Sugarcane powder ridge wide-narrow row intercropping peanut cultivation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a sugarcane powder ridge wide-narrow row intercropping peanut cultivation method which comprises the following steps: (1) land selection; (2) planting newly-planted sugarcanes and peanuts in wide and narrow rows, and performing field management and harvesting; and (3) continuing crop rotation of peanuts in the ratoon sugarcane field. Compared with the prior art, the wide-narrow row planting mode of newly-planted sugarcane and peanuts is specifically limited, the contradiction of land contention of crops is relieved, effective supply of agricultural products is guaranteed, soil fertility is improved, and the yield and quality of the crops are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for cultivating peanuts intercropped in narrow rows with wide ridges of sugarcane powder. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is the main sugar crop in my country, with a planting area of ​​about 1,289,170 hectares in 2022. 2 . In response to the low average yield of sugar cane, soil fatigue and impoverishment caused by continuous cropping of sugarcane fields, the "peak" of yield increase, the reduction of sugarcane planting personnel in the future, and the current planting pattern that is not conducive to mechanical harvesting to avoid damaging perennial sugarcane stumps, Wei Benhui's team at the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences proposed and created the "Sugarcane Powder Ridge '145' Technology System" based on previous research and application. That is, the "Powder Ridge New Planting for 1 Year, Perennial Planting for 4 Years, and Cumulative Increase of Sugarcane by 75.0t / hm2 in 5 Years" technology system. In recent years, the development of other crops has squeezed the sugarcane planting area, which is not conducive to the stability of the sugarcane planting area. Intercropping in sugarcane fields is one of the better measures to solve the above problems. Peanuts are an important oil crop and cash crop in my country. my country's total peanut production and exports rank first in the world.

[0003] There are many serious problems with the traditional single continuous planting method of sugarcane. Sugarcane growth has a strong demand for soil nutrients, especially nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other large elements. Long-term single planting causes excessive consumption of these nutrients in the soil and untimely replenishment, resulting in a sharp decline in soil fertility, and the phenomenon of soil compaction is extremely prominent. The aeration and water permeability are seriously hindered, which greatly restricts the normal growth and development of the sugarcane root system, resulting in stagnation of sugarcane production or even a decrease year by year, and the quality is difficult to guarantee. Peanuts also face difficulties under the traditional single continuous planting system. Its continuous planting will lead to excessive intake and deficiency of specific trace elements in the soil, such as molybdenum. As a result, peanut plants frequently show symptoms of deficiency, which are manifested as flowers without fruits and a significant increase in the empty shell rate. This has greatly hindered the improvement of peanut production and quality.

[0004] Based on the "145" technical system of sugarcane powder ridges, peanuts are planted between wide and narrow rows of sugarcane powder ridges. This is of great significance for alleviating the contradiction between crops competing for land, ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products, and improving soil fertility to achieve increased crop yield and quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating peanuts in sugarcane powder ridges with narrow rows, which is mainly used to solve the technical problem that the growth cycles of peanuts and sugarcane are different, resulting in a long fallow period in the peanut planting area and a waste of land resources.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for cultivating peanuts in sugarcane powder ridge width and narrow row intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Site selection:

[0009] Choose a flat or gently sloping land with loam or clay loam with no stones (Φ>3cm) or other obstacles within 50cm of the ground, deep soil layer, convenient irrigation and drainage, and a slope of less than 15°; carry out powder ridge treatment on the cultivated land according to the intercropping of wide row planting belt of 150-240cm and narrow row planting belt of 60-100cm, with a powder ridge depth of 40-50cm; before powder ridge cultivation, spread 40% to 70% of the fertilizer required for the whole growth period of sugarcane in the area of ​​sugarcane field that needs powder ridge;

[0010] (2) Newly planted sugarcane and peanuts, wide and narrow row planting, field management and harvesting:

[0011] 2.1) Plant two rows of sugarcane stems by cuttings in the narrow row planting strip;

