is shown. In operation 1102, a plurality of lithium-ion battery cells are stacked, each battery cell including an electrical terminal and a vent, the vent defining a ventilation direction. In operation 1104, the terminal surfaces of the plurality of lithium-ion battery cells are covered with a first layer, wherein the electrical terminal passes through the first layer, and the first layer includes an opening of the vent, the opening of the vent being configured to allow exhaust gas to pass through the first layer. In operation 1106, a channel connected to the opening of the vent is formed, wherein the channel is configured to redirect the exhaust gas from the ventilation direction to the channel direction.

[0159] Power battery system with multiple cover layers of battery module with embedded ventilation channels

[0160] The above-mentioned battery module is used in many electronic devices. Fig.12 An embodiment of an electronic device 1200 is shown including a battery module 1210. The battery module 1210 is coupled to functional electronics 1220 via circuitry 1212. In the embodiment shown, the battery module 1210 and circuitry 1212 are contained within a housing 1202. A connection port 1214 is shown coupled to the battery module 1210 to allow for recharging of the battery module 1210 when needed.

[0161] In one embodiment, functional electronic device 1220 includes a device such as a semiconductor device having transistors and storage circuits. Embodiments include but are not limited to phones, computers, monitors, navigation systems, etc.

[0162] Fig.13 Another electronic system is shown that utilizes the battery module described above including the multi-layer thermal barrier. Fig.13 An electric vehicle 1300 is shown. The electric vehicle 1300 includes a chassis 1302 and wheels 1322. In the illustrated embodiment, each wheel 1322 is coupled to a drive motor 1320. A battery module 1310 is shown coupled to the drive motor 1320 by a circuit 1306. A charging port 1304 is shown coupled to the battery module 1310 to facilitate recharging the battery module 1310 when needed.

[0163] Embodiments of electric vehicle 1300 include, but are not limited to, consumer vehicles such as cars, trucks, etc. Commercial vehicles such as tractors and semi-trailer trucks are also within the scope of the present invention. Although a four-wheeled vehicle is shown, the present invention is not limited thereto. In one embodiment, two-wheeled vehicles such as motorcycles and scooters are also within the scope of the present invention.

[0164] To better illustrate the methods and apparatus disclosed herein, a non-limiting list of embodiments is provided here:

[0165] Embodiment 1 includes a battery module. The battery module includes a lithium-ion battery cell stack, each battery cell including an electrical terminal, a vent on each battery cell in the lithium-ion battery cell stack, each vent defining a vent direction, and at least one channel connected to the vent from the lithium-ion battery cell stack, wherein the channel is configured to redirect exhaust gas from the vent direction to the channel direction.

[0166] Embodiment 2 includes the battery module of embodiment 1, further comprising a plurality of cover layers on one side of the lithium ion battery cell stack including electrical terminals, wherein the electrical terminals extend through openings in one or more of the plurality of layers.

[0167] Embodiment 3 includes the battery module of any of embodiments 1-2, wherein one or more of the multiple cover layers include an aerogel.

[0168] Embodiment 4 includes the battery module of any of embodiments 1-3, further comprising a battery management circuit located in one or more of the multiple cover layers.

[0169] Embodiment 5 includes the battery module of any of embodiments 1-4, wherein the channel is defined by spaces in one or more of the multiple cover layers.

[0170] Embodiment 6 includes the battery module of any of embodiments 1-5, wherein the channel is filled with a sacrificial material.

[0171] Embodiment 7 includes the battery module of any of embodiments 1-6, wherein the channel is a separate component included within the multiple layers.

[0172] Embodiment 8 includes an electric vehicle. The electric vehicle includes a vehicle chassis, a plurality of wheels coupled to the vehicle chassis, a plurality of wheels driven by one or more electric motors, and a battery module connected to the one or more electric motors. The battery module includes a lithium-ion battery cell stack, each battery cell including an electrical terminal, a vent on each battery in the lithium-ion battery cell stack, each vent defining a vent direction, and a channel connected to the vent from the lithium-ion battery cell stack, wherein the channel is configured to redirect exhaust gas from the vent direction to the channel direction.

[0173] Embodiment 9 includes the electric vehicle of embodiment 8, wherein the lithium-ion battery cell stack is at least partially encapsulated in the module housing.

[0174] Embodiment 10 includes the electric vehicle of any one of embodiments 8-9, wherein the lithium-ion battery cell stack is arranged in a single row of battery cells.

[0175] Embodiment 11 includes the electric vehicle of any one of embodiments 8-10, wherein the lithium-ion battery cell stack is arranged into a plurality of rows of battery cells.

[0176] Embodiment 12 includes the electric vehicle of any of embodiments 8-11, wherein the lithium-ion battery core stack includes a plurality of battery packs, and the channel includes a main vent having a plurality of sub-vents.

[0177] Embodiment 13 includes the electric vehicle of any of embodiments 8-12, wherein the passage is oriented to lead to a side of the electric vehicle.

[0178] Embodiment 14 includes the electric vehicle of any of embodiments 8-13, wherein the passage is oriented to lead to a bottom of the electric vehicle.

[0179] Embodiment 15 includes a method for forming a battery module. The method includes stacking a plurality of lithium-ion battery cells, each battery cell including an electrical terminal and a vent, the vent defining a vent direction, covering the terminal surfaces of the plurality of lithium-ion battery cells with a first layer, wherein the electrical terminal passes through the first layer, and an opening of the vent is included in the first layer and configured to allow exhaust gas to pass through the first layer, and forming a channel communicating with the opening of the vent, wherein the channel is configured to redirect the exhaust gas from the vent direction to the channel direction.

[0180] Embodiment 16 includes the method of embodiment 15, wherein forming the channel includes arranging the space in multiple layers on the terminal surface.

