Vehicle-mounted electrical device, power assembly and electric vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a vehicle-mounted electrical device, a power assembly and an electric vehicle, a shell of the vehicle-mounted electrical device is used for accommodating electrical components of the vehicle-mounted electrical device, the shell of the vehicle-mounted electrical device comprises a cover plate, and the cover plate comprises a restraint layer, a first damping layer, a first spacing layer, a second damping layer and a base layer. The restraint layer, the first spacer layer and the base layer are stacked in the first direction. The first damping layer is arranged between the restraint layer and the first spacing layer, and the second damping layer is arranged between the first spacing layer and the base layer. The Young modulus of the first damping layer and the Young modulus of the second damping layer are both smaller than the Young modulus of the first spacing layer, and the Young modulus of the first spacing layer is smaller than the Young modulus of any one of the base layer and the restraint layer. Through the combination of the base layer, the first damping layer, the first spacing layer, the second damping layer and the restraint layer, the energy consumption efficiency of the vehicle-mounted electrical device is improved, and the vibration and noise reduction effect is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted electrical device, a powertrain and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the new energy vehicle industry, in order to improve ride comfort, the NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) performance of electric vehicles has attracted much attention. Among them, the powertrain is one of the main sources of vibration and noise in electric vehicles. The powertrain includes a motor. During the operation of the powertrain, the rotor and motor shaft of the motor are in a rotating state, making it difficult to avoid vibration in the motor, which will not only affect the normal operation of the on-board electrical device, but also the vibration and noise can be radiated to the entire vehicle through the on-board electrical device. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the vibration and noise reduction performance of the on-board electrical device to reduce the overall vibration and noise of the powertrain, ensure the normal operation of the powertrain, and improve the NVH performance of the vehicle. Utility Model Content

[0003] Embodiments of the present application provide a vehicle-mounted electrical device, a powertrain, and an electric vehicle capable of reducing vibration and noise.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted electrical device, wherein the housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device is used to accommodate at least one electrical component of the vehicle-mounted electrical device. The housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device includes a cover plate. A cover plate includes a constraint layer, a first damping layer, a first spacing layer, a second damping layer and a base layer. A constraint layer, a first spacing layer and a base layer are stacked and arranged along a first direction. Along the first direction, the distance between a base layer and at least one electrical component is less than the distance between a first spacing layer or a constraint layer and at least one electrical component. The first direction is parallel to the direction of a cover plate toward at least one electrical component. A first damping layer is arranged between a constraint layer and a first spacing layer, and a second damping layer is arranged between a first spacing layer and a base layer. The Young's modulus of a first damping layer and a second damping layer are both less than the Young's modulus of a first spacing layer, and the Young's modulus of a first spacing layer is less than the Young's modulus of any one of a base layer or a constraint layer.

[0005] In the embodiment of the present application, a constrained layer, a first damping layer, a first spacing layer, a second damping layer and a base layer are stacked and arranged along a first direction. Two surfaces of a first damping layer along the first direction are respectively connected to a constrained layer and a first spacing layer, and two surfaces of a second damping layer along the first direction are respectively connected to a first spacing layer and a base layer.

[0006] When a cover plate is subjected to vibration, the first damping layer and the second damping layer in the third part are most likely to deform because the Young's modulus of the third part is the smallest, and the energy of the vibration is dissipated during the deformation process, thereby suppressing the vibration. Exemplarily, the deformation of the first damping layer and the second damping layer includes at least one of tensile deformation, bending deformation or shear deformation.

[0007] In the embodiment of the present application, the constraint layer can be used to directly constrain the deformation of the first damping layer, and can also cooperate with the first spacing layer to improve the vibration reduction performance of the second damping layer.

[0008] Specifically, the constraint layer is arranged adjacent to a first damping layer along a first direction. When a first damping layer is subjected to vibration, since the Young's modulus of a constraint layer is greater than that of a first damping layer, a constraint layer can directly hinder the stretching and bending deformation of a first damping layer, so that shear deformation occurs inside a first damping layer. Since shear deformation consumes more energy than stretching and bending deformation, a constraint layer can enhance the dissipation effect of a first damping layer on vibration energy.

[0009] A constraint layer and a second damping layer are arranged in intervals through a first spacer layer. The Young's modulus of the first spacer layer is between the constraint layer and the second damping layer. In terms of transitional shear deformation, the first spacer layer can buffer the modulus difference between the constraint layer and the second damping layer. The combination of the constraint layer and the first spacer layer can achieve a multi-level constraint effect on the second damping layer. In terms of amplified shear deformation, the first spacer layer increases the distance between the constraint layer and the second damping layer, which is equivalent to the first spacer layer playing a lever-like amplification role between the constraint layer and the second damping layer, which is conducive to increasing the shear deformation of the second damping layer. The first spacer layer itself can also dissipate vibration energy, adding a vibration energy dissipation channel in the cover plate.

[0010] In the embodiment of the present application, the base layer can be used to directly constrain the deformation of the second damping layer, and can also cooperate with the first spacing layer to improve the vibration reduction performance of the first damping layer.

[0011] Specifically, a base layer and a second damping layer are stacked and arranged adjacently along a first direction, and the Young's modulus of a base layer is greater than that of a second damping layer, which can cause a second damping layer to mainly produce shear deformation, thereby increasing the vibration energy dissipated by the second damping layer due to deformation. A first spacing layer is arranged between a base layer and a first damping layer along the first direction, and the Young's modulus of the first spacing layer is between that of the base layer and the first damping layer. The combination of the constraint layer and the first spacing layer can achieve a multi-level constraint effect on the first damping layer, thereby increasing the shear deformation of the first damping layer.

[0012] In addition, a base layer is closer to the electrical components in the housing than a first spacing layer or a constraint layer, and the base layer belongs to the first part of the cover plate with the largest Young's modulus, which is conducive to improving the protective effect of the base layer on the electrical components in the housing and the supporting effect on other layer structures in the cover plate. A constraint layer faces the outside of a housing, and the constraint layer also belongs to the first part of the cover plate with the largest Young's modulus, so that the constraint layer can also be used to protect the on-board electrical devices from interference from the external environment.

[0013] In the embodiment of the present application, the first damping layer and the second damping layer are respectively directly constrained by the constraint layer and the base layer and mainly produce shear deformation. The first damping layer and the second damping layer are also indirectly constrained by the cooperation of the base layer, the constraint layer and the first spacing layer, which is beneficial to improve the energy consumption efficiency of the first damping layer and the second damping layer. The efficiency of a cover plate in dissipating vibration energy is improved, which is beneficial to enhancing the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the on-board electrical device and reducing the negative impact of vibration on electrical components. It ensures the normal operation of the on-board electrical device and the powertrain, and is also beneficial to block the propagation of vibration and noise in the powertrain, reduce the scope of vibration and noise in the whole vehicle, and improve the NVH performance of the whole vehicle.