[0012] 2.2) After planting sugarcane, use mechanical trenching to plant peanuts between wide rows; within 3 days after planting peanuts, spray herbicides to seal the ground. During the flowering and needle-setting period of peanuts, carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling, and spray foliar fertilizer 1-2 times during the pod-setting period of peanuts; at the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of insect pests;

[0013] 2.3) When the peanuts reach the harvesting requirements, harvest them in time;

[0014] (3) Continue to interplant peanuts in perennial sugarcane fields:

[0015] Harvest sugarcane in time from the end of January to the end of February of the following year. After the sugarcane is harvested, deal with the sugarcane leaves in time, level the sugarcane stumps, use a ridge breaking, fertilizing and soiling machine to apply fertilizer to the perennial sugarcane at one time, and then continue to plant peanuts between the wide rows. The peanut planting method is the same as the peanut planting method in the newly planted sugarcane field.

[0016] Preferably, in step 2.1), the distance between two rows of sugarcane stems is 60-85 cm, and the sugarcane varieties Guitang 55 or Guitang 44 are selected and cut into double-bud segments. The sugarcane seeds are cut downward at an angle of 15 degrees to the ground, and the planting amount per mu is 3500-5000 buds.

[0017] Preferably, in step 2.2), within 3 days after peanut planting, the peanut planting belt is sprayed with 250 times diluted 50% acetochlor for sealing; during the flowering and needle-setting period of peanuts, inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling are carried out once; during the peanut podding period, 400 times diluted peanut-specific foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice, with a spraying amount of 45 kg / mu / time.

[0018] Preferably, the step (2) further comprises:

[0019] 2.4.1) After the peanuts are harvested, the peanut vines are collected and the soil is immediately plowed. A fertilizing and soil throwing machine is used to apply topdressing and soil cultivation. The harvested peanut plants are then dried in the field for 1-2 days to further dry the peanut shells. The peanut shells are then threshed and removed, and the peanuts are collected and properly stored.

[0020] 2.4.2) Crush the peanut shells, peanut vines and straw into fine particles, soak them in water for 3 days to form primary nutrients, add chopped pear residue to the primary nutrients after soaking, and soak for another day to form secondary nutrients, add buckwheat seeds to the secondary nutrients after soaking, stir evenly to form planting materials, pour out excess water, and then evenly spread the planting materials on the surface of the land where peanuts were originally planted, with a distance of 70 cm between the laying area and the sugarcane, and a laying thickness of 1.5-2 cm, and then cover with 1 cm thick thin soil;

[0021] 2.4.3) Harvest buckwheat promptly when it reaches harvest requirements, place the remaining buckwheat branches between the narrow rows of the sugarcane field, and use a fertilizer and soil-spreading machine to apply topdressing and soil-building.

[0022] Preferably, in step 2.4.2):

[0023] The mass ratio of pear residue to crushed fine particles of peanut shells, peanut vines and straw is 1:5-7;

[0024] The mass ratio of fine particles to water in the primary nutrient is 1:3.

[0025] Preferably, the mass ratio of the mixture of buckwheat seeds to peanut shells, peanut vines, straw and pear residue is 1:8-10.

[0026] Preferably, in step (3), the wide row soil needs to be plowed before planting peanuts.

[0027] Preferably, in the step 2.4.2), when the buckwheat grows to the flowering stage, a fertilizer solution is applied to the buckwheat roots once, and the fertilizer solution used is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-11 parts of urea, 2.1-2.5 parts of copper acetate, 0.13-0.15 parts of tetramethylglutaric acid, 5-9 parts of borax, and 700-730 parts of water.

[0028] Preferably, in step 2.4.2), the primary nutrients are exposed to the outside air and soaked naturally, and the secondary nutrients are isolated from the outside air and soaked in a closed manner.

[0029] Preferably, in step 2.4.2), after pouring away excess water, the moisture content of the planting material reaches 90% of its saturated moisture content.

