Self-sensing and self-adaptive deformation tunnel buffering water stop system penetrating unfavorable geological zone

Abstract

The utility model provides a self-sensing and self-adaptive deformation tunnel buffering water stop system penetrating through an unfavorable geological zone. The system comprises a steel plate, a rubber plate, a back-attached water stop belt, geotechnical cloth, a high-strength bolt, a primary support, a secondary lining, a rubber leather sheath and a buffering structure ring. The primary support is arranged on the surface of an excavated tunnel, the geotechnical cloth and the back pasting type water stop belt are sequentially laid on the surface of the primary support, and the steel plates and the rubber plates are stacked in a staggered mode and connected into a buffering structure unit through high-strength bolts. The multiple buffer structure units are connected in an interlocking mode in the circumferential direction of the surface of the back-attached type water-stop belt to form a buffer structure ring, the grooves of the steel plates and the protrusions of the back-attached type water-stop belt are spliced together, and the steel plates and a steel reinforcement framework in the secondary lining are welded and fixed. The structure has a self-sensing function, and real-time monitoring and early warning are carried out on the tunnel through the self-sensing function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a tunnel buffer water-stopping system capable of self-sensing and adaptively deforming when crossing a poor geological zone. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel water leakage refers to the phenomenon that groundwater enters the tunnel through the tunnel surrounding rock or structural cracks due to the water pressure difference between the inside and outside of the tunnel. When groundwater penetrates into the tunnel through rock or soil, it may cause water flow, dripping or water vapor problems, thus affecting the use of the tunnel and the safety of the structure.

[0003] In order to deal with the problem of tunnel water leakage, tunnel waterstop is a waterproof sealing material specially used in tunnel engineering to prevent water leakage and penetration in underground tunnels. It is a high-strength, water-pressure-resistant waterproof material, usually made of rubber, plastic or rubber and steel plate.

[0004] The existing waterstops used in engineering projects have the disadvantages of high cost, difficult maintenance, limited life, space occupation, and high technical requirements. Once the tunnel waterstop is damaged or aged, it is difficult to maintain. The life of the tunnel waterstop is limited, usually between 10 and 20 years. In addition, the appearance and installation of the tunnel waterstop require certain requirements. If the waterstop is not selected and installed properly, it is easy to affect the waterproof effect of the waterstop, resulting in serious problems such as loose fit and breakage of the waterstop. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a tunnel buffer water-stop system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation for crossing poor geological zones, which is composed of an intelligent tough buffer joint connector suitable for tunnels in soft and broken surrounding rocks under long-term dynamic loads from trains, displacement deformation caused by fault activity and earthquake loads, and a matching self-sensing and adaptive deformation water-stop belt.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this design adopts the following solutions:

[0007] A tunnel buffer water-stop system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation when passing through a bad geological zone, comprising a steel plate, a rubber plate, a back-sticking water-stop, a geotextile, a high-strength bolt, a primary support, a secondary lining, a rubber cover, and a buffer structure ring;

[0008] The primary support is set on the tunnel surface after excavation is completed. Geotextile and back-attached waterstop are laid on the primary support surface in sequence. The steel plates and rubber plates are staggered and stacked and connected into a buffer structure unit through high-strength bolts. Multiple buffer structure units are staggered along the circumferential surface of the back-attached waterstop to form a buffer structure ring. The steel plate groove and the protrusion of the back-attached waterstop are assembled together, and the steel plate is welded and fixed to the steel skeleton in the secondary lining.

[0009] Furthermore, the buffer structure unit includes a plurality of steel plates and rubber plates which are staggered to form a high-low dislocation interface shape, and are spliced ​​into a ring to form the buffer structure ring where the tunnel passes through the fault fracture zone.

[0010] Furthermore, when the surrounding rocks on both sides of the fault fracture zone produce longitudinal displacement under the action of an earthquake, the buffer structure ring plays a buffering role in the longitudinal direction, reducing the internal squeezing and damage range of the secondary lining.

[0011] Furthermore, when the surrounding rocks on both sides of the fault fracture zone undergo fault dislocation, the rubber plate undergoes compression deformation, and the buffer structure ring forms a small rotation angle, thereby reducing the internal stress of the secondary lining and the damage range of the lining.

[0012] Furthermore, a groove is provided on the outer surface of the steel plate, and the groove is assembled with the raised buckle of the back-sticking waterstop.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the back-sticking waterstop adopts a double-layer structure. When it is pulled by a lateral force, the first layer of the bottom of the waterstop breaks, and the second part is straightened as a spare part and fits tightly with the primary support.