[0014] In one embodiment, a first damping layer is used to bond a constraining layer to a first spacing layer along a first direction, and a second damping layer is used to bond a first spacing layer to a base layer along the first direction.

[0015] In the embodiment of the present application, the first damping layer and the second damping layer can not only play a vibration reduction role, but also play a bonding role, without the need to add an additional bonding layer, which is beneficial to reducing costs and reducing the overall thickness of the cover plate.

[0016] In one embodiment, a ratio of Young's modulus of a constraining layer to a first spacer layer is less than a ratio of Young's modulus of a first spacer layer to either a first damping layer or a second damping layer.

[0017] In the embodiment of the present application, taking the first damping layer as an example, the ratio of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer to the first spacing layer is smaller than the ratio of the Young's modulus of the first spacing layer to the first damping layer, that is, between the constraint layer and the first damping layer, the Young's modulus of the first spacing layer is closer to the constraint layer. In the cover plate, the Young's modulus of the constraint layer and the base layer is the largest, which is equivalent to the Young's modulus of the first spacing layer is also relatively large, which is conducive to strengthening the constraint effect of the first spacing layer on the first damping layer. The ratio of the Young's modulus of the first spacing layer to the first damping layer is relatively small, which is equivalent to the large difference between the Young's modulus of the first damping layer and the Young's modulus of the first spacing layer, making the first damping layer more prone to deformation, enhancing the damping performance, and improving the efficiency of the first damping layer in dissipating vibration energy. The second damping layer is the same.

[0018] In one embodiment, the Young's modulus of a constrained layer is greater than or equal to 180GP and less than or equal to 220GP, and the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer is greater than or equal to 50GP and less than or equal to 80GP.

[0019] In the embodiment of the present application, it is ensured that a constraint layer and a first spacer layer can achieve a gradient, multi-level constraint effect on a first damping layer and a second damping layer, enhance the degree of shear deformation of the first damping layer and the second damping layer and the dissipation effect of vibration energy, and thus improve the vibration reduction performance of a cover plate.

[0020] In one embodiment, a base layer has a harderness greater than a first spacing layer.

[0021] In the embodiment of the present application, a base layer is located at one end of a cover plate along the first direction, and a base layer faces at least one electrical component in the housing. The hardness of a base layer is greater than that of the first spacing layer, which is conducive to improving the constraint effect of the base layer on the first damping layer and the second damping layer. The structural strength of a base layer is proportional to the hardness, and a base layer can better support other layer structures in a cover plate and protect the electrical components in the housing.

[0022] In one embodiment, a constraining layer has a stiffness greater than a first spacing layer stiffness.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present application, a constraint layer is located at the other end of a cover plate along the first direction. The hardness of a constraint layer is greater than that of a first spacing layer, which can enhance the constraint effect of a constraint layer on a first damping layer and a second damping layer, and is beneficial to enhancing the damping performance of the first damping layer and the second damping layer, and improving the efficiency of the cover plate in dissipating vibration energy.

[0024] In one embodiment, the hardness of a base layer and the hardness of a constraining layer are both greater than the hardness of a first spacing layer.

[0025] The embodiment of the present application is conducive to improving the structural strength of the inner and outer ends of a cover plate, so that the base layer and the constraint layer provide dual protection for the electrical components in the housing. The embodiment of the present application is also conducive to enhancing the direct and indirect constraint effects on the first damping layer and the second damping layer.

[0026] In one embodiment, the thickness of a base layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to the thickness of a constrained layer, and the thickness of a constrained layer is greater than the thickness of a first spacer layer.

[0027] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness direction of a base layer is parallel to the stacking direction of a base layer, a first spacer layer and a constraint layer in a cover plate. Among them, the thickness of a base layer and the thickness of a constraint layer are both greater than the thickness of a first spacer layer, which is equivalent to a base layer and a constraint layer accounting for a relatively large proportion of the thickness of a cover plate, which is conducive to meeting the requirements of a base layer and a constraint layer for structural strength, and can also enhance the constraint effect of the base layer and the constraint layer on the first damping layer and the second damping layer. In addition, the thickness of a first spacer layer is relatively reduced, which is conducive to controlling the overall thickness of a cover plate within an appropriate range.

[0028] In one embodiment, a ratio of a thickness of a base layer to a thickness of a first spacer layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 6.

[0029] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of a base layer along the first direction needs to be controlled within an appropriate range: if the thickness of a base layer is too large, the vibration energy of the entire cover plate will be large, and the vibration will be difficult to suppress. If the thickness of a base layer is too small, it will have a negative impact on the structural strength of the entire cover plate. In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the thickness of a base layer to a first spacing layer is between 2 and 6, which is conducive to taking into account both the vibration reduction effect and the structural strength of a cover plate.

[0030] In one embodiment, a first spacer layer has a thickness greater than a thickness of either a first damping layer or a second damping layer.

[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, if the thickness of the first damping layer and the second damping layer is too large, they are prone to failure due to cracking during the deformation process. If the thickness of the first spacer layer is too small, the effect of the first spacer layer amplifying the shear deformation of the first damping layer and the second damping layer will be weakened. The embodiment of the present application is conducive to taking into account the transition effect of the first spacer layer and the service life of the first damping layer and the second damping layer.

[0032] In one embodiment, a ratio of a thickness of a first spacing layer to a thickness of any one of a first damping layer or a second damping layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to 1.25 and less than or equal to 7.

[0033] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first damping layer and the second damping layer along the first direction needs to be controlled within an appropriate range: if the thickness of the first damping layer and the second damping layer is too large, they are prone to failure due to cracking during the deformation process. If the thickness of the first damping layer and the second damping layer is too small, the degree of shear deformation is limited, and the effect of dissipating vibration energy will be negatively affected. In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the thickness of a first spacer layer to a first damping layer or a second damping layer is conducive to taking into account the service life and vibration reduction effect of the first damping layer and the second damping layer.

[0034] In one embodiment, a cover plate further includes a second spacer layer and a third damping layer, the Young's modulus of a third damping layer is smaller than that of a second spacer layer, and the Young's modulus of a second spacer layer is smaller than that of any one of a base layer or a constraint layer, wherein a second damping layer, a second spacer layer, a third damping layer and a base layer are stacked in sequence along a first direction.