[0030] Beneficial effects of this program:

[0031] (1) The present invention discloses a method for cultivating peanuts in intercropping between sugarcane powder ridges and narrow rows. Compared with conventional sugarcane monoculture with a row spacing of 1.2 m, the present invention increases ventilation and light transmission between wide rows of sugarcane by planting sugarcane in powder ridges and narrow rows, which is beneficial to increasing the sugar content and fiber content of sugarcane and is more conducive to the mechanization of sugarcane and intercropping crops. At the same time, the present invention can utilize about 40% of the land in one acre of sugarcane field for intercropping peanuts. While ensuring a unit yield of 6-8 tons of sugarcane, one more season of peanuts can be harvested. Each acre of sugarcane field can produce 150-250 kg of fresh peanuts with an output value of 750-1500 yuan, effectively increasing the planting income of sugarcane fields, and also improving land utilization rate, alleviating the contradiction of crop competition for land, and ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products.

[0032] (2) Because peanuts and sugarcane have different growth cycles, peanut planting areas have a long fallow period, wasting land resources. During this period, weeds gain a larger growth space and reproduce rapidly, robbing sugarcane fields of nutrients for growth. Weeding management is constantly carried out, wasting manpower and material resources. At the same time, after peanuts and sugarcane are harvested, the pH of the land decreases. According to test results, the average pH of the soil in peanut planting areas is about 5.8, which is slightly acidic soil. Buckwheat does not have high requirements for the land it is planted in and can adapt to the growth environment of acidic soil. Therefore, in the first few rotations of buckwheat, there is no need to adjust the pH of the soil and it can be rotated immediately. Sugarcane plants are taller and their leaves block part of the sunlight, while buckwheat is a short-day plant and can adapt to the growth environment of sugarcane leaves shading. In summary, buckwheat is suitable for intercropping with sugarcane and can adapt to the growth environment of peanut fields after intercropping of sugarcane and peanuts. Planting other crops may be negatively affected by the pH and light conditions of the peanut fields.

[0033] At the same time, buckwheat is added to the sugarcane and peanut intercropping pattern for rotation and intercropping, and an extra season of buckwheat is harvested. The buckwheat yield is 100-103kg, with an output value of 290-310 yuan, which effectively increases the planting income of sugarcane fields, improves land utilization, alleviates conflicts over crops for land, and ensures the effective supply of agricultural products.

[0034] (3) Secondary nutrients contain water-absorbing materials such as peanut shells and peanut vines, which have a certain water-retaining capacity. Buckwheat seeds can be directly mixed with secondary nutrients and applied to the soil surface, and then covered with a thin layer of soil. On the one hand, the buckwheat seeds do not need to be soaked, but can be soaked in the secondary nutrients, which promotes the germination rate.

[0035] (4) After peanuts are harvested, there is ample space for growth in the field. If weeds are not planted, they will spread rapidly, and field management for weeding will waste manpower and material resources. In this scheme, the planting material is laid on the bottom surface some time after the peanuts are harvested, which can significantly inhibit the oxygen content of the lower soil and inhibit the growth of weeds. After the buckwheat germinates, its roots penetrate into the soil, which will also have an inhibitory effect on field weeds.

[0036] (5) The purpose of covering the surface of the planting material with a thin layer of soil is to allow the upper and lower soil to wrap the planting material (and the thickness of the upper soil layer is about 1 cm, which can ensure sufficient breathing space during the decomposition of the planting material), accelerate the decomposition of the materials in the planting material, and the planting material contains pear residue particles, which can promote the germination of buckwheat seeds after closed fermentation. The upper and lower soil wrapping can further promote the decomposition of pear residue and provide nutrients for the buckwheat root system. Compared with the method of ground fertilization, this method allows the buckwheat root system to absorb nutrients more directly, supplement the nutrients needed in the seedling stage, and promote the growth of the buckwheat root system.

