Horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure for steep side slope slag heap of abandoned mine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of abandoned mine restoration, and particularly relates to an abandoned mine steep side slope slag pile horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure which comprises a reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer, a porous plant-growing concrete layer, a plant-growing bag layer and an active protective net which are sequentially arranged on the surface of a slag layer. The plant-growing bag layer is fixed on the slope surface through the active protective net and the anchor rod system, and plant seeds used for forming regreening vegetation on the surface of the plant-growing bag layer are arranged in the plant-growing bag layer. According to the utility model, a combined structure of the vegetation bag layer and the porous vegetation concrete layer is adopted, so that the growth space of the root system of the regreening vegetation is effectively extended, the water holding capacity of the plant growth matrix, the nutrition supply level of the plant and the wind and rain erosion resistance of the vegetation are remarkably improved, and the seepage-proofing and regreening effects are stable and lasting; meanwhile, the vegetation bag layer is stabilized through the active protective net and the anchor rod system, the stability of the structure is improved, and the structure is particularly suitable for seepage prevention and ecological reconstruction of steep slope slag piles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of abandoned mine restoration, and in particular relates to a horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure for a slag pile on a steep slope of an abandoned mine. Background Art

[0002] my country's mineral resources are distributed in large quantities and over a wide area. A large amount of waste slag is generated during the mining and processing of minerals. Over the years, heavy development and little management have led to serious problems in land reclamation and ecological restoration. A large amount of waste slag is piled up in disorder. Affected by atmospheric precipitation, surface runoff, etc., the heavy metal pollution factors in the waste slag will pollute the soil and water bodies, forming a diffuse migration state centered on the waste slag pile, endangering the local environmental quality and the health of residents. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the waste slag pile to eliminate or reduce its environmental hazards.

[0003] The widely used mine restoration technology at present is "concrete / geomembrane anti-seepage + spraying matrix layer". After shaping the slag pile, anti-seepage is carried out and the original ecology of the slope after anti-seepage is restored. However, there are the following problems:

[0004] (1) The common practice of spraying soil after concrete / geomembrane anti-seepage is generally only applicable to gentle slopes (slope ≤ 20°) due to the poor adhesion of the matrix layer. For slag piles in steeper areas (slope > 20°), effective greening after anti-seepage barrier is an engineering problem.

[0005] (2) The plant roots cannot penetrate into the anti-seepage layer at the bottom of the spraying substrate layer, nor can they absorb water and nutrients from the bottom, resulting in limited plant growth;

[0006] (3) The spray-seeding matrix layer is easily eroded and slipped due to climatic disturbances such as wind and rain, which affects the regreening effect.

[0007] In view of this, how to improve the existing slag pile slope barrier, anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure to adapt to steeper slopes and improve the stability and durability of ecological restoration is an engineering problem that needs to be solved urgently. Utility Model Content

[0008] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure for slag piles on steep slopes of abandoned mines, which can extend the growth space of plant roots, significantly improve the water holding capacity of plant growth matrix, the nutrient supply level of plants and the ability of vegetation to resist wind and rain erosion, and has stable and lasting anti-seepage and greening effects on slag piles on steep slopes.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the utility model is a horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure for slag heaps on steep slopes of abandoned mines, comprising a reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer, a porous vegetation concrete layer, a vegetation bag layer, and an active protection net sequentially arranged on the surface of the slag layer; the vegetation bag layer is fixed to the slope surface by the active protection net and the anchor system, and the vegetation bag layer contains plant seeds for forming green vegetation on the surface of the vegetation bag layer.

[0010] As one of the implementation modes, the thickness of the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer is 10 to 15 cm.

[0011] As one of the implementation modes, the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer is provided with a deformation joint every 10 to 20 m in the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0012] As one of the implementation modes, the porous vegetation concrete layer has a thickness of 10 to 30 cm, a porosity of 15% to 35%, and a compressive strength of ≥10 MPa.

[0013] As one of the implementation modes, the pores of the porous vegetation concrete layer are filled with biocompatible materials.

[0014] As one of the implementation modes, the vegetation bag layer is formed by the vegetation bags naturally falling from the slope surface of the porous vegetation concrete layer, and the vegetation bags are fixed to the anchor rod ends of the anchor rod system by ropes.