[0035] In the embodiment of the present application, a second damping layer is spaced from a constraint layer by a first spacer layer, and a second damping layer is also spaced from a base layer by a second spacer layer. Although the addition of the second spacer layer makes the second damping layer not in direct contact with the constraint layer or the base layer, the constraint layer and the base layer can respectively cooperate with the first spacer layer and the second spacer layer to realize a multi-level constraint effect on the second damping layer. The base layer is in direct contact with the third damping layer, and the base layer can directly constrain the tensile and bending deformation of the third damping layer.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present application, a second spacer layer is added to a cover plate, which further extends the energy dissipation channel and can strengthen the transition effect of a first spacer layer and a second spacer layer on shear deformation. A third damping layer is added to a cover plate, which is conducive to increasing the vibration energy that a cover plate can consume.

[0037] In one embodiment, a constraining layer, a third damping layer, a second spacer layer and a first damping layer are stacked in sequence along the first direction.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, the constraint layer and the base layer can respectively cooperate with the second spacing layer and the first spacing layer to realize the multi-level constraint effect on the first damping layer. The constraint layer is in direct contact with the third damping layer, and the constraint layer can directly constrain the stretching and bending deformation of the third damping layer.

[0039] In one embodiment, the sum of the thicknesses of a base layer and a constrained layer along the first direction is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of a first spacer layer and a second spacer layer.

[0040] The embodiment of the present application is conducive to ensuring that a base layer and a constraint layer account for a relatively large proportion of the thickness of a cover plate, thereby improving the structural strength and the constraint effect on the first damping layer, the second damping layer and the third damping layer.

[0041] In one embodiment, the on-board electrical device includes at least one of a motor controller, an on-board charger, or an on-board power distribution device.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present application, the motor controller is used to convert the direct current transmitted by the battery pack into alternating current, and transmit the alternating current to the motor. The on-board charger is used to receive electrical energy from an external power source and charge the battery pack. The on-board power distribution device is used to distribute the electrical energy output by the battery pack to the load of the electric vehicle. The motor controller, the on-board charger and the on-board power distribution device all involve the function of realizing AC / DC conversion or power conversion using electrical components. The cover plate of the on-board electrical device has a high efficiency in dissipating vibration energy, which can reduce the negative impact of external vibration on electrical components.

[0043] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle-mounted electrical device, wherein the housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device is used to accommodate at least one electrical component of the vehicle-mounted electrical device, and the housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device includes a cover plate, wherein the cover plate includes a first damping layer, a constraining layer, a second damping layer, and a base layer, wherein the first damping layer, the constraining layer, the second damping layer, and the base layer are stacked and arranged along a first direction, wherein the distance between the base layer and the at least one electrical component along the first direction is less than the distance between the first damping layer and the at least one electrical component, and the first direction is parallel to the direction of the cover plate toward the at least one electrical component. The Young's modulus of the first damping layer and the Young's modulus of the second damping layer are less than the Young's modulus of any one of the base layer or the constraining layer.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present application, the constraint layer can constrain the first damping layer and the second damping layer at the same time, thereby improving the utilization rate of the constraint layer. Under the constraint of one constraint layer, both the first damping layer and the second damping layer can produce shear deformation, thereby facilitating increasing the dissipation efficiency of vibration energy.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present application, the first damping layer is spaced from the base layer by a constraint layer. When the Young's modulus of the constraint layer is smaller than that of the base layer, the constraint layer can also act like a spacing layer on the first damping layer, thereby achieving a multi-level constraint effect on the first damping layer and amplifying the shear deformation of the first damping layer.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present application, the first damping layer faces the outside of a shell, and the first damping layer can directly dissipate the energy of vibration transmitted to the on-board electrical device from the outside.

[0047] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a powertrain, which includes a motor, a reducer, and an on-board electrical device as described in the first aspect or the second aspect, wherein the on-board electrical device is used to transmit electrical energy to the motor through electrical components, and the motor is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmit the mechanical energy to the reducer. In the cover plate of the on-board electrical device, the thickness of a base layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to the thickness of a constraint layer, the thickness of a constraint layer is greater than the thickness of a first spacing layer, and the thickness of a first spacing layer is greater than the thickness of any one of a first damping layer or a second damping layer.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, the vehicle-mounted electrical device of the first aspect or the second aspect is applied to the powertrain. Since the cover plate of the vehicle-mounted electrical device can effectively dissipate vibration energy and has excellent vibration reduction effect, it is beneficial to ensure the normal operation of various components in the powertrain and avoid electrical failures caused by vibration. In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of each layer structure of the cover plate is controlled within a suitable range, which is beneficial to ensure the structural strength requirements of the constraint layer and the base layer, improve the ability of the first spacer layer to amplify shear deformation, and avoid cracking of the first damping layer and the second damping layer during deformation.

[0049] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electric vehicle, comprising a frame, a battery pack and a powertrain as described in the third aspect, wherein the frame is used to fix the battery pack and the powertrain, the battery pack is used to provide electrical energy to the motor in the powertrain, and the powertrain is used to drive the wheels of the electric vehicle.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present application, the powertrain of the third aspect is applied to an electric vehicle. Since the on-board electrical device in the powertrain can block the propagation of vibration within the powertrain, it is beneficial to improve the NVH performance of the entire vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be described below.

[0052] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electric vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a powertrain provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 4 is another structural schematic diagram of a cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 5is another structural schematic diagram of a cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 6 This is another structural schematic diagram of the cover plate provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0059] For ease of understanding, the English abbreviations and related technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained and described below.

[0060] NVH: The abbreviation of Noise, Vibration and Harshness, refers to noise, vibration and sound roughness, and is used to measure the design and manufacturing quality of automobiles.

[0061] Young's modulus: refers to the ratio of strain to stress, used to describe the ability of a solid material to resist deformation, with the unit being GPa.

[0062] Damping: refers to the physical phenomenon that a vibrating system is blocked and its energy dissipates over time.

[0063] Damping ratio: refers to the ratio of the system's damping to the critical damping, which describes how quickly the system's vibration decays.

[0064] Parallelism: The parallelism defined in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism, which allows for the existence of situations where the absolute parallelism is not caused by factors such as assembly tolerance, design tolerance, and structural flatness.

[0065] The performance of current on-board electrical devices in terms of vibration reduction and noise reduction needs to be improved. The embodiment of the present application provides an on-board electrical device, wherein the housing of the on-board electrical device is used to accommodate at least one electrical component of the on-board electrical device. The electrical component is used to achieve AC / DC conversion or power conversion.

[0066] The housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device includes a cover plate, and the cover plate includes a constraint layer, a first damping layer, a first spacing layer, a second damping layer and a base layer. The constraint layer, the first spacing layer and the base layer are stacked along a first direction. The distance between a base layer and at least one electrical component along the first direction is less than the distance between a first spacing layer or a constraint layer and at least one electrical component, and the first direction is parallel to the direction of a cover plate toward at least one electrical component. A base layer is used to support a constraint layer, a first damping layer, a first spacing layer, and a second damping layer. A base layer can also protect the electrical components in the housing.