[0037] (6) During the flowering period of buckwheat, fertilizer solution is added. The boron and tetramethylglutaric acid in the fertilizer solution can promote the rapid growth and fruiting of buckwheat. At the same time, during the rapid growth of buckwheat, the roots absorb soil nutrients and release a large amount of secretions, which can affect the root system of sugarcane, inhibit the reproduction of red rot pathogens in sugarcane, and reduce the probability of sugarcane suffering from red rot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Embodiment 1:

[0040] A method for cultivating peanuts in sugarcane powder ridge width and narrow row intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) Site selection:

[0042] Select a loam field with no stones (Φ>3cm) or other obstacles within 50cm of the ground, a slope below 15°, a thick soil layer, convenient drainage and irrigation, and a flat terrain as the planting site; before powder ridge cultivation, spread 60kg of "Ze Nian Hao" brand fertilizer per mu in the area where powder ridges are required, and carry out "U" cultivation of powder ridges with a width of 210cm and a narrow row of 90cm; the depth of the powder ridges is 50cm;

[0043] (2) Newly planted sugarcane powder ridge width and narrow row planting, field management and harvesting:

[0044] 2.1) In February, two rows of sugarcane stems were planted in narrow row planting belts with a spacing of 70 cm. The sugarcane variety Guitang 55 was selected and cut into double bud segments. The sugarcane seeds were planted downward at an angle of 15 degrees to the ground, and the planting amount was 4,400 buds per mu;

[0045] 2.2) After planting sugarcane, use harrowing and row-opening machines to open 3 planting furrows between wide rows to plant peanuts. The row spacing of peanuts is 40cm, the plant spacing is 12cm, and single-seed is sown in rows. Apply 20kg of 45% compound fertilizer and 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer for peanut planting according to the actual planting area of ​​peanuts. Within 3 days after planting peanuts, spray the peanut planting belt with 250 times diluted 50% sethoxydim for sealing. Carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling once during the flowering and needle-setting period of peanuts. Spray 400 times diluted peanut special foliar fertilizer twice during the peanut pod-setting period, with a spraying amount of 45kg / mu / time. At the same time, spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of insect pests;

[0046] 2.3) When the peanuts meet the harvesting requirements, harvest them in time. If conditions permit, use a peanut harvester for harvesting;

[0047] 2.4) After the peanuts are harvested, place the peanut vines between the narrow rows of sugarcane and use a fertilizer and soil-throwing machine to topdress the soil. Apply 60 kg of "Ze Nian Hao" brand fertilizer per mu, and strip the leaves once in August and October;

[0048] (3) Continue to interplant peanuts in perennial sugarcane fields:

[0049] Sugarcane is harvested from the end of January to the end of February of the following year. If conditions permit, sugarcane harvesters can be used for harvesting. After the sugarcane is harvested, the sugarcane leaves are burned in time, the sugarcane stumps are leveled, and a ridge-breaking, fertilizing and soil-raising machine is used to fertilize the perennial sugarcane at one time, with 120kg of "Ze Nian Hao" brand fertilizer applied per mu. Then the soil between the wide rows is plowed and peanuts are continued to be planted. The peanut planting method is the same as that of newly planted sugarcane fields.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] A method for cultivating peanuts in sugarcane powder ridge width and narrow row intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0052] (1) Site selection:

[0053] Choose a gentle slope with no stones (Φ>3cm) or other obstacles within 50cm of the ground, a slope below 15°, a thick soil layer, and convenient drainage and irrigation. Before powder ridge cultivation, spread 50kg of "Jiescon" brand fertilizer per mu in the area of ​​the sugarcane field that needs powder ridge cultivation, and carry out powder ridge "U" cultivation with 220cm wide planting belt intercropping and 80cm narrow planting belt, with a powder ridge depth of 45cm.

[0054] (2) Newly planted sugarcane powder ridge width and narrow row planting, field management and harvesting:

[0055] 2.1) In February, two rows of sugarcane stems were planted in narrow row planting belts with a spacing of 60 cm. The sugarcane variety Guitang 44 was selected and cut into double bud segments. The sugarcane cutting planter was used for planting, with a planting amount of 4,400 buds per mu.

