Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model provides a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises a laminated piece and a back plate. The laminated piece is installed on the back plate, the back plate comprises a body part and connecting parts located on the two sides of the body part, and the connecting parts protrude in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module. Wherein the laminated part is installed on the body part, the adjacent photovoltaic modules can be connected with each other through the connecting part, a certain preset distance is reserved between the edge of the laminated part and the connecting part, and the working efficiency of the photovoltaic modules can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic building integration refers to the technology of integrating photovoltaic products into buildings, so that photovoltaic modules can not only realize the photoelectric conversion function, but also be used as building materials, saving roof costs. However, compared with traditional photovoltaic modules, this structure will block light at the connection position of photovoltaic modules, affecting the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of this, the present application provides a photovoltaic module to solve the problem of low power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules in the prior art.

[0004] The present application provides a photovoltaic assembly, the photovoltaic assembly comprising:

[0005] laminates;

[0006] A back plate, the laminate is mounted on the back plate, the back plate comprises a main body and connecting parts located on both sides of the main body, the connecting parts protrude along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module;

[0007] The laminate is installed on the main body, adjacent photovoltaic modules can be connected to each other through the connection part, the distance between the edge of the laminate and the connection part is W1, and W1 satisfies 30mm≤W1≤50mm.

[0008] The photovoltaic assembly provided in the present application is used for the construction of photovoltaic building integration, wherein the laminate can realize the function of converting solar energy into electrical energy, and the back plate can replace the tiles of traditional buildings and be directly used as the material for building the roof to save the construction cost. Wherein, the main body is used to set and support the laminate. When actually setting up, a plurality of photovoltaic assemblies are usually arranged adjacently, and the edge of the main body is provided with a connecting portion, which extends along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic assembly, and the connecting portion can be connected to each other for connecting adjacent photovoltaic assemblies. In the working environment of the photovoltaic assembly, sunlight is usually obliquely irradiated on the surface of the laminate, so the connecting portion will block the partial area of ​​the back plate. In the embodiment of the present application, the area of ​​the laminate is smaller than the area of ​​the main body, and the edge of the laminate and the edge of the main body provided with the connecting portion on one side have a preset distance W, and the laminate has a certain distance from the connecting portion, which reduces the blocking of the laminate by the connecting portion, improves the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic assembly, and reduces the waste caused by the laminating part being too large to be fully utilized, which is conducive to saving costs.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner, the width of the back plate is W2, and satisfies 0.02≤W1:W2≤0.05.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, the height of the connecting portion is H1, and satisfies 0.5≤H1:W1≤1.5.

[0011] In a possible implementation manner, two ends of the back plate have overlapping portions, and the overlapping portions are used to overlap adjacent back plates.

[0012] In a possible implementation, along the length direction of the photovoltaic module, the distance between the edge of the laminate and the edge of the backplane is L1, and satisfies 70 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 100 mm.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the connecting portion includes a connecting section and a bending section, one end of the connecting section is connected to the main body, and the other end is connected to the bending section.

[0014] In a possible implementation manner, the connecting section is arranged obliquely relative to the main body, and an angle α is formed between the connecting section and the main body, and α satisfies: 90°≤α<180°.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the laminate includes a front plate, a battery string and an adhesive film. Along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the front plate, the adhesive film, the battery string and the adhesive film are arranged in sequence, and the front plate is located on a side of the battery string away from the back plate.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the laminate further includes a bottom plate, and the bottom plate is located between the battery strings and the back plate.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the main body is a plane, and the laminate is installed in close contact with the main body.

[0018] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an implementation scheme of a photovoltaic assembly provided in this application;

[0021] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a back plate provided in the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a photovoltaic module provided in the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of another perspective of an implementation of a photovoltaic assembly provided in the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the back plate provided in the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a photovoltaic module provided in the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 A partial cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a photovoltaic module provided in the present application.