[0067] A first damping layer is arranged between a constraining layer and a first spacer layer, and a second damping layer is arranged between a first spacer layer and a base layer. The Young's modulus of a first damping layer and a second damping layer are both smaller than the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer. The Young's modulus of a first spacer layer is smaller than the Young's modulus of at least one of a base layer or a constraining layer.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, the constraint layer can be used to directly constrain the deformation of the first damping layer, and can also cooperate with the spacing layer to improve the vibration reduction performance of the second damping layer. The base layer can be used to directly constrain the deformation of the second damping layer, and can also cooperate with the first spacing layer to improve the vibration reduction performance of the first damping layer.

[0069] The embodiment of the present application improves the energy consumption efficiency of the vehicle-mounted electrical device and enhances the effect of vibration reduction and noise reduction through the combination of the base layer, the first damping layer, the spacer layer, the second damping layer and the constraint layer. The vehicle-mounted electrical device provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a powertrain, and the powertrain containing the vehicle-mounted electrical device of the present application can be applied to an electric vehicle.

[0070] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electric vehicle 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the electric vehicle 1 refers to a wheeled device driven or towed by a power device. In the embodiment of the present application, the electric vehicle 1 includes a frame 20, a battery pack 30 and a powertrain 10. Among them, the frame 20 is the structural skeleton of the electric vehicle 1, and the frame 20 is used to fix the battery pack 30 and the powertrain 10, and can play a role in bearing the internal and external environmental loads of the electric vehicle 1. The battery pack 30 is used to supply power to the powertrain 10, and the battery pack 30 can also be called a power battery. The powertrain 10 is the power source of the electric vehicle 1, and the powertrain 10 is used to drive the wheels 40 of the electric vehicle 1.

[0071] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the structure of the powertrain 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application, in the embodiment of the present application, the powertrain 10 includes an on-board electrical device 100, a motor 200 and a reducer 300. The motor 200 is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the motor 200 is transmission-connected to the reducer 300 to drive the wheels 40 to rotate.

[0072] In one embodiment, the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 includes at least one of a motor controller, a vehicle-mounted charger, or a vehicle-mounted power distribution device. The motor controller is used to convert the direct current transmitted by the battery pack into alternating current, and transmit the alternating current to the motor. The vehicle-mounted charger is used to receive electrical energy from an external power source and charge the battery pack. The vehicle-mounted power distribution device is used to distribute the electrical energy output by the battery pack to the load of the electric vehicle.

[0073] Among them, the motor controller, the on-board charger and the on-board power distribution device involve the function of realizing AC-DC conversion or power conversion using the electrical component 120. Exemplarily, the electrical component 120 includes a capacitor module and a power module. The capacitor module is electrically connected between the battery pack and the power module. The capacitor module can smooth the voltage, reduce the inductance parameters and weaken the peak voltage. The power module refers to a combination of power electronic devices that can realize the power conversion function. The power electronic devices include at least one of an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a silicon carbide power tube, a silicon tube, a metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and a diode.

[0074] During the driving of the electric vehicle 1, the on-board electrical device 100 of the powertrain 10 will be subjected to vibrations from the road surface and the motor 200. Since there are a large number of electrical connections between the electrical components 120 of the on-board electrical device 100, if the vibration reduction performance of the on-board electrical device 100 is poor, the vibration may interfere with the electrical connection or even directly damage the electrical components 120, causing a negative impact on the normal operation of the on-board electrical device 100 and the powertrain 10.

[0075] The embodiment of the present application improves the structure of the cover plate in the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 to enhance the efficiency of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 in dissipating vibration energy, which is beneficial to enhancing the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 and further improving the NVH performance of the electric vehicle 1.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cover plate 110 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0077] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the housing 101 of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 is used to accommodate at least one electrical component 120 of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100. The housing 101 of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 includes a cover plate 110. Figure 3As shown, a cover plate 110 includes a constrained layer 113, a first damping layer 114a, a first spacer layer 112a, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111. A constrained layer 113, a first damping layer 114a, a first spacer layer 112a, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111 are stacked and arranged along a first direction A. Along the first direction A, a distance between a base layer 111 and at least one electrical component 120 is smaller than a distance between a first spacer layer 112a or a constrained layer 113 and at least one electrical component 120. The first direction A is parallel to a direction of a cover plate 110 toward at least one electrical component 120. A first damping layer 114a is arranged between a constrained layer 113 and a first spacer layer 112a, and a second damping layer 114b is arranged between a first spacer layer 112a and a base layer 111. The Young's modulus of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b are both smaller than the Young's modulus of a first spacing layer 112a. The Young's modulus of a first spacing layer 112a is smaller than the Young's modulus of any one of a base layer 111 and a constraining layer 113.

[0078] During the operation of the powertrain 10, the motor 200 is in a high-speed rotating state, and the on-board electrical device 100 will be subjected to vibration from the motor 200. If the on-board electrical device 100 has poor ability to dissipate vibration energy, when the vibration is transmitted to the vicinity of the electrical component 120, it may cause the electrical component 120 to be relatively displaced in the on-board electrical device 100, affecting the electrical connection state of the electrical component 120, and in severe cases, causing electrical failure. When the vibration directly acts on the electrical component 120, the electrical component 120 will also generate stress, thereby shortening the service life of the electrical component 120. In addition, the vibration can also be radiated to the entire vehicle through the on-board electrical device 100, which has a negative impact on the NVH performance of the vehicle.

[0079] To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present application improves the vibration reduction efficiency of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b by cooperating with each other through a constraint layer 113, a base layer 111 and a first spacing layer 112a in a cover plate 110.

[0080] In the embodiment of the present application, a constrained layer 113, a first damping layer 114a, a first spacer layer 112a, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111 are stacked and arranged along a first direction A. The two surfaces of a first damping layer 114a along the first direction A are respectively connected to a constrained layer 113 and a first spacer layer 112a, and the two surfaces of a second damping layer 114b along the first direction A are respectively connected to a first spacer layer 112a and a base layer 111.

[0081] Without considering the positional relationship, a cover plate 110 can be divided into three parts based only on the size of the Young's modulus. The first part includes a base layer 111 and a constraint layer 113, the second part includes a first spacer layer 112a, and the third part includes a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b. The Young's modulus of the first part is greater than that of the second part, and the Young's modulus of the second part is greater than that of the third part. Among them, the Young's modulus refers to the ability to resist deformation. When a cover plate 110 is vibrated, since the Young's modulus of the third part is the smallest, the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b in the third part are most likely to deform, and the energy of the vibration is dissipated during the deformation process, thereby playing a role in suppressing vibration. Exemplarily, the deformation of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b includes at least one of tensile deformation, bending deformation or shear deformation.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, the constraint layer 113 can be used to directly constrain the deformation of the first damping layer 114a, and can also cooperate with the first spacing layer 112a to improve the vibration reduction performance of the second damping layer 114b.