[0056] 2.2) After planting sugarcane, use harrowing and row-opening integrated machinery to open 3 planting furrows between wide rows to plant peanuts, with a row spacing of 45cm and a plant spacing of 10cm, and single seed drilling; apply 25kg of 40% compound fertilizer and 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer for peanut planting according to the actual planting area of ​​peanuts; within 3 days after planting peanuts, spray the peanut planting belt with 300 times diluted 50% acetochlor to seal it; carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling once during the flowering and needle-setting period of peanuts; spray 300 times diluted peanut special foliar fertilizer once during the peanut pod-setting period, with a spraying amount of 45kg / mu; and spray pesticides in time according to the occurrence of insect pests;

[0057] 2.3) When the peanuts meet the harvesting requirements, harvest them in time. If conditions permit, use a peanut harvester for harvesting;

[0058] 2.4) After the peanuts are harvested, place the peanut vines between the narrow rows of sugarcane and use a fertilizer and soil throwing machine to topdress the soil. Apply 50 kg of "Jiescon" brand fertilizer per mu, and strip the leaves once in August and October;

[0059] (3) Continue to interplant peanuts in perennial sugarcane fields:

[0060] Sugarcane is harvested from the end of January to the end of February of the following year. If conditions permit, sugarcane harvesters can be used for harvesting. After the sugarcane is harvested, the sugarcane leaves are burned in time, the sugarcane stumps are leveled, and a ridge breaking, fertilizing and soiling machine is used to fertilize the perennial sugarcane at one time, with 100kg of "Jiescon" brand fertilizer per mu; then the soil between the wide rows is plowed and peanuts are continued to be planted. The peanut planting method is the same as that of newly planted sugarcane fields.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] Different from Example 1 or 2, step 2.4) is replaced by the following steps:

[0063] 2.4.1) After the peanuts are harvested, the peanut vines are collected (different from the method in Example 1 or 2 in which the peanut vines are turned into the soil for topdressing and fertilization, and the soil is immediately plowed, and a fertilization and soil throwing machine is used for topdressing and fertilization, and then the harvested peanut plants are dried in the field for 2 days to further dry the peanut shells, and then threshed to remove the peanut shells, collect the peanuts, and store them properly;

[0064] 2.4.2) Crush the peanut shells, peanut vines and straw into fine particles and place them in a large soaking vat. Add water and soak them naturally for 3 days in an environment exposed to the outside air to form primary nutrients. The mass ratio of fine particles to water is 1:3;

[0065] Add chopped pear residue to the soaked primary nutrient, the mass ratio of pear residue to fine granular material of crushed peanut shell, peanut vine and straw is 1:6, cover the mouth of the large vat with plastic film, soak for another day to form secondary nutrient, add buckwheat seeds to the soaked secondary nutrient and stir evenly to form planting material, buckwheat planting does not need to be aired or soaked, only bad seeds and diseased seeds need to be screened and removed, the mass ratio of the mixture of buckwheat seeds and peanut shell, peanut vine, straw and pear residue is 1:9; pour out excess water, the water content of the planting material reaches 90% of its saturated water content, and then evenly spread the planting material on the surface of the land where peanuts were originally planted, the paving area is 70 cm away from the sugarcane, the paving thickness is 1.5 cm thick, and then covered with 1 cm thick thin soil; when buckwheat grows to the flowering period, apply topdressing to buckwheat;

[0066] 2.4.3) Harvest buckwheat in time when it reaches the harvest requirements, place the remaining buckwheat branches between the narrow rows of the sugarcane field, and use a fertilizer and soil-spreading machine to apply topdressing and soil-building.

[0067] Among them, in the step (3), the wide row soil needs to be plowed before planting peanuts, and the fermented planting material in the peanut planting field can be mixed into the soil to make the nutrients more evenly dispersed, providing a good growth environment for peanuts.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] The difference from Example 3 is that when the buckwheat grows to the flowering stage, the buckwheat roots are fertilized with a fertilizer solution once, and the fertilizer solution used is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of urea, 2.3 parts of copper acetate, 0.14 parts of tetramethylglutaric acid, 7 parts of borax, and 720 parts of water;

[0070] Comparative Example 1:

[0071] The difference from Example 3 is that the moisture content of the planting material reaches 80% of its saturated moisture content.

[0072] Comparative Example 2:

[0073] The difference from Example 3 is that the moisture content of the planting material reaches 70% of its saturated moisture content.

[0074] Comparative Example 3:

[0075] The difference from Example 3 is that the moisture content of the planting material reaches 60% of its saturated moisture content.

