Device for inhibiting thermal runaway of battery

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for inhibiting thermal runaway of batteries, which comprises pressure release valves positioned at the tops of the batteries, a detection box is arranged above the pressure release valve of each battery, a plurality of detection boxes are communicated with one another, and liquid fire extinguishing agents and inert gases are filled in the detection boxes; the fire extinguishing mechanism is simple in structure, does not need a corresponding electric control mechanism to maintain normal operation of the fire extinguishing device, is low in cost, and is beneficial to application and popularization in the field of energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of thermal runaway suppression of energy storage boxes, in particular to a device for suppressing thermal runaway of batteries. Background Art

[0002] Energy storage is a key supporting technology for energy structure adjustment and power system transformation under the wave of new energy. As a new energy battery, lithium-ion batteries are not only more environmentally friendly but also have better performance. They are widely used in energy storage power stations. Lithium battery container storage box solutions are widely used in the access and consumption of new energy power generation, realizing distributed power generation and microgrid energy storage, regulating the frequency and voltage of the power system, and providing reliable power supply and power quality in the upgrade and transformation of the distribution system.

[0003] However, during storage, lithium-ion batteries may experience thermal runaway due to the accumulation of heat from their own chemical reactions or the influence of external heat sources, which may seriously affect the safety performance of the energy storage box. Thermal runaway of lithium batteries refers to the rapid increase in battery temperature due to abnormal reactions inside the battery during the charging or discharging process, causing the chemical reactions inside the battery to run away and generate a large amount of heat and gas, which may lead to serious consequences such as battery explosion or fire.

[0004] At present, most energy storage boxes are equipped with corresponding fire extinguishing devices (or so-called devices for suppressing thermal runaway) to solve the problem of battery thermal runaway. However, the structure of the fire extinguishing device is relatively complex, and a corresponding electronic control mechanism is required to maintain the normal operation of the fire extinguishing device, and its cost is also relatively high. In addition, the current fire extinguishing devices can only start to release fire extinguishing agents to extinguish the fire when the thermal runaway of the battery in the energy storage box reaches an advanced stage or has already burned and flames appear. However, it is too late to extinguish the fire at this time, and the flame cannot be completely suppressed, and the fire extinguishing effect is poor. The root cause is that the fire extinguishing devices currently used with batteries mainly detect thermal runaway through fire detection tubes or sensors. Among them, the fire detection tube can only melt its tube wall after the flame reaches a high temperature, and then release the fire extinguishing agent therein, and the sensor can only trigger the sensor's sensing action after the temperature or smoke reaches a certain level. The above methods are relatively passive and lagging, resulting in low efficiency in suppressing battery thermal runaway. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings and provide a device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery, comprising a pressure relief valve located on the top of the battery, a detection box is provided above the pressure relief valve of each battery, and multiple detection boxes are connected to each other, and the detection boxes are filled with liquid fire extinguishing agent and inert gas.

[0007] Preferably, the battery is arranged in a box.

[0008] Preferably, the liquid fire extinguishing agent is perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent.

[0009] Preferably, the detection box is fixed to the top of the battery by a supporting liner.

[0010] Preferably, an exhaust hole is also provided at the bottom of the box.

[0011] Preferably, the upper surface of the pressure relief valve of each battery contacts the bottom of the detection box, a pressure relief diaphragm is installed inside the pressure relief valve, and the bottom of the detection box is also a pressure relief diaphragm structure.

[0012] Preferably, the two detection boxes on the front and rear sides are in contact with each other, and a communication valve is provided at the contact position, and the two detection boxes on the left and right sides are in communication with each other through a connecting pipe.

[0013] Beneficial effects of the utility model:

[0014] 1. The structure of the device of the utility model is relatively simple, and no corresponding electric control mechanism is required to maintain the normal operation of the fire extinguishing device. Its cost is also relatively low, which is conducive to its application and promotion in the field of energy storage.

[0015] 2. The traditional application process of fire detection tubes requires the appearance of high flame temperature to melt the tube wall and then release the fire extinguishing agent therein. However, in the utility model, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery, the pressure relief valve will automatically open, causing the bottom of the detection box to be impacted and ruptured. The liquid fire extinguishing agent in the detection box is sprayed out from the ruptured position under the action of the inert gas pressure, thereby reducing the temperature near the battery and preventing heat diffusion. Compared with traditional fire extinguishing methods, the utility model can intervene and suppress thermal runaway at the early stage of occurrence, effectively preventing the degree of thermal runaway from aggravating. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery installed in a box (without the box cover);

[0017] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a structure in which a plurality of detection boxes are connected to a connecting pipe;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one of the batteries in the energy storage box;

[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure in which one of the batteries is connected to the detection box and the supporting lining. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery includes a pressure relief valve 2 located on the top of a battery 1, a detection box 3 is provided above the pressure relief valve 2 of each battery 1, and a plurality of detection boxes 3 are interconnected, and the detection boxes 3 are filled with a liquid fire extinguishing agent and an inert gas.

[0022] Preferably, if Figure 3 As shown, the battery 1 is arranged in a box 4.

[0023] Preferably, the liquid fire extinguishing agent is perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent.