[0027] Description of reference numerals:

[0028] 1-Laminate;

[0029] 11-Front plate;

[0030] 12-battery string;

[0031] 13-adhesive film;

[0032] 14- bottom plate;

[0033] 2- back panel;

[0034] 21-Ontology part;

[0035] 22-connecting part;

[0036] 221-connecting section;

[0037] 222-Bent section;

[0038] 23- Overlapping portion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] The terms used in the embodiments of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present application. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present application and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0042] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module includes a laminate 1 and a back sheet 2, and the laminate 1 is installed on the back sheet 2. Figure 2 As shown, the back plate 2 includes a main body 21 and connecting parts 22 located on both sides of the main body 21, and the connecting parts 22 are raised along the thickness direction Z of the photovoltaic module. Figure 3 As shown, the laminate 1 is installed on the main body 21, and adjacent photovoltaic modules can be connected to each other through the connecting portion 22. The distance between the edge of the laminate 1 and the connecting portion 22 is W1, and W1 satisfies 30mm≤W1≤50mm.

[0044] The photovoltaic assembly provided in the embodiment of the present application is used for the construction of photovoltaic building integration, wherein the laminate 1 can realize the function of converting solar energy into electrical energy, and the back plate 2 can replace the tiles of traditional buildings and be directly used as a material for building the roof to save construction costs. Among them, the main body 21 is used to set and support the laminate 1. When actually building and setting, a plurality of photovoltaic assemblies are usually arranged adjacent to each other. The edge of the main body 21 is provided with a connecting portion 22, and the connecting portion 22 extends along the thickness direction Z of the photovoltaic assembly. The connecting portion 22 can be connected to each other and is used to connect adjacent photovoltaic assemblies. In the working environment of the photovoltaic assembly, sunlight is usually obliquely irradiated on the surface of the laminate 1, so the connecting portion 22 will block a part of the back plate 2. In the embodiment of the present application, the area of ​​the laminate 1 is smaller than the area of ​​the main body 21, and along the width direction X of the photovoltaic, the edge of the laminate 1 and the edge of the main body 21 on the side where the connecting portion 22 is provided have a preset distance W1. The laminate 1 and the connecting portion 22 have a certain distance, which reduces the obstruction of the laminate 1 by the connecting portion 22, improves the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and reduces the waste caused by the fact that the laminate 1 is too large and cannot be fully utilized, which is conducive to saving costs.

[0045] In a possible implementation manner, the width of the back plate 2 is W2, and 0.02≤W1:W2≤0.05 is satisfied.

[0046] The back plate 2 can be set to a rectangular shape, which is convenient for multiple photovoltaic modules to be spliced ​​and built together. The back plate 2 includes two parallel long sides and two parallel short sides. The ratio of the width W2 and W1 of the short side of the back plate 2 meets a certain range of values. On the one hand, the blocking of the laminate 1 by the connection part 22 is reduced. On the other hand, the connection part 22 and the main body 21 are connected at an arc structure. The working environment of the photovoltaic module is usually outdoors, so rainwater may accumulate at the connection part 22 and the main body 21, and the rainwater may flow along the main body 21. By setting the ratio relationship between W1 and W2, the battery cell and the main body 21 can maintain a reasonable positional relationship, which can ensure that the laminate 1 can work safely and normally, and can also keep the laminate 1 at a high working efficiency. If the ratio of W1 to W2 is too small, the laminate 1 will be too close to the connection part 22, and the accumulated rainwater may penetrate into the laminate 1. If the ratio of W1 to W2 is too large, the area of ​​the main body 21 cannot be fully utilized by the laminate 1, resulting in waste. W2 satisfies 1138 mm ≤ W2 ≤ 1258 mm. The width of the laminate 1 is W3, and W3 satisfies 1078 mm ≤ W3 ≤ 1178 mm. By setting the width W3 of the laminate 1, W1 can be controlled.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, in a possible implementation manner, the height of the connecting portion 22 is H1, and 0.5≤H1:W1≤1.5 is satisfied.

[0048] The connecting portion 22 is used to connect adjacent photovoltaic modules. The connecting portion 22 extends along the thickness direction Z of the photovoltaic module. The connecting portion 22 is provided with a certain height H1 for easy connection, and the ratio of H1 to W1 satisfies a certain range of values. The height H1 of the connecting portion 22 will directly affect the area of ​​illumination of the connecting portion 22. The larger the height H1 of the connecting portion 22, the larger the illumination area that can be shielded. However, in order for the connecting portion 22 to achieve a good connection effect, the connecting portion 22 needs to be provided with a necessary height, and H1 satisfies 30mm≤H1≤40mm. In order to reduce the shielding of the laminate 1 by the connecting portion 22, this can be achieved by controlling the distance W1 between the laminate 1 and the connecting portion 22. The embodiment of the present application provides a reasonable range of values ​​for H1:W1, which can not only meet the stable connection of the photovoltaic module through the connecting portion 22, but also reduce the shielding of the laminate 1 by the connecting portion 22, so that the photovoltaic module has a higher working efficiency.