[0076] Comparative Example 4:

[0077] The difference from Example 3 is that the moisture content of the planting material reaches 100% of its saturated moisture content.

[0078] Comparative Example 5:

[0079] The difference from Example 4 is that the fertilizer liquid is a commercially available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, the main component of which is potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0080] Statistics of sugarcane yield, fresh peanut yield and buckwheat yield per mu in the above embodiments 1-4:

[0081] The statistical results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0082] Table 1: Sugarcane yield, fresh peanut yield, and buckwheat yield in Examples 1-4

[0083] project Sugarcane production (tons) Fresh peanut yield (kg) Buckwheat yield (kg) Example 1 7.2 185 / Example 2 6.5 210 / Example 3 7.8 205 103 Example 4 7.7 194 100

[0084] It can be seen from the planting situation of the above embodiments that the present invention plants sugarcane by using wide and narrow rows of powder ridges, which increases ventilation and light transmission between wide rows of sugarcane, is beneficial to increasing the sugar content and fiber content of sugarcane, and is more conducive to the mechanization of sugarcane and intercropping crops; at the same time, the present invention can utilize about 40% of the land in one acre of sugarcane field for intercropping peanuts, and while ensuring a unit yield of 6-8 tons of sugarcane, one more season of peanuts can be harvested, and 150-250 kg of fresh peanuts per acre of sugarcane field can be produced, with an output value of 750-1500 yuan; at the same time, buckwheat can be planted after the peanuts are harvested, and one more season of buckwheat can be harvested, with a yield of 100-103 kg and an output value of 290-310 yuan, which effectively increases the planting income of sugarcane fields, improves land utilization, alleviates the contradiction of crop competition for land, and ensures the effective supply of agricultural products.

[0085] Experiments were conducted on Example 1, Example 3, Example 4, and Comparative Example 5 to detect the inhibitory effect of buckwheat on sugarcane red rot:

[0086] 1. Test site selection:

[0087] We selected a continuous cropping land with severe disease of sugarcane planted all year round and delineated experimental area a and experimental area b. The interval between experimental area a and b was more than 50m, the soil pH was between 6.2-7.5, the soil quality, fertility, irrigation and management of the land were relatively consistent, and the area of ​​the two experimental areas was 110㎡.

[0088] 2. Sample processing:

[0089] The sugarcane plants were planted in the test area a according to the cultivation method described in Example 1, and in the test area b according to the cultivation method described in Example 3, and the growth of the sugarcane plants was monitored before and after the peanut harvest (the peanuts in the two test areas were harvested uniformly in mid-August);

[0090] 3. Disease monitoring:

[0091] In each experimental area, 30 sugarcane plants were selected and marked, and 5 leaves of each plant were inspected from top to bottom. The monitoring period was from July to December. During the detection period, the leaves of the selected sugarcane were inspected in the middle of each month and the spread of the lesions was recorded.

[0092] Diseased leaves classification standard:

[0093] Grade 0, no lesions;

[0094] Level 1: the total area of ​​lesions is less than 5% of the leaves;

[0095] Level 2, the total area of ​​lesions accounts for 6%-15% of the leaves;

[0096] Level 3, the total area of ​​lesions accounts for 16%-25% of the leaves;

[0097] Level 4, the total area of ​​lesions accounts for 26%-50% of the leaves;

[0098] Level 5: The total area of ​​lesions accounts for more than 50% of the leaves.

[0099] 4. Monitoring results record:

[0100] The diseased area of ​​leaves of all sugarcane plants in each area each month was counted and the average value was taken. The recorded values ​​were divided into grades according to the grading standards and recorded. The diseased results are shown in Table 2;

[0101] Table 2: Classification of average diseased leaf area of ​​all sugarcane plants in experimental areas a and b from July to December

[0102] July August September October November December Test area a Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 4 Level 5 Test area b Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 3 Level 3 Level 4

[0103] As shown in the results in Table 2, planting buckwheat after August can significantly inhibit the spread of sugarcane leaf lesions. The leaf lesion area is one of the criteria for the degree of infection of sugarcane red rot. It can be seen that planting buckwheat has a certain inhibitory effect on the red rot pathogen.