[0083] Specifically, the constraint layer 113 and a first damping layer 114a are arranged adjacent to each other along a first direction. When the first damping layer 114a is vibrated, since the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 113 is greater than that of the first damping layer 114a, the constraint layer 113 can directly hinder the tensile and bending deformation of the first damping layer 114a, so that shear deformation occurs inside the first damping layer 114a. Since shear deformation consumes more energy than tensile and bending deformation, the constraint layer 113 can enhance the dissipation effect of the first damping layer 114a on vibration energy.

[0084] A constraint layer 113 and a second damping layer 114b are arranged at intervals through the first spacer layer 112a. The Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a is between the constraint layer 113 and the second damping layer 114b. In terms of transitional shear deformation, the first spacer layer 112a can buffer the modulus difference between the constraint layer 113 and the second damping layer 114b. The combination of the constraint layer 113 and the first spacer layer 112a can achieve a multi-level constraint effect on the second damping layer 114b. In terms of amplified shear deformation, the first spacer layer 112a increases the distance between the constraint layer 113 and the second damping layer 114b, which is equivalent to the first spacer layer 112a playing a lever-like amplification role between the constraint layer 113 and the second damping layer 114b, which is conducive to increasing the shear deformation of the second damping layer 114b. In addition, the first spacer layer 112a itself can also dissipate vibration energy, adding a vibration energy dissipation channel in the cover plate 110.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, the base layer 111 can be used to directly constrain the deformation of the second damping layer 114b, and can also cooperate with the first spacing layer 112a to improve the vibration reduction performance of the first damping layer 114a.

[0086] Specifically, a base layer 111 and a second damping layer 114b are stacked and arranged adjacently along the first direction A, and the Young's modulus of the base layer 111 is greater than that of the second damping layer 114b, which can cause the second damping layer 114b to mainly produce shear deformation, thereby increasing the vibration energy dissipated by the second damping layer 114b due to deformation. A first spacer layer 112a is arranged between a base layer 111 and a first damping layer 114a along the first direction, and the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a is between the base layer 111 and the first damping layer 114a. The combination of the constraint layer 113 and the first spacer layer 112a can achieve a multi-level constraint effect on the first damping layer 114a, thereby increasing the shear deformation of the first damping layer 114a.

[0087] In addition, a base layer 111 is closer to the electrical component 120 in the housing 101 than a first spacing layer 112a or a constraint layer 113, and the base layer 111 belongs to the first part with the largest Young's modulus in the cover plate 110, which is conducive to improving the protective effect of the base layer 111 on the electrical component 120 in the housing 101 and the supporting effect on other layer structures in the cover plate 110. A constraint layer 113 faces the outside of a housing 101, and the constraint layer 113 also belongs to the first part with the largest Young's modulus in the cover plate 110, so that the constraint layer 113 can also be used to protect the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 from interference from the external environment.

[0088] In the embodiment of the present application, the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b are respectively directly constrained by the constraint layer 113 and the base layer 111 and mainly produce shear deformation. The first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b are also indirectly constrained by the base layer 111, the constraint layer 113 and the first spacer layer 112a, which is beneficial to improve the energy consumption efficiency of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b. The efficiency of dissipating vibration energy of a cover plate 110 is improved, which is beneficial to enhance the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100, and is beneficial to reduce the negative impact of vibration on the electrical components 120, ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 and the powertrain 10, and is also beneficial to block the propagation of vibration and noise in the powertrain 10, reduce the scope of vibration and noise in the whole vehicle, and improve the NVH performance of the whole vehicle.

[0089] In one embodiment, a first damping layer 114a is used to bond a constraint layer 113 to a first spacer layer 112a along a first direction A, and a second damping layer 114b is used to bond a first spacer layer 112a to a base layer 111 along a first direction A. In the embodiment of the present application, the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b can play a bonding role in addition to the vibration reduction role, without the need to add an additional bonding layer, which is conducive to reducing costs and reducing the overall thickness of the cover plate 110. Exemplarily, the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b are both polymer damping glue.

[0090] In one embodiment, the ratio of the Young's modulus of a constraining layer 113 to a first spacer layer 112a is smaller than the ratio of the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a to either a first damping layer 114a or a second damping layer 114b.

[0091] In the embodiment of the present application, taking the first damping layer 114a as an example, as mentioned above, a constrained layer 113, a first spacer layer 112a and a first damping layer 114a belong to the first part, the second part and the third part of a cover plate 110 respectively, and the Young's modulus of the three parts decreases successively. On this basis, the ratio of the Young's modulus of the constrained layer 113 to the first spacer layer 112a is less than the ratio of the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a to the first damping layer 114a, that is, between the constrained layer 113 and the first damping layer 114a, the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a is closer to that of the constrained layer 113. In the cover plate 110, the Young's modulus of the constrained layer 113 and the base layer 111 is the largest, which is equivalent to the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a is also relatively large, which is conducive to strengthening the constraint effect of the first spacer layer 112a on the first damping layer 114a. The ratio of the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a to the first damping layer 114a is relatively small, which is equivalent to a large difference between the Young's modulus of the first damping layer 114a and the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a, making the first damping layer 114a more likely to deform, enhancing the damping performance and improving the efficiency of the first damping layer 114a in dissipating vibration energy. The same is true for the second damping layer 114b.

[0092] In one embodiment, the Young's modulus of a constrained layer 113 is greater than or equal to 180 GPa and less than or equal to 220 GPa. The Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a is greater than or equal to 50 GPa and less than or equal to 80 GPa. 9 Pa.

[0093] In the embodiment of the present application, the Young's modulus of a constrained layer 113 is in the range of 180 GPa to 220 GPa. For example, the Young's modulus of a constrained layer 113 may be 180 GPa, 190 GPa, 200 GPa, 210 GPa or 220 GPa. According to the value range of the Young's modulus of the constrained layer 113, the material of the constrained layer 113 may be selected from any one of structural steel, galvanized steel, magnesium-plated steel and stainless steel.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present application, the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a is in the range of 50 GPa to 80 GPa. For example, the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a may be 50 GPa, 60 GPa, 70 GPa or 80 GPa. According to the value range of the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a, the material of the first spacer layer 112a may be selected from any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy and tin.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present application, based on the value range of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 113 and the value range of the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a, it can be concluded that the ratio of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 113 to the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer 112a is greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 4.4, ensuring that a constraint layer 113 and a first spacer layer 112a can achieve a gradient, multi-level constraint effect on a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b, enhance the degree of shear deformation of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b and the dissipation effect of vibration energy, thereby improving the vibration reduction performance of a cover plate 110.