[0024] Preferably, if Figure 4 As shown, the detection box 4 is fixed to the top of the battery 1 through the support lining 5. The detection box 4 can be stably fixed to the top of the battery 1 through the support lining 5.

[0025] Preferably, an exhaust hole is also provided at the bottom of the box body 4. After such design, the combustible gas and the fire extinguishing agent steam inside the box body 4 can be discharged from the exhaust hole in time, preventing the combustible gas and the fire extinguishing agent steam from gathering in the box body 4.

[0026] Preferably, if Figure 4 As shown, the upper surface of the pressure relief valve 2 of each battery 1 contacts the bottom of the detection box 3, a pressure relief diaphragm is installed inside the pressure relief valve 2, and the bottom of the detection box 3 is also a pressure relief diaphragm structure. In this embodiment, the pressure relief valve 2 is a pressure relief diaphragm structure. Once the abnormal reaction inside the battery 1 causes the battery temperature to rise rapidly, the chemical reaction inside the battery is out of control and generates a large amount of heat and gas. Under the action of pressure, the diaphragm structure can be quickly broken, so that the pressure can be released in time; in addition, the bottom of the detection box 3 contacts the pressure relief valve 2, so when the pressure relief valve 2 is broken, since the bottom of the detection box 3 is also a pressure relief diaphragm structure, it is easy to be broken together, effectively avoiding the phenomenon that the bottom of the detection box 3 cannot be broken when the pressure relief valve 2 is broken.

[0027] Preferably, if Figure 2 As shown, the two detection boxes 3 on the front and rear sides are in contact with each other, and a connecting valve is provided at the contact position, and the two detection boxes 3 on the left and right sides are connected through a connecting pipe 6. The internal environment of the box body 1 is relatively narrow, and by setting such a front-to-back contact connection and the left-to-right connection through the connecting pipe 6, space can be effectively saved. In addition, the connecting valve of the detection box 3 can be a matching structure of a sleeve and a cannula, that is, a cannula is provided on the front side of the detection box 3, and a sleeve is provided on the rear side, so that it can be directly installed by plug-in, which is convenient for installation.

[0028] In addition, the utility model also discloses a method for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery, which uses the above-mentioned device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery, and comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1. When the battery 1 experiences thermal runaway, its pressure relief valve 2 will automatically open to release the combustible gas generated inside the battery in time, and the bottom of the detection box 3 will be impacted and ruptured;

[0030] S2. When the bottom of the detection box 3 is broken, the liquid fire extinguishing agent in the detection box 3 is ejected from the broken position under the pressure of the inert gas;

[0031] S3, the liquid fire extinguishing agent is sprayed directly to the vicinity of the battery 1, thereby reducing the temperature near the battery 1 and preventing heat diffusion;

[0032] S4. The combustible gas and fire extinguishing agent vapor of the battery 1 are discharged from the exhaust holes at the bottom of the box 4 to prevent the combustible gas from accumulating in the box 4 and causing the thermal runaway degree of the battery 1 to increase.

[0033] Furthermore, in step S2, when the bottom of the detection box 3 is broken, the liquid fire extinguishing agent in the detection box 3 is sprayed out under the pressure of the inert gas, and the liquid fire extinguishing agent in other detection boxes 3 and the connecting pipe 6 also flows into the detection box 3 under the pressure of the inert gas, and then sprays out from the broken position. In this step, due to the connecting function of the connecting pipe 6, it can be ensured that a sufficient amount of liquid fire extinguishing agent can be sprayed out for the cooling process.

[0034] In this embodiment, when thermal runaway occurs in one of the batteries 1, the pressure relief valve 2 explodes and the perfluorohexanone in the detection box 3 is sprayed out. If an open flame occurs, the perfluorohexanone can be used to extinguish the fire. Due to the function of the connecting pipe, it can be ensured that the fire extinguishing agent has a sufficient amount to extinguish the fire. If only high temperature is generated without an open flame, the vaporization temperature of perfluorohexanone is low, and the proportion after vaporization is much higher than that of air, which can ensure that the battery temperature is always at a low level and open flames are not likely to occur later.

[0035] The above embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery, comprising a pressure relief valve (2) located on the top of a battery (1), characterized in that: A detection box (3) is provided above the pressure relief valve (2) of each battery (1), and the plurality of detection boxes (3) are interconnected. The detection boxes (3) are filled with liquid fire extinguishing agent and inert gas.

2. The device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery (1) is arranged in the box (4).

3. The device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid fire extinguishing agent is perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent.

4. The device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection box (3) is fixed to the top of the battery (1) via a supporting lining (5).

5. The device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the box body (4) is also provided with an exhaust hole.

6. The device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the pressure relief valve (2) of each battery (1) contacts the bottom of the detection box (3), a pressure relief diaphragm is installed inside the pressure relief valve (2), and the bottom of the detection box (3) is also a pressure relief diaphragm structure.

7. The device for suppressing thermal runaway of a battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two detection boxes (3) on the front and rear sides are in contact with each other, and a communication valve is provided at the contact position. The two detection boxes (3) on the left and right sides are in communication with each other via a connecting pipe (6).

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