[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, in a possible implementation manner, two ends of the back plate 2 have overlapping portions 23 , and the overlapping portions 23 are used for overlapping adjacent back plates 2 with each other.

[0050] The back plate 2 is provided with connecting parts 22 on two parallel sides. The back plates 2 of adjacent photovoltaic modules can be connected through the connecting parts 22, and the two sides of the back plate 2 without the connecting parts 22 are connected to each other by overlapping. Specifically, the area of ​​the laminate 1 is smaller than the area of ​​the main body 21, and the photovoltaic module and the two sides of the main body 21 without the connecting parts 22 also have a certain preset distance, so that along the length direction Y of the photovoltaic module, the two ends of the main body 21 form overlapping parts 23. Adjacent photovoltaic modules can overlap each other through the main body 21, and along the thickness direction Z of the photovoltaic module, the main body 21 of one of the two photovoltaic modules is located above or below the main body 21 of the other, thereby achieving overlapping, and the installation is convenient and quick. The overlapping parts 23 are provided on the back plate 2 to facilitate the connection of adjacent photovoltaic modules, and the photovoltaic modules will not cause shielding to the laminate 1 when connected, so that the photovoltaic modules have higher working efficiency.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, in a possible implementation, along the length direction Y of the photovoltaic module, the distance between the edge of the laminate 1 and the edge of the back sheet 2 is L1, and L1 satisfies 70mm≤L1≤100mm.

[0052] Along the length direction Y of the photovoltaic module, there is no connection part 22 at both ends of the back plate 2 for realizing the overlap of the back plate 2. By controlling the distance between the laminate 1 and the edge of the back plate 2, the main body 21 has enough area that will not be occupied by the laminate 1, so as to facilitate the overlap of the main body 21. If L1 is small, the area of ​​the overlap part 23 will be small, and the length of the overlap part 23 of the back plate 2 will also be small, resulting in the stability of the connection between adjacent photovoltaic modules being affected and inconvenient for installation. If L1 is large, the area of ​​the overlap part 23 domain will be large, and the overlap part 23 domain between the back plates 2 will occupy a larger area of ​​the main body 21, and the overlapped parts of the main body 21 will block each other, so the laminate 1 cannot be set, which ultimately leads to the overall area of ​​the laminate 1 being limited, affecting the overall working efficiency of the photovoltaic module. The embodiment of the present application provides a reasonable value range of L1, even if the adjacent photovoltaic modules can be stably connected to each other, the photovoltaic module can have a higher working efficiency.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, in a possible implementation, the connecting portion 22 includes a connecting segment 221 and a bending segment 222 , wherein one end of the connecting segment 221 is connected to the main body 21 , and the other end is connected to the bending segment 222 .

[0054] When installing a photovoltaic module, the connection portion 22 can be used in conjunction with the mounting seat for installation. By connecting the connection portion 22 with the mounting seat, the photovoltaic module can be installed, simplifying the installation steps. The mounting seat can simultaneously fix and install the connection portions 22 of two adjacent photovoltaic modules. During disassembly or maintenance, the connection between the mounting seat and a photovoltaic module can also be released separately, so as to achieve independent disassembly and installation of the photovoltaic module without affecting other photovoltaic modules, thus facilitating installation and maintenance. The connection portion 22 includes a connection section 221, which extends along the thickness direction Z of the photovoltaic module. The connection section 221 causes the bending section 222 connected thereto to extend relative to the main body 21, so as to facilitate the connection between the bending section 222 and the mounting seat. The bending section 222 includes at least one bending area, which can achieve a stable connection with the mounting seat.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, in a possible implementation, the connection section 221 is tilted relative to the main body 21, and there is an angle α between the connection section 221 and the main body 21, and α satisfies: 90°≤α<180°, and the angle can be 90°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, and 145°, etc. The connection sections 221 at both ends of the main body 21 are tilted in directions away from each other, and the connection sections 221 can be set at different tilt angles to meet the needs of different installation conditions. When the connection section 221 is tilted, the bending section 222 connected to the connection section 221 will also tilt with the connection section 221. When the bending section 222 is connected and matched with the mounting seat, the bending section 222 can undergo a certain elastic deformation to fit the mounting seat, increase the friction between the bending section 222 and the mounting seat, and improve the stability of the connection between the connection section 22 and the mounting seat, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the overall installation of the photovoltaic module.