[0096] In one embodiment, the value range of the Young's modulus of a base layer 111 is equal to the value range of the Young's modulus of a constraint layer 113, and the material of the base layer 111 is selected from any one of structural steel, galvanized steel, magnesium-plated steel and stainless steel, wherein the material of the base layer 111 may be the same as or different from the material of the constraint layer 113. The embodiment of the present application is conducive to strengthening the constraint effect of a base layer 111 on a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b, so that the shear deformation of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b can consume more vibration energy, thereby improving the vibration reduction performance of a cover plate 110.

[0097] It should be noted that the embodiment of the present application only schematically provides several values ​​of Young's modulus and corresponding materials for a constrained layer 113, a base layer 111 and a first spacer layer 112a, and does not represent the specific Young's modulus and material type. Those skilled in the art may make adjustments according to actual needs.

[0098] In one embodiment, the hardness of a base layer 111 is greater than the hardness of a first spacer layer 112a.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present application, a base layer 111 is located at one end of a cover plate 110 along the first direction A, and the base layer 111 faces at least one electrical component 120 in the housing 101. The hardness of the base layer 111 is greater than that of the first spacing layer 112a, which is conducive to improving the constraint effect of the base layer 111 on the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b. The structural strength of the base layer 111 is proportional to the hardness. The base layer 111 can better support other layer structures in a cover plate 110 and protect the electrical components 120 in the housing 101.

[0100] In one embodiment, the hardness of a constrained layer 113 is greater than the hardness of a first spacer layer 112a.

[0101] In an embodiment of the present application, a constraint layer 113 is located at the other end of a cover plate 110 along a first direction A. The hardness of a constraint layer 113 is greater than that of a first spacer layer 112a, which can enhance the constraint effect of a constraint layer 113 on a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b, thereby helping to enhance the damping performance of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b and improving the efficiency of the cover plate 110 in dissipating vibration energy.

[0102] In one embodiment, the hardness of a base layer 111 and a constraint layer 113 are both greater than the hardness of a first spacer layer 112a. The embodiment of the present application is conducive to improving the structural strength of the inner and outer ends of a cover plate 110, so that the base layer 111 and the constraint layer 113 provide dual protection for the electrical components in the housing 101. The embodiment of the present application is also conducive to enhancing the direct and indirect constraints on the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b.

[0103] In one embodiment, the thickness of a base layer 111 along the first direction A is greater than or equal to the thickness of a constrained layer 113 , and the thickness of a constrained layer 113 is greater than the thickness of a first spacer layer 112 a .

[0104] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness direction of a base layer 111 is parallel to the stacking direction of a base layer 111, a first spacer layer 112a and a constraint layer 113 in a cover plate 110. Among them, the thickness of a base layer 111 and the thickness of a constraint layer 113 are both greater than the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a, which is equivalent to a base layer 111 and a constraint layer 113 accounting for a relatively large proportion of the thickness of a cover plate 110, which is conducive to meeting the requirements of a base layer 111 and a constraint layer 113 for structural strength, and can also enhance the constraint effect of the base layer 111 and the constraint layer 113 on the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b. In addition, the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a is relatively reduced, which is conducive to controlling the overall thickness of a cover plate 110 within a suitable range.

[0105] In one embodiment, a ratio of a thickness of a base layer 111 to a thickness of a first spacer layer 112 a along the first direction A is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 6.

[0106] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of a base layer 111 along the first direction A needs to be controlled within an appropriate range: if the thickness of a base layer 111 is too large, the vibration energy of the entire cover plate 110 will be large, and the vibration will be difficult to suppress. If the thickness of a base layer 111 is too small, it will have a negative impact on the overall structural strength of the cover plate 110. In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the thickness of a base layer 111 to a first spacer layer 112a is between 2 and 6, which is beneficial to take into account the vibration reduction effect and structural strength of a cover plate 110. Exemplarily, the ratio of the thickness of a base layer 111 to the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0107] In one embodiment, the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a is greater than the thickness of any one of a first damping layer 114a or a second damping layer 114b. In the embodiment of the present application, if the thickness of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b is too large, they are prone to failure due to cracking during the deformation process. If the thickness of the first spacer layer 112a is too small, the effect of the first spacer layer 112a amplifying the shear deformation of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b will be weakened. The embodiment of the present application is conducive to taking into account the transition effect of the first spacer layer 112a and the service life of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b.

[0108] In one embodiment, the ratio of the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a to the thickness of any one of a first damping layer 114a or a second damping layer 114b along the first direction A is greater than or equal to 1.25 and less than or equal to 7.

[0109] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b along the first direction A needs to be controlled within a suitable range: if the thickness of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b is too large, they are prone to failure due to cracking during the deformation process. If the thickness of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b is too small, the degree of shear deformation is limited, and the effect of dissipating vibration energy will be negatively affected. In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a to any one of a first damping layer 114a or a second damping layer 114b is conducive to taking into account the service life and vibration reduction effect of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b. For example, taking the first damping layer 114a as an example, the ratio of the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a to the thickness of a first damping layer 114a is 1.25, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.

[0110] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 Another structural schematic diagram of a cover plate 110 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, a cover plate 110 further includes a second spacer layer 112b and a third damping layer 114c. The Young's modulus of a third damping layer 114c is less than the Young's modulus of a second spacer layer 112b. The Young's modulus of a second spacer layer 112b is less than the Young's modulus of any one of a base layer 111 or a constraint layer 113. Along the first direction A, a second damping layer 114b, a second spacer layer 112b, a third damping layer 114c and a base layer 111 are stacked in sequence.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, compared with Figure 3 The cover plate 110 shown, Figure 4 The cover plate 110 in the embodiment of the present invention has a second spacer layer 112b and a third damping layer 114c. The third damping layer 114c is located between the second spacer layer 112b and the base layer 111. The first damping layer 114a is located between the first spacer layer 112a and the second spacer layer 112b. According to the magnitude relationship of the Young's modulus, the second spacer layer 112b and the first spacer layer 112a belong to the second part of the cover plate 110, and the third damping layer 114c, the first damping layer 114a, and the second damping layer 114b belong to the third part of the cover plate 110.

[0112] In the embodiment of the present application, a second damping layer 114b is spaced from a constraint layer 113 by a first spacer layer 112a, and a second damping layer 114b is also spaced from a base layer 111 by a second spacer layer 112b. Although the addition of the second spacer layer 112b makes the second damping layer 114b not in direct contact with the constraint layer 113 or the base layer 111, the constraint layer 113 and the base layer 111 can respectively cooperate with the first spacer layer 112a and the second spacer layer 112b to realize the multi-level constraint effect on the second damping layer 114b. The base layer 111 is in direct contact with the third damping layer 114c, and the base layer 111 can directly constrain the tensile and bending deformation of the third damping layer 114c.

