Abnormal noise fault detection and discrimination device for motor train unit fan
By designing a EMU fan detection device that integrates sensing probe rods, touch screens and circuit boards, the problem of lack of special detection devices in the prior art is solved, and automatic identification and accurate judgment of EMU fan noise faults is realized.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422074274.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-18
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-26
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology lacks a special EMU fan antonym and noise detection device, which leads to mechanics relying on human ear judgments, which has great uncertainty and is prone to missed judgments and misjudgments.
A detection device including a sensing probe rod, a touch screen and a circuit board containing an audio interface is designed. The circuit board integrates an analog-to-digital converter, a power module, an FPGA board and an embedded system. The fan sound and vibration data are collected through the sensing probe rod, and real-time judgment is used to use the FPGA board and an embedded system.
It realizes automatic judgment of abnormal sound and noise faults of EMU fan, improves the accuracy of judgment, and helps operation and maintenance personnel to quickly detect and locate faults.
Smart Images
Figure CN222633485U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of motor vehicle fault detection equipment, and in particular relates to a fault detection and discrimination device for abnormal noise of a motor vehicle fan. Background Art
[0002] Abnormal noises in EMUs are a type of fault problem that exists in EMUs. With the increase in the service life of EMUs and the reform and optimization of the maintenance schedule and system, the problems brought about by the aging of EMU electrical equipment and wear of mechanical parts are becoming increasingly obvious. This is mainly reflected in the abrasion of the wheelset tread and the failure of the bogie running gear, which produce abnormal noises. In addition, occasional abnormal noises occur in the carriages during the operation of the EMU. These faults require the on-board mechanic to check and identify them in a short time, and the requirements are relatively high. In the maintenance of EMUs, there is also a lack of professional equipment for the diagnosis and analysis of abnormal noises of fans and motors.
[0003] At present, there is no dedicated device for detecting abnormal noises of EMU fans. The EMU mechanics rely on their personal experience and human ears to judge the cause and location of the fault. This method will produce greater uncertainty in a noisy environment and is prone to missed judgments and misjudgments. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a method for detecting abnormal sound and abnormal noise faults based on the shortcomings of human ears.
[0005] A device for detecting and distinguishing abnormal noise faults of a motor vehicle fan can automatically distinguish abnormal noise faults and improve the accuracy of the judgment.
[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] A device for detecting and distinguishing abnormal noise faults of a motor vehicle fan comprises a sensing probe, a touch screen and a circuit board with an audio interface, on which an analog-to-digital converter, a power module, an FPGA board and an embedded system are integrated; wherein the sensing probe is connected to a signal input port of the analog-to-digital converter through the audio interface of the circuit board, the signal output port of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to a signal input port of the FPGA board, the signal output port of the FPGA board is connected to a signal input port of the embedded system, the signal input and output ports of the embedded system are connected to signal input and output ports of the touch screen, and the power module supplies power to the FPGA board and the embedded system.
[0008] As a preferred example, the circuit board is further integrated with a cache area, and the signal input and output ports of the cache area are connected to the signal input and output ports of the FPGA board.
[0009] As a preferred example, the sensing probe includes a sound wave isolation cover, a sound absorbing wall, a sound sensor, a vibration sensor, a magnet, a plastic hollow hose, a communication line, and a three-core electric wire; the sound sensor is fixed on the inner wall of the plastic hollow hose, the sound wave isolation cover and the outer wall of the plastic hollow hose are fixedly connected, and the sound absorbing wall and the inner wall of the sound wave isolation cover are fixedly connected; one end of the communication line is connected to the plastic hollow hose, and the other end of the communication line is connected to the audio interface of the circuit board; the vibration sensor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the plastic hollow hose through the three-core electric wire, and the magnet is adsorbed on the vibration sensor.
[0010] As a preferred example, the sound-absorbing wall is a mineral wool layer provided with holes.
[0011] As a preferred example, the holes are arranged in an array on the mineral wool layer.
[0012] As a preferred example, the cross-section of the acoustic wave isolation cover is an ellipse with an open top.
[0013] As a preferred example, the sound sensor is located in the inner cavity of the sound wave isolation cover.
[0014] As a preferred example, the FPGA board uses a Xilinx FPGA board with model number XC6SLX9-2TQG144C.
[0015] As a preferred example, the embedded system adopts a Raspberry Pi 4B system based on the Linux system.
[0016] As a preferred example, the power module is powered by a lithium battery or an external power supply.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: the device can realize automatic identification of abnormal sound and noise faults of EMU fans, and improve the accuracy of judgment. The device includes a sensing probe, a touch screen and a circuit board with an audio interface, on which an analog-to-digital converter, a power module, an FPGA board and an embedded system are integrated. The sound and vibration data of the fan are collected by the sensing probe, and the data is stored and abnormal sound and noise faults are identified in real time through the FPGA board and the embedded system. The sensing probe can overcome complex working conditions and detect parts that were originally difficult to detect. At the same time, it collects sound data and vibration data. The sound signal is transmitted to the FPGA board through analog-to-digital conversion, and is passed through the embedded system to realize real-time detection and identification of abnormal sound and noise faults, helping EMU operation and maintenance personnel to detect and identify faults. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of the utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sensing probe rod in the embodiment of the utility model.