[0056] like Figure 6 As shown, in a possible embodiment, the laminate 1 includes a front panel 11, a battery string 12 and an adhesive film 13. Along the thickness direction Z of the photovoltaic module, the front panel 11, the adhesive film 13, the battery string 12 and the adhesive film 13 are arranged in sequence, and the front panel 11 is located on the side of the battery string 12 away from the back panel 2.

[0057] The front plate 11 is located on the side of the battery string 12 facing the light. The front plate 11 can be made of a material with high light transmittance, such as glass, which can not only support and protect the battery string 12, but also reduce the impact on the working efficiency of the battery string 12. The back plate 2 is located on the side of the battery string 12 away from the front plate 11. By directly installing the battery string 12 on the back plate 2, the back support structure of the laminate 1 itself can be omitted, which is beneficial to reduce the weight of the photovoltaic module. Adhesive films 13 are respectively provided between the front plate 11 and the battery string 12, and between the battery string 12 and the back plate 2, and are respectively packaged and fixed by the adhesive films 13. The material of the back plate 2 can be a light-transmitting material or an opaque material.

[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, in a possible implementation, the laminate 1 further includes a bottom plate 14 , and the bottom plate 14 is located between the battery string 12 and the back plate 2 .

[0059] A bottom plate 14 can be provided on one side of the laminate 1 close to the back plate 2. The bottom plate 14 is connected to the battery string 12 through the adhesive film 13, and the bottom plate 14 is further connected to the back plate 2 by bonding, so as to install the laminate 1 on the back plate 2. The bottom plate 14 can improve the overall structural strength of the laminate. The material of the bottom plate 14 can be a light-transmitting material or an opaque material. When the materials of the bottom plate 14 and the back plate 2 are both light-transmitting materials, the back of the laminate 1 can also be illuminated by light, which can improve the working efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, the material of the adhesive film 13 is one of polyolefins such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), etc. The above materials have high light transmittance, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes a plurality of adhesive films 13, and the materials of the adhesive films 13 arranged at different positions can be the same or different.

[0061] The battery string 12 usually includes a plurality of battery cells. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the structure of the battery cells. The types of battery cells include but are not limited to Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC), Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon), Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-film (HJT), Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC), perovskite battery, etc.

[0062] For PERC cells, along the thickness direction Z, PERC cells include front surface metal silver electrode, front surface silicon nitride passivation layer, phosphorus layer emitter, P-type base silicon layer, local aluminum back field, metal aluminum back electrode, back passivation layer (Al2O3 / SiNx). PERC cells use a passivation film to passivate the back, replacing the full aluminum back field, enhancing the internal back reflection of light in the silicon base, reducing the recombination rate on the back, and increasing the efficiency of the cell by 0.5%-1%.

[0063] For TOPCon cells, along the thickness direction Z, TOPCon cells include a metal silver electrode, a front surface silicon nitride passivation layer, a boron-doped emitter, an N-type base silicon layer, a diffused doped layer, an ultra-thin silicon oxide, doped polysilicon, silicon nitride, and a metal silver electrode. The back of the cell is composed of an ultra-thin silicon oxide layer (1nm to 2nm) and a phosphorus-doped microcrystalline amorphous mixed Si film, which together form a passivation contact structure. This structure can block the recombination of minority carriers and holes, and improve the open circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the cell. The ultra-thin oxide layer allows majority electrons to tunnel into the polysilicon layer while blocking the recombination of minority carriers and holes. The good passivation effect of ultra-thin silicon oxide and heavily doped silicon film causes the energy band on the silicon wafer surface to bend, thereby forming a field passivation effect, greatly increasing the probability of electron tunneling, reducing the contact resistance, and improving the open circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the cell, thereby improving the cell conversion efficiency.