[0015] As one of the embodiments, the anchor rod system includes a long anchor rod and a short anchor rod. The long anchor rod sequentially penetrates the porous green concrete layer, the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer, the slag layer and extends into the bedrock layer. The short anchor rod sequentially penetrates the porous green concrete layer, the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer and extends into the slag layer.

[0016] As one of the implementation modes, grouting holes are provided on both the long anchor rod and the short anchor rod.

[0017] As one of the implementation modes, the slope surface of the slag layer is graded with horse paths, and the horse paths are provided with transverse drainage ditches.

[0018] As one of the implementation modes, the width of the horseway is 1.5 to 4 m, and the distance between two adjacent levels of the horseway in the height direction is 6 to 10 m.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The utility model adopts a combined structure of a vegetation bag layer and a porous vegetation concrete layer, which effectively extends the growth space of the roots of the regreening vegetation, significantly improves the water holding capacity of the plant growth matrix, the nutrient supply level of the plants, and the resistance of the vegetation to wind and rain erosion. The anti-seepage and regreening effects are stable and lasting. At the same time, the vegetation bag layer is stabilized by an active protective net and an anchor system to improve the stability of the structure. It is particularly suitable for the anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of slag heaps on steep slopes;

[0021] (2) The abundant pores inside the porous vegetation concrete layer of the utility model can store sufficient water and nutrients for plants, and the plant roots can extend into the gaps in the porous vegetation concrete layer below the vegetation bag layer, which helps to improve the stability of the plant roots and the plant's ability to resist wind and rain erosion;

[0022] (3) The utility model adopts a vegetation bag layer to replace the traditional spraying soil matrix layer, which can effectively prevent the loss of soil matrix under the action of gravity and wind, and is beneficial to water and fertilizer conservation and plant regeneration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure for a slag heap on a steep slope of an abandoned mine provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] In the figure: 1. Bedrock layer; 2. Sedimentary soil layer; 3. Slag layer; 4. Reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer; 5. Porous vegetation concrete layer; 6. Vegetation bag layer; 7. Regreening vegetation; 8. Long anchor rod; 9. Short anchor rod; 10. Anchor rod end; 11. Horseway; 12. Horizontal drainage ditch; 13. Active protection net. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features; in the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure for slag heaps on steep slopes of abandoned mines, comprising a reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4, a porous vegetation concrete layer 5, a vegetation bag layer 6, and an active protection net 13, which are sequentially arranged on the surface of a slag layer 3; the vegetation bag layer 6 is fixed to the slope surface by the active protection net 13 and an anchor system, and the vegetation bag layer 6 contains plant seeds for forming green vegetation 7 on the surface of the vegetation bag layer 6.

[0030] This embodiment adopts a combined structure of a vegetation bag layer 6 and a porous vegetation concrete layer 5, which can not only protect the stability of the slope, but also effectively extend the root growth space of the greening vegetation 7, create a good ecological environment, and significantly improve the water holding capacity of the plant growth matrix, the nutrient supply level of the plants, and the vegetation's ability to resist wind and rain erosion. The anti-seepage and greening effects are stable and lasting. At the same time, the vegetation bag layer 6 is stabilized by the active protection net 13 and the anchor rod system to improve the stability of the structure. It is particularly suitable for the anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of slag piles on steeper slopes (slope > 20°).

[0031] In this embodiment, the thickness of the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4 is 10 to 15 cm. The reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4 is constructed by using C30 concrete on the surface of the compacted slag layer 3 to prevent water penetration and enhance the stability of the overall structure. Furthermore, the top surface of the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4 is roughened to facilitate effective connection with the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 on the upper layer.

[0032] The above embodiment is optimized, and the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4 is provided with a deformation joint every 10 to 20 meters in the horizontal and vertical directions, which can effectively reduce the influence of deformation and stress caused by factors such as uneven foundation settlement on the overall structure. In one embodiment, the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4 is provided with a deformation joint every 15 meters in the horizontal and vertical directions, and water stopping treatment is performed in the joint.

[0033] In this embodiment, the thickness of the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 is 10 to 30 cm, the porosity is 15% to 35%, and the compressive strength is ≥ 10 MPa. The vegetation concrete used in the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 is a porous concrete with a high porosity and no fine aggregate. It relies on cement to bond coarse aggregate to form a stable structure with interconnected pores, which can provide good water and nutrient supply for plant growth. In the middle and late stages of plant growth and development, the developed root system will penetrate the vegetation bag layer 6 and penetrate into the voids of the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 to extend and grow, so that the plant and concrete are integrated to form an environmentally friendly slope protection structure with a certain strength and vegetation coverage, further improving the stability of the slope. At the same time, the abundant pores inside the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 can intercept sufficient water and nutrients for plant root absorption. Preferably, the porosity of the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 is 20% to 25%.

