Phase shift sine function wave crossing type fuel cell flow field structure

Abstract

The utility model discloses a phase shift sine function wave crossing type fuel cell flow field structure which comprises a polar plate and a runner ridge, the flow channel ridges are arranged in the polar plate, the flow channel ridges are arranged in a plurality of groups, and the flow channel ridges are uniformly distributed on the polar plate; each group of runner ridges is provided with a periodic cross space, and the cross space is used for periodically balancing the gas flow of the fuel cell; an external flow channel is arranged between every two adjacent flow channel ridges, and a phase difference exists between every two adjacent flow channel ridges. According to the utility model, the gas flow area of the fuel cell is periodically changed, the flow speed and pressure of fluid at each position point in the fluid channel can be changed, a rough surface can be formed in the channel to generate turbulent flow to promote the mixing of gas of a consumption layer and gas of a rich layer, a reaction medium can be more effectively transferred, and generated water can be more effectively discharged; the method has the advantages of improving pile performance, improving reaction efficiency, prolonging pile life and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a chemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electrical energy. It is also called an electrochemical generator. It is the fourth power generation technology after hydroelectric power generation, thermal power generation, and atomic power generation. Since fuel cells convert part of the Gibbs free energy in the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, they are not limited by the Carnot cycle effect and therefore have high efficiency. In addition, fuel cells use fuel and oxygen as raw materials and have no mechanical transmission parts, so they emit very little harmful gas and have a long service life.

[0003] A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy of fuel and oxidant directly into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. In theory, fuel cells can operate at a thermal efficiency close to 100%, which is very economical. Due to the limitations of various technical factors and the energy consumption of the entire device system, the total conversion efficiency of various fuel cells currently in operation is mostly in the range of 45% to 60%. If heat exhaust utilization is taken into account, it can reach more than 80%. In addition, fuel cell devices contain no or very few moving parts, work reliably, require less maintenance, and are quieter than traditional generator sets. In addition, isothermal electrochemical methods directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy without going through a thermal engine process, and are not restricted by the Carnot cycle. Therefore, the energy conversion efficiency is high, and the reaction is clean and complete, with very few harmful substances produced. It is becoming an ideal way to utilize energy. The structure of existing fuel cells generally includes:

[0004] Electrolyte diaphragm: Hydrogen oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction occur on both sides respectively, electrons perform work through the external circuit, and the reaction product is water.

[0005] Fuel supply subsystem: responsible for supplying fuel, such as hydrogen, to the battery.

[0006] Oxidant supply subsystem: usually supplies oxygen or air.

[0007] Water and heat management subsystem: responsible for managing the water and heat in the battery to keep the battery in optimal working condition.

[0008] Power management and control subsystem: responsible for battery power output and control.

[0009] Fuel cell stack: It is composed of multiple single fuel cells connected in series to provide the required voltage and current.

[0010] Membrane electrode assembly (MEA): It is the core component of the fuel cell, including membrane, catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer. The catalyst layer is closely attached to both sides of the proton exchange membrane, hydrogen is oxidized in the anode catalyst layer, and oxygen is reduced in the cathode catalyst layer.

[0011] Bipolar plates: conduct electrons, distribute reaction gases and assist in the discharge of generated water. The material is required to be a good conductor of electricity and heat, with a certain strength and gas density.

[0012] Gas diffusion layers (GDLs): Usually in direct contact with the flow channels on the bipolar plates, they provide mechanical support, electron conduction, reaction gas diffusion, and drainage.

[0013] Seal: Used to seal the battery pack to prevent gas leakage.

[0014] At present, the flow channel structure of fuel cells is mostly a linear structure, the gas flow rate is relatively stable, and there is no obvious gas flow rate change rate. The water generated by the fuel cell cannot be discharged effectively and quickly, which also affects the efficiency of the fuel cell and has certain defects. Utility Model Content

[0015] The utility model aims to provide a phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure to change the change of fuel cell gas flow rate, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0016] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure, including a polar plate and a flow channel ridge;

[0017] The flow channel ridges are arranged inside the electrode plate, the flow channel ridges are arranged in multiple groups, and the flow channel ridges are evenly distributed on the electrode plate;

[0018] Each group of the flow channel ridges has a periodic cross space, and the cross space is used to periodically balance the gas flow of the fuel cell;

[0019] There is an external flow channel between two adjacent groups of flow channel ridges, and there is a phase difference between two adjacent groups of flow channel ridges.