[0014] Furthermore, a groove is provided on the surface of the back-sticked waterstop, and a self-heating optical fiber temperature sensor is buried in the groove. The sensing method of the sensor is based on the transient heat source method. When water leakage occurs in the tunnel, the surrounding environment can be heated by the self-heating device. After determining the time and the heating power, the sensor measures the ambient temperature. Due to the different heat absorption capacity of the surrounding materials, the temperature rise of the sensor is different, thereby determining whether water leakage occurs and evaluating the amount of leakage.

[0015] Furthermore, the exterior of the buffer structure unit is wrapped by a rubber sheath.

[0016] On the other hand, the present application seeks protection for a construction method of a tunnel buffer water-stopping system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation for crossing a poor geological zone, comprising the following steps:

[0017] 1) After the tunnel is excavated, a certain thickness of concrete is sprayed on the tunnel surface according to the construction requirements, which is the primary support;

[0018] 2) A fiber optic sensor embedding groove is provided on the back-sticking water stop belt, and a self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor is embedded therein;

[0019] 3) After the initial support process is completed, the back-attached waterstop and geotextile are laid;

[0020] 4) Alternately arrange the steel plates and rubber plates, connect them into a whole with high-strength bolts through the internal bolt holes, and wrap them with rubber sleeves on the outside to form an integral buffer structure ring;

[0021] 5) Assemble the steel plate groove of the buffer structure ring and the protrusion of the back-sticking water stop strip together so that they do not shift relative to each other during the installation process. The grooves on both sides of the buffer structure ring are spliced ​​together to form a full ring;

[0022] 6) The high-strength bolts extending from the outside of the buffer structure ring are welded to the steel skeleton in the secondary lining into a whole, and concrete is sprayed to complete the casting of the secondary lining to form a three-dimensional support system with the surrounding rock.

[0023] Compared with the traditional tunnel construction support system, the utility model has the following advantages:

[0024] By combining steel plates, rubber plates, steel plates, rubber plates, and steel plates in this order, connecting them into a whole through internal bolt holes with high-strength bolts, splicing them into a ring when the tunnel passes through the poor geological conditions, and welding them with the steel skeleton of the secondary lining support, spraying the secondary lining concrete to form a whole, it is achieved that when the surrounding rocks on both sides of the poor geological conditions produce longitudinal displacement under the action of an earthquake, the whole connected by the steel plates and rubber plates can play a buffering role in the longitudinal direction, play a longitudinal earthquake-resistant role, and reduce the internal extrusion and damage range of the secondary lining;

[0025] By combining steel plates, rubber plates, steel plates, rubber plates, and steel plates in this order and connecting them into a whole through internal bolt holes with high-strength bolts, when the surrounding rocks on both sides of the bad geological conditions are dislocated by faults, the rubber plates are compressed and deformed, and the whole formed by the steel plates and rubber plates forms a small angle, so as to further reduce the internal stress of the secondary lining and the damage range of the lining;

[0026] By opening a groove on the outer surface of the buffer structure ring, the protruding part of the back-sticking water stop belt is buckled together with the groove when the back-sticking water stop belt is laid, so as to facilitate the assembly of the steel plate and improve the construction efficiency and construction quality;

[0027] Through the double-layer structure at the bottom of the waterstop, the laid back-stick waterstop can play a role of adaptive deformation. When it is pulled by lateral force, the first layer at the bottom of the waterstop breaks, and the second part, that is, the spare part, is straightened to achieve a tight fit and achieve the effect of adaptive deformation.

[0028] By embedding the self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor into the waterstop during construction, the self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor can heat the surrounding environment. The fiber optic sensor and the waterstop are in contact with the lining surface together. Due to different water leakage conditions, the temperature read by the sensor is also different, so that the inner surface temperature can be viewed in real time. By viewing the temperature data collected by the fiber optic temperature sensor, the water leakage condition and degree of the secondary lining can be inferred, the self-sensing function is realized, and the tunnel can be monitored and warned in real time through the self-sensing function. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional stereogram of the main structure of a tunnel buffer water-stopping system that can self-sensing and adaptively deform when crossing a bad geological zone in this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional front view of the main structure of a tunnel buffer water-stopping system that can self-perceive and adaptively deform when crossing a bad geological zone in this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the main structure of a tunnel buffer water-stopping system that can self-perceive and adaptively deform when crossing a bad geological zone in this application;

[0033] Figure 4 This is an overall diagram of a back-sticking waterstop of a tunnel buffer waterstop system that can self-sensing and adaptively deform when crossing a bad geological zone in this application;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a detailed diagram of a back-sticking waterstop of a tunnel buffer waterstop system that can self-sensing and adaptively deform through a bad geological zone in this application;

[0035] Figure 6 This application provides a detailed diagram of the buffer structure ring of a tunnel buffer water-stop system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation when crossing a poor geological zone.