[0034] Among them, the vegetation concrete can use sulphoaluminate cement instead of traditional silicate cement as the cementitious material, because the hydration products of sulphoaluminate cement are calcium sulfoaluminate and monosulfur calcium sulfoaluminate, and the pH value of the pore solution of the hardened slurry is lower than that of silicate cement, which is more suitable for plant growth, and effectively solves the problem that the pore solution in the single porous vegetation concrete layer 5 is alkaline and the plants are difficult to survive in the initial stage of maintenance. Sulphoaluminate cement can also be modified by inorganic porous materials or organic highly absorbent polymers, such as bentonite and zeolite, to improve the water absorption, water retention and porosity of the hydrated slurry, creating a better environment for plant growth.

[0035] The above embodiment is optimized, and the pores of the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 are filled with suitable materials. Suitable materials can be erosion-resistant nutrient soil, fertilizer and other materials, which are filled into the pores of the porous vegetation concrete layer 5, which is conducive to the growth of plants. Plant seeds can also be directly mixed into the suitable materials, and the plant seeds are cultivated by the suitable materials to germinate and grow.

[0036] In one of the embodiments, the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 has a porosity of 22%, a compressive strength of 11 MPa, a thickness of 15 cm, and uses bentonite-modified sulphoaluminate cement as a cementitious material. Erosion-resistant nutrient soil and fertilizer are filled into the pores of the porous concrete, so that the rich pores inside can also store sufficient water and nutrients for the plants.

[0037] In this embodiment, the vegetation bag layer 6 is formed by the vegetation bag naturally falling from the slope of the porous vegetation concrete layer 5. The vegetation bag is fixed to the anchor rod end 10 of the anchor rod system by a rope, and the vegetation bag is fixed to the slope by an active protection net 13 to form a flexible ecological slope to achieve the slope greening effect. The vegetation bag has a simple construction process, low engineering cost, good greening effect, and is suitable for various terrains and environments. It can effectively prevent problems such as soil erosion and landslides, and provide a good growth environment for plants.

[0038] The diameter of the vegetation bag used in this embodiment is 10 to 15 cm. The bag is filled with the nutrient matrix required for plant growth, and plant seeds are mixed in the nutrient matrix. Among them, the nutrient matrix is ​​made by mixing light soil, organic fiber, peat soil, humus, compound fertilizer, etc. in a certain proportion. The organic fiber can be straw fiber or decomposed sawdust of broad-leaved trees. The humus can be decomposed feces, such as chicken manure and cow manure. The fertilizer can be a slow-release long-acting compound fertilizer; plant seeds can be selected according to factors such as climate and soil conditions. Pioneer dominant species with strong resistance to drought, barrenness and stress. Preferably, water-retaining agent and soil conditioner are also added to the nutrient matrix. Tailing paste, rice husk, lime, vermiculite, etc. can be used as soil conditioners for planting base to improve the nutritional level.

[0039] In one embodiment, the vegetation bag layer 6 is a 10 cm diameter vegetation bag, which is naturally dropped along the top of the porous vegetation concrete layer 5 in a long strip shape. The vegetation bag is fixed to the anchor rod end 10 by a rope, and the surface is further fixed by an active protective net 13. The nutrient matrix inside the vegetation bag is: 70% fertile light loam in the vegetable garden, 20% peat soil, 10% organic fertilizer, and an appropriate amount of water retaining agent and insect repellent are added. The plant seeds are Lespedeza, Cynodon dactylon, Cosmos, Alfalfa, Perennial Rye Grass, Vitex, and Thorn.