[0113] In the embodiment of the present application, a second spacer layer 112b is added to a cover plate 110, which further extends the energy dissipation channel and can strengthen the transition effect of a first spacer layer 112a and a second spacer layer 112b on shear deformation. A third damping layer 114c is added to a cover plate 110, which is conducive to increasing the vibration energy that a cover plate 110 can consume.

[0114] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 Another structural schematic diagram of the cover plate 110 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, along the first direction A, a constraining layer 113, a third damping layer 114c, a second spacing layer 112b and a first damping layer 114a are stacked in sequence.

[0115] In the embodiment of the present application, the constraint layer 113 and the base layer 111 can respectively cooperate with the second spacing layer 112b and the first spacing layer 112a to realize a multi-level constraint effect on the first damping layer 114a. The constraint layer 113 is in direct contact with the third damping layer 114c, and the constraint layer 113 can directly constrain the tensile and bending deformation of the third damping layer 114c.

[0116] In one embodiment, the sum of the thickness of a base layer 111 and a constraining layer 113 is greater than the sum of the thickness of a first spacing layer 112a and a second spacing layer 112b along the first direction A. The embodiment of the present application is conducive to ensuring that a base layer 111 and a constraining layer 113 account for a relatively large proportion of the thickness of a cover plate 110, thereby improving the structural strength and the constraining effect on the first damping layer 114a, the second damping layer 114b and the third damping layer 114c.

[0117] In one embodiment, the second spacer layer 112 b is consistent with the first spacer layer 112 a in terms of Young's modulus and thickness.

[0118] In one embodiment, the third damping layer 114c is consistent with the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b in terms of Young's modulus and thickness.

[0119] In one embodiment, the first spacing layer 112a and the second spacing layer 112b are collectively referred to as spacing layers, and the first damping layer 114a, the second damping layer 114b and the third damping layer 114c are collectively referred to as damping layers. If the number of layers needs to be increased in a cover plate 110, Figure 3 On the basis of the cover plate 110 shown, n spacing layers and n damping layers are added, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The cover plate 110 shown is based on Figure 3 The cover plate 110 shown has a spacer layer and a damping layer added.

[0120] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 Another structural schematic diagram of the cover plate 110 provided in an embodiment of the present application, in one embodiment, a cover plate 110 includes a first damping layer 114a, a constraining layer 113, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111. A first damping layer 114a, a constraining layer 113, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111 are stacked along a first direction A. A distance between a base layer 111 and at least one electrical component 120 along the first direction A is less than a distance between a first damping layer 114a and at least one electrical component 120. The first direction A is parallel to a direction of a cover plate 110 toward at least one electrical component 120. The Young's modulus of a first damping layer 114a and a Young's modulus of a second damping layer 114b are less than the Young's modulus of any one of a base layer 111 or a constraining layer 113.

[0121] In the embodiment of the present application, the constraint layer 113 can constrain the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b at the same time, thereby improving the utilization rate of the constraint layer 113. Under the constraint of one constraint layer 113, both the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b can produce shear deformation, thereby facilitating increasing the dissipation efficiency of vibration energy.

[0122] In an embodiment of the present application, the first damping layer 114a is spaced from the base layer 111 by a constraint layer 113. In one embodiment, when the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 113 is smaller than the Young's modulus of the base layer 111, the constraint layer 113 can also act like a spacing layer on the first damping layer 114a, thereby achieving a multi-level constraint effect on the first damping layer 114a and amplifying the shear deformation of the first damping layer 114a.

[0123] In the embodiment of the present application, the first damping layer 114 a faces the outside of one housing 101 , and the first damping layer 114 a can directly dissipate energy of vibration transmitted from the outside to the on-board electrical device 100 .

[0124] Below Figure 3 Taking the cover plate 110 shown as an example, a design method for the structural parameters of each layer in the cover plate 110 of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application is introduced.

[0125] First, the length, width and thickness of the cover plate 110 are set according to actual needs.

[0126] Then, a relationship model between the thickness and Young's modulus of a constraint layer 113, a first damping layer 114a, a first spacer layer 112a, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111 in the cover plate 110 and the damping ratio is established. Taking the damping ratio as the optimization target, by using methods such as genetic algorithms, by adjusting the thickness and Young's modulus of a constraint layer 113, a first damping layer 114a, a first spacer layer 112a, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111, the above relationship model can output an optimal damping ratio, and the thickness and Young's modulus of a constraint layer 113, a first damping layer 114a, a first spacer layer 112a, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111 corresponding to the optimal damping ratio are used as structural parameters of each layer in a cover plate 110.

[0127] The damping ratio refers to the ratio of the system's damping to the critical damping, and is used to describe how fast the system's vibration decays. Damping ratios greater than 1, equal to 1, or less than 1 correspond to overdamped systems, critically damped systems, and underdamped systems, respectively. When the system's damping ratio is less than 1, the system will produce a series of reciprocating motions before the energy is completely dissipated, and the amplitude of the vibration will gradually decay over time.

[0128] According to the above design method, in one embodiment, the length, width and thickness of a cover plate 110 are set to 80 mm, 25 mm and 1.6 mm respectively. A cover plate 110 includes a stacked constraint layer 113, a first damping layer 114a, a first spacer layer 112a, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111. The thickness of one base layer 111 is 0.75 mm, the Young's modulus of one base layer 111 is 200 GPa, and the material of the base layer 111 is structural steel. The thickness of one first spacer layer 112a is 0.25 mm, the Young's modulus of one first spacer layer 112a is 70 GPa, and the material of one first spacer layer 112a is aluminum. The thickness of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b is 0.05 mm, the material of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b is epoxy resin glue, and the Young's modulus of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b is 1 GPa. The thickness of a constraint layer 113 is 0.5 mm, the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 113 is 200 GPa, and the material of the constraint layer 113 is structural steel.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, the Young's modulus of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b are both smaller than the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a. The Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a is smaller than the Young's modulus of a base layer 111 and a constraint layer 113. The ratio of the Young's modulus of a constraint layer 113 to a first spacer layer 112a is smaller than the ratio of the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a to any one of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b. The embodiment of the present application is conducive to suppressing the tensile and bending deformation of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b, prompting the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b to dissipate vibration energy through shear deformation, and improving the vibration reduction performance of a cover plate 110.

[0130] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the thickness of a base layer 111 to the thickness of a first spacing layer 112a is 3, and the ratio of the thickness of a first spacing layer 112a to the thickness of any one of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b is 5. Reasonable distribution of the thickness of a base layer 111, a first spacing layer 112a, a first damping layer 114a, and a second damping layer 114b is beneficial to improving the structural strength of a base layer 111 and preventing a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b from cracking due to excessive thickness.