[0064] For HJT cells, along the thickness direction Z, the HJT cells include a front low-temperature silver electrode, a front conductive film, an N-type amorphous silicon film, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film, an N-type base silicon layer, an intrinsic amorphous silicon film, a P-type amorphous silicon film, a back conductive film, and a back low-temperature silver electrode.

[0065] For IBC cells, along the thickness direction Z, IBC cells include silicon nitride anti-layer, N+ front surface field, N-type base silicon layer, P+ emitter, N+ back field, aluminum oxide passivation layer, silicon nitride anti-reflection layer, and metal silver electrode. IBC cells use ion implantation technology to obtain P and N regions with good uniformity and precisely controllable junction depth. There is no grid line blocking on the front of the cell, which can eliminate the shading current loss of the metal electrode and achieve the maximum utilization of incident photons. The short-circuit current can be increased by about 7% compared with conventional solar cells; due to the back contact structure, there is no need to consider the grid line blocking problem, and the grid line ratio can be appropriately widened, thereby reducing the series resistance and having a high fill factor; the surface passivation and surface light trapping structure can be optimized to obtain a lower front surface recombination rate and surface reflection.

[0066] For perovskite cells, along the thickness direction Z, the perovskite cell includes substrate material, conductive film, electron transport layer (titanium dioxide), perovskite absorption layer (hole transport layer), and metal cathode in sequence. Perovskite materials have a high light absorption coefficient and a long carrier diffusion distance. After the photons absorbed by the perovskite material are converted into electrons, they are easily collected by the electrode with low loss, so they can generate higher photoelectric voltage and current, making perovskite show higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0067] In a possible implementation, the main body 21 is a plane, and the laminate 1 is installed in close contact with the main body 21 .

[0068] The main body 21 can be set in the form of a flat plate, and the laminate 1 can be installed and fixed to the main body 21 by bonding or other means, which facilitates the connection between the laminate 1 and the main body 21 and can improve the stability of the installation of the laminate 1. The main body 21 and the laminate 1 are tightly fitted, which can improve the sealing performance, enhance the waterproof effect, and reduce the possibility of rainwater penetrating between the laminate 1 and the back plate 2.

[0069] The above describes in detail the structure, features and effects of the present application based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the present application does not limit the scope of implementation to what is shown in the drawings. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of the present application, or modifications to equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, which still do not exceed the spirit covered by the description and drawings, should be within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module comprises: Laminate (1); A back plate (2), the laminate (1) being mounted on the back plate (2), the back plate (2) comprising a main body portion (21) and connecting portions (22) located on both sides of the main body portion (21), the connecting portions (22) protruding along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module; The laminate (1) is installed on the main body (21), and adjacent photovoltaic modules can be connected to each other through the connecting portion (22). The distance between the edge of the laminate (1) and the connecting portion (22) is W1, and W1 satisfies 30mm≤W1≤50mm.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the back plate (2) is W2, and satisfies 0.02≤W1:W2≤0.

05.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that: The height of the connecting portion (22) is H1, and satisfies 0.5≤H1:W1≤1.

5.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both ends of the back plate (2) are provided with overlapping portions (23), and the overlapping portions (23) are used for overlapping adjacent back plates (2) with each other.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the length direction of the photovoltaic module, the distance between the edge of the laminate (1) and the edge of the back plate (2) is L1, and L1 satisfies 70mm≤L1≤100mm.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting portion (22) comprises a connecting section (221) and a bending section (222); one end of the connecting section (221) is connected to the main body (21), and the other end is connected to the bending section (222).

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connecting section (221) is arranged obliquely relative to the main body (21); an angle α is formed between the connecting section (221) and the main body (21), and α satisfies: 90°≤α<180°.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laminate (1) comprises a front plate (11), a battery string (12) and an adhesive film (13); along the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the front plate (11), the adhesive film (13), the battery string (12) and the adhesive film (13) are arranged in sequence; the front plate (11) is located on a side of the battery string (12) away from the back plate (2).

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The laminate (1) further comprises a bottom plate (14), wherein the bottom plate (14) is located between the battery string (12) and the back plate (2).

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The main body (21) is a plane, and the laminate (1) is installed in close contact with the main body (21).

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