[0040] Furthermore, high-level water tanks can be built to achieve one-click gravity irrigation of the entire area, ensuring the water supply required by plants and reducing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0041] To refine the above embodiment, the anchor rod system includes a long anchor rod 8 and a short anchor rod 9. The long anchor rod 8 sequentially penetrates the porous vegetation concrete layer 5, the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4, the slag layer 3 and extends into the bedrock layer 1; the short anchor rod 9 sequentially penetrates the porous vegetation concrete layer 5, the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4 and extends into the slag layer 3. Among them, the long anchor rod 8 extends into the bedrock, which can provide a strong core support force for the slope and play a core role in stabilizing the slope; the short anchor rod 9 extends into the slag layer 3, which can strengthen the connection between the vegetation bag layer 6 and the slag layer 3, and improve the local stability of the slope; through the coordinated use of the long anchor rod 8 and the short anchor rod 9, an effective anchoring system is formed to improve the stability of the slope and prevent the occurrence of landslides or collapses. Preferably, the long anchor rod 8 and the short anchor rod 9 are arranged at staggered intervals, which helps to evenly distribute the support force and reduce stress concentration, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire anchor rod system.

[0042] In this embodiment, both the long anchor rod 8 and the short anchor rod 9 can be an anchor rod structure with an anchor pipe sleeve, that is, the anchor rod is fixed on the central axis of the anchor pipe, taking the advantages of both the anchor pipe and the anchor rod. Among them, the long anchor rod 8 is longer than the short anchor rod 9. Further, the long anchor rod 8 and the short anchor rod 9 are both provided with grouting holes. Specifically, the anchor pipes of the long anchor rod 8 and the short anchor rod 9 are both provided with grouting holes, through which hydrated cementitious materials (such as cement slurry) can be injected into the slag layer 3 to solidify the slag, and combined with the anchoring effect of the anchor rod, the strength and stability of the structure are improved.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the slope of the slag layer 3 is graded with a horseway 11, and a transverse drainage ditch 12 is arranged on the horseway 11. When the slag pile after the dangerous rock mass is removed is cut and shaped, the horseway 11 can be graded and reserved, and the horseway 11 and the slag at the bottom of the slope are compacted, with a compaction degree of ≥90%, to improve the density and bearing capacity of the slag layer 3, thereby providing a solid foundation for the subsequent construction of the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4, and then the anchor system, reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer 4, porous vegetation concrete layer 5, vegetation bag layer 6, and active protection net 13 are constructed in sequence. Among them, the transverse drainage ditch 12 is set close to the foot of the slope, which can intercept the surface runoff formed by atmospheric rainfall, minimize the direct scouring effect of rainwater on the slope, and maintain the integrity and stability of the slope.

[0044] Furthermore, the width of the horseway 11 is 1.5 to 4 m, and the distance between two adjacent levels of the horseway 11 in the height direction is 6 to 10 m.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction structure for slag heaps on steep slopes of abandoned mines, characterized by: It includes a reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer, a porous vegetation concrete layer, a vegetation bag layer, and an active protection net which are sequentially arranged on the surface of the slag layer; the vegetation bag layer is fixed to the slope surface by the active protection net and the anchor rod system, and the vegetation bag layer contains plant seeds for forming green vegetation on the surface of the vegetation bag layer.

2. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of the slag heap on the steep slope of abandoned mines as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer is 10 to 15 cm.

3. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of slag heap on steep slope of abandoned mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer is provided with a deformation joint every 10 to 20 meters in the horizontal and vertical directions.

4. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of the slag heap on the steep slope of abandoned mines as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The porous vegetation concrete layer has a thickness of 10 to 30 cm, a porosity of 15% to 35%, and a compressive strength of ≥10 MPa.

5. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of slag heap on steep slope of abandoned mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The pores in the porous vegetation concrete layer are filled with biocompatible materials.

6. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of slag heap on steep slope of abandoned mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The vegetation bag layer is formed by the vegetation bags naturally hanging down from the slope surface of the porous vegetation concrete layer, and the vegetation bags are fixed to the anchor rod ends of the anchor rod system through ropes.

7. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of slag heap on steep slope of abandoned mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod system includes long anchor rods and short anchor rods. The long anchor rods sequentially penetrate the porous green concrete layer, the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer, the slag layer and extend into the bedrock layer. The short anchor rods sequentially penetrate the porous green concrete layer, the reinforced concrete anti-seepage layer and extend into the slag layer.

8. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of the slag heap on the steep slope of abandoned mines as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: Grouting holes are arranged on the long anchor rod and the short anchor rod.

9. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of slag heap on steep slope of abandoned mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The slope surface of the slag layer is graded with horse paths, and transverse drainage ditches are arranged on the horse paths.

10. The structure for horizontal anti-seepage and ecological reconstruction of slag heap on steep slope of abandoned mine as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The width of the horseway is 1.5 to 4 m, and the distance between two adjacent horseways in the height direction is 6 to 10 m.

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