[0036] Reference numerals:

[0037] Steel plate 1, rubber plate 2, fiber optic sensor embedding groove 3, back-sticked waterstop 4, geotextile 5, high-strength bolts 6, self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor 7, primary support 8, secondary lining 9, rubber sheath 10, buffer structure ring 11, steel plate groove 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the utility model clearer, the technical solution in the embodiment of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiment of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0039] See also Figure 1-6 The present application discloses a tunnel buffer water-stop system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation for crossing a poor geological zone, comprising a steel plate 1, a rubber plate 2, a back-stick water-stop 4, a geotextile 5, high-strength bolts 6, a primary support 8, a secondary lining 9, a rubber sheath 10, and a buffer structure ring 11; the primary support 8 is arranged on the tunnel surface after excavation is completed, the geotextile 5 and the back-stick water-stop 4 are laid in sequence on the surface of the primary support 8, the steel plate 1 and the rubber plate 2 are staggered and stacked, and connected into a buffer structure unit through high-strength bolts 6, a plurality of buffer structure units are staggered along the circumferential direction of the surface of the back-stick water-stop 4 to form a buffer structure ring 11, the groove of the steel plate 1 and the protrusion of the back-stick water-stop 4 are assembled together, and the steel plate 1 is welded and fixed to the steel skeleton in the secondary lining 9.

[0040] In the present application, the bottom of the back-sticking waterstop 4 adopts a double-layer structure. When it is pulled by a lateral force, the first layer of the bottom of the waterstop breaks, and the second part is straightened as a spare part and fits tightly with the primary support 8.

[0041] In the present application, a groove 3 is provided on the surface of the back-sticked waterstop 4, and a self-heating optical fiber temperature sensor 7 is buried in the groove 3. The sensing method of the sensor 7 is based on the transient heat source method. When water leakage occurs in the tunnel, the surrounding environment can be heated by the self-heating device. After determining the time and the heating power, the sensor 7 measures the ambient temperature. Due to the different heat absorption capacity of the surrounding materials, the temperature rise of the sensor 7 is different, thereby judging whether water leakage occurs and evaluating the amount of water leakage.

[0042] A buffer structure ring is installed at the place where the tunnel passes through poor geology, making it a full ring and closed. The inside of the buffer structure ring is alternately connected with steel plates and high-strength rubber pads, so that it can adapt to the longitudinal deformation of the tunnel within a certain range under the action of earthquake loads or train dynamic loads, and can absorb energy. Subsequently, a new type of waterstop is connected to the outside of the buffer structure ring. On the basis of the traditional waterstop, the shape of the waterstop is adjusted to suit the shape of the buffer structure ring. At the same time, the bottom of the waterstop adopts a double-layer structure. When the waterstop is pulled by a lateral force, the first layer of the bottom of the waterstop breaks, and the second part, that is, the spare part, is straightened to achieve a close fit and adaptive deformation of the waterstop. A self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor is embedded on the surface. The self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor can heat the surrounding environment. The fiber optic sensor and the waterstop are in contact with the lining surface. Due to different water leakage conditions, the temperature read by the sensor is also different, so the inner surface temperature can be viewed in real time. By viewing the temperature data collected by the fiber optic temperature sensor, the leakage condition and degree of the secondary lining can be inferred, thus realizing the self-sensing function of the new structure.

[0043] The present application combines the interface buffer structure and the new water stop belt to form a tunnel buffer water stop system, which ensures the integrity and completeness of the waterproof facilities. The self-heating optical fiber temperature sensor embedded in the water stop belt can monitor the tunnel water leakage in real time using the transient heat source method.