[0020] Furthermore, the flow channel ridge is wavy.

[0021] Furthermore, the flow channel ridge is a sinusoidal function waveform.

[0022] Furthermore, the phase difference between the two flow channel ridges in the same group is 180°, and the intersection space is formed between the two flow channel ridges and the two intersection points.

[0023] Furthermore, the phase difference between two adjacent groups of flow channel ridges is 90°.

[0024] Furthermore, the spindle-shaped region formed at the intersection of the flow channel ridges in the same group periodically has internal flow channels with gradually decreasing flow areas.

[0025] Furthermore, the cross-section of the internal flow channel is an isosceles triangle structure.

[0026] Furthermore, the cross-section of the internal flow channel is a double rectangular structure, and the widths of the two rectangles are not equal.

[0027] Furthermore, the spindle-shaped area formed at the intersection position of the flow channel ridges in the same group periodically has a vertical slope, and the height of the slope is not greater than the depth of the intersection space.

[0028] Furthermore, the height of the slope is equal to the depth of the intersection space.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The utility model has a fuel cell gas flow area that changes periodically, which can change the fluid flow rate and pressure at each position point in the fluid channel, and can form a rough surface inside the flow channel to generate turbulence to promote the mixing of the depleted layer gas and the enriched layer gas, more effectively transfer the reaction medium and more effectively discharge the generated water, which has the advantages of improving the performance of the fuel cell stack, improving the reaction efficiency, and extending the life of the fuel cell stack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure of the utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the triangular internal flow channel structure of the phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the double rectangular internal flow channel structure of the phase-shifted sine function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the sloped internal flow channel structure of the phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with a schematic diagram, wherein a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, and it should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the present invention described herein while still achieving the beneficial effects of the present invention. Therefore, the following description should be understood as being widely known to those skilled in the art, and not as a limitation to the present invention.

[0036] The present invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It should be noted that the accompanying drawings are in very simplified form and in non-precise proportions, and are only used to conveniently and clearly assist in explaining the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the utility model proposes a phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure, including a pole plate 1 and a flow channel ridge 2.

[0038] Specifically, the flow channel ridges 2 are arranged inside the electrode plate 1 , a plurality of groups of the flow channel ridges 2 are arranged, and the flow channel ridges 2 are evenly distributed on the electrode plate 1 .

[0039] Each group of the flow channel ridges 2 has a periodic cross space 3, and the cross space 3 is used to periodically balance the gas flow of the fuel cell.

[0040] There is an external flow channel 5 between two adjacent groups of the flow channel ridges 2, and there is a phase difference between two adjacent groups of the flow channel ridges 2.

[0041] The flow field structure of a fuel cell is a key part of its design. It directly affects the distribution of the reaction gas, water management, and thermal management, which in turn affects the performance and life of the battery. Common flow field designs include straight flow channels, serpentine flow channels, and AC-DC flow channels. These designs have their own advantages and disadvantages. For example, a serpentine flow field helps improve the uniformity of gas distribution, but may result in a higher pressure drop.

[0042] In this embodiment, the flow field structure of the fuel cell has a periodically changing cross space 3. During the flow of the fuel cell gas, when the fuel cell gas passes through a narrower area of ​​the cross space 3, the flow rate of the fuel cell gas increases and the pressure increases; and when the fuel gas passes through a wider area of ​​the cross space 3, the flow rate of the fuel cell gas slows down and the pressure decreases. During the operation of the fuel cell, the flow rate and pressure of the fuel cell gas change continuously, and a rough surface can be formed inside the flow channel to generate turbulence to promote the mixing of the consumption layer gas and the enrichment layer gas, more effectively transfer the reaction medium and more effectively discharge the generated water, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0043] Furthermore, the flow channel ridge 2 is wavy.