[0020] The figure includes: sensing probe 1, analog-to-digital converter 2, FPGA board 3, cache area 4, embedded system 5, touch screen 6, power module 7, plastic hollow hose 8, communication line 9, three-core wire 10, sound wave isolation cover 11, sound-absorbing wall 12, sound sensor 13, vibration sensor 14, and magnet 15. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The technical solution of the utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a device for detecting and distinguishing abnormal noise of a fan of a motor vehicle, including a sensing probe 1, a touch screen 6 and a circuit board with an audio interface, on which an analog-to-digital converter 2, a power module 7, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) board 3 and an embedded system 5 are integrated. The sensing probe 1 is connected to the signal input port of the analog-to-digital converter 2 through the audio interface of the circuit board, the signal output port of the analog-to-digital converter 2 is connected to the signal input port of the FPGA board 3, the signal output port of the FPGA board 3 is connected to the signal input port of the embedded system 5, the signal input and output ports of the embedded system 5 are connected to the signal input and output ports of the touch screen 6, and the power module 7 supplies power to the FPGA board 3 and the embedded system 5. Preferably, the FPGA board 3 adopts an FPGA board of Xilinx model XC6SLX9-2TQG144C. The embedded system 5 is connected to the FPGA board 3 through the GPIO interface and is externally connected to the touch screen 6. Preferably, the embedded system 5 adopts a Raspberry Pi 4B system based on the Linux system. Analog-to-digital converter 2 uses a 16-bit sampling chip AD7683 to achieve data conversion.
[0023] In the device of the above embodiment, the sound data and vibration data of the EMU fan, including the normal data and abnormal sound data of the EMU fan, are collected through the sensing probe 1; and the collected data is transmitted to the analog-to-digital converter 2. The analog-to-digital converter 2 converts the received sound data and vibration data, converts the audio analog signal into a digital signal, and transmits the converted data to the FPGA board 3. The FPGA board 3 performs signal processing and analysis on the received data. When there is an abnormal sound or abnormal sound fault, the FPGA board 3 can issue a real-time fault alarm. At the same time, the FPGA board 3 transmits the data to the embedded system 5. The embedded system 5 identifies the voiceprint information according to the pre-trained abnormal sound or abnormal sound model, analyzes whether there is an abnormal sound or abnormal sound fault, and displays the identification result on the touch screen 6. When there is an abnormal sound or abnormal sound fault, the touch screen 6 can display the abnormal sound or abnormal sound waveform and display a red indicator light. The FPGA board 3 controls the analog-to-digital converter 2 to convert the analog signal into a digital signal, and the sampling rate is preferably 50K. The circuit board is connected to the touch screen 6 through a flexible flat cable. The operation and maintenance personnel implement sound data testing and storage by operating the touch screen 6 , and store the sound data in the embedded system 5 .
[0024] As a preferred example, the circuit board is also integrated with a buffer area 4, and the signal input and output ports of the buffer area 4 are connected to the signal input and output ports of the FPGA board 3. The FPGA board 3 receives the sound data through the analog-to-digital converter 2 and temporarily stores the data in the buffer area 4. When the data stored in the buffer area 4 reaches 50,000, the data is transmitted from the FPGA board 3 to the embedded system 5 through the communication interface. The data transmission interface adopts a high-speed SPI bus. According to the requirements, considering the stability of data transmission, the data transmission is set at 976K.
[0025] As a preferred example, Figure 2 As shown, the sensing probe 1 includes a sound wave isolation cover 11, a sound absorbing wall 12, a sound sensor 13, a vibration sensor 14, a magnet 15, a plastic hollow hose 8, a communication line 9 and a three-core wire 10. The sound sensor 13 is fixed on the inner wall of the plastic hollow hose 8, the sound wave isolation cover 11 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the plastic hollow hose 8, and the sound absorbing wall 12 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sound wave isolation cover 11; one end of the communication line 9 is connected to the plastic hollow hose 8, and the other end of the communication line 9 is connected to the audio interface of the circuit board; the vibration sensor 14 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the plastic hollow hose 8 through the three-core wire 10, and the magnet 15 is adsorbed on the vibration sensor 14.