[0104] The difference from the above experimental method is that test area c and test area d are taken, and the soil environment of test area c and d is consistent with that of test area a and b (the soil pH is between 6.2-7.5, the soil quality, fertility, irrigation and management of the plot are consistent with those of test area a and b, and the area of ​​the test area is 110 m2). Test area c and d are separated from test area a and b by more than 50 m. The planting method of Example 4 is used for planting in test area c, and the planting method of Comparative Example 5 is used for planting in test area d. After the above-mentioned sampling and monitoring methods are used for processing, the monitoring results are recorded as follows:

[0105] Table 3: Average diseased leaf area classification of all sugarcane plants in experimental area c from July to December

[0106] July August September October November December Test area c Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 3 Test area d Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 3 Level 3 Level 4

[0107] As shown in the results of Table 3, planting buckwheat after August can significantly inhibit the spread of sugarcane leaf lesions and control the diseased area of ​​plant leaves within level 3, while the application of ordinary phosphorus and potassium fertilizers has no significant improvement on the disease inhibition rate of sugarcane.

[0108] Experiments were conducted on buckwheat emergence rates in Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4:

[0109] 1. Sample preparation:

[0110] Select a planting pot with a laying area of ​​20 cm x 20 cm, fill the planting pot with 5 cm thick bottom soil, and then lay the planting material and top thin soil as required;

[0111] According to step 2.4.2) of Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4, planting materials were prepared as experimental examples. Four parallel experimental groups were designed for each Example and Comparative Example, and four blank control groups were designed. The blank control group consisted of only the buckwheat seeds in Example 3 without any treatment. There were 50 buckwheat seeds in the experimental examples and the blank examples. The seedling emergence rate was calculated after 15 days of cultivation, and the average seedling rate was taken out and recorded.

[0112] Seedling rate (%) = (number of seedlings / number of seeds planted) × 100

[0113] 2. Experimental results:

[0114] Table 4: Buckwheat germination rate of Examples 3, 4 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4

[0115] Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Blank Group Buckwheat germination rate (%) 96％ 84％ 76％ 76％ 88％ 66％

[0116] As shown in Table 4, when the moisture content of the planting material reaches 90% of its saturated moisture content, the emergence rate is greater than 90%, which proves that the moisture content in the planting material is moderate under this condition. When the moisture content is lower than 90% and the buckwheat seeds are not treated in any way, the emergence rate decreases; when the moisture content is greater than 90%, the buckwheat emergence rate also decreases, which is presumably due to excessive moisture causing the seeds to lack oxygen and fail to germinate; at the same time, the emergence rates of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all higher than those of the blank group, which proves that the mixed planting of buckwheat seeds and the second nutrient can effectively promote the buckwheat germination rate, and the seed soaking process is omitted.

[0117] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating peanuts in sugarcane powder ridge width and narrow row intercropping, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Site selection: Choose a flat or gently sloping land with loam or clay loam with no stones (Φ>3cm) or other obstacles within 50cm of the ground, deep soil layer, convenient irrigation and drainage, and a slope of less than 15°. Carry out powder ridge treatment on the cultivated land according to the intercropping of wide row planting belt of 150-240cm and narrow row planting belt of 60-100cm, with a powder ridge depth of 40-50cm. Before powder ridge cultivation, spread 40% to 70% of the fertilizer required for the whole growth period of sugarcane in the area of ​​sugarcane field that needs powder ridge. (2) Newly planted sugarcane and peanuts, wide and narrow row planting, field management and harvesting: 2.1) Plant two rows of sugarcane stems by cuttings in the narrow row planting strip; 2.2) After sugarcane is planted, mechanical trenching is used to plant peanuts between wide rows; within 3 days after peanut planting, herbicides are sprayed to seal the ground; during the flowering and needle-setting period of peanuts, inter-row cultivation and weeding are carried out, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed 1-2 times during the pod-setting period of peanuts; at the same time, pesticides are sprayed in time for prevention and control according to the occurrence of insect pests; 2.3) When the peanuts reach the harvesting requirements, harvest them in time; 2.4) After peanuts are harvested, buckwheat is planted on the peanut-planting land; (3) Continue to interplant peanuts in perennial sugarcane fields: Harvest sugarcane in time from the end of January to the end of February of the following year. After the sugarcane is harvested, deal with the sugarcane leaves in time, level the sugarcane stumps, use a ridge breaking, fertilizing and soiling machine to apply fertilizer to the perennial sugarcane at one time, and then continue to plant peanuts between the wide rows. The peanut planting method is the same as the peanut planting method in the newly planted sugarcane field.