[0044] Specifically, the flow channel ridge 2 is a sinusoidal function waveform, the phase difference between the two flow channel ridges 2 in the same group is 180°, and the intersection space 3 is formed between the two flow channel ridges 2 and the two intersection points.

[0045] In this embodiment, two flow channel ridges 2 are cross-arranged, and the phase difference between the two flow channel ridges 2 is 180°, a cross space 3 is formed between two adjacent intersections, and the cross space 3 is arranged periodically, thereby being able to perform periodic flow balance on the fuel cell gas.

[0046] In addition, the phase difference between the two adjacent groups of flow channel ridges 2 is 90°. A flow channel with a changing cross-sectional area is formed between the two groups of flow channel ridges 2, so that the speed and pressure of the fuel cell gas flow can be changed, and a rough surface can be formed inside the flow channel to generate turbulence to promote the mixing of the consumption layer gas and the enrichment layer gas, more effectively transfer the reaction medium and more effectively discharge the generated water, which has the advantages of improving the performance of the fuel cell stack, improving the reaction efficiency, and extending the life of the fuel cell stack.

[0047] Furthermore, the spindle-shaped region formed at the intersection of the flow channel ridges 2 in the same group periodically has internal flow channels 4 with gradually decreasing flow areas.

[0048] Specifically, Figure 2 As shown, the cross section of the internal flow channel 4 is an isosceles triangle structure. Figure 3 As shown, the cross-section of the internal flow channel 4 is a double rectangular structure, and the widths of the two rectangles are not equal.

[0049] The cross-section is an isosceles triangle or a double rectangular structure, which can provide space for changing the flow cross-sectional area, thereby changing the flow rate and pressure of the fuel cell gas, thereby improving the conversion efficiency of the fuel cell.

[0050] In addition to the above structure for changing the gas flow cross-sectional area of ​​the fuel cell, it can also be: Figure 4 As shown, the spindle-shaped region formed at the intersection of the same group of flow channel ridges 2 periodically has a vertical slope 6 (internal flow channel), and the height of the slope 6 is not greater than the depth of the intersection space 3, and the height H of the slope 6 is equal to the depth D of the intersection space 3. This structure can also change the area of ​​the fuel cell gas flow cross section, thereby changing the flow speed and flow pressure of the fuel cell gas.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0052] The utility model has a periodically changing fuel cell gas flow area, which can change the fluid flow rate and pressure at each position point in the fluid channel, and can form a rough surface inside the flow channel to generate turbulence to promote the mixing of the consumption layer gas and the enrichment layer gas, more effectively transfer the reaction medium and more effectively discharge the generated water, which has the advantages of improving the performance of the fuel cell, improving the reaction efficiency, and extending the life of the fuel cell.

[0053] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure, characterized in that: including plates and flow channel ridges; The flow channel ridges are arranged inside the electrode plate, the flow channel ridges are arranged in multiple groups, and the flow channel ridges are evenly distributed on the electrode plate; Each group of the flow channel ridges has a periodic cross space, and the cross space is used to periodically balance the gas flow of the fuel cell; There is an external flow channel between two adjacent groups of flow channel ridges, and there is a phase difference between two adjacent groups of flow channel ridges.

2. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow channel ridge is wavy.

3. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow channel ridge is a sinusoidal function waveform.

4. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The phase difference between the two flow channel ridges in the same group is 180°, and the intersection space is formed between the two flow channel ridges and the two intersection points.

5. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The phase difference between two adjacent groups of flow channel ridges is 90°.

6. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spindle-shaped regions formed at the intersections of the flow channel ridges in the same group periodically have internal flow channels with gradually decreasing flow areas.

7. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross section of the internal flow channel is an isosceles triangle structure.

8. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross section of the internal flow channel is a double rectangular structure, and the widths of the two rectangles are unequal.

9. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spindle-shaped regions formed at the intersection positions of the flow channel ridges in the same group periodically have vertical slopes, and the height of the slopes is not greater than the depth of the intersection space.

10. The phase-shifted sinusoidal function wave cross-type fuel cell flow field structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The height of the slope is equal to the depth of the intersection space.

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