[0181] Embodiment 17 includes the method of any of embodiments 15-16, wherein forming the channel includes coupling a metal tube to the opening adjacent the vent.

[0182] Embodiment 18 includes the method of any of embodiments 15-17, wherein covering the terminal surfaces of the plurality of lithium ion battery cells with the first layer comprises covering with an aerogel layer.

[0183] The above description is intended to be illustrative rather than restrictive. In one embodiment, the above embodiments (or one or more of them) can be used in combination with each other. For example, a person of ordinary skill in the art can use other embodiments after reading the above description. An abstract is provided to comply with the provisions of the patent law so that the reader can quickly determine the nature of the technical disclosure, and the abstract submitted hereby should be understood as not being used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the above-mentioned specific implementation section, each feature can be combined to simplify the present disclosure, which should not be interpreted as being intended to be necessary for any claim for the disclosed features that are not requested for protection. On the contrary, the utility model subject may exist when there are less than all the features of a specific disclosed example. Therefore, the attached claims are hereby incorporated into the specific implementation, wherein each claim itself exists as a separate example, and it is expected that such examples can be combined with each other in various combinations or arrangements. The scope of the utility model should be determined with reference to the complete scope of the equivalents given by the attached claims and such claims.

[0184] Although the overview of the subject matter of the utility model has been described with reference to specific examples, various modifications and changes may be made to such examples without departing from the broader scope of the examples of the present disclosure. Such examples of the subject matter of the utility model may be referred to herein individually or collectively by the term "utility model", which is only for convenience and if more than one is disclosed in fact, there is no intention to voluntarily limit the scope of the present application to any single disclosure or utility model concept.

[0185] The examples shown herein have been described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosed teachings. Other examples may be used and derived therefrom, and structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the specific embodiments should not be construed as limiting, and the scope of the various examples is limited only by the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

[0186] As used herein, the term "or" may be interpreted as an inclusive or exclusive meaning. In addition, multiple instances may be provided for the resources, operations, or structures described herein as a single instance. In addition, the boundaries between various resources, operations, modules, pushes, and data storage are somewhat arbitrary, and specific operations are described in the context of specific illustrative configurations. Other functional allocations are foreseeable and fall within the scope of various examples of the present disclosure. In general, structures and functions presented as separate resources in the implementation scheme configuration may be presented as combined structures or resources. Similarly, structures and functions presented as a single resource may be presented as separate resources. Such and other changes, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of examples of the present disclosure as shown in the appended claims. Therefore, the specification and drawings should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0187] For ease of explanation, the foregoing description has been made with reference to specific examples. However, the above illustrative discussion is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the possible examples to the precise forms disclosed. In light of the above teachings, many modifications and variations are possible. Each example is chosen and described in order to best explain the principles involved and their practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to best utilize the examples with various modifications as appropriate for the particular use contemplated by them.

[0188] It should also be understood that although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, such elements should not be limited by such terms. Such terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. In one embodiment, the first contact portion may be referred to as the second contact portion, and similarly, the second contact portion may be referred to as the first contact portion without departing from the scope of this example. The first contact portion and the second contact portion are both contacts, but not the same contact portion.

[0189] The terms used in the description of the examples herein are only for describing specific examples and are not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the examples and the attached examples, the singular forms "one", "an" and "the" also include plural forms, unless the text clearly states otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein specifies and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more related listed items. It should also be understood that when this specification uses the terms "include" and / or "comprising", the existence of the features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components is specified, but the existence or increase of the features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof is not excluded.

[0190] As used herein, the term "if" may be interpreted to mean "at the time" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting," depending on the context. Likewise, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if [the condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted to mean "when it is determined" or "in response to determining" or "when [the condition or event] is detected" or "in response to detecting [the condition or event]," depending on the context.

Claims

1. A battery module, characterized in that: Include: A lithium-ion battery cell stack, each battery cell including an electrical terminal; A vent on each battery cell of the lithium-ion battery cell stack, each vent defining a ventilation direction; at least one channel connected to the vent from the lithium-ion battery core stack, wherein the channel is configured to redirect exhaust gas from the vent direction to the channel direction; and A plurality of cover layers are located on one side of the lithium ion battery cell stack including the electrical terminals, wherein the electrical terminals extend through openings in one or more of the plurality of cover layers.

2. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a battery management circuit located in one or more of the multiple cover layers.

3. The battery module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The battery management circuit is separated from the channel by at least one of the multiple cover layers.

4. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The channel is defined by spaces in one or more of the multiple cover layers.

5. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The channels are embedded in the elastic layer of the multiple cover layers.

6. The battery module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The channels are filled with a sacrificial material.

7. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The channels are separate components included within the multiple layers.

8. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: Include: Vehicle chassis; a plurality of wheels coupled to the vehicle chassis, the plurality of wheels being driven by one or more electric motors; a battery module connected to the one or more electric motors, the battery module comprising: A lithium-ion battery cell stack, each battery cell including an electrical terminal; Ventilation holes on each battery cell of the lithium-ion battery cell stack, each venting hole defining a ventilation direction; and A channel is connected to the vent from the lithium-ion battery core stack, wherein the channel is configured to redirect exhaust gas from the vent direction to the channel direction.

9. The electric vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery core stack is at least partially encapsulated in a module housing.

10. The electric vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery cell stack is arranged into a single row of battery cells.

11. The electric vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery cell stack is arranged into multiple rows of battery cells.

12. The electric vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lithium-ion battery core stack includes a plurality of battery groups, and the channel includes a main vent having a plurality of sub-vents.

13. The electric vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The passage is oriented to lead to a side of the electric vehicle.

14. The electric vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that: The passage is oriented to lead to a bottom of the electric vehicle.

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