2. The method for cultivating peanuts in narrow row intercropping with sugarcane powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.1), the distance between two rows of sugarcane stems is 60-85 cm. The sugarcane varieties of Guitang 55 or Guitang 44 are selected and cut into double-bud segments. The sugarcane seeds are inserted downward at an angle of 15 degrees to the ground, and the planting amount per mu is 3500-5000 buds.

3. The method for cultivating peanuts in narrow-row intercropping with sugarcane powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2.2), within 3 days after peanut planting, spray the peanut planting belt with 250 times diluted 50% sethoxydim for sealing; carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling once during the flowering and needle-setting period of peanuts; spray 400 times diluted peanut-specific foliar fertilizer twice during the peanut podding period, with a spraying amount of 45 kg / mu / time.

4. The method for cultivating peanuts in intercropping of sugarcane powder with narrow rows and ridge widths according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2.4) also includes the following steps: 2.4.1) After the peanuts are harvested, the peanut vines are collected and the soil is immediately plowed. A fertilizing and soil throwing machine is used to apply topdressing and soil cultivation. The harvested peanut plants are then dried in the field for 1-2 days to further dry the peanut shells. The peanut shells are then threshed and removed. The peanuts are collected and properly stored. 2.4.2) Crush the peanut shells, peanut vines and straw into fine particles, soak them in water for 3 days to form primary nutrients, add chopped pear residue to the primary nutrients after soaking, and soak for another day to form secondary nutrients, add buckwheat seeds to the secondary nutrients after soaking, stir evenly to form planting materials, pour out excess water, and then evenly spread the planting materials on the surface of the land where peanuts were originally planted, with a distance of 70 cm between the laying area and the sugarcane, and a laying thickness of 1.5-2 cm, and then cover with 1 cm thick thin soil; 2.4.3) Harvest buckwheat in time when it reaches the harvest requirements, place the remaining buckwheat branches between the narrow rows of the sugarcane field, and use a fertilizer and soil-spreading machine to apply topdressing and soil-building.

5. The method for cultivating peanuts in narrow-row intercropping with sugarcane powder according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2.4.2): The mass ratio of the pear residue to the crushed fine particles of peanut shells, peanut vines and straw is 1:5-7; The mass ratio of fine particles to water in the primary nutrient is 1:

3.

6. The method for cultivating peanuts in narrow-row intercropping with sugarcane powder according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the mixture of buckwheat seeds, peanut shells, peanut vines, straws and pear residues is 1:8-10.

7. The method for cultivating peanuts in narrow row intercropping with sugarcane powder according to claim 1 or claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (3), the wide row soil needs to be plowed before planting peanuts.

8. The method for cultivating peanuts in sugarcane powder ridge width and narrow row intercropping according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2.4.2), when the buckwheat grows to the flowering stage, a fertilizer solution is applied to the buckwheat roots once, and the fertilizer solution used is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-11 parts of urea, 2.1-2.5 parts of copper acetate, 0.13-0.15 parts of tetramethylglutaric acid, 5-9 parts of borax, and 700-730 parts of water.

9. The method for cultivating peanuts in narrow row intercropping with sugarcane powder according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2.4.2), the primary nutrients are exposed to the outside air for natural soaking, and the secondary nutrients are isolated from the outside air for sealed soaking.

10. The method for cultivating peanuts in sugarcane powder ridge width and narrow row intercropping according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2.4.2), after pouring away the excess water, the water content of the planting material reaches 90% of its saturated water content.