[0044] A new type of waterstop system with an interface buffer structure and self-sensing adaptive deformation suitable for tunnels passing through poor geological conditions, and its operation method is further described in conjunction with the attached drawings:

[0045] 1) Combined with the tunnel excavation sequence, after the tunnel excavation is completed, firstly a certain thickness of concrete is sprayed on the tunnel surface according to the design, i.e., the primary support 8, to control the deformation of the surrounding rock;

[0046] 2) Laying a layer of geotextile 5 after the initial support 8 process is completed;

[0047] 3) Alternately arrange the steel plate 1 and the rubber plate 2, and connect the steel plate 1, the rubber plate 2 and the steel plate 1 into a whole through the internal bolt holes with bolts, and wrap them with a rubber sheath 10 on the outside to form an integral buffer structure ring 11;

[0048] 4) A fiber optic sensor embedding groove 3 is provided on the back-sticking water stop 4, and a self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor 7 is embedded therein;

[0049] 5) The groove of the steel plate outside the buffer structure ring is assembled with the protrusion of the back-sticking water stop strip 4 so that they do not shift relative to each other during installation, and the grooves on both sides of the buffer structure ring are spliced ​​together to form a full ring;

[0050] 6) The steel plate on the back of the buffer structure ring is welded to the steel skeleton in the secondary lining 9 into a whole, and concrete is sprayed to complete the pouring of the secondary lining 9 so that it forms a three-dimensional support system with the surrounding rock. The waterproof system composed of the interface buffer structure and the new waterstop with self-sensing and adaptive deformation can fully realize the function of sensing and preventing water leakage.

[0051] This application is particularly suitable for use in fault-broken surrounding rock tunnel interfaces that are subjected to long-term train loads, earthquake loads and displacement changes caused by fault dislocation. It can provide buffer protection for the tunnel interface and timely warn and control water leakage problems in the tunnel.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. A tunnel buffer and water-stopping system that can self-perceive and self-adapt to deformation when crossing a bad geological zone, characterized in that: It includes a steel plate (1), a rubber plate (2), a back-sticking water stop (4), a geotextile (5), a high-strength bolt (6), a primary support (8), a secondary lining (9) and a buffer structure ring (11); The primary support (8) is arranged on the surface of the tunnel after excavation is completed, the geotextile (5) and the back-attached waterstop (4) are laid in sequence on the surface of the primary support (8), the steel plate (1) and the rubber plate (2) are stacked in an offset manner and connected to form a buffer structure unit by high-strength bolts (6), a plurality of buffer structure units are connected in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction of the surface of the back-attached waterstop (4) to form a buffer structure ring (11), the steel plate groove (12) of the steel plate (1) and the protrusion of the back-attached waterstop (4) are assembled together, and the steel plate (1) is welded and fixed to the steel skeleton in the secondary lining (9); The bottom of the back-sticking water stop (4) adopts a double-layer structure. When it is pulled by a lateral force, the first layer of the bottom of the water stop breaks, and the second part is straightened as a spare part and fits tightly with the primary support (8); The surface of the back-stick waterstop (4) is provided with a fiber optic sensor embedding groove (3), and a self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor (7) is embedded in the fiber optic sensor embedding groove (3). The sensing method of the self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor (7) is based on the transient heat source method. When water leakage occurs in the tunnel, the surrounding environment can be heated by the self-heating device. After determining the time and the heating power, the self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor (7) measures the ambient temperature. Due to the different heat absorption capacity of the surrounding environment materials, the temperature rise of the self-heating fiber optic temperature sensor (7) is different, thereby judging whether water leakage occurs and evaluating the amount of water leakage.

2. According to claim 1, a tunnel buffering and water-stopping system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation for crossing a bad geological zone is characterized in that: The buffer structure unit comprises a plurality of steel plates (1) and rubber plates (2) which are arranged in a staggered manner and form a high-low dislocation interface shape, and are spliced ​​into a ring at the place where the tunnel passes through the fault fracture zone to form the buffer structure ring.

3. According to claim 1, a tunnel buffering and water-stopping system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation for crossing a bad geological zone is characterized in that: When the surrounding rocks on both sides of the fault fracture zone produce longitudinal displacement under the action of an earthquake, the buffer structure ring (11) plays a buffering role in the longitudinal direction, reducing the internal squeezing and damage range of the secondary lining (9).

4. According to claim 1, a tunnel buffering and water-stopping system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation for crossing a bad geological zone is characterized in that: When the surrounding rocks on both sides of the fault fracture zone undergo fault dislocation, the rubber plate (2) undergoes compression deformation, and the buffer structure ring (11) forms a small rotation angle, thereby reducing the internal stress of the secondary lining (9) and the damage range of the lining.

5. According to claim 1, a tunnel buffering and water-stopping system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation for crossing a bad geological zone is characterized in that: A groove is provided on the outer surface of the steel plate (1), and the groove is assembled with the raised buckle of the back-sticking water stop strip (4).

6. The tunnel buffer and water-stopping system with self-sensing and adaptive deformation for crossing a bad geological zone according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The buffer structure unit is externally wrapped by a rubber sheath (10).

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