[0026] In the above preferred example, when the sensing probe is used, the magnet 15 is adsorbed on the EMU fan, and the operation and maintenance personnel hold the sensing probe. The sound sensor 13 and the vibration sensor 14 can capture the operating status of the EMU fan from different dimensions. The sound information of the EMU fan is collected by the sound sensor 13. The sound sensor 13 adopts a silicon-based pickup, and the pickup frequency response is 40Hz-18KHz. An acoustic isolation cover 11 is installed on the outside of the sound sensor 13, and a sound-absorbing wall 12 is attached to the inner wall of the acoustic isolation cover 11, which can effectively shield non-target sounds in other directions around and only receive voiceprint data in the vertical direction. In this way, the sound sensor 13 can more accurately locate the source direction of abnormal sounds and improve the direction of fault location. The acoustic isolation cover 11 is composed of a foldable steel tray. The vibration information of the EMU fan is collected by the vibration sensor 14. Preferably, the vibration sensor 14 adopts a 485-type temperature vibration transmitter, whose frequency range is 10Hz-5KHz, and can collect fan vibration information in real time. The magnet 15 is adsorbed on the vibration sensor 14. During the collection and detection, the magnet 15 is adsorbed on the EMU fan, which can sensitively detect the vibration of the fan fault, and transmit the collected vibration information to the FPGA board 3. The FPGA board 3 and the embedded system 5 process and store the sound information and vibration information. Combining the audio information of the sound sensor 13 and the vibration sensor 14, the embedded system 5 sensitively detects the abnormal sound and noise fault of the fan according to the pre-trained abnormal sound and noise model, and displays the recognition result on the touch screen 6. When the fan has an abnormal sound and noise fault, the FPGA board 3 alarms to remind the operation and maintenance personnel, and a red indicator light is displayed on the touch screen 6.
[0027] The plastic hollow hose 8 can adjust the bending angle so that the sensing probe 1 can adapt to the complex working conditions and narrow space of the EMU and has flexible detection performance. In order to install the sound sensor 13, a probe is set, the probe is located above the plastic hollow hose 8, the sound sensor 13 is placed in the top cavity of the plastic hollow hose 8, and then the probe and the top of the plastic hollow hose 8 are threadedly connected to fix the sound sensor 13.
[0028] As a preferred example, the sound-absorbing wall 12 is a mineral wool layer with holes. The cross section of the sound wave isolation cover 11 is an ellipse with an open top. The mineral wool layer with holes has a good sound absorption effect. The holes are arranged in an array on the mineral wool layer. This can further improve the sound absorption effect. The sound wave isolation cover 11 is in the shape of a rugby ball. This can effectively shield environmental noise and abnormal sounds in different directions and reduce the interference of non-target sounds.
[0029] As a preferred example, the sound sensor 13 is located in the inner cavity of the acoustic isolation cover 11. The sound sensor 13 is arranged in the inner cavity of the acoustic isolation cover 11 to effectively shield environmental noise and abnormal sounds in different directions and reduce interference from non-target sounds.
[0030] As a preferred example, the power module 7 can be powered by a lithium battery or an external power supply, and the lithium battery can be charged online. This enhances the portability and endurance of the device. The lithium battery can be an 8.4V lithium battery, and the external power supply can be a 12V external power supply.
[0031] The above-mentioned device can collect the sound signal and vibration signal of the abnormal sound and noise fault of the EMU fan, and transmit the two together to the FPGA board 3 and the embedded system 5 for processing, analysis, storage and judgment; the sound wave isolation cover 11 can effectively shield the environmental noise and abnormal sound in different directions, reduce the interference of non-target sounds, and locate the direction of the abnormal sound and noise fault of the fan.
[0032] The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for detecting and distinguishing abnormal noise of a fan of an EMU, characterized in that: The invention comprises a sensing probe (1), a touch screen (6) and a circuit board with an audio interface, wherein an analog-to-digital converter (2), a power module (7), an FPGA board (3) and an embedded system (5) are integrated on the circuit board; wherein: The sensing probe (1) is connected to the signal input port of the analog-to-digital converter (2) via the audio interface of the circuit board; the signal output port of the analog-to-digital converter (2) is connected to the signal input port of the FPGA board (3); the signal output port of the FPGA board (3) is connected to the signal input port of the embedded system (5); the signal input and output ports of the embedded system (5) are connected to the signal input and output ports of the touch screen (6); and the power module (7) supplies power to the FPGA board (3) and the embedded system (5).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The circuit board is also integrated with a buffer area (4), and the signal input and output ports of the buffer area (4) are connected to the signal input and output ports of the FPGA board (3).
3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The sensing probe (1) comprises a sound wave isolation cover (11), a sound absorbing wall (12), a sound sensor (13), a vibration sensor (14), a magnet (15), a plastic hollow hose (8), a communication line (9), and a three-core electric wire (10); The sound sensor (13) is fixed on the inner wall of the plastic hollow hose (8), the sound wave isolation cover (11) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the plastic hollow hose (8), and the sound absorbing wall (12) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sound wave isolation cover (11); one end of the communication line (9) is connected to the plastic hollow hose (8), and the other end of the communication line (9) is connected to the audio interface of the circuit board; the vibration sensor (14) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the plastic hollow hose (8) via the three-core electric wire (10), and the magnet (15) is adsorbed on the vibration sensor (14).
4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The sound-absorbing wall (12) is a mineral wool layer provided with holes.
5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that The holes are arranged in an array on the mineral wool layer.
6. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The cross section of the sound wave isolation cover (11) is in the shape of an ellipse with an open top.
7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The sound sensor (13) is located in the inner cavity of the sound wave isolation cover (11).
8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The FPGA board (3) is a Xilinx FPGA board with a model number of XC6SLX9-2TQG144C.
9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The embedded system (5) adopts a Raspberry Pi 4B system based on the Linux system.
10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The power module (7) is powered by a lithium battery or an external power source.