[0131] The damping ratio corresponding to the embodiment of the present application is less than 1, which is an under-damped system, indicating that a cover plate 110 provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively reduce vibration and noise.

[0132] According to the above design method, in another embodiment, the length, width and thickness of a cover plate 110 are set to 400 mm, 400 mm and 2.1 mm respectively, and the cover plate 110 includes a stacked constraint layer 113, a first damping layer 114a, a first spacer layer 112a, a second damping layer 114b and a base layer 111. The thickness of one base layer 111 is 1.25 mm, the Young's modulus of one base layer 111 is 200 GPa, and the material of one base layer 111 is structural steel. The thickness of one first spacer layer 112a is 0.25 mm, the Young's modulus of one first spacer layer 112a is 70 GPa, and the material of one first spacer layer 112a is aluminum. The thickness of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b is 0.05 mm, the material of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b is epoxy resin glue, and the Young's modulus of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b is 1 GPa. The thickness of a constraint layer 113 is 0.5 mm, the Young's modulus of a constraint layer 113 is 200 GPa, and the material of a constraint layer 113 is structural steel.

[0133] In the embodiment of the present application, the Young's modulus of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b are both smaller than the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a, and the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a is smaller than the Young's modulus of a base layer 111 and a constraint layer 113. The ratio of the Young's modulus of a constraint layer 113 to a first spacer layer 112a is smaller than the ratio of the Young's modulus of a first spacer layer 112a to any one of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b. The embodiment of the present application is conducive to suppressing the tensile and bending deformation of the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b, prompting the first damping layer 114a and the second damping layer 114b to dissipate vibration energy through shear deformation, and improving the vibration reduction performance of a cover plate 110.

[0134] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the thickness of a base layer 111 to the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a is 5, and the ratio of the thickness of a first spacer layer 112a to the thickness of any one of a first damping layer 114a and a second damping layer 114b is 5. Compared with the previous embodiment, the length and width of a cover plate 110 in this embodiment are increased, so it is necessary to increase the proportion of the thickness of a base layer 111 in the total thickness of a cover plate 110 accordingly to meet the requirements of structural strength.

[0135] The damping ratio corresponding to the embodiment of the present application is less than 1, which is an under-damped system, indicating that a cover plate 110 provided in the embodiment of the present application can effectively reduce vibration and noise.

[0136] The above is a detailed introduction to the on-board electrical device, powertrain and electric vehicle provided in the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present application. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific embodiments and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present application.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted electrical device, characterized in that: The housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device is used to accommodate at least one electrical component of the vehicle-mounted electrical device, and the housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device includes a cover plate, and the cover plate includes: A constraining layer, a first spacing layer and a base layer, wherein the constraining layer, the first spacing layer and the base layer are stacked along a first direction, a distance between the base layer and the at least one electrical component along the first direction is smaller than a distance between the first spacing layer or the constraining layer and the at least one electrical component, and the first direction is parallel to a direction of the cover plate toward the at least one electrical component; a first damping layer and a second damping layer, wherein the first damping layer is arranged between the constraining layer and the first spacing layer, and the second damping layer is arranged between the first spacing layer and the base layer; The Young's modulus of the first damping layer and the Young's modulus of the second damping layer are both smaller than the Young's modulus of the first spacing layer, and the Young's modulus of the first spacing layer is smaller than the Young's modulus of any one of the base layer and the constraining layer.

2. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first damping layer is used to bond the constraining layer to the first spacing layer along the first direction, and the second damping layer is used to bond the first spacing layer to the base layer along the first direction.

3. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A ratio of Young's modulus of the one constraining layer to the one first spacing layer is smaller than a ratio of Young's modulus of the one first spacing layer to any one of the one first damping layer or the one second damping layer.

4. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The Young's modulus of the constrained layer is greater than or equal to 180 GPa and less than or equal to 220 GPa, and the Young's modulus of the first spacer layer is greater than or equal to 50 GPa and less than or equal to 80 GPa.

5. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hardness of at least one of the one base layer or the one constraining layer is greater than the hardness of the one first spacing layer.

6. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The thickness of the base layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to the thickness of the constrained layer, and the thickness of the constrained layer is greater than the thickness of the first spacer layer.

7. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A ratio of a thickness of the base layer to a thickness of the first spacing layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 6.

8. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the first spacing layer is greater than the thickness of any one of the first damping layer or the second damping layer.

9. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A ratio of a thickness of the first spacing layer to a thickness of either the first damping layer or the second damping layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to 1.25 and less than or equal to 7.

10. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The cover plate further comprises a second spacer layer and a third damping layer, the Young's modulus of the third damping layer is smaller than the Young's modulus of the second spacer layer, and the Young's modulus of the second spacer layer is smaller than the Young's modulus of any one of the base layer or the constraint layer, wherein: The second damping layer, the second spacing layer, the third damping layer and the base layer are sequentially stacked along the first direction; or, The one constraining layer, the one third damping layer, the one second spacing layer and the one first damping layer are stacked in sequence along the first direction.

11. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to claim 10, characterized in that: The sum of the thicknesses of the one base layer and the one constrained layer along the first direction is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the one first spacer layer and the one second spacer layer.

12. A vehicle-mounted electrical device, characterized in that: The housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device is used to accommodate at least one electrical component of the vehicle-mounted electrical device, and the housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device includes a cover plate, and the cover plate includes: A first damping layer, a constraining layer, a second damping layer and a base layer, wherein the first damping layer, the constraining layer, the second damping layer and the base layer are stacked and arranged along a first direction, a distance between the base layer and the at least one electrical component along the first direction is smaller than a distance between the first damping layer and the at least one electrical component, and the first direction is parallel to a direction of the cover plate toward the at least one electrical component; The Young's modulus of the one first damping layer and the Young's modulus of the one second damping layer are smaller than the Young's modulus of any one of the one base layer or the one constraining layer.

13. The vehicle-mounted electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that: The on-board electrical device includes at least one of a motor controller, an on-board charger or an on-board power distribution device.

14. A powertrain, characterized in that: The powertrain comprises a motor, a reducer and an on-board electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the on-board electrical device is used to transmit electrical energy to the motor through electrical components, and the motor is used to convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmit the mechanical energy to the reducer; In the cover plate of the vehicle-mounted electrical device, the thickness of a base layer along the first direction is greater than or equal to the thickness of a constraint layer, the thickness of a constraint layer is greater than the thickness of a first spacing layer, and the thickness of a first spacing layer is greater than the thickness of either a first damping layer or a second damping layer.

15. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: The electric vehicle comprises a frame, a battery pack and a powertrain as described in claim 14, wherein the frame is used to fix the battery pack and the powertrain, the battery pack is used to provide electrical energy to the motor in the powertrain, and the powertrain is used to drive the wheels of the electric vehicle.

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